Objectives:Hearing loss is a worldwide disease.In 50%of the patients,hearing loss is caused by genetic problems associated with GJB2,MTRNR1,SLC26A4,and other genes.Considering the recent development and cost reduction...Objectives:Hearing loss is a worldwide disease.In 50%of the patients,hearing loss is caused by genetic problems associated with GJB2,MTRNR1,SLC26A4,and other genes.Considering the recent development and cost reduction of whole-exome sequencing,it is possible to filter out the normal genes and find which among the more novel genes contributed to the loss of hearing.Methods:After prescreening all individuals for GJB2,MTRNR1 and SLC26A4 mutations,whole-exome sequencing was performed in the proband,and the pathogenic variant was confirmed via Sanger sequencing.Results:The compound-heterozygous variant namely c.8076G>C:p.E2692D and c.6362T>C:p.V2121A in OTOG was identified as a candidate gene of a consanguineous Kazakh family.Conclusion:This is the first reported case of severe deafness caused by an OTOG compound-heterozygous variant in the world and the first case of deafness caused by an OTOG variant in China.This discovery identified the important contribution of OTOG toward deafness and expanded the spectrum of variants responsible for human hearing loss.展开更多
An incomplete postcranial avian skeleton is described from the Lower Cretaceous Jingchuan Formation of Otog Banner of western Inner Mongolia and referred to a new species of Cathayornis, C. chabuensis sp. nov. This is...An incomplete postcranial avian skeleton is described from the Lower Cretaceous Jingchuan Formation of Otog Banner of western Inner Mongolia and referred to a new species of Cathayornis, C. chabuensis sp. nov. This is the first report of a Cathayornis from outside Liaoning Province. The new discovery indicates that Cathayornis coexisted with Otogornis genghisi, and a more detailed comparison between these two enantiornithine genera shows that Otogornis represents a more primitive genus than Cathayornis. Our analyses further indicate that Cathayornis is an arboreal bird. The discovery of a Cathayornis from this region also confirms that the avian fossil-bearing Jingchuan Formation is comparable to the Jiufotang Formation of the upper Jehol Group in western Liaoning, and should be referred to the middle-late Early Cretaceous.展开更多
牧区合理载畜量的确定是进行草畜平衡评价的核心工作之一,对指导牧区经济、社会和生态环境的可持续发展具有重要意义。中国西北干旱风沙草原受不合理放牧的影响,草地退化、沙化、盐碱化问题突出,为保护草原生态系统而实施的季节性间歇...牧区合理载畜量的确定是进行草畜平衡评价的核心工作之一,对指导牧区经济、社会和生态环境的可持续发展具有重要意义。中国西北干旱风沙草原受不合理放牧的影响,草地退化、沙化、盐碱化问题突出,为保护草原生态系统而实施的季节性间歇放牧制度使得牧区草畜供需关系进一步复杂化,牧区合理载畜量的确定缺乏有效的计算方法,草畜平衡评价的指导意义不强。该研究选取鄂托克旗牧区作为典型研究区,引入载畜量年内波动系数和草地生产力丰平枯系数2个动态参数,构建了一种基于改进关键场的牧区合理载畜量计算方法,并结合草畜平衡指数(Balance of Grassland and LivestockIndex,BGLI)对鄂托克旗牧区的草畜平衡状况进行了分析。结果表明,干旱风沙草原牧区草畜供需过程非一致性显著,牧业年度内形成了包含5个子过程的动态周期;改进关键场方法充分考虑了这一供需节律匹配关系,对传统和关键场方法进行了改进和完善,其在干旱风沙草原牧区合理载畜量计算中更具适用性,合理载畜量计算结果表明牧区各分区的冷季草场占比过高,现状年桌子山及山前平原分区、都斯图流域分区以及内流河分区的全年合理载畜量分别为8.60、53.49和27.66万羊单位;基于改进关键场方法对鄂托克旗牧区进行草畜平衡评价可知,现状年内流河分区超载最为严重,牧区各草场及全年的BGLI值均在105%左右,桌子山及山前平原分区次之,均在40%以上,而都斯图流域分区草畜平衡状况相对良好。展开更多
鄂托克因为在下白垩统地层中发现了大量的恐龙足迹和鸟类足迹而闻名于世。这些足迹的数量和规模在中国首屈一指，不仅数量众多、种类丰富、分布广泛，而且时间跨度大，呈多层位分布在地层中。这给研究恐龙的演化、恐龙的迁徙提供了充分...鄂托克因为在下白垩统地层中发现了大量的恐龙足迹和鸟类足迹而闻名于世。这些足迹的数量和规模在中国首屈一指，不仅数量众多、种类丰富、分布广泛，而且时间跨度大，呈多层位分布在地层中。这给研究恐龙的演化、恐龙的迁徙提供了充分的资料。目前，在鄂托克查布地区已经发现了16个恐龙足迹化石点。其中，6号点和8号点分别（Lockley et a1．（2002）和李建军等（2006）进行了详细描述，包含了大小不同的同种蜥脚类足迹和至少两种兽脚类恐龙足迹，其中洛克里查布足迹（Chapus lockleyiLi et a1．2006）是在鄂托克查布地区识别出的新类型，属首次发现。另外，伯德雷龙足迹（Brontopodus birdi Farlow et a1．1989）和亚洲足迹（Asianopodus Matsukawa et a1．2005）也是在内蒙古地区首次发现。内蒙古博物馆科研人员和日本学者Yoichi AZUMA合作于1984年对7号点进行详细测量和发掘，描述文章直到2006年才发表，没有命名新类型（Azuma et a1．，2006）。对于其他各足迹化石点来说，除了绘制了足迹分布图以外，其他的研究工作还很少发表。本文是对上述工作的补充。其中，15号点和1号点，4号点及5号点发现了大量的小型兽脚类恐龙足迹和精美的鸟类足迹，兽脚类足迹类似于小型跷脚类足迹（Grallator），鸟类足迹不同于所有已经命名的种属，应属于新类型。这些足迹的发现表明，鄂托克地区早白垩世中晚期的动物群是以蜥臀类恐龙和鸟类为主。本文对这些鸟类足迹和小型兽脚类足迹进行了详细描述。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81560166).
文摘Objectives:Hearing loss is a worldwide disease.In 50%of the patients,hearing loss is caused by genetic problems associated with GJB2,MTRNR1,SLC26A4,and other genes.Considering the recent development and cost reduction of whole-exome sequencing,it is possible to filter out the normal genes and find which among the more novel genes contributed to the loss of hearing.Methods:After prescreening all individuals for GJB2,MTRNR1 and SLC26A4 mutations,whole-exome sequencing was performed in the proband,and the pathogenic variant was confirmed via Sanger sequencing.Results:The compound-heterozygous variant namely c.8076G>C:p.E2692D and c.6362T>C:p.V2121A in OTOG was identified as a candidate gene of a consanguineous Kazakh family.Conclusion:This is the first reported case of severe deafness caused by an OTOG compound-heterozygous variant in the world and the first case of deafness caused by an OTOG variant in China.This discovery identified the important contribution of OTOG toward deafness and expanded the spectrum of variants responsible for human hearing loss.
基金Supported by the Major Basic Research Projects(2006CB806400)of MST of China,the Chinese Academy of Sciences(kzcx3-sw-142)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(40121202)
文摘An incomplete postcranial avian skeleton is described from the Lower Cretaceous Jingchuan Formation of Otog Banner of western Inner Mongolia and referred to a new species of Cathayornis, C. chabuensis sp. nov. This is the first report of a Cathayornis from outside Liaoning Province. The new discovery indicates that Cathayornis coexisted with Otogornis genghisi, and a more detailed comparison between these two enantiornithine genera shows that Otogornis represents a more primitive genus than Cathayornis. Our analyses further indicate that Cathayornis is an arboreal bird. The discovery of a Cathayornis from this region also confirms that the avian fossil-bearing Jingchuan Formation is comparable to the Jiufotang Formation of the upper Jehol Group in western Liaoning, and should be referred to the middle-late Early Cretaceous.
文摘牧区合理载畜量的确定是进行草畜平衡评价的核心工作之一,对指导牧区经济、社会和生态环境的可持续发展具有重要意义。中国西北干旱风沙草原受不合理放牧的影响,草地退化、沙化、盐碱化问题突出,为保护草原生态系统而实施的季节性间歇放牧制度使得牧区草畜供需关系进一步复杂化,牧区合理载畜量的确定缺乏有效的计算方法,草畜平衡评价的指导意义不强。该研究选取鄂托克旗牧区作为典型研究区,引入载畜量年内波动系数和草地生产力丰平枯系数2个动态参数,构建了一种基于改进关键场的牧区合理载畜量计算方法,并结合草畜平衡指数(Balance of Grassland and LivestockIndex,BGLI)对鄂托克旗牧区的草畜平衡状况进行了分析。结果表明,干旱风沙草原牧区草畜供需过程非一致性显著,牧业年度内形成了包含5个子过程的动态周期;改进关键场方法充分考虑了这一供需节律匹配关系,对传统和关键场方法进行了改进和完善,其在干旱风沙草原牧区合理载畜量计算中更具适用性,合理载畜量计算结果表明牧区各分区的冷季草场占比过高,现状年桌子山及山前平原分区、都斯图流域分区以及内流河分区的全年合理载畜量分别为8.60、53.49和27.66万羊单位;基于改进关键场方法对鄂托克旗牧区进行草畜平衡评价可知,现状年内流河分区超载最为严重,牧区各草场及全年的BGLI值均在105%左右,桌子山及山前平原分区次之,均在40%以上,而都斯图流域分区草畜平衡状况相对良好。
文摘鄂托克因为在下白垩统地层中发现了大量的恐龙足迹和鸟类足迹而闻名于世。这些足迹的数量和规模在中国首屈一指，不仅数量众多、种类丰富、分布广泛，而且时间跨度大，呈多层位分布在地层中。这给研究恐龙的演化、恐龙的迁徙提供了充分的资料。目前，在鄂托克查布地区已经发现了16个恐龙足迹化石点。其中，6号点和8号点分别（Lockley et a1．（2002）和李建军等（2006）进行了详细描述，包含了大小不同的同种蜥脚类足迹和至少两种兽脚类恐龙足迹，其中洛克里查布足迹（Chapus lockleyiLi et a1．2006）是在鄂托克查布地区识别出的新类型，属首次发现。另外，伯德雷龙足迹（Brontopodus birdi Farlow et a1．1989）和亚洲足迹（Asianopodus Matsukawa et a1．2005）也是在内蒙古地区首次发现。内蒙古博物馆科研人员和日本学者Yoichi AZUMA合作于1984年对7号点进行详细测量和发掘，描述文章直到2006年才发表，没有命名新类型（Azuma et a1．，2006）。对于其他各足迹化石点来说，除了绘制了足迹分布图以外，其他的研究工作还很少发表。本文是对上述工作的补充。其中，15号点和1号点，4号点及5号点发现了大量的小型兽脚类恐龙足迹和精美的鸟类足迹，兽脚类足迹类似于小型跷脚类足迹（Grallator），鸟类足迹不同于所有已经命名的种属，应属于新类型。这些足迹的发现表明，鄂托克地区早白垩世中晚期的动物群是以蜥臀类恐龙和鸟类为主。本文对这些鸟类足迹和小型兽脚类足迹进行了详细描述。
