A large multi-country outbreak of Oropouche virus(OROV),a segmented negative-sense RNA virus,is emerging in Latin America.By analyzing publicly available whole-genome sequences spanning 1955 to 2024,this study reveals...A large multi-country outbreak of Oropouche virus(OROV),a segmented negative-sense RNA virus,is emerging in Latin America.By analyzing publicly available whole-genome sequences spanning 1955 to 2024,this study reveals accelerated spatiotemporal evolution of OROV,cooperatively driven by genome mutagenesis and segment reassortment.The strains responsible for the 2023-2024 outbreak are universally reassortants,but form two divergent lineages,namely the Brazil and western Amazon basin lineages.This epidemic spreading is primarily fueled by localized transmission within countries and cross-border spread.Phylogenomic analysis further suggests that the S segment of the viral genome originated in Brazil around the 1740s,underwent diversification into five distinct clusters by the 1970s,and experienced rapid proliferation during 2020-2024.In contrast,the L segment originated in Peru around the 1630s and evolved into two independent clusters by the 1850s.Divergent evolutionary pressures have driven distinct patterns of amino acid changes in viral proteins between the Brazil and the western Amazon basin lineages.These mutations are predicted to alter the protein structures and bear functional consequences for viral fitness and transmission.These findings provide critical insights into the evolutionary dynamics of OROV and underscore the necessity of genome surveillance to track the transmission pathways and spatiotemporal evolution.展开更多
The Oropouche virus(OROV)is a new zoonotic arbovirus that mostly affects Brazil and nearby countries.Since its discovery in 1955,it has caused more than 500,000 infections,with symptoms ranging from fever and headache...The Oropouche virus(OROV)is a new zoonotic arbovirus that mostly affects Brazil and nearby countries.Since its discovery in 1955,it has caused more than 500,000 infections,with symptoms ranging from fever and headache to serious neuroinvasive disorders such as meningitis and encephalitis.The virus spreads through urban and sylvatic cycles via vectors such as Culicoides midges and Culex mosquitos,with humans and some vertebrates serving as amplifying hosts.The manuscript aims to analyze the transmission dynamics,clinical manifestations,diagnostic approaches,and potential preventive strategies for OROV.OROV is becoming an increasing health concern due to its global expansion and potential for serious consequences.Its growing threat,especially in light of the possibility of congenital abnormalities,is highlighted by the first recorded deaths in 2024 and the verification of vertical transmission.Clinical symptoms overlap greatly with other arboviruses,limiting early diagnosis;nonetheless,molecular approaches such as RT-PCR are crucial for identification.The current therapy is restricted to symptom control,highlighting the critical need for effective vaccinations.Live attenuated vaccination candidates and innovative techniques based on reverse genetics systems are both promising discoveries.However,the genetic variety of OROV strains poses obstacles to obtaining broad protection.To combat OROV,improved surveillance,strong public health initiatives,and quick vaccine development are needed.Public education and sustainable vector control are also essential for controlling outbreaks and lessening the virus effects.展开更多
Background Vector-borne diseases(VBDs)are important contributors to the global burden of infectious diseases due to their epidemic potential,which can result in signifcant population and economic impacts.Oropouche fev...Background Vector-borne diseases(VBDs)are important contributors to the global burden of infectious diseases due to their epidemic potential,which can result in signifcant population and economic impacts.Oropouche fever,caused by Oropouche virus(OROV),is an understudied zoonotic VBD febrile illness reported in Central and South America.The epidemic potential and areas of likely OROV spread remain unexplored,limiting capacities to improve epidemiological surveillance.Methods To better understand the capacity for spread of OROV,we developed spatial epidemiology models using human outbreaks as OROV transmission-locality data,coupled with high-resolution satellite-derived vegetation phe‑nology.Data were integrated using hypervolume modeling to infer likely areas of OROV transmission and emergence across the Americas.Results Models based on one-support vector machine hypervolumes consistently predicted risk areas for OROV transmission across the tropics of Latin America despite the inclusion of diferent parameters such as diferent study areas and environmental predictors.Models estimate that up to 5 million people are at risk of exposure to OROV.Nevertheless,the limited epidemiological data available generates uncertainty in projections.For example,some out‑breaks have occurred under climatic conditions outside those where most transmission events occur.The distribu‑tion models also revealed that landscape variation,expressed as vegetation loss,is linked to OROV outbreaks.Conclusions Hotspots of OROV transmission risk were detected along the tropics of South America.Vegetation loss might be a driver of Oropouche fever emergence.Modeling based on hypervolumes in spatial epidemiology might be considered an exploratory tool for analyzing data-limited emerging infectious diseases for which little understand‑ing exists on their sylvatic cycles.OROV transmission risk maps can be used to improve surveillance,investigate OROV ecology and epidemiology,and inform early detection.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,32270161,82302506.Research Grant of Jiangsu Commission of Health,ZD2021036The Starting Grant for Talents of Xuzhou Medical University,D2021007,D2021008,D2024017The Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(23KJD310005,23KJB310028,24KJD310005).
文摘A large multi-country outbreak of Oropouche virus(OROV),a segmented negative-sense RNA virus,is emerging in Latin America.By analyzing publicly available whole-genome sequences spanning 1955 to 2024,this study reveals accelerated spatiotemporal evolution of OROV,cooperatively driven by genome mutagenesis and segment reassortment.The strains responsible for the 2023-2024 outbreak are universally reassortants,but form two divergent lineages,namely the Brazil and western Amazon basin lineages.This epidemic spreading is primarily fueled by localized transmission within countries and cross-border spread.Phylogenomic analysis further suggests that the S segment of the viral genome originated in Brazil around the 1740s,underwent diversification into five distinct clusters by the 1970s,and experienced rapid proliferation during 2020-2024.In contrast,the L segment originated in Peru around the 1630s and evolved into two independent clusters by the 1850s.Divergent evolutionary pressures have driven distinct patterns of amino acid changes in viral proteins between the Brazil and the western Amazon basin lineages.These mutations are predicted to alter the protein structures and bear functional consequences for viral fitness and transmission.These findings provide critical insights into the evolutionary dynamics of OROV and underscore the necessity of genome surveillance to track the transmission pathways and spatiotemporal evolution.
文摘The Oropouche virus(OROV)is a new zoonotic arbovirus that mostly affects Brazil and nearby countries.Since its discovery in 1955,it has caused more than 500,000 infections,with symptoms ranging from fever and headache to serious neuroinvasive disorders such as meningitis and encephalitis.The virus spreads through urban and sylvatic cycles via vectors such as Culicoides midges and Culex mosquitos,with humans and some vertebrates serving as amplifying hosts.The manuscript aims to analyze the transmission dynamics,clinical manifestations,diagnostic approaches,and potential preventive strategies for OROV.OROV is becoming an increasing health concern due to its global expansion and potential for serious consequences.Its growing threat,especially in light of the possibility of congenital abnormalities,is highlighted by the first recorded deaths in 2024 and the verification of vertical transmission.Clinical symptoms overlap greatly with other arboviruses,limiting early diagnosis;nonetheless,molecular approaches such as RT-PCR are crucial for identification.The current therapy is restricted to symptom control,highlighting the critical need for effective vaccinations.Live attenuated vaccination candidates and innovative techniques based on reverse genetics systems are both promising discoveries.However,the genetic variety of OROV strains poses obstacles to obtaining broad protection.To combat OROV,improved surveillance,strong public health initiatives,and quick vaccine development are needed.Public education and sustainable vector control are also essential for controlling outbreaks and lessening the virus effects.
文摘Background Vector-borne diseases(VBDs)are important contributors to the global burden of infectious diseases due to their epidemic potential,which can result in signifcant population and economic impacts.Oropouche fever,caused by Oropouche virus(OROV),is an understudied zoonotic VBD febrile illness reported in Central and South America.The epidemic potential and areas of likely OROV spread remain unexplored,limiting capacities to improve epidemiological surveillance.Methods To better understand the capacity for spread of OROV,we developed spatial epidemiology models using human outbreaks as OROV transmission-locality data,coupled with high-resolution satellite-derived vegetation phe‑nology.Data were integrated using hypervolume modeling to infer likely areas of OROV transmission and emergence across the Americas.Results Models based on one-support vector machine hypervolumes consistently predicted risk areas for OROV transmission across the tropics of Latin America despite the inclusion of diferent parameters such as diferent study areas and environmental predictors.Models estimate that up to 5 million people are at risk of exposure to OROV.Nevertheless,the limited epidemiological data available generates uncertainty in projections.For example,some out‑breaks have occurred under climatic conditions outside those where most transmission events occur.The distribu‑tion models also revealed that landscape variation,expressed as vegetation loss,is linked to OROV outbreaks.Conclusions Hotspots of OROV transmission risk were detected along the tropics of South America.Vegetation loss might be a driver of Oropouche fever emergence.Modeling based on hypervolumes in spatial epidemiology might be considered an exploratory tool for analyzing data-limited emerging infectious diseases for which little understand‑ing exists on their sylvatic cycles.OROV transmission risk maps can be used to improve surveillance,investigate OROV ecology and epidemiology,and inform early detection.
