The prevalence of Class Ⅲ malocclusion varies among different countries and regions. The populations from Southeast Asian countries (Chinese and Malaysian) showed the highest prevalence rate of 15.8%, which can serio...The prevalence of Class Ⅲ malocclusion varies among different countries and regions. The populations from Southeast Asian countries (Chinese and Malaysian) showed the highest prevalence rate of 15.8%, which can seriously affect oral function, facial appearance, and mental health. As anterior crossbite tends to worsen with growth, early orthodontic treatment can harness growth potential to normalize maxillofacial development or reduce skeletal malformation severity, thereby reducing the difficulty and shortening the treatment cycle of later-stage treatment. This is beneficial for the physical and mental growth of children. Therefore,early orthodontic treatment for Class Ⅲ malocclusion is particularly important. Determining the optimal timing for early orthodontic treatment requires a comprehensive assessment of clinical manifestations, dental age, and skeletal age, and can lead to better results with less effort. Currently, standardized treatment guidelines for early orthodontic treatment of Class Ⅲ malocclusion are lacking. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the etiology, clinical manifestations, classification, and early orthodontic techniques for Class Ⅲ malocclusion, along with systematic discussions on selecting early treatment plans. The purpose of this expert consensus is to standardize clinical practices and improve the treatment outcomes of Class Ⅲ malocclusion through early orthodontic treatment.展开更多
Clear aligner treatment is a novel technique in current orthodontic practice.Distinct from traditional fixed orthodontic appliances,clear aligners have different material features and biomechanical characteristics and...Clear aligner treatment is a novel technique in current orthodontic practice.Distinct from traditional fixed orthodontic appliances,clear aligners have different material features and biomechanical characteristics and treatment efficiencies,presenting new clinical challenges.Therefore,a comprehensive and systematic description of the key clinical aspects of clear aligner treatment is essential to enhance treatment efficacy and facilitate the advancement and wide adoption of this new technique.This expert consensus discusses case selection and grading of treatment difficulty,principle of clear aligner therapy,clinical procedures and potential complications,which are crucial to the clinical success of clear aligner treatment.展开更多
Enamel demineralization,the formation of white spot lesions,is a common issue in clinical orthodontic treatment.The appearance of white spot lesions not only affects the texture and health of dental hard tissues but a...Enamel demineralization,the formation of white spot lesions,is a common issue in clinical orthodontic treatment.The appearance of white spot lesions not only affects the texture and health of dental hard tissues but also impacts the health and aesthetics of teeth after orthodontic treatment.The prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of white spot lesions that occur throughout the orthodontic treatment process involve multiple dental specialties.This expert consensus will focus on providing guiding opinions on the management and prevention of white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment,advocating for proactive prevention,early detection,timely treatment,scientific follow-up,and multidisciplinary management of white spot lesions throughout the orthodontic process,thereby maintaining the dental health of patients during orthodontic treatment.展开更多
Patients with periodontal disease often require combined periodontal-orthodontic interventions to restore periodontal health,function,and aesthetics,ensuring both patient satisfaction and long-term stability.Managing ...Patients with periodontal disease often require combined periodontal-orthodontic interventions to restore periodontal health,function,and aesthetics,ensuring both patient satisfaction and long-term stability.Managing these patients involving orthodontic tooth movement can be particularly challenging due to compromised periodontal soft and hard tissues,especially in severe cases.Therefore,close collaboration between orthodontists and periodontists for comprehensive diagnosis and sequential treatment,along with diligent patient compliance throughout the entire process,is crucial for achieving favorable treatment outcomes.Moreover,long-term orthodontic retention and periodontal follow-up are essential to sustain treatment success.This expert consensus,informed by the latest clinical research and practical experience,addresses clinical considerations for orthodontic treatment of periodontal patients,delineating indications,objectives,procedures,and principles with the aim of providing clear and practical guidance for clinical practitioners.展开更多
Low-level laser therapy(LLLT) may have an effect on the pain associated with orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of LLLT on pain and somatosensory sensitization induced by orthodont...Low-level laser therapy(LLLT) may have an effect on the pain associated with orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of LLLT on pain and somatosensory sensitization induced by orthodontic treatment. Forty individuals(12–33 years old; mean ± standard deviations: 20.8 ± 5.9 years) scheduled to receive orthodontic treatment were randomly divided into a laser group(LG) or a placebo group(PG)(1:1). The LG received LLLT(810-nm gallium-aluminium-arsenic diode laser in continuous mode with the power set at 400 mW, 2 J·cm–2) at 0 h, 2 h, 24 h, 4 d, and 7 d after treatment, and the PG received inactive treatment at the same time points. In both groups, the non-treated side served as a control. A numerical rating scale(NRS) of pain, pressure pain thresholds(PPTs), cold detection thresholds(CDTs), warmth detection thresholds(WDTs), cold pain thresholds(CPTs), and heat pain thresholds(HPTs) were tested on both sides at the gingiva and canine tooth and on the hand. The data were analysed by a repeated measures analysis of variance(ANOVA). The NRS pain scores were significantly lower in the LG group(P = 0.01). The CDTs,CPTs, WDTs, HPTs, and PPTs at the gingiva and the PPTs at the canine tooth were significantly less sensitive on the treatment side of the LG compared with that of the PG(P < 0.033). The parameters tested also showed significantly less sensitivity on the nontreatment side of the LG compared to that of the PG(P < 0.043). There were no differences between the groups for any quantitative sensory testing(QST) measures of the hand. The application of LLLT appears to reduce the pain and sensitivity of the tooth and gingiva associated with orthodontic treatment and may have contralateral effects within the trigeminal system but no generalized QST effects. Thus, the present study indicated a significant analgesia effect of LLLT application during orthodontic treatment.Further clinical applications are suggested.展开更多
Artificial intelligence(AI)has been utilized in soft-tissue analysis and prediction in orthodontic treatment planning,although its reliability has not been systematically assessed.This scoping review was conducted to ...Artificial intelligence(AI)has been utilized in soft-tissue analysis and prediction in orthodontic treatment planning,although its reliability has not been systematically assessed.This scoping review was conducted to outline the development of AI in terms of predicting soft-tissue changes after orthodontic treatment,as well as to comprehensively evaluate its prediction accuracy.Six electronic databases(PubMed,EBSCOhost,Web of Science,Embase,Cochrane Library,and Scopus)were searched up to March 14,2023.Clinical studies investigating the performance of AI-based systems in predicting post-orthodontic soft-tissue alterations were included.The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2(QUADAS-2)and Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI)appraisal checklist for diagnostic test accuracy studies were applied to assess risk of bias,while the Grading of Recommendation,Assessment,Development,and Evaluation(GRADE)assessment was conducted to evaluate the certainty of outcomes.After screening 2500 studies,four non-randomized clinical trials were finally included for full-text evaluation.We found a low level of evidence indicating an estimated high overall accuracy of AI-generated prediction,whereas the lower lip and chin seemed to be the least predictable regions.Furthermore,the facial morphology simulated by AI via the fusion of multimodality images was considered to be reasonably true.Since all of the included studies that were not randomized clinical trials(non-RCTs)showed a moderate to high risk of bias,more well-designed clinical trials with sufficient sample size are needed in future work.展开更多
This study aimed to assess the reliability of experienced Chinese orthodontists in evaluating treatment outcome and to determine the correlations between three diagnostic information sources. Sixty-nine experienced Ch...This study aimed to assess the reliability of experienced Chinese orthodontists in evaluating treatment outcome and to determine the correlations between three diagnostic information sources. Sixty-nine experienced Chinese orthodontic specialists each evaluated the outcome of orthodontic treatment of 108 Chinese patients. Three different information sources： study casts （SC）, lateral cephalometric X-ray images （LX） and facial photographs （PH） were generated at the end of treatment for 108 patients selected randomly from six orthodontic treatment centers throughout China. Six different assessments of treatment outcome were made by each orthodontist using data from the three information sources separately and in combination. Each assessment included both ranking and grading for each patient. The rankings of each of the 69 judges for the 108 patients were correlated with the rankings of each of the other judges yielding 13 873 Spearman rs values, ranging from -0.08 to ＋0.85. Of these, 90% were greater than 0.4, showing moderate-to-high consistency among the 69 orthodontists. In the combined evaluations, study casts were the most significant predictive component （R2=0.86, P〈0.000 1）, while the inclusion of lateral cephalometric films and facial photographs also contributed to a more comprehensive assessment （R2=0.96, P〈0.000 1）. Grading scores for SC＋LX and SC＋PH were highly significantly correlated with those for SC＋LX＋PH （r（SC＋LX）vs.（SC＋LX＋PH）=0.96, r（SC＋PH）vs.（SC＋LX＋PH）=0.97）, showing that either SC＋LX or SC＋PH is an excellent substitute for all three combined assessment,展开更多
Condylar hyperplasia(CH)of human temporomandibular joint(TMJ)often occurs unilaterally,and causes occlusal disturbance and facial asymmetry.The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of high condylectomy wit...Condylar hyperplasia(CH)of human temporomandibular joint(TMJ)often occurs unilaterally,and causes occlusal disturbance and facial asymmetry.The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of high condylectomy with and without postsurgical orthodontic treatment.Forty patients were diagnosed as having active CH and treated with high condylectomy.Patients in group A(n=24)took the postsurgical orthodontic therapy immediately after surgery,and those in group B(n=16)did not take orthodontic therapy.For both groups,the mandibular ramus height on the affected side was decreased significantly after surgery.Orthodontic treatment promoted maxillary alveolar remodeling significantly by depressing alveolar bone of the affected side and increasing alveolar bone of the nonaffected side.Better improvement for facial midline deviations was observed in group A than in group B.In both groups,the condylar remodeling was observed and manifested by the smoothening of condylar surface and returning of condyle to normal position in glenoid fossa.It was concluded that high condylectomy in the treatment of active CH of TMJ improved the functional occlusion and facial aesthetic.Postsurgical orthodontic therapy could more effectively enhance maxillary alveolar and condylar remodeling,and more rapidly and meticulously establish the stable occlusal and normal position of condyle than the spontaneous remodeling.展开更多
Aim The aim of this survey was to compare Chinese natives and foreign inhabitants in Chengdu, China, with respect to： （1） attitudes towards dental appearance, （2） subjective orthodontic treatment need, and （3） ...Aim The aim of this survey was to compare Chinese natives and foreign inhabitants in Chengdu, China, with respect to： （1） attitudes towards dental appearance, （2） subjective orthodontic treatment need, and （3） the main factors influencing orthodontic treatment need. Methodology A total of 522 subjects, including 227 foreign inhabitants and 295 Chinese natives in Chengdu participated in the survey. A simple random sampling method was adopted and a face-to-face interview was conducted at some public sites using a questionnaire. Data was entered by two persons synchronously using Epidata 3.0, and SPSS 13.0 was used to analyze these data. Results 89.0% of foreign inhabitants were satisfied with their teeth compared to only 46.8% of Chinese natives. Females were more dissatisfied with their teeth than males. Chinese natives put improving appearance as the top priority （55.9%） for seeking orthodontic treatment; however, in foreign inhabitants, the main reason for seeking treatment was to improve masticatory function（44.1%）, followed by ＂to be pretty＂ （35.2%）. The importance of well-aligned teeth and self-perception of psychosocial impact of malocclusion were the same two main factors influencing subjective orthodontic treatment need （P〈0.05） in foreign inhabitants and Chinese natives. Sub- jective orthodontic treatment need between the two target groups was significantly different （P〈0.05）. Conclusion （1） It was very common that Chinese natives were dissatisfied with their dental appearance, and their subjective orthodontic treatment needs were high. （2） There were some differences in orthodontic treatment motives between the two target groups. （3） There were differences in subjective orthodontic treatment needs between foreign inhabitants and Chinese natives. However, the prominent influential factors were almost the same. There may be benefit to understanding subjective orthodontic needs of different races.展开更多
BACKGROUND Orthodontic treatment can easily cause local soft tissue reactions in the oral cavity of patients under mechanical stress,leading to oral mucosal ulcers and affecting their quality of life.At present,only l...BACKGROUND Orthodontic treatment can easily cause local soft tissue reactions in the oral cavity of patients under mechanical stress,leading to oral mucosal ulcers and affecting their quality of life.At present,only limited literature has explored the factors leading to oral ulcers in orthodontic treatment,and these research results are still controversial.AIM To investigate the current status and related factors of oral mucosal ulcers during orthodontic treatment,aiming to provide a valuable reference for preventing this disease in clinical practice.METHODS A total of 587 patients who underwent orthodontic treatment at the Peking University School of Stomatology and Hospital of Stomatology between 2020 and 2022 were selected and allocated to an observation or control group according to the incidence of oral mucosal ulcers during orthodontic therapy.A questionnaire survey was constructed to collect patient data,including basic information,lifestyle and eating habits,treatment details,mental factors,and trace element levels,and a comparative analysis of this data was performed between the two groups.RESULTS A logistic regression model with oral ulcers as the dependent variable was established.The regression results showed that age(≥60 years:odds ratio[OR]:6.820;95%confidence interval[CI]:2.226–20.893),smoking history(smoking:OR:4.434;95%CI:2.527–7.782),toothbrush hardness(hard:OR:2.804;95%CI:1.746–4.505),dietary temperature(hot diet:OR:1.399;95%CI:1.220–1.722),treatment course(>1 year:OR:3.830;95%CI:2.203–6.659),and tooth brushing frequency(>1 time per day:OR:0.228;95%CI:0.138–0.377)were independent factors for oral mucosal ulcers(P<0.05).Furthermore,Zn level(OR:0.945;95%CI:0.927–0.964)was a protective factor against oral ulcers,while the SAS(OR:1.284;95%CI:1.197–1.378)and SDS(OR:1.322;95%CI:1.231–1.419)scores were risk factors.CONCLUSION Age≥60 years,smoking history,hard toothbrush,hot diet,treatment course for>1 year,tooth brushing frequency of≤1 time per day,and mental anxiety are independent risk factors for oral mucosal ulcers.Therefore,these factors should receive clinical attention and be incorporated into the development and optimization of preventive strategies for reducing oral ulcer incidence.展开更多
BACKGROUND Canines are the most important teeth in the dentition.Usually,doctors choose to remove premolars rather than canines.Canine extraction is extremely rare in orthodontic treatment.However,dentists sometimes e...BACKGROUND Canines are the most important teeth in the dentition.Usually,doctors choose to remove premolars rather than canines.Canine extraction is extremely rare in orthodontic treatment.However,dentists sometimes encounter situations in which canines require extraction due to defects caused by improper medical treatment.CASE SUMMARY The present study reports a case of a class II adult patient treated with the extraction of maxillary canines and right mandibular second premolar.After postactive treatment for 28 mo,then the canines were substituted by the upper first premolar,a satisfactory occlusal was established,the lips were competent,and the profile was improved.Intraoral pictures and X-ray data retrieved 3 years after the end of orthodontic treatment demonstrated the possibility of canine extraction and premolar substitution of canines in function and beauty.CONCLUSION The extraction of canines and substitution by first premolars could be a feasible orthodontic treatment.展开更多
Mucosal ulcers are a common yet often overlooked complication during orthodontic treatment,significantly impacting patient comfort and compliance.This letter aims to highlight the prevalence,potential causes,and manag...Mucosal ulcers are a common yet often overlooked complication during orthodontic treatment,significantly impacting patient comfort and compliance.This letter aims to highlight the prevalence,potential causes,and management strategies for mucosal ulcers in orthodontic patients.By reviewing recent literature and clinical observations,we underscore the necessity for proactive measures and tailored interventions to mitigate the incidence and severity of these lesions.Emphasizing the role of patient education and the use of protective devices,we call for a multidisciplinary approach to enhance patient care and treatment outcomes.This discussion is particularly relevant in the context of evolving orthodontic techniques and materials,which necessitate continuous adaptation of clinical practices to ensure patient safety and well-being.展开更多
Objectives: The present study was conducted to compare the self-perception of esthetics and wish for seeking orthodontic treatment among dental and non-dental students. The realistic orthodontic treatment needs were c...Objectives: The present study was conducted to compare the self-perception of esthetics and wish for seeking orthodontic treatment among dental and non-dental students. The realistic orthodontic treatment needs were confirmed by expert orthodontist. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 255 male students (Dental—75, Medical—93 and Pharmacy—87 students). The questionnaire included 20 items covering dental esthetics self-perception (10 questions), self-confidence and psychological impact (5 questions), and the need for seeking orthodontic treatment (5 questions) on a five-point Likert scale. The realistic orthodontic treatment needs were confirmed by photographs using aesthetic component of IOTN and clinical examination for the participants and analysis of jaw models using Dental aesthetic index (DAI). Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA was used to check the significant difference between groups. Results: The overall average esthetic self-perception score for total sample was 3.83. The overall average psychological impact score for the whole sample was 2.67. The total percentage of participants who either agree or strongly agree with the question related to their perception of need for seeking orthodontic treatment was 70%. According to the assessment of orthodontic needs using AC-IOTN, 19.8% required definitive treatment. According to the assessment of orthodontic treatment needs based on DAI, 20.3% and 9.9% needed highly desirable (DAI 31 - 35) and definite need of treatment (DAI ≥ 36) respectively. Conclusion: It can be concluded that there was no difference between the esthetic perception of dental and non-dental students. The self-perception for seeking orthodontic treatment was over-reported by participants compared to real requirement as assessed by orthodontic specialist. Dental esthetics has no psychological impact on academic performance and self-confidence as perceived by study participants.展开更多
Background: Orthodontic treatment poses challenges such as discomfort, aesthetic concerns, dietary restrictions, time commitment, and financial considerations for patients. These challenges can deter individuals from ...Background: Orthodontic treatment poses challenges such as discomfort, aesthetic concerns, dietary restrictions, time commitment, and financial considerations for patients. These challenges can deter individuals from pursuing treatment or cause anxiety during the process. However, patients are motivated by the desire to improve their appearance, boost self-confidence, and enhance oral health. They also value the long-term benefits of treatment, including improved dental function and overall well-being. Professional recommendations from dentists and orthodontists, along with social support from family and friends, further encourage patients to undergo treatment. Understanding these challenges and motivating factors is crucial for orthodontic professionals to tailor treatment plans and ensure positive experiences and successful outcomes for their patients. Objective: To determine the challenges and motivating factors of orthodontic treatment among patients attending Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital. Method: The study was conducted at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi, Ghana, with a sample size of 60 orthodontic patients. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS software. Ethical approval was obtained, and the findings were shared with stakeholders. Results: Findings showed a higher representation of females (63.3%) seeking orthodontic treatment. Common motivations for seeking orthodontic treatment included aesthetic Concerns (38.2%), misaligned teeth (28.1%) and recommendation from dentist (19.2%). Challenges reported included pain and discomfort (36.7%), difficulty chewing (15%), expensive treatment (14.4%) and missed appointments (11.7%). Factors motivating treatment continuation were visible improvements (30%), achieving optimal results (23%), reducing pain and discomfort (17%). External influences, such as family pressure, also played a role. Patients appreciated the support of healthcare providers during treatment but suggested better pain management and education. Conclusion: The study provided valuable insights into patient motivations, challenges and factors influencing satisfaction and adherence to orthodontic treatment at KATH.展开更多
Background: Inflammatory gingival enlargement is a more common clinical feature with orthodontic therapy than other features. Therefore, this study was designed to the evaluation of the influence of fixed orthodontic ...Background: Inflammatory gingival enlargement is a more common clinical feature with orthodontic therapy than other features. Therefore, this study was designed to the evaluation of the influence of fixed orthodontic treatment duration on the severity of inflammatory gingival enlargement (fixed orthodontic induced gingival enlargements) and some properties of saliva. Material and Methods: The sample size comprised 145 patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment for at least 6 months aged 13 - 32 years. They were divided according to orthodontic treatment duration into three groups. Group I (n = 47) included the patients who were treated for less than 6 months, group II (n = 51) included the patients who were treated for a period of 6 - 12 months, and group III (n = 47) included the patients who were managed for more than 12 months. Data were obtained from the outpatient clinics, college of dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia, and some dental centers in Sana’a city, the Republic of Yemen. This study was conducted from October 2021 G to January 2022 G. Clinical examination was done for plaque index (PLI), gingival index (GI), and gingival enlargement indexes (GEI). Saliva was collected in sterile test tubes then salivary flow and pH were measured. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS (version 23) and ANOVA test to evaluate the impact of orthodontic treatment duration on the severity of inflammatory gingival enlargement and some properties of saliva. Results: The statistical analysis demonstrated the highest mean plaque index (PLI) was among groups III and I participants whereas, the highest mean gingival index and mean gingival enlargement were among groups II and III participants. The present study revealed an increase in salivary flow with decreased salivary pH values with an increase in orthodontic therapy duration. There were statistically significant differences in clinical findings and salivary flow and pH values were observed in the comparison between groups I, II and III except PLI (p Conclusion: There was a higher inflammatory gingival enlargement associated with a higher plaque index in patients under orthodontic treatment for more than 12 months more than the patients for less than 6 months and the patients for a period of 6 - 12 months. There were correlations between an increase of salivary flow and pH values and an increase of other variables in this study, such as plaque index, gingival index, and gingival enlargement index with an increased orthodontic therapy duration.展开更多
Objective: to investigate the effect of fluoride containing gel on preventing enamel demineralization and improving enamel lesion during orthodontic treatment. Methods: 60 patients were randomly divided into reference...Objective: to investigate the effect of fluoride containing gel on preventing enamel demineralization and improving enamel lesion during orthodontic treatment. Methods: 60 patients were randomly divided into reference group and study group (30 patients in each group) and received orthodontic treatment in our hospital from July 2020 to July 2021. After orthodontic treatment, the patients in the reference group were instructed to apply fluoride toothpaste. The patients in the research group were treated with fluoride gel smearing once a month on the basis of fluoride toothpaste. Then, the probability of enamel demineralization was compared and the impact on the degree of enamel damage was analyzed. Results: there was no significant difference between the clinical efficacy A and the study group (P>0.05). After 6 and 12 months of treatment, the incidence of enamel demineralization, enamel demineralization index, DD detection value, and the degree of enamel damage in the study group were lower than those in the reference group, and the teeth masticatory efficiency and tooth beauty scores were higher than those in the reference group, with statistical significance (P〈0.05). Conclusion: the application of fluoride containing gel in orthodontic treatment can not only effectively prevent the occurrence of enamel demineralization, but also reduce the degree of enamel damage, and promote the improvement of chewing efficiency and aesthetics of teeth. It is worth further application and promotion.展开更多
Objective: combined with the clinical treatment problems of patients with orthodontic treatment, a new type of micro-implant anchorage was used in the treatment, and the application effect was analyzed. Methods: accor...Objective: combined with the clinical treatment problems of patients with orthodontic treatment, a new type of micro-implant anchorage was used in the treatment, and the application effect was analyzed. Methods: according to the requirements, suitable patients in our hospital were selected. There were 80 patients who met the standards. They received conventional treatment and micro-implant anchorage treatment respectively. The orthodontic status of the patients and the adverse reactions caused by the patient's body during the treatment in the hospital were studied. According to the clinical orthodontic indicators of the patients, the data of the two groups were compared in various aspects. Results: the orthodontic correction of the patients in the observation group achieved the expected effect after treatment. There were 39 cases without any problems, accounting for 97.50% of the population in this group, which was significantly higher than 80.00% in the control group. After effective treatment, 1 case had adverse reactions, accounting for 2.50% of the population in this group, which was not significantly less than 15.00% in the control group, and the difference was significant. After treatment, the molar displacement distance of the observation group was (3.31±0.32) mm, which was significantly smaller than that of the control group ( 5.21 ± 0.53 ) mm. ( 2.51±0.72 ) mm, the difference of incisor inclination in the observation group after treatment was ( 27.51±6.62 ) degrees, significantly larger than that in the control group ( 15.16±4.53 ) degrees, and the difference was significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: the use of micro-implant anchorage in clinical treatment of patients with orthodontic treatment has obvious advantages, which can help improve the oral deformity of patients, allow patients to have better treatment effects, and reduce the probability of adverse reactions, which is worthy of promotion.展开更多
BACKGROUND Generalized periodontitis is a severe periodontal disease characterized by rapid periodontal destruction in healthy persons.This case report describes the treatment of a severe crowding,large overjet,and oc...BACKGROUND Generalized periodontitis is a severe periodontal disease characterized by rapid periodontal destruction in healthy persons.This case report describes the treatment of a severe crowding,large overjet,and occlusal collapse due to the loss of anterior guidance with generalized periodontitis.CASE SUMMARY A 35-year-old female patient with a chief complaint of crowding and maxillary protrusion was diagnosed with generalized periodontitis by clinical and radiographic examinations.To improve crowding and overjet,orthodontic treatment was performed after basic periodontal therapy.Severely damaged upper right lateral incisor and left canine were extracted,and lower right first premolar and left second premolar were also removed to treat severe crowding.After orthodontic treatment,periodontal flap surgery for upper left molars and guided tissue regeneration for the lower left second molar was performed.Then,a dental implant was inserted in the upper left canine legion.The esthetics of the maxillary anterior tooth was improved by prosthetic restorations.The treatment result showed a well-improved occlusion with proper anterior guidance and healthy periodontal tissue after a retention period of 10 years.CONCLUSION Periodontal,orthodontic,and prosthodontic treatments are extremely useful to improve function and stable periodontal tissue for generalized periodontitis.展开更多
Background A virtual system that simulates the complete process of orthodontic bracket placement can be used for pre-clinical skill training to help students gain confidence by performing the required tasks on a virtu...Background A virtual system that simulates the complete process of orthodontic bracket placement can be used for pre-clinical skill training to help students gain confidence by performing the required tasks on a virtual patient.Methods The hardware for the virtual simulation system is built using two force feedback devices to support bi-manual force feedback operation.A 3D mouse is used to adjust the position of the virtual patient.A multi-threaded computational methodology is adopted to satisfy the requirements of the frame rate.The computation threads mainly consist of the haptic thread running at a frequency of>1000Hz and the graphic thread at>30Hz.The graphic thread allows the graphics engine to effectively display the visual effects of biofilm removal and acid erosion through texture mapping.Using the haptic thread,the physics engine adopts the hierarchy octree collision-detection algorithm to simulate the multi-point and multi-region interaction between the tools and the virtual environment.Its high efficiency guarantees that the time cost can be controlled within 1 ms.The physics engine also performs collision detection between the tools and particles,making it possible to simulate paint and removal of colloids.The surface-contact constraints are defined in the system;this ensures that the bracket will not divorce from or embed into the tooth during the adjustment of the bracket.Therefore,the simulated adjustment is more realistic and natural.Results A virtual system to simulate the complete process of orthodontic bracket bonding was developed.In addition to bracket bonding and adjustment,the system simulates the necessary auxiliary steps such as smearing,acid etching,and washing.Furthermore,the system supports personalized case training.Conclusions The system provides a new method for students to practice orthodontic skills.展开更多
Orthodontic treatment offers great advantages in improving facial and smile aesthetics, self-confidence and the function of the stomatognathic apparatus. The pursuit of these advantages makes use of orthodontic applia...Orthodontic treatment offers great advantages in improving facial and smile aesthetics, self-confidence and the function of the stomatognathic apparatus. The pursuit of these advantages makes use of orthodontic appliances that could be fixed or removable. However, it’s worth stating that these appliances interfere with tooth brushing, making it more difficult to brush teeth effectively. Orthodontics appliances therefore promote the accumulation of dental plaque, which results in both quantitative and qualitative changes in the oral microbiota, hence, exposing patients to several adverse effects such as White spot lesions, dental caries, periodontal pathologies and halitosis. For this reason, oral assessment of patients before, during and after treatment is necessary as well as oral hygiene instructions and motivation. Orthodontists therefore, should educate patients on oral and periodontal hygiene in order to control dental and periodontal complications. Prescriptions of plaque control materials adapted to each patient are done in order to optimize the final result and minimize unwanted complications.展开更多
文摘The prevalence of Class Ⅲ malocclusion varies among different countries and regions. The populations from Southeast Asian countries (Chinese and Malaysian) showed the highest prevalence rate of 15.8%, which can seriously affect oral function, facial appearance, and mental health. As anterior crossbite tends to worsen with growth, early orthodontic treatment can harness growth potential to normalize maxillofacial development or reduce skeletal malformation severity, thereby reducing the difficulty and shortening the treatment cycle of later-stage treatment. This is beneficial for the physical and mental growth of children. Therefore,early orthodontic treatment for Class Ⅲ malocclusion is particularly important. Determining the optimal timing for early orthodontic treatment requires a comprehensive assessment of clinical manifestations, dental age, and skeletal age, and can lead to better results with less effort. Currently, standardized treatment guidelines for early orthodontic treatment of Class Ⅲ malocclusion are lacking. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the etiology, clinical manifestations, classification, and early orthodontic techniques for Class Ⅲ malocclusion, along with systematic discussions on selecting early treatment plans. The purpose of this expert consensus is to standardize clinical practices and improve the treatment outcomes of Class Ⅲ malocclusion through early orthodontic treatment.
文摘Clear aligner treatment is a novel technique in current orthodontic practice.Distinct from traditional fixed orthodontic appliances,clear aligners have different material features and biomechanical characteristics and treatment efficiencies,presenting new clinical challenges.Therefore,a comprehensive and systematic description of the key clinical aspects of clear aligner treatment is essential to enhance treatment efficacy and facilitate the advancement and wide adoption of this new technique.This expert consensus discusses case selection and grading of treatment difficulty,principle of clear aligner therapy,clinical procedures and potential complications,which are crucial to the clinical success of clear aligner treatment.
基金funded with National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC2405904)National Natural Science Foundation of China(11932012,and 32171348).
文摘Enamel demineralization,the formation of white spot lesions,is a common issue in clinical orthodontic treatment.The appearance of white spot lesions not only affects the texture and health of dental hard tissues but also impacts the health and aesthetics of teeth after orthodontic treatment.The prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of white spot lesions that occur throughout the orthodontic treatment process involve multiple dental specialties.This expert consensus will focus on providing guiding opinions on the management and prevention of white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment,advocating for proactive prevention,early detection,timely treatment,scientific follow-up,and multidisciplinary management of white spot lesions throughout the orthodontic process,thereby maintaining the dental health of patients during orthodontic treatment.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC2504200)Chongqing Young and Middle-aged Medical Excellence Team ProjectJiangsu Province Key Research and Development Program(BE2022670)。
文摘Patients with periodontal disease often require combined periodontal-orthodontic interventions to restore periodontal health,function,and aesthetics,ensuring both patient satisfaction and long-term stability.Managing these patients involving orthodontic tooth movement can be particularly challenging due to compromised periodontal soft and hard tissues,especially in severe cases.Therefore,close collaboration between orthodontists and periodontists for comprehensive diagnosis and sequential treatment,along with diligent patient compliance throughout the entire process,is crucial for achieving favorable treatment outcomes.Moreover,long-term orthodontic retention and periodontal follow-up are essential to sustain treatment success.This expert consensus,informed by the latest clinical research and practical experience,addresses clinical considerations for orthodontic treatment of periodontal patients,delineating indications,objectives,procedures,and principles with the aim of providing clear and practical guidance for clinical practitioners.
基金funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institution(Grant No.2014-37)the Jiangsu Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission(No.H201535)Orofacial Pain and TMD Research Unit,Institute of Stomatology,Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology,Nanjing Medical University,for their support
文摘Low-level laser therapy(LLLT) may have an effect on the pain associated with orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of LLLT on pain and somatosensory sensitization induced by orthodontic treatment. Forty individuals(12–33 years old; mean ± standard deviations: 20.8 ± 5.9 years) scheduled to receive orthodontic treatment were randomly divided into a laser group(LG) or a placebo group(PG)(1:1). The LG received LLLT(810-nm gallium-aluminium-arsenic diode laser in continuous mode with the power set at 400 mW, 2 J·cm–2) at 0 h, 2 h, 24 h, 4 d, and 7 d after treatment, and the PG received inactive treatment at the same time points. In both groups, the non-treated side served as a control. A numerical rating scale(NRS) of pain, pressure pain thresholds(PPTs), cold detection thresholds(CDTs), warmth detection thresholds(WDTs), cold pain thresholds(CPTs), and heat pain thresholds(HPTs) were tested on both sides at the gingiva and canine tooth and on the hand. The data were analysed by a repeated measures analysis of variance(ANOVA). The NRS pain scores were significantly lower in the LG group(P = 0.01). The CDTs,CPTs, WDTs, HPTs, and PPTs at the gingiva and the PPTs at the canine tooth were significantly less sensitive on the treatment side of the LG compared with that of the PG(P < 0.033). The parameters tested also showed significantly less sensitivity on the nontreatment side of the LG compared to that of the PG(P < 0.043). There were no differences between the groups for any quantitative sensory testing(QST) measures of the hand. The application of LLLT appears to reduce the pain and sensitivity of the tooth and gingiva associated with orthodontic treatment and may have contralateral effects within the trigeminal system but no generalized QST effects. Thus, the present study indicated a significant analgesia effect of LLLT application during orthodontic treatment.Further clinical applications are suggested.
基金supported by the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong,China (No.17109619).
文摘Artificial intelligence(AI)has been utilized in soft-tissue analysis and prediction in orthodontic treatment planning,although its reliability has not been systematically assessed.This scoping review was conducted to outline the development of AI in terms of predicting soft-tissue changes after orthodontic treatment,as well as to comprehensively evaluate its prediction accuracy.Six electronic databases(PubMed,EBSCOhost,Web of Science,Embase,Cochrane Library,and Scopus)were searched up to March 14,2023.Clinical studies investigating the performance of AI-based systems in predicting post-orthodontic soft-tissue alterations were included.The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2(QUADAS-2)and Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI)appraisal checklist for diagnostic test accuracy studies were applied to assess risk of bias,while the Grading of Recommendation,Assessment,Development,and Evaluation(GRADE)assessment was conducted to evaluate the certainty of outcomes.After screening 2500 studies,four non-randomized clinical trials were finally included for full-text evaluation.We found a low level of evidence indicating an estimated high overall accuracy of AI-generated prediction,whereas the lower lip and chin seemed to be the least predictable regions.Furthermore,the facial morphology simulated by AI via the fusion of multimodality images was considered to be reasonably true.Since all of the included studies that were not randomized clinical trials(non-RCTs)showed a moderate to high risk of bias,more well-designed clinical trials with sufficient sample size are needed in future work.
基金supported by the Specific Research Project of Health Pro Bono Sector, Ministry of Health, China (200802056)
文摘This study aimed to assess the reliability of experienced Chinese orthodontists in evaluating treatment outcome and to determine the correlations between three diagnostic information sources. Sixty-nine experienced Chinese orthodontic specialists each evaluated the outcome of orthodontic treatment of 108 Chinese patients. Three different information sources： study casts （SC）, lateral cephalometric X-ray images （LX） and facial photographs （PH） were generated at the end of treatment for 108 patients selected randomly from six orthodontic treatment centers throughout China. Six different assessments of treatment outcome were made by each orthodontist using data from the three information sources separately and in combination. Each assessment included both ranking and grading for each patient. The rankings of each of the 69 judges for the 108 patients were correlated with the rankings of each of the other judges yielding 13 873 Spearman rs values, ranging from -0.08 to ＋0.85. Of these, 90% were greater than 0.4, showing moderate-to-high consistency among the 69 orthodontists. In the combined evaluations, study casts were the most significant predictive component （R2=0.86, P〈0.000 1）, while the inclusion of lateral cephalometric films and facial photographs also contributed to a more comprehensive assessment （R2=0.96, P〈0.000 1）. Grading scores for SC＋LX and SC＋PH were highly significantly correlated with those for SC＋LX＋PH （r（SC＋LX）vs.（SC＋LX＋PH）=0.96, r（SC＋PH）vs.（SC＋LX＋PH）=0.97）, showing that either SC＋LX or SC＋PH is an excellent substitute for all three combined assessment,
文摘Condylar hyperplasia(CH)of human temporomandibular joint(TMJ)often occurs unilaterally,and causes occlusal disturbance and facial asymmetry.The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of high condylectomy with and without postsurgical orthodontic treatment.Forty patients were diagnosed as having active CH and treated with high condylectomy.Patients in group A(n=24)took the postsurgical orthodontic therapy immediately after surgery,and those in group B(n=16)did not take orthodontic therapy.For both groups,the mandibular ramus height on the affected side was decreased significantly after surgery.Orthodontic treatment promoted maxillary alveolar remodeling significantly by depressing alveolar bone of the affected side and increasing alveolar bone of the nonaffected side.Better improvement for facial midline deviations was observed in group A than in group B.In both groups,the condylar remodeling was observed and manifested by the smoothening of condylar surface and returning of condyle to normal position in glenoid fossa.It was concluded that high condylectomy in the treatment of active CH of TMJ improved the functional occlusion and facial aesthetic.Postsurgical orthodontic therapy could more effectively enhance maxillary alveolar and condylar remodeling,and more rapidly and meticulously establish the stable occlusal and normal position of condyle than the spontaneous remodeling.
基金supported by the Sichuan University Students' Scientific Research Project
文摘Aim The aim of this survey was to compare Chinese natives and foreign inhabitants in Chengdu, China, with respect to： （1） attitudes towards dental appearance, （2） subjective orthodontic treatment need, and （3） the main factors influencing orthodontic treatment need. Methodology A total of 522 subjects, including 227 foreign inhabitants and 295 Chinese natives in Chengdu participated in the survey. A simple random sampling method was adopted and a face-to-face interview was conducted at some public sites using a questionnaire. Data was entered by two persons synchronously using Epidata 3.0, and SPSS 13.0 was used to analyze these data. Results 89.0% of foreign inhabitants were satisfied with their teeth compared to only 46.8% of Chinese natives. Females were more dissatisfied with their teeth than males. Chinese natives put improving appearance as the top priority （55.9%） for seeking orthodontic treatment; however, in foreign inhabitants, the main reason for seeking treatment was to improve masticatory function（44.1%）, followed by ＂to be pretty＂ （35.2%）. The importance of well-aligned teeth and self-perception of psychosocial impact of malocclusion were the same two main factors influencing subjective orthodontic treatment need （P〈0.05） in foreign inhabitants and Chinese natives. Sub- jective orthodontic treatment need between the two target groups was significantly different （P〈0.05）. Conclusion （1） It was very common that Chinese natives were dissatisfied with their dental appearance, and their subjective orthodontic treatment needs were high. （2） There were some differences in orthodontic treatment motives between the two target groups. （3） There were differences in subjective orthodontic treatment needs between foreign inhabitants and Chinese natives. However, the prominent influential factors were almost the same. There may be benefit to understanding subjective orthodontic needs of different races.
文摘BACKGROUND Orthodontic treatment can easily cause local soft tissue reactions in the oral cavity of patients under mechanical stress,leading to oral mucosal ulcers and affecting their quality of life.At present,only limited literature has explored the factors leading to oral ulcers in orthodontic treatment,and these research results are still controversial.AIM To investigate the current status and related factors of oral mucosal ulcers during orthodontic treatment,aiming to provide a valuable reference for preventing this disease in clinical practice.METHODS A total of 587 patients who underwent orthodontic treatment at the Peking University School of Stomatology and Hospital of Stomatology between 2020 and 2022 were selected and allocated to an observation or control group according to the incidence of oral mucosal ulcers during orthodontic therapy.A questionnaire survey was constructed to collect patient data,including basic information,lifestyle and eating habits,treatment details,mental factors,and trace element levels,and a comparative analysis of this data was performed between the two groups.RESULTS A logistic regression model with oral ulcers as the dependent variable was established.The regression results showed that age(≥60 years:odds ratio[OR]:6.820;95%confidence interval[CI]:2.226–20.893),smoking history(smoking:OR:4.434;95%CI:2.527–7.782),toothbrush hardness(hard:OR:2.804;95%CI:1.746–4.505),dietary temperature(hot diet:OR:1.399;95%CI:1.220–1.722),treatment course(>1 year:OR:3.830;95%CI:2.203–6.659),and tooth brushing frequency(>1 time per day:OR:0.228;95%CI:0.138–0.377)were independent factors for oral mucosal ulcers(P<0.05).Furthermore,Zn level(OR:0.945;95%CI:0.927–0.964)was a protective factor against oral ulcers,while the SAS(OR:1.284;95%CI:1.197–1.378)and SDS(OR:1.322;95%CI:1.231–1.419)scores were risk factors.CONCLUSION Age≥60 years,smoking history,hard toothbrush,hot diet,treatment course for>1 year,tooth brushing frequency of≤1 time per day,and mental anxiety are independent risk factors for oral mucosal ulcers.Therefore,these factors should receive clinical attention and be incorporated into the development and optimization of preventive strategies for reducing oral ulcer incidence.
文摘BACKGROUND Canines are the most important teeth in the dentition.Usually,doctors choose to remove premolars rather than canines.Canine extraction is extremely rare in orthodontic treatment.However,dentists sometimes encounter situations in which canines require extraction due to defects caused by improper medical treatment.CASE SUMMARY The present study reports a case of a class II adult patient treated with the extraction of maxillary canines and right mandibular second premolar.After postactive treatment for 28 mo,then the canines were substituted by the upper first premolar,a satisfactory occlusal was established,the lips were competent,and the profile was improved.Intraoral pictures and X-ray data retrieved 3 years after the end of orthodontic treatment demonstrated the possibility of canine extraction and premolar substitution of canines in function and beauty.CONCLUSION The extraction of canines and substitution by first premolars could be a feasible orthodontic treatment.
文摘Mucosal ulcers are a common yet often overlooked complication during orthodontic treatment,significantly impacting patient comfort and compliance.This letter aims to highlight the prevalence,potential causes,and management strategies for mucosal ulcers in orthodontic patients.By reviewing recent literature and clinical observations,we underscore the necessity for proactive measures and tailored interventions to mitigate the incidence and severity of these lesions.Emphasizing the role of patient education and the use of protective devices,we call for a multidisciplinary approach to enhance patient care and treatment outcomes.This discussion is particularly relevant in the context of evolving orthodontic techniques and materials,which necessitate continuous adaptation of clinical practices to ensure patient safety and well-being.
文摘Objectives: The present study was conducted to compare the self-perception of esthetics and wish for seeking orthodontic treatment among dental and non-dental students. The realistic orthodontic treatment needs were confirmed by expert orthodontist. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 255 male students (Dental—75, Medical—93 and Pharmacy—87 students). The questionnaire included 20 items covering dental esthetics self-perception (10 questions), self-confidence and psychological impact (5 questions), and the need for seeking orthodontic treatment (5 questions) on a five-point Likert scale. The realistic orthodontic treatment needs were confirmed by photographs using aesthetic component of IOTN and clinical examination for the participants and analysis of jaw models using Dental aesthetic index (DAI). Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA was used to check the significant difference between groups. Results: The overall average esthetic self-perception score for total sample was 3.83. The overall average psychological impact score for the whole sample was 2.67. The total percentage of participants who either agree or strongly agree with the question related to their perception of need for seeking orthodontic treatment was 70%. According to the assessment of orthodontic needs using AC-IOTN, 19.8% required definitive treatment. According to the assessment of orthodontic treatment needs based on DAI, 20.3% and 9.9% needed highly desirable (DAI 31 - 35) and definite need of treatment (DAI ≥ 36) respectively. Conclusion: It can be concluded that there was no difference between the esthetic perception of dental and non-dental students. The self-perception for seeking orthodontic treatment was over-reported by participants compared to real requirement as assessed by orthodontic specialist. Dental esthetics has no psychological impact on academic performance and self-confidence as perceived by study participants.
文摘Background: Orthodontic treatment poses challenges such as discomfort, aesthetic concerns, dietary restrictions, time commitment, and financial considerations for patients. These challenges can deter individuals from pursuing treatment or cause anxiety during the process. However, patients are motivated by the desire to improve their appearance, boost self-confidence, and enhance oral health. They also value the long-term benefits of treatment, including improved dental function and overall well-being. Professional recommendations from dentists and orthodontists, along with social support from family and friends, further encourage patients to undergo treatment. Understanding these challenges and motivating factors is crucial for orthodontic professionals to tailor treatment plans and ensure positive experiences and successful outcomes for their patients. Objective: To determine the challenges and motivating factors of orthodontic treatment among patients attending Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital. Method: The study was conducted at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi, Ghana, with a sample size of 60 orthodontic patients. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS software. Ethical approval was obtained, and the findings were shared with stakeholders. Results: Findings showed a higher representation of females (63.3%) seeking orthodontic treatment. Common motivations for seeking orthodontic treatment included aesthetic Concerns (38.2%), misaligned teeth (28.1%) and recommendation from dentist (19.2%). Challenges reported included pain and discomfort (36.7%), difficulty chewing (15%), expensive treatment (14.4%) and missed appointments (11.7%). Factors motivating treatment continuation were visible improvements (30%), achieving optimal results (23%), reducing pain and discomfort (17%). External influences, such as family pressure, also played a role. Patients appreciated the support of healthcare providers during treatment but suggested better pain management and education. Conclusion: The study provided valuable insights into patient motivations, challenges and factors influencing satisfaction and adherence to orthodontic treatment at KATH.
文摘Background: Inflammatory gingival enlargement is a more common clinical feature with orthodontic therapy than other features. Therefore, this study was designed to the evaluation of the influence of fixed orthodontic treatment duration on the severity of inflammatory gingival enlargement (fixed orthodontic induced gingival enlargements) and some properties of saliva. Material and Methods: The sample size comprised 145 patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment for at least 6 months aged 13 - 32 years. They were divided according to orthodontic treatment duration into three groups. Group I (n = 47) included the patients who were treated for less than 6 months, group II (n = 51) included the patients who were treated for a period of 6 - 12 months, and group III (n = 47) included the patients who were managed for more than 12 months. Data were obtained from the outpatient clinics, college of dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia, and some dental centers in Sana’a city, the Republic of Yemen. This study was conducted from October 2021 G to January 2022 G. Clinical examination was done for plaque index (PLI), gingival index (GI), and gingival enlargement indexes (GEI). Saliva was collected in sterile test tubes then salivary flow and pH were measured. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS (version 23) and ANOVA test to evaluate the impact of orthodontic treatment duration on the severity of inflammatory gingival enlargement and some properties of saliva. Results: The statistical analysis demonstrated the highest mean plaque index (PLI) was among groups III and I participants whereas, the highest mean gingival index and mean gingival enlargement were among groups II and III participants. The present study revealed an increase in salivary flow with decreased salivary pH values with an increase in orthodontic therapy duration. There were statistically significant differences in clinical findings and salivary flow and pH values were observed in the comparison between groups I, II and III except PLI (p Conclusion: There was a higher inflammatory gingival enlargement associated with a higher plaque index in patients under orthodontic treatment for more than 12 months more than the patients for less than 6 months and the patients for a period of 6 - 12 months. There were correlations between an increase of salivary flow and pH values and an increase of other variables in this study, such as plaque index, gingival index, and gingival enlargement index with an increased orthodontic therapy duration.
文摘Objective: to investigate the effect of fluoride containing gel on preventing enamel demineralization and improving enamel lesion during orthodontic treatment. Methods: 60 patients were randomly divided into reference group and study group (30 patients in each group) and received orthodontic treatment in our hospital from July 2020 to July 2021. After orthodontic treatment, the patients in the reference group were instructed to apply fluoride toothpaste. The patients in the research group were treated with fluoride gel smearing once a month on the basis of fluoride toothpaste. Then, the probability of enamel demineralization was compared and the impact on the degree of enamel damage was analyzed. Results: there was no significant difference between the clinical efficacy A and the study group (P>0.05). After 6 and 12 months of treatment, the incidence of enamel demineralization, enamel demineralization index, DD detection value, and the degree of enamel damage in the study group were lower than those in the reference group, and the teeth masticatory efficiency and tooth beauty scores were higher than those in the reference group, with statistical significance (P〈0.05). Conclusion: the application of fluoride containing gel in orthodontic treatment can not only effectively prevent the occurrence of enamel demineralization, but also reduce the degree of enamel damage, and promote the improvement of chewing efficiency and aesthetics of teeth. It is worth further application and promotion.
文摘Objective: combined with the clinical treatment problems of patients with orthodontic treatment, a new type of micro-implant anchorage was used in the treatment, and the application effect was analyzed. Methods: according to the requirements, suitable patients in our hospital were selected. There were 80 patients who met the standards. They received conventional treatment and micro-implant anchorage treatment respectively. The orthodontic status of the patients and the adverse reactions caused by the patient's body during the treatment in the hospital were studied. According to the clinical orthodontic indicators of the patients, the data of the two groups were compared in various aspects. Results: the orthodontic correction of the patients in the observation group achieved the expected effect after treatment. There were 39 cases without any problems, accounting for 97.50% of the population in this group, which was significantly higher than 80.00% in the control group. After effective treatment, 1 case had adverse reactions, accounting for 2.50% of the population in this group, which was not significantly less than 15.00% in the control group, and the difference was significant. After treatment, the molar displacement distance of the observation group was (3.31±0.32) mm, which was significantly smaller than that of the control group ( 5.21 ± 0.53 ) mm. ( 2.51±0.72 ) mm, the difference of incisor inclination in the observation group after treatment was ( 27.51±6.62 ) degrees, significantly larger than that in the control group ( 15.16±4.53 ) degrees, and the difference was significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: the use of micro-implant anchorage in clinical treatment of patients with orthodontic treatment has obvious advantages, which can help improve the oral deformity of patients, allow patients to have better treatment effects, and reduce the probability of adverse reactions, which is worthy of promotion.
文摘BACKGROUND Generalized periodontitis is a severe periodontal disease characterized by rapid periodontal destruction in healthy persons.This case report describes the treatment of a severe crowding,large overjet,and occlusal collapse due to the loss of anterior guidance with generalized periodontitis.CASE SUMMARY A 35-year-old female patient with a chief complaint of crowding and maxillary protrusion was diagnosed with generalized periodontitis by clinical and radiographic examinations.To improve crowding and overjet,orthodontic treatment was performed after basic periodontal therapy.Severely damaged upper right lateral incisor and left canine were extracted,and lower right first premolar and left second premolar were also removed to treat severe crowding.After orthodontic treatment,periodontal flap surgery for upper left molars and guided tissue regeneration for the lower left second molar was performed.Then,a dental implant was inserted in the upper left canine legion.The esthetics of the maxillary anterior tooth was improved by prosthetic restorations.The treatment result showed a well-improved occlusion with proper anterior guidance and healthy periodontal tissue after a retention period of 10 years.CONCLUSION Periodontal,orthodontic,and prosthodontic treatments are extremely useful to improve function and stable periodontal tissue for generalized periodontitis.
文摘Background A virtual system that simulates the complete process of orthodontic bracket placement can be used for pre-clinical skill training to help students gain confidence by performing the required tasks on a virtual patient.Methods The hardware for the virtual simulation system is built using two force feedback devices to support bi-manual force feedback operation.A 3D mouse is used to adjust the position of the virtual patient.A multi-threaded computational methodology is adopted to satisfy the requirements of the frame rate.The computation threads mainly consist of the haptic thread running at a frequency of>1000Hz and the graphic thread at>30Hz.The graphic thread allows the graphics engine to effectively display the visual effects of biofilm removal and acid erosion through texture mapping.Using the haptic thread,the physics engine adopts the hierarchy octree collision-detection algorithm to simulate the multi-point and multi-region interaction between the tools and the virtual environment.Its high efficiency guarantees that the time cost can be controlled within 1 ms.The physics engine also performs collision detection between the tools and particles,making it possible to simulate paint and removal of colloids.The surface-contact constraints are defined in the system;this ensures that the bracket will not divorce from or embed into the tooth during the adjustment of the bracket.Therefore,the simulated adjustment is more realistic and natural.Results A virtual system to simulate the complete process of orthodontic bracket bonding was developed.In addition to bracket bonding and adjustment,the system simulates the necessary auxiliary steps such as smearing,acid etching,and washing.Furthermore,the system supports personalized case training.Conclusions The system provides a new method for students to practice orthodontic skills.
文摘Orthodontic treatment offers great advantages in improving facial and smile aesthetics, self-confidence and the function of the stomatognathic apparatus. The pursuit of these advantages makes use of orthodontic appliances that could be fixed or removable. However, it’s worth stating that these appliances interfere with tooth brushing, making it more difficult to brush teeth effectively. Orthodontics appliances therefore promote the accumulation of dental plaque, which results in both quantitative and qualitative changes in the oral microbiota, hence, exposing patients to several adverse effects such as White spot lesions, dental caries, periodontal pathologies and halitosis. For this reason, oral assessment of patients before, during and after treatment is necessary as well as oral hygiene instructions and motivation. Orthodontists therefore, should educate patients on oral and periodontal hygiene in order to control dental and periodontal complications. Prescriptions of plaque control materials adapted to each patient are done in order to optimize the final result and minimize unwanted complications.
