Profound sensorineural hearing loss (PSHL) is not uncommonly encountered in otology. In clinics, there is a high incidence of otolithic damage in patients with PSHL, but relevant reports are few. Sharing a continuous ...Profound sensorineural hearing loss (PSHL) is not uncommonly encountered in otology. In clinics, there is a high incidence of otolithic damage in patients with PSHL, but relevant reports are few. Sharing a continuous membranous structure and similar receptor cell ultrastructures, the cochlea and vestibule may be susceptible to the same harmful factors. Disorders of the inner ear may result in a variety of manifestations, including vertigo, spatial disorientation, blurred vision, impaired articulation, and hearing impairment. Considering the diversity of clinical symptoms associated with PSHL with otolithic dysfunction, it may be frequently misdiagnosed, and objective means of testing the function of otolithic organs should be recommended for hearing-impaired patients. Vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) via air-conducted sound are of great importance for the diagnosis of otolithic function. Hearing devices such as cochlear implants are commonly accepted treatments for PSHL, and early identification and treatment of vestibular disorders may increase the success rate of cochlear implantation. Therefore, it is necessary to increase awareness of otolithic functional states in patients with PSHL.展开更多
Objective: To observe the otolithic function in sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL) patients in different age groups by using vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs). Methods: One hundred and seventy unilat...Objective: To observe the otolithic function in sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL) patients in different age groups by using vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs). Methods: One hundred and seventy unilateral SSHL patients were divided into 5 age groups. The 170 affected ears belonged to study group. The opposite healthy ears of 170 patients and 138 normal ears of 69 age and sex-matched normal people at different ages were set as control groups. Ocular VEMP (oVEMP) and cervical VEMP (cVEMP) both evoked by air-conducted sound (ACS) were employed for vestibular otolithic function assessment. Results: The response rates of cVEMP and oVEMP were lower and abnormal rates were higher in affected ears of SSHL patients compared to the opposite healthy ears and normal control ears in all age groups, except patients over 60 years. The response rates of VEMPs significantly declined with increasing age, not only in normal control ears, but also in affected and healthy ears of SSHL patients. But, the abnormal rates of VEMPs showed no significant difference in affected ears at different ages. Conclusions: Dysfunction of vestibular otolithic organs in SSHL patients presented respective features at different ages. It is necessary to consider the age when the clinicians determine the otolithic condition of patients based on the VEMPs.展开更多
This study explored the morphological characteristics and differences of the otoliths in three native species,Schizothorax biddulphi,S.eurystomus and S.curvifrons,in the Yarkand River of the Tarim River,Xinjiang,China...This study explored the morphological characteristics and differences of the otoliths in three native species,Schizothorax biddulphi,S.eurystomus and S.curvifrons,in the Yarkand River of the Tarim River,Xinjiang,China.A total of 93 specimens(27 S.biddulphi,39 S.eurystomus,and 27 S.curvifrons)were analyzed using six basic otolith morphological parameters(OA,R_(max),R_(min),OP,OL,OW)to derive six factors(F_(1),F_(2),F_(3),F_(4),F_(5),F_(6))and seven indices(RO,FF,CI,RE,EL,RR,AR)for morphological assessment.A discriminant analysis incorporating 77 Fourier coefficients of the otoliths revealed distinct morphological differences among the species.A significant power function relationship between otolith morphology and standard length was observed across the species,with R2 values ranging from 0.409 to 0.749.Principal component analysis(PCA)of 7 traditional otolith morphological indicators explained 81.243%of the variance,yielding an overall species discrimination rate of 81.65%.Further PCA of 77 Fourier harmonic values enhanced the discrimination accuracy,with the first 3 components accounting for 77.49%of the total variation and an improved discrimination rate of 100.00%.Cluster analysis resulted in the grouping of S.biddulphi and S.curvifrons together and revealed their association with S.eurystomus,indicating notable morphological distinctions.Both otolith shape indices and elliptical Fourier analysis have been useful in distinguishing the phenotypic units of different fish species.In this study,otolith morphology was applied for the first time to identify Schizothorax species,providing an in-depth description of species distribution and evolutionary history.This study provides a reference for the identification and systematic classification of Schizothorax species and a scientific basis for formulating effective species protection measures,for promoting the sustainable management of species and important habitats.展开更多
The otolith nucleus captures a fish’s life history during egg and hatching stages,offering insights into species-specific differences in element types and concentrations as well as the endogenous and exogenous factor...The otolith nucleus captures a fish’s life history during egg and hatching stages,offering insights into species-specific differences in element types and concentrations as well as the endogenous and exogenous factors shaping these variations.This study aimed to investigate the variation in the types and concentrations of elements within the otolith nuclei of three Antarctic fish species,including Pagothenia borchgrevinki,Trematomus hansoni,and Trematomus bernacchii,collected from Prydz Bay,East Antarctica.Nine elements,^(23)Na,^(24)Mg,^(29)Si,^(31)P,^(39)K,^(57)Fe,^(66)Zn,^(88)Sr,and^(137)Ba,were selected for analyses because of their concentrations and ecological significance.Ratios of each element to Ca(Me/Ca)were used for analysis,and Me/Ca in the otolith nuclei of these species were analyzed to explore species-specific variations in element types.Significant differences in element composition,except for Fe/Ca and Ba/Ca,were found in different species.Temperature,salinity,reproduction,pelagic larval lifestyle,and diet composition were considered as key endogenous and exogenous factors influencing these differences.Decision tree discriminant analysis,based on the variation of the types and concentrations of elements,was used to identify P.borchgrevinki,T.hansoni,and T.bernacchii with accuracy rates of 86.54%,82.61%,and 73.33%,respectively.Principal component analysis showed overlapping 95%confidence el-lipses for the three species at 79.96%,67.31%,and 56.71%,respectively.As these species belong to the Nototheniidae family and share a similar hatching period,the accuracy of species discrimination is reduced.Considering the high probability of error in distin-guishing species using otolith nucleus elements,we recommend otolith shape should also be considered to improve identification ac-curacy.展开更多
Background:Vestibular assessments,such as the video ocular counter roll(vOCR)test,offer valuable insights into the interactions between age,otolith function,and vestibular performance.Objective:To analyze the relation...Background:Vestibular assessments,such as the video ocular counter roll(vOCR)test,offer valuable insights into the interactions between age,otolith function,and vestibular performance.Objective:To analyze the relation between age and vOCR gains as a potential marker of age-related otolith degeneration.Methods:A total of 107 participants underwent vOCR testing.Descriptive statistics and simple linear regression analyses were conducted to explore the association between age and vOCR gains.Results were presented using regression coefficients,95%confidence intervals,p-values,and R-squared values.Results:In the overall sample,statistically significant associations were observed between age and vOCR gains in both ears.For the right ear,vOCR gains decreased with increasing age(coefficient:-0.03;95%CI:-0.05 to-0.01;p<0.001;R^(2)=0.08),while the left ear showed a slightly stronger association(coefficient:-0.04;95%CI:-0.07 to-0.02;p<0.001;R²=0.12).These findings indicate a moderate age-related decline in otolith-mediated vestibular responses.Conclusion:vOCR gains appear to decline with age,reflecting potential age-related otolith degeneration.These results support the clinical value of vOCR as a non-invasive method to assess vestibular function and its changes across the lifespan.展开更多
Vestibular evoked myogenic potential （VEMP）, is an electromyographic response of vestibular origin evoked by sound, vibration or electrical stimulation. VEMP is widely used as a clinical test of the otolith organs. ...Vestibular evoked myogenic potential （VEMP）, is an electromyographic response of vestibular origin evoked by sound, vibration or electrical stimulation. VEMP is widely used as a clinical test of the otolith organs. Now-adays, two kinds of VEMP, cervical VEMP （cVEMP） and ocular VEMP （oVEMP） are clinically used. cVEMP is a test of sacculo-collic refex while oVEMP is a test of utri-culo-ocular refex. Absence of responses, large interau-ral asymmetry of amplitudes, prolonged peak latencies, and abnormal thresholds of responses are regarded as abnormal responses. Clinical application to various diseases of the vestibular system was performed. Using VEMP, a new type of vestibular neuritis, inferior ves-tibular neuritis was established. A prominent feature of VEMP in Meniere’s disease is a shift of a preferred fre-quency in cVEMP. The whole aspects of VEMP fndings in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo are not clarifed yet. Sensitivity of cVEMP to vestibular schwannoma was 80.0%, while specifcity was 52.7%. Concerning diagnosis of superior canal dehiscence syn-drome （SCDS）, oVEMP to air-conducted sound is the most helpful. Augmentation of oVEMP responses is a prominent feature in SCDS. I also presented “idiopathic otolithic vertigo”, which I proposed as a new clinical en-tity based on VEMP fndings. Some patients complained of lateral tilting sensation in the roll plane, or tilting or translational sensation in the pitch plane without rota-tory vertigo. Majority of patients with these symptoms had absent or decreased responses of oVEMP and/or cVEMP. I proposed that these patients could be diag-nosed as having “idiopathic otolithic vertigo”.展开更多
Objective The macula lagena in birds is located at the apical end of the cochlea and contains many tiny otoliths. The macula lagena is innervated and has neural projections to the brainstem, but its physiological func...Objective The macula lagena in birds is located at the apical end of the cochlea and contains many tiny otoliths. The macula lagena is innervated and has neural projections to the brainstem, but its physiological function is still unclear. It remains disputable that it is because otoliths in the lagena are rich in elements Fe and Zn that birds can obtain geomagnetic information for homing. To clarify this issue, we carried out a study to determine whether or not otoliths in the lagena of homing pigeons are richer in magnetic elements than those in the saccule and the utricle. Methods The contents of ferromagnetic elements （Fe, Co, Ni） and other metal elements in lagenal otoliths of adult homing pigeons were precisely analyzed with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （ICP-MS） of high sensitivity, and then they were compared with those in saccular and utricular otoliths （all the contents were normalized to Ca）. Results In adult homing pigeons, the contents of ferromagnetic elements （Fe, Co, Ni） in lagenal otoliths were less than 0.7% （normalized to Ca element） and were the same order in magnitude as those in saccular and utricular otoliths. The content of Fe in lagenal otoliths was not significantly different from that in utricular otoliths and was even lower than that in saccular otoliths. The content of Co in lagenal otoliths was lower than that in saccular otoliths and higher than that in utricular otoliths. The content of Ni in lagenal otoliths was not significantly different from that in saccular otoliths and was higher than that in utricular otoliths. The contents of other metal elements Na, Mg, K, Al, Mn and Pb in lagenal otoliths were not significantly different from those in utricular and saccular otoliths. The contents of metal elements Zn, Ba and Cu in lagenal otoliths were lower than those in saccular otoliths. Conclusion The contents of magnetic elements in lagenal otoliths of homing pigeons are not much higher than those in utricular and saccular otoliths, which does not support the hypothesis that birds depend on high contents of Fe and Zn in lagenal otoliths for sensation of geomagnetic information. Similarities in morphology, element ingredient and element content between lagenal otoliths and utricular otoliths suggest that the two types of otolithic organs may play similar roles in sensing gravitational and acceleration signals.展开更多
The migratory history of the engraulid fish Coilia nasus in the Rokkaku and Chikugo River estuaries of the Ariake Sea, Japan was assessed using otolith strontium（Sr） X-ray intensity maps and strontium：calcium（Sr...The migratory history of the engraulid fish Coilia nasus in the Rokkaku and Chikugo River estuaries of the Ariake Sea, Japan was assessed using otolith strontium（Sr） X-ray intensity maps and strontium：calcium（Sr：Ca） ratio life history transects by an electron probe microanalyzer（EPMA）. The results showed that seven of the ten specimens from the Rokkaku River Estuary（LJC） and all 15 specimens collected in the Chikugo River Estuary（ZHC） had low Sr：Ca ratios（≤3） at the central otolith area, indicating their riverine origin and initial freshwater residence. After the first regime shift adjacent to natal regions, the Sr level mapping displayed a wide variety of color patterns, and the Sr：Ca ratios obtained by the line transect analysis could be divided into one to six significantly different phases indicative of gradual life history transition. The other three specimens from the Rokkaku River Estuary had high Sr：Ca ratios（3–6.7） at the central otolith area but showed alternating changes between low and high values outside the natal region, suggesting that estuarine-origin individuals occurred in the Rokkaku River Estuary. The two-dimensional maps of the Sr level and average of the otolith Sr：Ca ratios along the life-history transects could be used as effective tools for reconstruction of past habitat use of the tapertail anchovy in estuaries of the Ariake Sea, Japan.展开更多
Although chub mackerel （Scomberjaponicus） is a primary pelagic fish species, we have only limited knowledge on its key life history processes. The present work studied the age and growth of chub mackerel in the East...Although chub mackerel （Scomberjaponicus） is a primary pelagic fish species, we have only limited knowledge on its key life history processes. The present work studied the age and growth of chub mackerel in the East China and Yellow Seas. Age was determined by interpreting and counting growth rings on the sagitta otoliths of 252 adult fish caught by the Chinese commercial purse seine fleet during the period from November 2006 to January 2007 and 150 juveniles from bottom trawl surveys on the spawning ground in May 2006. The difference between the assumed birth date of 1st April and date of capture was used to adjust the age determined from counting the number of complete translucent rings. The parameters of three commonly used growth models, the von Bertalanffy, Logistic and Gompertz models, were estimated using the maximum likelihood method. Based on the Akaike Information Criterion （AIC）, the yon Bertalanffy growth model was found to be the most appropriate model. The size-at-age and size-at-maturity values were also found to decrease greatly compared with the results achieved in the 1950s, which was caused by heavy exploitation over the last few decades.展开更多
Black rockfish Sebastes schlegelii juveniles （30-40 mm total length） were immersed in a range of calcein （CAL） solutions at concentrations ranging from 50 to 250 mg/L and alizarin red S （ARS） solutions at concen...Black rockfish Sebastes schlegelii juveniles （30-40 mm total length） were immersed in a range of calcein （CAL） solutions at concentrations ranging from 50 to 250 mg/L and alizarin red S （ARS） solutions at concentrations ranging from 100 to 500 mg/L in filtered seawater （salinity 30） for 24 h. Fluorescent marks were detected in otoliths （sagittae, asteriscus）, scales, fin rays （dorsal, pectoral, ventral, anal, and caudal fin rays）, and fin spines （dorsal, ventral, and anal fin spines） after a 60-d growth experiment. With the exception of 50-100 rng/L CAL, acceptable marks were produced in the otoliths and fin spines by all concentrations of CAL and ARS. In particular, marks were clearly visible under normal light in the sagittae, asteriscus, and fin spines offish immersed in 200 500 mg/L, 300-500 rag/L, and 200-500 mg/LARS, respectively. Scales and fin rays had acceptable marks at much higher concentrations （≥50 mg/L CAL, ≥300 mg/L ARS for scales and ≥50 mg/L CAL,≥200 mg/L ARS for fin rays）. The mark quality was highest （i.e., acceptable marks were observed in all sampled structures after immersion marking） in fish immersed in 150-250 mg/L CAL or 300-500 mg/LARS. In addition, there was no significant difference in survival and growth of marked fish compared with controls 60 d post-marking （P〉0.05）.展开更多
Otolith shape is species specific and is an ideal marker of fish population affiliation. In this study, otolith shape of spottedtail goby Synechogobius ommaturus is used to identify stocks in different spawning locati...Otolith shape is species specific and is an ideal marker of fish population affiliation. In this study, otolith shape of spottedtail goby Synechogobius ommaturus is used to identify stocks in different spawning locations in the Yellow Sea. The main objectives of this study are to explore the potential existence of local stocks of spottedtail goby in the Yellow Sea by analysis of otolith shape, and to investigate ambient impacts on otolith shape. Spottedtail goby was sampled in five locations in the Yellow Sea in 2007 and 2008. Otoliths are described using variables correlated to size (otolith area, perimeter, length, width, and weight) and shape (rectangularity, circularity, and 20 Fourier harmonics). Only standardized otolith variables are used so that the effect of otolith size on the shape variables could be eliminated. There is no significant difference among variables of sex, year, and side (left and right). However, the otolith shapes of the spring stocks and the autumn stocks differ significantly. Otolith shape differences are greater among locations than between years. Correct classification rate of spottedtail goby with the otolith shape at different sampling locations range from 29.7%–77.4%.展开更多
The estuarine tapertail anchovy(Coilia nasus)is a high-value commercial fish.Estimating the spawning site or hatchery origin and habitat is essential for its conservation.This study aimed to determine the habitat use ...The estuarine tapertail anchovy(Coilia nasus)is a high-value commercial fish.Estimating the spawning site or hatchery origin and habitat is essential for its conservation.This study aimed to determine the habitat use and life history characteristics of C.nasus from the Changjiang River Estuary.We investigated the environmental signatures of strontium(Sr)and calcium(Ca)in the otoliths of the collected specimens using electron probe microanalysis;additionally,we examined their gonadal maturity stage.Our results indicate that the 31 adult C.nasus specimens used in this study could be classified into two types based on their otolith Sr:Ca concentration ratios and their gonadal maturity stage.The long freshwater early life history type(Type LF)had wider central region in the otolith with low Sr:Ca concentration ratios ranging from 1.24±0.62 to 1.92±0.78 and a bluish pattern of low Sr content level.These fish are of riverine origin and had a relatively long early life history in freshwater and low gonadal maturation when captured.The short freshwater early life history type(Type SF)had a shorter central region in the otolith with low Sr:Ca concentration ratios ranging from 1.35±0.5 to 2.82±0.97 and a correspondingly bluish pattern.These fish also had a relatively short-term early life history in freshwater and high gonadal maturation when captured.The results of the otolith microchemical analysis indicated that Type LF and Type SF originated in spawning/hatching sites far from and close to the estuary,respectively.The mature gonads of Type SF fish indicated that they may breed in areas close to the estuary,whereas the immature gonads of Type LF fish indicated that they may breed in areas far from the estuary.This study is the first to reveal that the Changjiang River Estuary contains stocks of anadromous C.nasus originating in different spawning sites during the same season.The estuarine habitat plays a critical role in the connectivity between freshwater recruitment and the marine resources available to adult spawners of this commercially valued species.From a conservation perspective,this study provides important information for identifying anadromous C.nasus stocks originating in different spawning sites in the Changjiang River Basin.展开更多
Habitat use of the tapertail anchovy(Coilia mystus Linnaeus, 1758) from the Oujiang River Estuary and the Zhujiang(Pearl) River Estuary was studied by examining the environmental signatures of Sr and Ca in otoliths us...Habitat use of the tapertail anchovy(Coilia mystus Linnaeus, 1758) from the Oujiang River Estuary and the Zhujiang(Pearl) River Estuary was studied by examining the environmental signatures of Sr and Ca in otoliths using electron probe microanalysis. Individuals from the Oujiang River had higher and varied Sr:Ca ratios(expressed as(Sr:Ca)×1 000, 3.83–13.0 average) in the otolith core regions, suggesting that they were born in brackish or sea waters, and that a freshwater habitat might not be necessary for egg hatching and larval growth.While, individuals from the Zhujiang River had lower Sr:Ca ratios(0.39–2.51 average) in the core regions,suggesting a freshwater origin. After hatching, anchovies from the Zhujiang River migrate downstream to the river estuary close to brackish water. Our results demonstrated varied habitat use for spawning during stages of early life history between the two populations, and suggested that such variations are promoting diversity of life history strategies of this species.展开更多
The geographical variations in life history characteristics of small yellow croaker Larimichthys polyactis, caused by experienced different environmental conditions, have been observed in China seas. Previous studies ...The geographical variations in life history characteristics of small yellow croaker Larimichthys polyactis, caused by experienced different environmental conditions, have been observed in China seas. Previous studies based on spatial distribution, migration route, and body morphometrics suggested a complex stock structure. In this study, to clarify the source of a spawning stock, we investigated the reproduction strategy and inter-structure of the Haizhou Bay (HZB) spawning stock in the middle Yellow Sea from both egg survey and adult otolith increment analysis. Egg and adult samples were collected from three surveys during spawning season in 2013. Distinct spatial and temporal variations were detected in egg distribution and size, and otolith shape analysis of adult fishes revealed two morphotypes with different increment growth using random forest cluster. The results indicate the existence of two components within the same spawning stock in HZB from different wintering grounds, and accordingly special protection should be required for this stock given the significance to maintain connectivity between adjacent subpopulations.展开更多
Oxygen and carbon isotope ratios（δ^（18）O and δ^（13）C） in otoliths were used to identify the stock structure of small yellow croaker,Larimichthys polyactis.Otoliths were collected from fish at five locations ac...Oxygen and carbon isotope ratios（δ^（18）O and δ^（13）C） in otoliths were used to identify the stock structure of small yellow croaker,Larimichthys polyactis.Otoliths were collected from fish at five locations across the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea representing most of their distributional range and fisheries areas.The significant differences in the isotopic signatures showed that the five locations could be chemically distinguished and clearly separated,indicating stock subdivision.Correlation of δ^（18）O and δ^（13）C values suggested that population of L.polyactis could be divided into the Bohai Sea group,the southern Yellow Sea group and the central Yellow Sea group.Discriminant analysis of δ^（18）O and δ^（13）C values demonstrated a high significant difference with 85.7% classification accuracy.The spatial separation of L.polyactis indicated a complex stock structure across the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea.These results indicate that optimal fisheries management may require a comprehensive consideration on the current spatial arrangements.This study has provided further evidence that measurement of the stable isotopes ratios in otolith can be a valuable tool in the delineation of fishery management units.展开更多
The relation between otolith weight (OW) and the age of marine fish is studied. A total of 222 individuals of bighead white croaker, Pennahia macrocephalus were sampled seasonally in the mouth of the Beibu Gulf, the S...The relation between otolith weight (OW) and the age of marine fish is studied. A total of 222 individuals of bighead white croaker, Pennahia macrocephalus were sampled seasonally in the mouth of the Beibu Gulf, the South China Sea, in 2007. Since there are no significant differences in sagittal OW between otolith in pairs (P≥0.05), the undamaged left sagittal otolith is used for age determination. The highest correlations among standard length, OW and fish ages are confirmed by linear, exponential and multinomial regression. Results show that sagittal OW overlaps only occasionally among age groups, and to individuals with similar standard length, the older and slower-growing fish has a heavier otolith because of the continued otolith material deposition. There are differences in sagittal OW among different age groups and significant positive linear relationship with age (P<0.05). The age readings can be verified by plotting the sagittal OW versus the standard length for age groups, and the individuals with similar standard length but in different ages can be separated by sagittal OW frequency analysis. Mostly, the predicted ages using the regression between sagittal OW and ages are closed to the observed ages by counting annulus on scale. It indicates that the sagittal OW analysis is a useful technique for validating the accuracy of age determination by annuli counts, especially for individuals of similar size. Furthermore, the technique is applied for Pennahia macrocephalus with discussion in this paper.展开更多
We tested the utility of chemical marking techniques in the juvenile black rockfish Sebastes schlegelii. Juveniles （30-40 mm total length） were immersed in a range of tetracycline hydrochloride （TC） solutions at c...We tested the utility of chemical marking techniques in the juvenile black rockfish Sebastes schlegelii. Juveniles （30-40 mm total length） were immersed in a range of tetracycline hydrochloride （TC） solutions at concentrations ranging from 300 to 500 mg/L, and alizarin complexone （ALC） solutions at concentrations ranging from 200 to 400 mg/L in filtered sea water （salinity of 30） for 24 h, respectively. Otoliths （sagittae, asteriscus）, scales, fin rays （dorsal, pectoral, ventral, anal, and caudal fin rays）, and fin spines （dorsal, ventral, and anal fin spines） were sampled and used to detect fluorescent marks after a 60-day growth experiment. With the exception of 300 mg/L TC, acceptable marks were produced in the otoliths and fin spines by all concentrations of TC and ALC. In particular, we observed clearly visible marks in the sagittae, asteriscus, and fin spines under normal light at concentrations of200~00 mg/L, 250-400 mg/L, and 250-400 mg/L ALC, respectively. Scales and fin rays had acceptable marks at much higher concentrations （_〉350 mg/L TC, 〉250 mg/L ALC for scales and _〉350 mg/L TC, 〉300 mg/L ALC for fin rays）. The best mark quality （i.e., acceptable marks were observed in all sampled structures after immersion marking） were obtained following immersion in TC at between 350-500 rag/L, and ALC between 300-400 mg/L. In addition, there was no significant difference in survival and growth of TC and ALC marked fish compared to their controls up to 60 days post-marking （P〉0.05）.展开更多
Age and growth characteristics of crimson sea bream Paragyrops edita Tanaka in Beibu Gulf were studied through bottom trawling and gillnet fleets fishing from July 2006 to December 2007. A total number of 1155 individ...Age and growth characteristics of crimson sea bream Paragyrops edita Tanaka in Beibu Gulf were studied through bottom trawling and gillnet fleets fishing from July 2006 to December 2007. A total number of 1155 individuals, ranging from 49 to 249mm in standard length was examined. The age of the fish was determined from sagittal otoliths. One year growth was made up of one translucent and one opaque zone. A maximum likelihood estimation procedure was used to fit the Von Bertalanffy, Logistic and Gompertz growth functions to the length-at-age data. ARSS indicated that there were no significant differences in growth between sexes in the three growth models （P〉0.05）, and the Von Bertalanffy growth function Lr=292.8{1 cxp[-0.167（t＋1.l16）]} was selected as the most appropriate growth model according to Akaike＇s information criterion （AIC）.展开更多
文摘Profound sensorineural hearing loss (PSHL) is not uncommonly encountered in otology. In clinics, there is a high incidence of otolithic damage in patients with PSHL, but relevant reports are few. Sharing a continuous membranous structure and similar receptor cell ultrastructures, the cochlea and vestibule may be susceptible to the same harmful factors. Disorders of the inner ear may result in a variety of manifestations, including vertigo, spatial disorientation, blurred vision, impaired articulation, and hearing impairment. Considering the diversity of clinical symptoms associated with PSHL with otolithic dysfunction, it may be frequently misdiagnosed, and objective means of testing the function of otolithic organs should be recommended for hearing-impaired patients. Vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) via air-conducted sound are of great importance for the diagnosis of otolithic function. Hearing devices such as cochlear implants are commonly accepted treatments for PSHL, and early identification and treatment of vestibular disorders may increase the success rate of cochlear implantation. Therefore, it is necessary to increase awareness of otolithic functional states in patients with PSHL.
文摘Objective: To observe the otolithic function in sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL) patients in different age groups by using vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs). Methods: One hundred and seventy unilateral SSHL patients were divided into 5 age groups. The 170 affected ears belonged to study group. The opposite healthy ears of 170 patients and 138 normal ears of 69 age and sex-matched normal people at different ages were set as control groups. Ocular VEMP (oVEMP) and cervical VEMP (cVEMP) both evoked by air-conducted sound (ACS) were employed for vestibular otolithic function assessment. Results: The response rates of cVEMP and oVEMP were lower and abnormal rates were higher in affected ears of SSHL patients compared to the opposite healthy ears and normal control ears in all age groups, except patients over 60 years. The response rates of VEMPs significantly declined with increasing age, not only in normal control ears, but also in affected and healthy ears of SSHL patients. But, the abnormal rates of VEMPs showed no significant difference in affected ears at different ages. Conclusions: Dysfunction of vestibular otolithic organs in SSHL patients presented respective features at different ages. It is necessary to consider the age when the clinicians determine the otolithic condition of patients based on the VEMPs.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31360635)the Tianshan Talent Training Project of Xinjiang(No.2023 TSYCCX 0128)the Science and Technology Public Relations Planning in Key Fields of the XPCC Science and Technology Bureau(No.2022 DB 019)。
文摘This study explored the morphological characteristics and differences of the otoliths in three native species,Schizothorax biddulphi,S.eurystomus and S.curvifrons,in the Yarkand River of the Tarim River,Xinjiang,China.A total of 93 specimens(27 S.biddulphi,39 S.eurystomus,and 27 S.curvifrons)were analyzed using six basic otolith morphological parameters(OA,R_(max),R_(min),OP,OL,OW)to derive six factors(F_(1),F_(2),F_(3),F_(4),F_(5),F_(6))and seven indices(RO,FF,CI,RE,EL,RR,AR)for morphological assessment.A discriminant analysis incorporating 77 Fourier coefficients of the otoliths revealed distinct morphological differences among the species.A significant power function relationship between otolith morphology and standard length was observed across the species,with R2 values ranging from 0.409 to 0.749.Principal component analysis(PCA)of 7 traditional otolith morphological indicators explained 81.243%of the variance,yielding an overall species discrimination rate of 81.65%.Further PCA of 77 Fourier harmonic values enhanced the discrimination accuracy,with the first 3 components accounting for 77.49%of the total variation and an improved discrimination rate of 100.00%.Cluster analysis resulted in the grouping of S.biddulphi and S.curvifrons together and revealed their association with S.eurystomus,indicating notable morphological distinctions.Both otolith shape indices and elliptical Fourier analysis have been useful in distinguishing the phenotypic units of different fish species.In this study,otolith morphology was applied for the first time to identify Schizothorax species,providing an in-depth description of species distribution and evolutionary history.This study provides a reference for the identification and systematic classification of Schizothorax species and a scientific basis for formulating effective species protection measures,for promoting the sustainable management of species and important habitats.
基金supported by the Impact and Response of Antarctic Seas to Climate Change(No.IRASCC 2020-2025)from the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Peo-ple’s Republic of China.
文摘The otolith nucleus captures a fish’s life history during egg and hatching stages,offering insights into species-specific differences in element types and concentrations as well as the endogenous and exogenous factors shaping these variations.This study aimed to investigate the variation in the types and concentrations of elements within the otolith nuclei of three Antarctic fish species,including Pagothenia borchgrevinki,Trematomus hansoni,and Trematomus bernacchii,collected from Prydz Bay,East Antarctica.Nine elements,^(23)Na,^(24)Mg,^(29)Si,^(31)P,^(39)K,^(57)Fe,^(66)Zn,^(88)Sr,and^(137)Ba,were selected for analyses because of their concentrations and ecological significance.Ratios of each element to Ca(Me/Ca)were used for analysis,and Me/Ca in the otolith nuclei of these species were analyzed to explore species-specific variations in element types.Significant differences in element composition,except for Fe/Ca and Ba/Ca,were found in different species.Temperature,salinity,reproduction,pelagic larval lifestyle,and diet composition were considered as key endogenous and exogenous factors influencing these differences.Decision tree discriminant analysis,based on the variation of the types and concentrations of elements,was used to identify P.borchgrevinki,T.hansoni,and T.bernacchii with accuracy rates of 86.54%,82.61%,and 73.33%,respectively.Principal component analysis showed overlapping 95%confidence el-lipses for the three species at 79.96%,67.31%,and 56.71%,respectively.As these species belong to the Nototheniidae family and share a similar hatching period,the accuracy of species discrimination is reduced.Considering the high probability of error in distin-guishing species using otolith nucleus elements,we recommend otolith shape should also be considered to improve identification ac-curacy.
文摘Background:Vestibular assessments,such as the video ocular counter roll(vOCR)test,offer valuable insights into the interactions between age,otolith function,and vestibular performance.Objective:To analyze the relation between age and vOCR gains as a potential marker of age-related otolith degeneration.Methods:A total of 107 participants underwent vOCR testing.Descriptive statistics and simple linear regression analyses were conducted to explore the association between age and vOCR gains.Results were presented using regression coefficients,95%confidence intervals,p-values,and R-squared values.Results:In the overall sample,statistically significant associations were observed between age and vOCR gains in both ears.For the right ear,vOCR gains decreased with increasing age(coefficient:-0.03;95%CI:-0.05 to-0.01;p<0.001;R^(2)=0.08),while the left ear showed a slightly stronger association(coefficient:-0.04;95%CI:-0.07 to-0.02;p<0.001;R²=0.12).These findings indicate a moderate age-related decline in otolith-mediated vestibular responses.Conclusion:vOCR gains appear to decline with age,reflecting potential age-related otolith degeneration.These results support the clinical value of vOCR as a non-invasive method to assess vestibular function and its changes across the lifespan.
文摘Vestibular evoked myogenic potential （VEMP）, is an electromyographic response of vestibular origin evoked by sound, vibration or electrical stimulation. VEMP is widely used as a clinical test of the otolith organs. Now-adays, two kinds of VEMP, cervical VEMP （cVEMP） and ocular VEMP （oVEMP） are clinically used. cVEMP is a test of sacculo-collic refex while oVEMP is a test of utri-culo-ocular refex. Absence of responses, large interau-ral asymmetry of amplitudes, prolonged peak latencies, and abnormal thresholds of responses are regarded as abnormal responses. Clinical application to various diseases of the vestibular system was performed. Using VEMP, a new type of vestibular neuritis, inferior ves-tibular neuritis was established. A prominent feature of VEMP in Meniere’s disease is a shift of a preferred fre-quency in cVEMP. The whole aspects of VEMP fndings in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo are not clarifed yet. Sensitivity of cVEMP to vestibular schwannoma was 80.0%, while specifcity was 52.7%. Concerning diagnosis of superior canal dehiscence syn-drome （SCDS）, oVEMP to air-conducted sound is the most helpful. Augmentation of oVEMP responses is a prominent feature in SCDS. I also presented “idiopathic otolithic vertigo”, which I proposed as a new clinical en-tity based on VEMP fndings. Some patients complained of lateral tilting sensation in the roll plane, or tilting or translational sensation in the pitch plane without rota-tory vertigo. Majority of patients with these symptoms had absent or decreased responses of oVEMP and/or cVEMP. I proposed that these patients could be diag-nosed as having “idiopathic otolithic vertigo”.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30470560 and 30730041)the National Basic Research Program of China (No.2007CB512306)the Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.KSCX1-YW-R-36)
文摘Objective The macula lagena in birds is located at the apical end of the cochlea and contains many tiny otoliths. The macula lagena is innervated and has neural projections to the brainstem, but its physiological function is still unclear. It remains disputable that it is because otoliths in the lagena are rich in elements Fe and Zn that birds can obtain geomagnetic information for homing. To clarify this issue, we carried out a study to determine whether or not otoliths in the lagena of homing pigeons are richer in magnetic elements than those in the saccule and the utricle. Methods The contents of ferromagnetic elements （Fe, Co, Ni） and other metal elements in lagenal otoliths of adult homing pigeons were precisely analyzed with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （ICP-MS） of high sensitivity, and then they were compared with those in saccular and utricular otoliths （all the contents were normalized to Ca）. Results In adult homing pigeons, the contents of ferromagnetic elements （Fe, Co, Ni） in lagenal otoliths were less than 0.7% （normalized to Ca element） and were the same order in magnitude as those in saccular and utricular otoliths. The content of Fe in lagenal otoliths was not significantly different from that in utricular otoliths and was even lower than that in saccular otoliths. The content of Co in lagenal otoliths was lower than that in saccular otoliths and higher than that in utricular otoliths. The content of Ni in lagenal otoliths was not significantly different from that in saccular otoliths and was higher than that in utricular otoliths. The contents of other metal elements Na, Mg, K, Al, Mn and Pb in lagenal otoliths were not significantly different from those in utricular and saccular otoliths. The contents of metal elements Zn, Ba and Cu in lagenal otoliths were lower than those in saccular otoliths. Conclusion The contents of magnetic elements in lagenal otoliths of homing pigeons are not much higher than those in utricular and saccular otoliths, which does not support the hypothesis that birds depend on high contents of Fe and Zn in lagenal otoliths for sensation of geomagnetic information. Similarities in morphology, element ingredient and element content between lagenal otoliths and utricular otoliths suggest that the two types of otolithic organs may play similar roles in sensing gravitational and acceleration signals.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.31372533China Central Governmental Research Institutional Basic Special Research Project from Public Welfare Fund under contract No.2016PT01the“948”Program of the Ministry of Agriculture under contract No.2014-S6
文摘The migratory history of the engraulid fish Coilia nasus in the Rokkaku and Chikugo River estuaries of the Ariake Sea, Japan was assessed using otolith strontium（Sr） X-ray intensity maps and strontium：calcium（Sr：Ca） ratio life history transects by an electron probe microanalyzer（EPMA）. The results showed that seven of the ten specimens from the Rokkaku River Estuary（LJC） and all 15 specimens collected in the Chikugo River Estuary（ZHC） had low Sr：Ca ratios（≤3） at the central otolith area, indicating their riverine origin and initial freshwater residence. After the first regime shift adjacent to natal regions, the Sr level mapping displayed a wide variety of color patterns, and the Sr：Ca ratios obtained by the line transect analysis could be divided into one to six significantly different phases indicative of gradual life history transition. The other three specimens from the Rokkaku River Estuary had high Sr：Ca ratios（3–6.7） at the central otolith area but showed alternating changes between low and high values outside the natal region, suggesting that estuarine-origin individuals occurred in the Rokkaku River Estuary. The two-dimensional maps of the Sr level and average of the otolith Sr：Ca ratios along the life-history transects could be used as effective tools for reconstruction of past habitat use of the tapertail anchovy in estuaries of the Ariake Sea, Japan.
基金the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-06-0437)Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (No T1101)
文摘Although chub mackerel （Scomberjaponicus） is a primary pelagic fish species, we have only limited knowledge on its key life history processes. The present work studied the age and growth of chub mackerel in the East China and Yellow Seas. Age was determined by interpreting and counting growth rings on the sagitta otoliths of 252 adult fish caught by the Chinese commercial purse seine fleet during the period from November 2006 to January 2007 and 150 juveniles from bottom trawl surveys on the spawning ground in May 2006. The difference between the assumed birth date of 1st April and date of capture was used to adjust the age determined from counting the number of complete translucent rings. The parameters of three commonly used growth models, the von Bertalanffy, Logistic and Gompertz models, were estimated using the maximum likelihood method. Based on the Akaike Information Criterion （AIC）, the yon Bertalanffy growth model was found to be the most appropriate model. The size-at-age and size-at-maturity values were also found to decrease greatly compared with the results achieved in the 1950s, which was caused by heavy exploitation over the last few decades.
基金Supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(No.201003068)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31172447,41176117)
文摘Black rockfish Sebastes schlegelii juveniles （30-40 mm total length） were immersed in a range of calcein （CAL） solutions at concentrations ranging from 50 to 250 mg/L and alizarin red S （ARS） solutions at concentrations ranging from 100 to 500 mg/L in filtered seawater （salinity 30） for 24 h. Fluorescent marks were detected in otoliths （sagittae, asteriscus）, scales, fin rays （dorsal, pectoral, ventral, anal, and caudal fin rays）, and fin spines （dorsal, ventral, and anal fin spines） after a 60-d growth experiment. With the exception of 50-100 rng/L CAL, acceptable marks were produced in the otoliths and fin spines by all concentrations of CAL and ARS. In particular, marks were clearly visible under normal light in the sagittae, asteriscus, and fin spines offish immersed in 200 500 mg/L, 300-500 rag/L, and 200-500 mg/LARS, respectively. Scales and fin rays had acceptable marks at much higher concentrations （≥50 mg/L CAL, ≥300 mg/L ARS for scales and ≥50 mg/L CAL,≥200 mg/L ARS for fin rays）. The mark quality was highest （i.e., acceptable marks were observed in all sampled structures after immersion marking） in fish immersed in 150-250 mg/L CAL or 300-500 mg/LARS. In addition, there was no significant difference in survival and growth of marked fish compared with controls 60 d post-marking （P〉0.05）.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 program) (No.2005CB422306)the National Natural Science Foundation of China under the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups (No.40821004)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No.Y2008D21)
文摘Otolith shape is species specific and is an ideal marker of fish population affiliation. In this study, otolith shape of spottedtail goby Synechogobius ommaturus is used to identify stocks in different spawning locations in the Yellow Sea. The main objectives of this study are to explore the potential existence of local stocks of spottedtail goby in the Yellow Sea by analysis of otolith shape, and to investigate ambient impacts on otolith shape. Spottedtail goby was sampled in five locations in the Yellow Sea in 2007 and 2008. Otoliths are described using variables correlated to size (otolith area, perimeter, length, width, and weight) and shape (rectangularity, circularity, and 20 Fourier harmonics). Only standardized otolith variables are used so that the effect of otolith size on the shape variables could be eliminated. There is no significant difference among variables of sex, year, and side (left and right). However, the otolith shapes of the spring stocks and the autumn stocks differ significantly. Otolith shape differences are greater among locations than between years. Correct classification rate of spottedtail goby with the otolith shape at different sampling locations range from 29.7%–77.4%.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.31602159the Agricultural Finance Special Project under contract No.CJDC-2017-22the Scientific Research Foundation of Wuxi City for Returned Oversea Chinese Scholars under contract No.CZ2019231400.
文摘The estuarine tapertail anchovy(Coilia nasus)is a high-value commercial fish.Estimating the spawning site or hatchery origin and habitat is essential for its conservation.This study aimed to determine the habitat use and life history characteristics of C.nasus from the Changjiang River Estuary.We investigated the environmental signatures of strontium(Sr)and calcium(Ca)in the otoliths of the collected specimens using electron probe microanalysis;additionally,we examined their gonadal maturity stage.Our results indicate that the 31 adult C.nasus specimens used in this study could be classified into two types based on their otolith Sr:Ca concentration ratios and their gonadal maturity stage.The long freshwater early life history type(Type LF)had wider central region in the otolith with low Sr:Ca concentration ratios ranging from 1.24±0.62 to 1.92±0.78 and a bluish pattern of low Sr content level.These fish are of riverine origin and had a relatively long early life history in freshwater and low gonadal maturation when captured.The short freshwater early life history type(Type SF)had a shorter central region in the otolith with low Sr:Ca concentration ratios ranging from 1.35±0.5 to 2.82±0.97 and a correspondingly bluish pattern.These fish also had a relatively short-term early life history in freshwater and high gonadal maturation when captured.The results of the otolith microchemical analysis indicated that Type LF and Type SF originated in spawning/hatching sites far from and close to the estuary,respectively.The mature gonads of Type SF fish indicated that they may breed in areas close to the estuary,whereas the immature gonads of Type LF fish indicated that they may breed in areas far from the estuary.This study is the first to reveal that the Changjiang River Estuary contains stocks of anadromous C.nasus originating in different spawning sites during the same season.The estuarine habitat plays a critical role in the connectivity between freshwater recruitment and the marine resources available to adult spawners of this commercially valued species.From a conservation perspective,this study provides important information for identifying anadromous C.nasus stocks originating in different spawning sites in the Changjiang River Basin.
基金The China Central Governmental Research Institutional Basic Special Research Project from Public Welfare Fund under contract No.2016PT01the Open Project for Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Research Exploitation&Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture under contract No.FREU2015-07+2 种基金the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Based Research Fund,Freshwater Fisheries Research Center,CAFS under contract No.2017JBFR02the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.31602159the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China under contract No.BK20160204
文摘Habitat use of the tapertail anchovy(Coilia mystus Linnaeus, 1758) from the Oujiang River Estuary and the Zhujiang(Pearl) River Estuary was studied by examining the environmental signatures of Sr and Ca in otoliths using electron probe microanalysis. Individuals from the Oujiang River had higher and varied Sr:Ca ratios(expressed as(Sr:Ca)×1 000, 3.83–13.0 average) in the otolith core regions, suggesting that they were born in brackish or sea waters, and that a freshwater habitat might not be necessary for egg hatching and larval growth.While, individuals from the Zhujiang River had lower Sr:Ca ratios(0.39–2.51 average) in the core regions,suggesting a freshwater origin. After hatching, anchovies from the Zhujiang River migrate downstream to the river estuary close to brackish water. Our results demonstrated varied habitat use for spawning during stages of early life history between the two populations, and suggested that such variations are promoting diversity of life history strategies of this species.
基金Supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.201562030)
文摘The geographical variations in life history characteristics of small yellow croaker Larimichthys polyactis, caused by experienced different environmental conditions, have been observed in China seas. Previous studies based on spatial distribution, migration route, and body morphometrics suggested a complex stock structure. In this study, to clarify the source of a spawning stock, we investigated the reproduction strategy and inter-structure of the Haizhou Bay (HZB) spawning stock in the middle Yellow Sea from both egg survey and adult otolith increment analysis. Egg and adult samples were collected from three surveys during spawning season in 2013. Distinct spatial and temporal variations were detected in egg distribution and size, and otolith shape analysis of adult fishes revealed two morphotypes with different increment growth using random forest cluster. The results indicate the existence of two components within the same spawning stock in HZB from different wintering grounds, and accordingly special protection should be required for this stock given the significance to maintain connectivity between adjacent subpopulations.
基金The National Basic Research Program(973 Program)of China under contract Nos 2015CB453300 and 2010CB428900
文摘Oxygen and carbon isotope ratios（δ^（18）O and δ^（13）C） in otoliths were used to identify the stock structure of small yellow croaker,Larimichthys polyactis.Otoliths were collected from fish at five locations across the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea representing most of their distributional range and fisheries areas.The significant differences in the isotopic signatures showed that the five locations could be chemically distinguished and clearly separated,indicating stock subdivision.Correlation of δ^（18）O and δ^（13）C values suggested that population of L.polyactis could be divided into the Bohai Sea group,the southern Yellow Sea group and the central Yellow Sea group.Discriminant analysis of δ^（18）O and δ^（13）C values demonstrated a high significant difference with 85.7% classification accuracy.The spatial separation of L.polyactis indicated a complex stock structure across the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea.These results indicate that optimal fisheries management may require a comprehensive consideration on the current spatial arrangements.This study has provided further evidence that measurement of the stable isotopes ratios in otolith can be a valuable tool in the delineation of fishery management units.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30771653)Bureau of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture
文摘The relation between otolith weight (OW) and the age of marine fish is studied. A total of 222 individuals of bighead white croaker, Pennahia macrocephalus were sampled seasonally in the mouth of the Beibu Gulf, the South China Sea, in 2007. Since there are no significant differences in sagittal OW between otolith in pairs (P≥0.05), the undamaged left sagittal otolith is used for age determination. The highest correlations among standard length, OW and fish ages are confirmed by linear, exponential and multinomial regression. Results show that sagittal OW overlaps only occasionally among age groups, and to individuals with similar standard length, the older and slower-growing fish has a heavier otolith because of the continued otolith material deposition. There are differences in sagittal OW among different age groups and significant positive linear relationship with age (P<0.05). The age readings can be verified by plotting the sagittal OW versus the standard length for age groups, and the individuals with similar standard length but in different ages can be separated by sagittal OW frequency analysis. Mostly, the predicted ages using the regression between sagittal OW and ages are closed to the observed ages by counting annulus on scale. It indicates that the sagittal OW analysis is a useful technique for validating the accuracy of age determination by annuli counts, especially for individuals of similar size. Furthermore, the technique is applied for Pennahia macrocephalus with discussion in this paper.
基金Supported by the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest(No.201003068)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31172447,41176117)
文摘We tested the utility of chemical marking techniques in the juvenile black rockfish Sebastes schlegelii. Juveniles （30-40 mm total length） were immersed in a range of tetracycline hydrochloride （TC） solutions at concentrations ranging from 300 to 500 mg/L, and alizarin complexone （ALC） solutions at concentrations ranging from 200 to 400 mg/L in filtered sea water （salinity of 30） for 24 h, respectively. Otoliths （sagittae, asteriscus）, scales, fin rays （dorsal, pectoral, ventral, anal, and caudal fin rays）, and fin spines （dorsal, ventral, and anal fin spines） were sampled and used to detect fluorescent marks after a 60-day growth experiment. With the exception of 300 mg/L TC, acceptable marks were produced in the otoliths and fin spines by all concentrations of TC and ALC. In particular, we observed clearly visible marks in the sagittae, asteriscus, and fin spines under normal light at concentrations of200~00 mg/L, 250-400 mg/L, and 250-400 mg/L ALC, respectively. Scales and fin rays had acceptable marks at much higher concentrations （_〉350 mg/L TC, 〉250 mg/L ALC for scales and _〉350 mg/L TC, 〉300 mg/L ALC for fin rays）. The best mark quality （i.e., acceptable marks were observed in all sampled structures after immersion marking） were obtained following immersion in TC at between 350-500 rag/L, and ALC between 300-400 mg/L. In addition, there was no significant difference in survival and growth of TC and ALC marked fish compared to their controls up to 60 days post-marking （P〉0.05）.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30771653)the program Fish Stock Investigation and Assessment of Beibu Gulf,Ministry of Agriculture,P R China (0509109)
文摘Age and growth characteristics of crimson sea bream Paragyrops edita Tanaka in Beibu Gulf were studied through bottom trawling and gillnet fleets fishing from July 2006 to December 2007. A total number of 1155 individuals, ranging from 49 to 249mm in standard length was examined. The age of the fish was determined from sagittal otoliths. One year growth was made up of one translucent and one opaque zone. A maximum likelihood estimation procedure was used to fit the Von Bertalanffy, Logistic and Gompertz growth functions to the length-at-age data. ARSS indicated that there were no significant differences in growth between sexes in the three growth models （P〉0.05）, and the Von Bertalanffy growth function Lr=292.8{1 cxp[-0.167（t＋1.l16）]} was selected as the most appropriate growth model according to Akaike＇s information criterion （AIC）.
