COVID-19 has spread globally to over 200 countries with more than 40 million confirmed cases and one million deaths as of November 1,2020.The SARS-CoV-2 virus,leading to COVID-19,shows extremely high rates of infectiv...COVID-19 has spread globally to over 200 countries with more than 40 million confirmed cases and one million deaths as of November 1,2020.The SARS-CoV-2 virus,leading to COVID-19,shows extremely high rates of infectivity and replication,and can result in pneumonia,acute respiratory distress,or even mortality.SARS-CoV-2 has been found to continue to rapidly evolve,with several genomic variants emerging in different regions throughout the world.In addition,despite intensive study of the spike protein,its origin,and molecular mechanisms in mediating host invasion are still only partially resolved.Finally,the repertoire of drugs for COVID-19 treatment is still limited,with several candidates still under clinical trial and no effective therapeutic yet reported.Although vaccines based on either DNA/mRNA or protein have been deployed,their efficacy against emerging variants requires ongoing study,with multivalent vaccines supplanting the first-generation vaccines due to their low efficacy against new strains.Here,we provide a systematic review of studies on the epidemiology,immunological pathogenesis,molecular mechanisms,and structural biology,as well as approaches for drug or vaccine development for SARSCoV-2.展开更多
The Covid-19 pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)stands as the fastest-spreading and most extensive global health crisis that humanity has faced in a century.It was also the m...The Covid-19 pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)stands as the fastest-spreading and most extensive global health crisis that humanity has faced in a century.It was also the most challenging public health emergency to contain and manage since the 1918 flu pandemic.From the onset of the pandemic,China prioritized lives and health above all else,and implemented comprehensive,science-based and effective containment measures.With over 1.4 billion people uniting as one and displaying extraordinary tenacity and dedication,a formidable defense line was erected against the virus.This collective effort of the whole nation enabled China to withstand multiple waves of outbreaks and emerge victorious from the crisis-a historic feat for a populous nation like China.展开更多
In modernist architecture, color serves as a crucial tool in shaping spatial experiences. However, due to historical reasons, the color design of early modernist architecturehas not been fully explored. The paper focu...In modernist architecture, color serves as a crucial tool in shaping spatial experiences. However, due to historical reasons, the color design of early modernist architecturehas not been fully explored. The paper focuses on the iconic modernist work, the Bauhausschool building in Dessau. Through historical investigation and theoretical research, it elucidates the evolution of color cognition from the perspectives of color theory development,architectural color characteristics, and the interaction between visual perception and color.On this basis, it explores the color theory origins of the Bauhaus and Gropius, dissecting theconceptual framework and methods behind the color design of the Bauhaus school buildingin Dessau. Additionally, this article analyzes the spatial characteristics of architectural colorfrom an experiential standpoint. The paper argues that Gropius conveyed his concept of“natural perspective” through color design, emphasizing the eternal value of natural internal logic. The Bauhaus redefined the role of color in architectural expression, based on natural laws, and deduced a scientifically designed method related to perception, promoting ashift in color design from subjective to objective and injecting deeper connotations intoarchitectural color.展开更多
The United States was hard hit by the great influenza pandemic of 1918.The national policy of putting the war first,the unprecedented scale of military training,and the worldwide troop movements and engagement created...The United States was hard hit by the great influenza pandemic of 1918.The national policy of putting the war first,the unprecedented scale of military training,and the worldwide troop movements and engagement created the conditions for the spread of the pandemic and at the same time seriously weakened US preparedness.The unprecedented pandemic threw American society into extreme panic and spawned all kinds of hypotheses about the pandemic’s geographic origin.Some of the press turned scientifically“tracing the flu”into a succession of pejorative geopolitical exonyms,stigmatizing it as“Spanish flu,”“Russian flu,”“German poisoning,”“Chinese plague,”etc.The groundless ascription of a geographic origin to the influenza pandemic was questioned at the time by insightful American medical professionals and even by Chinese medical experts.In the aftermath of the pandemic,tracking its source became a professional issue of pure medical science,with the search for the pathogen of the pandemic becoming a priority.The discovery and genetic sequencing of the 1918 influenza virus by scientists in the US and other countries led to landmark advances in the discovery of the pathogen,so the importance of tracing it back to its place of origin has taken a back seat.Although evidence of the geographic origin of the 1918 influenza pandemic is not conclusive,medical science has developed enough to disprove the ridiculous“geographic tracking”in the US during the pandemic.展开更多
58-yerar-old woman Ma Rixiang recarlls that her family has had a long history of serving light refreshments,a tradition she learned from her mother and that can be traced back to the time of her grandmother some one h...58-yerar-old woman Ma Rixiang recarlls that her family has had a long history of serving light refreshments,a tradition she learned from her mother and that can be traced back to the time of her grandmother some one hundred years ago or better.Although the refreshments originally contained milk dregs and betan paste,Ma has turned the tradition into making steamed stuffed buns,a stark contrast to the way things were before.What,then,could possibly have been the reason for such a decision?展开更多
我曾经在1999年年初给贵刊邮发了一篇注释读物,题目是“艾滋病毒源于非洲黑猩猩”。该文刊登在1999年第3期的《科技英语学习》。该文断定:目前世界上有3500万人受到感染的艾滋病病毒来自西非的黑猩猩。当地的人们为了得到食物而杀死黑猩...我曾经在1999年年初给贵刊邮发了一篇注释读物,题目是“艾滋病毒源于非洲黑猩猩”。该文刊登在1999年第3期的《科技英语学习》。该文断定:目前世界上有3500万人受到感染的艾滋病病毒来自西非的黑猩猩。当地的人们为了得到食物而杀死黑猩猩,这样就使得这种病毒进入人体并蔓延开来。前几天,我在网上浏览,无意之中读到了本文。本篇和去年的那篇,是不可多得的姊妹篇。前者探清了其源头,后者确定了时间: …they had traced the origin of the AIDS virus to around 1930. 本文把世界上感染了艾滋病病毒的人数又作提升:…HIV,which hasinfected nearly 40 million people worldwide. 科研人员使用了the most powerful computer in the world进行工作。themost powerful computer in the world的具体概念如何?文章透露: Capable of making a trillion(万亿)calculations per second.展开更多
基金This research was funded by Hunan Provincial Innovation Platform and Talents Program(No.2018RS3105)the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61803151)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan province(No.2018JJ3570)the Project of Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department(No 19A060 and 19C0185)the project to introduce intelligence from oversea experts to the Changsha City(Grant No.2089901).
文摘COVID-19 has spread globally to over 200 countries with more than 40 million confirmed cases and one million deaths as of November 1,2020.The SARS-CoV-2 virus,leading to COVID-19,shows extremely high rates of infectivity and replication,and can result in pneumonia,acute respiratory distress,or even mortality.SARS-CoV-2 has been found to continue to rapidly evolve,with several genomic variants emerging in different regions throughout the world.In addition,despite intensive study of the spike protein,its origin,and molecular mechanisms in mediating host invasion are still only partially resolved.Finally,the repertoire of drugs for COVID-19 treatment is still limited,with several candidates still under clinical trial and no effective therapeutic yet reported.Although vaccines based on either DNA/mRNA or protein have been deployed,their efficacy against emerging variants requires ongoing study,with multivalent vaccines supplanting the first-generation vaccines due to their low efficacy against new strains.Here,we provide a systematic review of studies on the epidemiology,immunological pathogenesis,molecular mechanisms,and structural biology,as well as approaches for drug or vaccine development for SARSCoV-2.
文摘The Covid-19 pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)stands as the fastest-spreading and most extensive global health crisis that humanity has faced in a century.It was also the most challenging public health emergency to contain and manage since the 1918 flu pandemic.From the onset of the pandemic,China prioritized lives and health above all else,and implemented comprehensive,science-based and effective containment measures.With over 1.4 billion people uniting as one and displaying extraordinary tenacity and dedication,a formidable defense line was erected against the virus.This collective effort of the whole nation enabled China to withstand multiple waves of outbreaks and emerge victorious from the crisis-a historic feat for a populous nation like China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52078397).
文摘In modernist architecture, color serves as a crucial tool in shaping spatial experiences. However, due to historical reasons, the color design of early modernist architecturehas not been fully explored. The paper focuses on the iconic modernist work, the Bauhausschool building in Dessau. Through historical investigation and theoretical research, it elucidates the evolution of color cognition from the perspectives of color theory development,architectural color characteristics, and the interaction between visual perception and color.On this basis, it explores the color theory origins of the Bauhaus and Gropius, dissecting theconceptual framework and methods behind the color design of the Bauhaus school buildingin Dessau. Additionally, this article analyzes the spatial characteristics of architectural colorfrom an experiential standpoint. The paper argues that Gropius conveyed his concept of“natural perspective” through color design, emphasizing the eternal value of natural internal logic. The Bauhaus redefined the role of color in architectural expression, based on natural laws, and deduced a scientifically designed method related to perception, promoting ashift in color design from subjective to objective and injecting deeper connotations intoarchitectural color.
基金a phased achievement of“Misjudgment and Resolution of Origin Tracing in American Public Opinion during the 1918 Influenza Pandemic”(2020LSXH02)a research project of the History Association of the Shanghai Federation of Social Science Associations。
文摘The United States was hard hit by the great influenza pandemic of 1918.The national policy of putting the war first,the unprecedented scale of military training,and the worldwide troop movements and engagement created the conditions for the spread of the pandemic and at the same time seriously weakened US preparedness.The unprecedented pandemic threw American society into extreme panic and spawned all kinds of hypotheses about the pandemic’s geographic origin.Some of the press turned scientifically“tracing the flu”into a succession of pejorative geopolitical exonyms,stigmatizing it as“Spanish flu,”“Russian flu,”“German poisoning,”“Chinese plague,”etc.The groundless ascription of a geographic origin to the influenza pandemic was questioned at the time by insightful American medical professionals and even by Chinese medical experts.In the aftermath of the pandemic,tracking its source became a professional issue of pure medical science,with the search for the pathogen of the pandemic becoming a priority.The discovery and genetic sequencing of the 1918 influenza virus by scientists in the US and other countries led to landmark advances in the discovery of the pathogen,so the importance of tracing it back to its place of origin has taken a back seat.Although evidence of the geographic origin of the 1918 influenza pandemic is not conclusive,medical science has developed enough to disprove the ridiculous“geographic tracking”in the US during the pandemic.
文摘58-yerar-old woman Ma Rixiang recarlls that her family has had a long history of serving light refreshments,a tradition she learned from her mother and that can be traced back to the time of her grandmother some one hundred years ago or better.Although the refreshments originally contained milk dregs and betan paste,Ma has turned the tradition into making steamed stuffed buns,a stark contrast to the way things were before.What,then,could possibly have been the reason for such a decision?
文摘我曾经在1999年年初给贵刊邮发了一篇注释读物,题目是“艾滋病毒源于非洲黑猩猩”。该文刊登在1999年第3期的《科技英语学习》。该文断定:目前世界上有3500万人受到感染的艾滋病病毒来自西非的黑猩猩。当地的人们为了得到食物而杀死黑猩猩,这样就使得这种病毒进入人体并蔓延开来。前几天,我在网上浏览,无意之中读到了本文。本篇和去年的那篇,是不可多得的姊妹篇。前者探清了其源头,后者确定了时间: …they had traced the origin of the AIDS virus to around 1930. 本文把世界上感染了艾滋病病毒的人数又作提升:…HIV,which hasinfected nearly 40 million people worldwide. 科研人员使用了the most powerful computer in the world进行工作。themost powerful computer in the world的具体概念如何?文章透露: Capable of making a trillion(万亿)calculations per second.
