The Great Bustard(Otis tarda) world population is estimated to be 44100–57000 individuals in 2010,of which about 57–70% occur in Spain,15–25% in European Russia,4–10% in China,Mongolia and south-eastern Russia,3–...The Great Bustard(Otis tarda) world population is estimated to be 44100–57000 individuals in 2010,of which about 57–70% occur in Spain,15–25% in European Russia,4–10% in China,Mongolia and south-eastern Russia,3–4% in Portugal,3% in Hungary,1–2% in Turkey,and smaller numbers in ten other countries.The reliability of current censuses and estimates may be described as high for a large fraction of the world population(67–75%),and low for the remain-ing 25–33%(including Russia,Mongolia,China,Turkey,Ukraine,Iran and Kazakhstan).In spite of continued declines reported for some countries(e.g.,Turkey,Iran,China) ,the present survey suggests that total numbers have not significantly decreased worldwide during the last decade,as opposed to the globally declining trend currently assumed.This is due to a large fraction of the world total living in countries whose overall surveys are apparently stable(e.g.,Spain,Portugal),after a noticeable recovery during the last few decades once the hunting ban was established.Only 6–10% of the world total is apparently still decreasing,mostly due to agricultural intensification,other causes of habitat degradation,and locally,also illegal hunting and collision with power lines.A small fraction of the world population(3–4%),is clearly(Germany,Austria) or apparently(Hungary) increasing,due to management and conservation measures.Finally,19–22% of the world total has an uncertain status,due to inaccurate current or past censuses which prevent establishing reliable population trends.We recommend 1)keeping conservation efforts and the species’protection status worldwide,and 2)carrying out urgently nation-wide surveys in countries with low quality estimates,in order to confirm world numbers and trends.展开更多
A trial of artificial incubation to great bustard (Otis tarda ) egg was conducted from 1995 to 1997.Among the 45 collected eggs, 28 eggs were fertilized and 26 hatched, with fertilizing rate 62.2% and incubation rate ...A trial of artificial incubation to great bustard (Otis tarda ) egg was conducted from 1995 to 1997.Among the 45 collected eggs, 28 eggs were fertilized and 26 hatched, with fertilizing rate 62.2% and incubation rate 92.85%. The mean Incubation-days for great bustard egg was confirmed as 24.4(21-28 days) with the formula for caculating fresh egg weight (W=KwLB2) and that for counting the incubated days by parents birds in field (ld=24(w-y)/0.144y). The proper incubation temperature and relative humidity were 36-37.8℃ and 50-65%.respectively. The egg weights and egg size average 130.45 g and 77.411.42 × 55.5 ± 0.65-mm respectively. The total weight loss of egg was 18.38±0.646 g, daily weight loss 0.748±0.071g in the incubation time. with a weight loss rate of 13.6±1 .02%. A linear regression equation to discribe the relationship between the egg weight and incubation days, was built, y=130.73-0.619± (x--incubation day, y--egg weight). r=-0.978. Twenty-eight hours were nassassary for great bustard embryo to complete the fledging when the were put in gas room. The mean weight of fledglings was 86.3±3.29 g(n=26).展开更多
It is difficult to imagine that many of the modern buildings in China adopt elevators produced by the Tianjin Otis Elevator Co., Ltd.——one of the 500 largest foreign-funded enterprises nationwide and ranking 27th am...It is difficult to imagine that many of the modern buildings in China adopt elevators produced by the Tianjin Otis Elevator Co., Ltd.——one of the 500 largest foreign-funded enterprises nationwide and ranking 27th among the 100 largest machinery enterprises. It is also the largest foreign-funded enterprise in Tianjin. Founded in February 1984,展开更多
The OTIS lift was the first product to obtain ISO9001 international authentication in China’s lift industry. Its producer—the Tianjin OTIS Lift Co. Ltd., is among the top ten enterprises in China’s machinery indust...The OTIS lift was the first product to obtain ISO9001 international authentication in China’s lift industry. Its producer—the Tianjin OTIS Lift Co. Ltd., is among the top ten enterprises in China’s machinery industry and one of China’s ten best joint venture enterprises.展开更多
基金provided by project CGL2008-02567 of the Dirección General de Investigación
文摘The Great Bustard(Otis tarda) world population is estimated to be 44100–57000 individuals in 2010,of which about 57–70% occur in Spain,15–25% in European Russia,4–10% in China,Mongolia and south-eastern Russia,3–4% in Portugal,3% in Hungary,1–2% in Turkey,and smaller numbers in ten other countries.The reliability of current censuses and estimates may be described as high for a large fraction of the world population(67–75%),and low for the remain-ing 25–33%(including Russia,Mongolia,China,Turkey,Ukraine,Iran and Kazakhstan).In spite of continued declines reported for some countries(e.g.,Turkey,Iran,China) ,the present survey suggests that total numbers have not significantly decreased worldwide during the last decade,as opposed to the globally declining trend currently assumed.This is due to a large fraction of the world total living in countries whose overall surveys are apparently stable(e.g.,Spain,Portugal),after a noticeable recovery during the last few decades once the hunting ban was established.Only 6–10% of the world total is apparently still decreasing,mostly due to agricultural intensification,other causes of habitat degradation,and locally,also illegal hunting and collision with power lines.A small fraction of the world population(3–4%),is clearly(Germany,Austria) or apparently(Hungary) increasing,due to management and conservation measures.Finally,19–22% of the world total has an uncertain status,due to inaccurate current or past censuses which prevent establishing reliable population trends.We recommend 1)keeping conservation efforts and the species’protection status worldwide,and 2)carrying out urgently nation-wide surveys in countries with low quality estimates,in order to confirm world numbers and trends.
文摘A trial of artificial incubation to great bustard (Otis tarda ) egg was conducted from 1995 to 1997.Among the 45 collected eggs, 28 eggs were fertilized and 26 hatched, with fertilizing rate 62.2% and incubation rate 92.85%. The mean Incubation-days for great bustard egg was confirmed as 24.4(21-28 days) with the formula for caculating fresh egg weight (W=KwLB2) and that for counting the incubated days by parents birds in field (ld=24(w-y)/0.144y). The proper incubation temperature and relative humidity were 36-37.8℃ and 50-65%.respectively. The egg weights and egg size average 130.45 g and 77.411.42 × 55.5 ± 0.65-mm respectively. The total weight loss of egg was 18.38±0.646 g, daily weight loss 0.748±0.071g in the incubation time. with a weight loss rate of 13.6±1 .02%. A linear regression equation to discribe the relationship between the egg weight and incubation days, was built, y=130.73-0.619± (x--incubation day, y--egg weight). r=-0.978. Twenty-eight hours were nassassary for great bustard embryo to complete the fledging when the were put in gas room. The mean weight of fledglings was 86.3±3.29 g(n=26).
文摘It is difficult to imagine that many of the modern buildings in China adopt elevators produced by the Tianjin Otis Elevator Co., Ltd.——one of the 500 largest foreign-funded enterprises nationwide and ranking 27th among the 100 largest machinery enterprises. It is also the largest foreign-funded enterprise in Tianjin. Founded in February 1984,
文摘The OTIS lift was the first product to obtain ISO9001 international authentication in China’s lift industry. Its producer—the Tianjin OTIS Lift Co. Ltd., is among the top ten enterprises in China’s machinery industry and one of China’s ten best joint venture enterprises.
