Background:Plants are known to produce a diverse group of natural metabolites with different biological activities.Centaurea ensiformis P.H.Davis,Origanum hypericifolium O.Schwartz&P.H.Davis,and Paeonia turcica Da...Background:Plants are known to produce a diverse group of natural metabolites with different biological activities.Centaurea ensiformis P.H.Davis,Origanum hypericifolium O.Schwartz&P.H.Davis,and Paeonia turcica Davis&Cullen are endemic plant species that grow on mountains in select regions in Türkiye and have been used in traditional Turkish medicine for various ailments.Methods:As first,we evaluated the larvicidal and antibiofilm activities of ethanol,ethyl acetate,acetone,and water extracts obtained from these plants.Antioxidant activities of the extracts were also investigated.Results:All tested extracts were effective at concentrations>25 ppm on Aedes aegypti larval mortality with the lethal concentration 50(LC_(50))values ranging between 32.82-48.35 ppm and LC90 between 46.26-63.2 ppm.O.hypericifolium was the most effective plant,ethanol extracts presented LC50 values of 32.82 ppm.Extracts demonstrated varying degrees of antibiofilm activity depending on the dose and bacterial species.Origanum hypericifolium extracts notably inhibited biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus(up to 98%inhibition),while P.turcica showed moderate efficacy against the same bacterial species.Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms displayed high resistance to all extracts.Conclusion:The results indicated that these endemic Turkish plants possess promising larvicidal and antibiofilm potential,particularly Origanum hypericifolium.Extracts analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry contained caffeic acid,myricetin,cinnamic acid,quercetin,gallic acid,epicatechin,and ascorbic acid.Further research should explore their potential applications in mosquito control and biofilm-related infections.展开更多
This study highlights the regulatory potential antibacterial and antiradical of Origanum elongatum essential oil(EO),an endemic medicinal plant of Morocco used for its various properties.The chemical composition of th...This study highlights the regulatory potential antibacterial and antiradical of Origanum elongatum essential oil(EO),an endemic medicinal plant of Morocco used for its various properties.The chemical composition of the EO was characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The antibacterial activity against different agricultural phytopathogens was determined by disc diffusion and microatmosphere methods,as well as by the determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations(MIC)and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC),while the antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH and FRAP assays.To complement the experimental analyses,a molecular docking approach was used to predict and elucidate the mechanisms of action of the identified bioactive com-pounds,both for their antioxidant and antibacterial properties.The GC-MS analysis revealed a chemical composition dominated by the major compounds:p-cymene-2-ol(25.31%),thymol(23.88%),andγ-terpinene(19.26%).Furthermore,antibacterial analyses performed using different methodological approaches(disc diffusion,microatmosphere,MIC,and MBC)showed significant inhibitory activity against all phytopathogens tested.Moreover,O.elongatum EO exhibited interesting antioxidant ability with an IC_(50) value of 168.251.14μg/mL for DPPH assay and EC_(50) value±of 164.221.04μg/mL for FRAP assay.Furthermore,in silico molecular docking demonstrated further insights into±the interactions between the oil’s active components and bacterial targets,supporting its mode of action.This in-depth characterization highlights the potential of O.elongatum EO as a natural alternative for the biocontrol of plant pathogens.It opens new perspectives for developing natural solutions to protect crops against plant diseases.展开更多
The aim of this study was to investigate antibacterial activity of Origanum compactum essential oils collected at three phenological stages on Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. The antibacterial activity was eva...The aim of this study was to investigate antibacterial activity of Origanum compactum essential oils collected at three phenological stages on Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. The antibacterial activity was evaluated using the agar-well diffusion assay. The MIC and MBC values were determined using the micro-dilution assay. The investigation of the antibacterial action was carried out by the evaluation of the effect of O. compactum essential oils on the antibacterial kinetic growth, the integrity of cell membrane and permeability of the cell membrane. The anti-quorum sensing activity was tested by the inhibition of the biofilm formation. The findings of this study showed that O. compactum essential oil has potent antibacterial activities against E. coli and B. subtilis. The lowest inhibition value against B. subtilis was obtained with O. compactum essential oil at the post-flowering stage (MIC=MBC=0.0312%(v/v)). The antibacterial mechanisms of O. compactum essential oils are related to the disturbing of the cell membrane integrity and the increasing of the membrane permeability, which leads to the leakage of genetic materials (DNA and RNA). Moreover, O. compactum essential oils inhibited the formation of the biofilms, a phenotype that has been known to be quorum sensing regulated.展开更多
Origanum vulgare L. is a commercially valued species with remarkable biological properties. It is subject to over-exploitation practices that seriously threaten its sustainability for future generations. Thus, micropr...Origanum vulgare L. is a commercially valued species with remarkable biological properties. It is subject to over-exploitation practices that seriously threaten its sustainability for future generations. Thus, micropropagation serves as a tool for the protection and domestication of this species. In this study, we established an in vitro vegetative propagation protocol for Origanum vulgare. This is done through the axillary bud technique by carrying out various tests. Six culture media (MS, MSm, N<sub>30</sub>K, SD, SH and B5) were tested. Therefore, SD was chosen for the following experiments. Seven cytokinins (adenine (Ad), N6-(2-isopentenyl) (2ip), zeatin (Zeat), kinetin (Kin), benzyladenine (BAP), 1,3-diphenylurea (DPU) and thidiazuron (TDZ) at 5 concentrations (0.44, 1.33, 2.22, 3.11 and 4.44 μM/L) were evaluated. Thus, Kin at 3.11 μM allowed high regeneration of vitroplants, optimal elongation, total rooting of explants, maximum bud multiplication, and absence of hyperhydric explants. In fact, the integration of auxins (indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA)) into the culture medium and their combinations with 3.11 μM Kinetin contributed to the optimization of the root part. Thus, it was improved in particular in the case of 3.11 μM Kin and 6.27 μM IBA. Three polyamines (Putrescine, Spermidine and Spermine) at different concentrations (1.134, 3.402, 5.67, 7.938 and 11.34 μM/L) combined at 3.11 μM Kin and 6.27 μM IBA were tested. In fact, 1.304 μM putrescine was considered to be the most suitable for in vitro culture of explants, since it allowed optimal propagation of buds and roots, also a high rate of regeneration and rhizogenesis. GA<sub>3</sub> at 1.15 μM combined with 3.11 μM Kin and 6.27 μM IBA permitted maximum bud multiplication. The acclimatization was carried out successfully using vitroplants showing good foliar and root development. Thus, three months after acclimatization, the seedlings were transferred into large pots under natural light and temperature conditions. Almost all acclimatized plants developed flowers in the first year between May and July.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of Origanum vulgare extract to in vitro capacitation sperm medium (IVCSM). This study investigated the antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of O. v...The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of Origanum vulgare extract to in vitro capacitation sperm medium (IVCSM). This study investigated the antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of O. vulgare extracts at different concentrations (0.3, 0.6, 1.2 μg/ml and 25.0, 50.0, 100.0 μg/ml, respectively) in IVCSM. Significant enhancements in semen quality parameters such as total motility, live and live capacitated sperm were found when O. vulgare extract was added as an antioxidant source (1.2 μg/ml). The treatment of spermatozoa with O. vulgare extract at the highest concentration (100 μg/ml) for 2 hrs without antibiotics improved sperm characteristics. In conclusion, incubation of sperm with O. vulgare extract in capacitation medium had beneficial effects on the characteristics of ram sperm.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the larvicidal activity of essential oil of Origanum mtijoruna(Lamiaceae)cultivated in Morocco against Culex pipiens(Diptera:Culicidae).Methods:The analysis and the identification of the various ...Objective:To evaluate the larvicidal activity of essential oil of Origanum mtijoruna(Lamiaceae)cultivated in Morocco against Culex pipiens(Diptera:Culicidae).Methods:The analysis and the identification of the various constituents of essential oil were carried out by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry.Biological test was performed according to a standard methodology inspired by the World Health Organization protocol with slight modification.Results:This oil mainly consisted of monoterpene and sesquiterpenes.The majority compounds are 4-terpinene(28.96%),y-terpinene(18.57%),α-terpinene(12.72%) and sabinene(8.02%).The lethal concentrations(LC_(50) and LC_(90)) measured for the essential oil Origanum majorana,were respectively of the order of 258.71 mg/L and 580.49 mg/L.Conclusions:The results could be useful in search for newer,safer,and more effective natural larvicidal agents.展开更多
This study aimed determine the activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Origanum vulgare against some viruses of veterinary importance (bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), equine arteritis virus (EAV), equine inf...This study aimed determine the activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Origanum vulgare against some viruses of veterinary importance (bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), equine arteritis virus (EAV), equine influenza virus (EIV), feline calicivirus (FCV), canine distemper virus (CDV), canine adenovirus (CAV), and canine cororavirus (CCoV) by evaluating the possibility of inhibition of viral particles production. The aqueous extract from 1600 μg/mL did not show cytotoxicity for all cellular lineages evaluated, Madin Darby bovine kidney cells (MDBK), Rabbit kidney cells (RK 13), Madin Darby canine kidney cells (MDCK) and Crandell feline kidney cells (CRFK), and the ethanolic extract of Origanum vulgare was not toxic at 600 μg/mL. The addition of aqueous extract of Origanum vulgare in media resulted in a significant reduction of the EAV titer from 105.42 infecting dose for cellular culture at 50% (TCID50) to 102.09 TCID50/100 μL while in the presence of the ethanolic extract of Origanum vulgare in media resulted in a significant reduction of the EAV titer from 105.42 TCID50 to 100.79 TCID50/100 μL. To CDV the addition of aqueous extract resulted in a reduction from 102.00 TCID50 to 100.00 TCID50/100 μL while in the presence of the ethanolic extract titers were reduced from 102.00 TCID50 to 101.50 TCID50/100 μL. No significant differences in titers regarding the others analyzed viruses were detected. With respect to chemical analysis of the extracts of Origanum vulgare, were identified in the ethanol extract phenolics rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, carnosol, p-coumaric acid, carnosic acid, luteolin, apigenin, kaempferol and quercetin. In aqueous extracts of Origanum vulgare were detected rosmarinic acid, p-coumaric acid carnosic acid, luteolin, apigenin, kaempferol and quercetin. The data obtained stimulate other biological assays in order to determine which compounds are responsible for the antiviral activity as well as which are the mechanisms involved. The results presented and the considerations we were able to draw from them allowed us to conclude that the ethanolic extract of Origanum vulgare demonstrated lower cell viability than the aqueous extract and has significant antiviral activity against EAV and the both aqueous and ethanolic extracts have antiviral action against CDV.展开更多
To observe the germistatic and germicidal effects of origanum volatile oil (OVI) on the dysentery bacteria, the abdominal cavity of mice was infected with Shigella sonne (Sh. sonnei) and Shigella flexneri (Sh. flexne...To observe the germistatic and germicidal effects of origanum volatile oil (OVI) on the dysentery bacteria, the abdominal cavity of mice was infected with Shigella sonne (Sh. sonnei) and Shigella flexneri (Sh. flexneri) F 2a. After OVI was given to the mice via gastric lavage, the effects of OVI on the infected mice were observed. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) for dysentery bacteria were determined in vitro. The results showed that origanum volatile oil showed obvious protective effect on mice infected with Sh. sonnei and Sh. flexneri F 2a. and it had germistatic and germicidal effects on dysentry bacteria. We are led to conclude that origanum volatile oil is an effective medicine against the infection of dysentery bacteria.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the hepatorenoprotective effects of Origanum vulgare L.against finasteride-induced oxidative injury in the liver and kidney of mice.Methods:Liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem...Objective:To investigate the hepatorenoprotective effects of Origanum vulgare L.against finasteride-induced oxidative injury in the liver and kidney of mice.Methods:Liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-ESI/MS)analysis was utilized to yield a fingerprint of Origanum vulgare polyphenolic constituents.Thirty BALB/c mice received 0.5 mL/day distilled water,finasteride(25 mg/kg/day for 10 d),and 100,200,or 400 mg/kg/day finasteride+Origanum vulgare extract with 6 mice per group for five weeks.On day 36,liver and kidney function as well as pro-and antiinflammatory(IFN-γ,IL-12,IL-6,TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-10)cytokines were measured.The total antioxidant status,nitric oxide(NO),and malondialdehyde levels as well as the activities of NO synthase and catalase were also evaluated.Histopathological study was conducted to assess the effect of Origanum vulgare extract on finasteride-induced renal and hepatic toxicities.Results:Twenty-five major polyphenolic compounds were identified in the Origanum vulgare extract by LC-ESI/MS.Origanum vulgare extract,especially at 200 and 400 mg/kg/day doses,significantly improved liver and kidney biochemical indices,decreased inflammatory cytokines,increased total antioxidant status and NO synthase and catalase activities,as well as decreased plasma NO and malondialdehyde levels in a dose-dependent manner as compared to the finasteride group.Histopathological results further confirmed the protective effect of Origanum vulgare extract.Conclusions:Origanum vulgare extract ameliorates finasterideinduced hepatic and renal biochemical and histopathological alterations,and restores antioxidant/oxidant balance.展开更多
Origanum compactum Benth., a species endemic to Morocco characterized by its biological activities, is overexploited because of its commercial value and threatened with extinction. Accordingly, measures for its conser...Origanum compactum Benth., a species endemic to Morocco characterized by its biological activities, is overexploited because of its commercial value and threatened with extinction. Accordingly, measures for its conservation are needed. Micropropagation serves as a solution for the protection and the domestication of this species. In this investigation, we established a protocol for vegetative multiplication in vitro of Origanum compactum by the axillary bud technique. Six culture media (SH, SD, N30K, MS, MSm, B5) were tested to determine the most suitable mineral medium for growth and development of explants. Four cytokinins: Kinetin, Zeatin, BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine), 2ip (2-Isopentenyladenine) and three compounds with cytokinin activity: Adénine, 1,3-Diphenylurea (DPU) and Thidiazuron (TDZ) at five concentrations (0.44, 1.33, 2.22, 3.11, 4.44 μM) were tested on budding, growth, hyperhydria and rooting. Then three auxins, Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and Indole butyric acid (IBA) at four concentrations (1.14, 2.85, 4.56, 6.27 μM) in presence of 2.22 μM BAP were evaluated. The combination of Gibberellic acid (0.29, 1.5, 2.60, 2.89 μM GA<sub>3</sub>) and three polyamines (Putrescine, Spermidine, Spermine) at five concentrations (1.134, 3.402, 5.67, 7.938, 11.34 μM) with cytokinins and auxins were considered. Our results show that Margara medium is the most efficient and BAP at 2.22 μM is the best cytokinin for development of the aerial parts, with a regeneration rate of 88, 90%;rhizogenesis is successful with the combination of 6.27 μM IAA and 2.22 μM BAP. Moreover, the integration of 2.89 μM GA<sub>3</sub> with 2.22 μM BAP and 6.27 μM IAA promotes vitroplant growth, bud and shoot multiplication and elongation of the aerial part. The addition of polyamines with 2.22 μM BAP and 6.27 μM IAA does not improve the root part, but Spermine at 5.67 μM promotes bud and shoot multiplication with a high percentage of regeneration, and spermidine at the same concentration gives long explants. Finally, plantlets with good root development were successfully acclimatized to natural conditions and served as a source to establish in vitro culture again.展开更多
Origanum elongatum (Bonnet) Emb. & Maire, is a medicinal, aromatic and endemic plant of Morocco, characterized by its pharmacological effects, and is commonly used for the production of essential oils and aromas, ...Origanum elongatum (Bonnet) Emb. & Maire, is a medicinal, aromatic and endemic plant of Morocco, characterized by its pharmacological effects, and is commonly used for the production of essential oils and aromas, resulting in high harvest and overexploitation pressure. This is why the present study aims to implement the in vitro micropropagation of Origanum elongatum for optimal vitroplant production. Six macroelements were tested (SH, SD, N30K, MS, MSm and B5) and the SD medium was selected for vegetative propagation of the explants. Seven cytokinins: adenine (Ad), N6-(2-Isopentenyl) adenine, zeatin (Zeat), kinetin (Kin), benzyladenine (BAP), 1,3-diphenylurea (DPU) and thidiazuron (TDZ) were then evaluated at five concentrations (0.44, 1.33, 2.22, 3.11 and 4.44 μM/L) on growth, development, budding, rooting and hyperhydricity. 0.44 μM Kin was selected and combined with three auxins: indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-butyric acid (AIB), and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) at four concentrations (1.14, 2.85, 4.56 and 6.27 μM/L) to improve rooting and association with 1.14 μM IAA was shown to be efficient for roots development. Different concentrations of gibberellic acid (0.29, 1.5, 2.60 and 2.89 μM/L), combined with 0.44 μM/L Kin and 1.14 μM/L IAA, were tested and 2.60 μM/L GA<sub>3</sub> gave maximum buds and shoots. Then, the combination of three polyamines at five concentrations (1.134, 3.402, 5.67, 7.938 and 11.34 μM/L) with 0.44 μM Kin and 1.14 μM/L IAA showed an increase in the number of buds and shoots for 7.938 μM/L putrescine and 3.402 μM/L spermine. Finally, seedlings with good foliar and root development were acclimatized.展开更多
Outbreak of autoimmune diseases by pathogenic yeasts has led to a serious medical threat. As these organisms evolve resistance to existing antifungal drugs, the concern could be further compounded. The realm of plant ...Outbreak of autoimmune diseases by pathogenic yeasts has led to a serious medical threat. As these organisms evolve resistance to existing antifungal drugs, the concern could be further compounded. The realm of plant derived products offers a wide spectrum of potentially valuable alternatives to the existing synthetic fungicides. Essential oils from sev-eral medicinal plants have been shown to exhibit pharmacological attributes. In the present study, anti-yeast properties of Oregano essential oil (OEO) were examined in vitro against four human patho-genic yeasts i.e., Candida albicans, Cryptococcus al-bidus, Cryptococcus neoformans and Rhodotorula ru-brum. OEO concentration of 200 μg/mL was found to be growth inhibitory against all four yeasts examined, thereby showing its potential to function as a natural anti-yeast agent.展开更多
Secondary metabolites in medicinal plants could lead to discovery of new classes of herbicides. Recently aromatic plants have gained interest as a source of allelopathic secondary metabolites. Origanum vulgare ssp. vu...Secondary metabolites in medicinal plants could lead to discovery of new classes of herbicides. Recently aromatic plants have gained interest as a source of allelopathic secondary metabolites. Origanum vulgare ssp. vulgare L. infusions in hot water are used in folk medicine and possess proved beneficial biological activity. Plant-to-plant variability of metabolites due to genetic heterogeneity is established in Lamiaceae family. From this point of view, studies on plants from different geographic regions might reveal important sources of variability. The objective of this study was to evaluate allelopathic activity of cold water extracts made from the aerial parts of O. vulgare ssp. vulgare growing wild in Northeast Bulgaria in laboratory conditions. The allelopathic effect was evaluated using root elongation test and Allium cepa-test. Oregano extracts (17.5 g/l, 52.5 g/l) significantly decreased root length of Triticum aestivum L. (P ≤ 0.001). The root growth reduction could serve as a sign for presence of water soluble allelopathic secondary metabolites in the plant tested. Oregano (3.5 g/l) inhibited cell division in Allium root meristematic cells. The decline of the mitotic index indicates the occurrence of a cytotoxic effect. Oregano induced abnormalities in mitotic and interphase cells, so can be also considered as genotoxic. The observed macroscopic and microscopic effects of tested extracts indicated presence of water soluble allelochemicals in O. vulgare ssp. vulgare. This characteristic could be further studied as a possibility to be used in weed management programs.展开更多
In this study are presented the results of studies for oregano in 16 locations (sites) of Albania for the content of the quantity of oils and their fractions.Albaniais the one of the important diversity centers for Or...In this study are presented the results of studies for oregano in 16 locations (sites) of Albania for the content of the quantity of oils and their fractions.Albaniais the one of the important diversity centers for Oregano because of their adaptation to diverse agro ecological conditions as a result of natural selection. The design of the experiment was based on split plot methods. From the total samples collected, were selected 16 mostly widespread samples of natural populations of origano (Origanum vulgare L. sp. vulgare and sp. hirtum). Essential oil isolation from oregano was performed by hydro distillation. Identification of the components was made by comparing mass spectra of components in essential oils with those from Nist, Wiley and Adams mass spectra libraries. The results show that the total oil content varies from 3.45% to 0.1%. The populations of Oregano in the part of southern Albania have a higher amount of etheric oil compared with those of the North part. The higher content of carvacrol in 55.63%, of the samples was determined in sites of the southern part of Albania, while in the other two investigated area central and north part it was 55.63% and 48.49% respectively. The same indicators were realised also for content of linalool and thymol, while North area has sites with high content of caryophyllen-oxide and β-pinen 3. But, in all sites, the oils of thymol and carvacrolit were dominant.展开更多
The work reports antibacterial and antifungal activity of different solvent extracts of Origanum vulgare. The antimicrobial activity of methanol, chloroform and aqueous extracts were determined against nine different ...The work reports antibacterial and antifungal activity of different solvent extracts of Origanum vulgare. The antimicrobial activity of methanol, chloroform and aqueous extracts were determined against nine different gram negative and gram positive bacterial strains and three fungal stains. The bacterial strains were Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213), Micrococcus luteus (ATCC 9341), Pseudo-monas aeruginosa (ATCC 33347), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Salmonella typhi (ATCC 19430), Shig-ella flexneri (ATCC 25929), Salmonella para typhi A (ATCC 9150) and Proteus mirabilis (ATCC 49565) and fungal strains were Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus nigar and Aspergillus pterus. Agar well diffusion method was followed in this study. The comparative analysis of antibacterial activity reflects that among these three extracts, chloroform and methanol extracts shows promising result by exhibiting maximum anti-bacterial activity, whereas aqueous extract is not active against most of these strains. The analysis of anti-fungal activity reveals chloroform extract as most efficacious unlike methanol and Aqueous extracts.展开更多
We optimized Origanum majorana (OM) extraction for mild steel corrosion inhibition in neutral 0.5 M chloride medium. The inhibition mechanism evolved in presence of the optimal extract was discussed when calculating t...We optimized Origanum majorana (OM) extraction for mild steel corrosion inhibition in neutral 0.5 M chloride medium. The inhibition mechanism evolved in presence of the optimal extract was discussed when calculating the activation energy (Ea), the activation enthalpy (Δ<sub>a</sub>H) as well as the activation entropy (Δ<sub>a</sub>S). The OM extract molecules were investigated using the density functional theory (DFT) at B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) basis set level. 1-methyl-4-propan-2-ylcyclohexa-1,3-diene alpha-terpinene was predicted exhibiting the most inhibition capabilities.展开更多
Callus cultures of Origanum vulgare L. were established from leaf discus on Murashige and Skoog （MS） medium containing different levels of growth regulators, i.e., 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid （2,4-D）, Naphthale...Callus cultures of Origanum vulgare L. were established from leaf discus on Murashige and Skoog （MS） medium containing different levels of growth regulators, i.e., 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid （2,4-D）, Naphthalene acetic acid （NAA）, Benzyl Adenine （BA） and Kinetin （Kn） and incubated under dark condition. Callus tissues were employed to study the influence of abiotic elicitors on the production of thymol. Constant weights of callus （300 mg） were cultured on accumulation medium treated separately with each one of elicitors used （50 g/L sucrose, 200 mg/L NaC1 and 50 or 100 mg/L proline）. The fresh and dry weights of callus were recorded after six weeks. The result indicated that maximum production of fresh and dry callus weight were 1,014 mg and 46.20 mg respectively achieved at 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D and 3 mg/L BA adding to the medium. Dry callus tissues were extracted with 70% methanol and analyzed by HPLC to determine the concentrations of thymol. The addition of abiotic elicitors to MS medium caused significant reduction in fresh weight of callus compared with control treatment. The concentration of thymol in the callus cultured on control treatment was 146.6 ppm. The data showed that 50 or 100 mg/L proline produced the highest yield of thymol 181.48 ppm and 174.58 ppm respectively, followed by sucrose 162.9 ppm, whereas the treatment with NaCI caused reduction in thymol concentration to percentage of 50.56% compared with the control.展开更多
Origanum elongatum(OE)is an aromatic,medicinal plant endemic to Morocco that is widely used in traditional medicine due to its biological properties.This study aimed to elucidate the chemical composition of the essent...Origanum elongatum(OE)is an aromatic,medicinal plant endemic to Morocco that is widely used in traditional medicine due to its biological properties.This study aimed to elucidate the chemical composition of the essential oil(EO)obtained from O.elongatum(OEEO)at three stages of its life cycle,including vegetative stage(OEEO-VS),flowering stage(OEEO-FS),and post-flowering(OEEO-PFS),as well as to evaluate its biological and antiradical characteristics.The chemical analysis of the essential oil was conducted using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The antibacterial activity was evaluated in vitro through distinct methodologies,namely,disc diffusion and microatmosphere assay;subsequently,the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)was then determined.The antioxidant potential was also measured by using the DPPH and FRAP assays.The GC-MS revealed the predominant of p-cymene(26.83%_31.45%),γ-terpinene(8.46%_26.95%),thymol(13%_29.54%),and carvacrol(20.25%_37.26%),in all three samples,with notable variations according to the phenological stage of the samples.The EOs extracted at three phenological stages demonstrated notable antibacterial efficacy against all the phytopathogen tested.The MICs for Erwinia amylovora exhibited a range of 6.25 and 250μg/mL.However,for Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 and Allorhizobium vitis S4,the MICs spanned 125 and 250μg/mL.In the DPPH test,the IC50 values were 168.25±1.14,147.01±0.78,and 132.01±2.06μg/mL for EOs derived from the vegetative,flowering,and post-flowering period,respectively.In the FRAP test,the EC50 values were 164.22±1.04,215.73±1.48,and 184.06±0.95μg/mL for the same stages.The findings offer promising prospects for the phytochemical development,demonstrating how the phenological stage significantly influences the therapeutic and biotechnological potential of O.elongatum.This has the potential to open up new avenues of research in the pharmaceutical,agronomic,and environmental fields.展开更多
文摘Background:Plants are known to produce a diverse group of natural metabolites with different biological activities.Centaurea ensiformis P.H.Davis,Origanum hypericifolium O.Schwartz&P.H.Davis,and Paeonia turcica Davis&Cullen are endemic plant species that grow on mountains in select regions in Türkiye and have been used in traditional Turkish medicine for various ailments.Methods:As first,we evaluated the larvicidal and antibiofilm activities of ethanol,ethyl acetate,acetone,and water extracts obtained from these plants.Antioxidant activities of the extracts were also investigated.Results:All tested extracts were effective at concentrations>25 ppm on Aedes aegypti larval mortality with the lethal concentration 50(LC_(50))values ranging between 32.82-48.35 ppm and LC90 between 46.26-63.2 ppm.O.hypericifolium was the most effective plant,ethanol extracts presented LC50 values of 32.82 ppm.Extracts demonstrated varying degrees of antibiofilm activity depending on the dose and bacterial species.Origanum hypericifolium extracts notably inhibited biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus(up to 98%inhibition),while P.turcica showed moderate efficacy against the same bacterial species.Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms displayed high resistance to all extracts.Conclusion:The results indicated that these endemic Turkish plants possess promising larvicidal and antibiofilm potential,particularly Origanum hypericifolium.Extracts analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry contained caffeic acid,myricetin,cinnamic acid,quercetin,gallic acid,epicatechin,and ascorbic acid.Further research should explore their potential applications in mosquito control and biofilm-related infections.
文摘This study highlights the regulatory potential antibacterial and antiradical of Origanum elongatum essential oil(EO),an endemic medicinal plant of Morocco used for its various properties.The chemical composition of the EO was characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The antibacterial activity against different agricultural phytopathogens was determined by disc diffusion and microatmosphere methods,as well as by the determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations(MIC)and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC),while the antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH and FRAP assays.To complement the experimental analyses,a molecular docking approach was used to predict and elucidate the mechanisms of action of the identified bioactive com-pounds,both for their antioxidant and antibacterial properties.The GC-MS analysis revealed a chemical composition dominated by the major compounds:p-cymene-2-ol(25.31%),thymol(23.88%),andγ-terpinene(19.26%).Furthermore,antibacterial analyses performed using different methodological approaches(disc diffusion,microatmosphere,MIC,and MBC)showed significant inhibitory activity against all phytopathogens tested.Moreover,O.elongatum EO exhibited interesting antioxidant ability with an IC_(50) value of 168.251.14μg/mL for DPPH assay and EC_(50) value±of 164.221.04μg/mL for FRAP assay.Furthermore,in silico molecular docking demonstrated further insights into±the interactions between the oil’s active components and bacterial targets,supporting its mode of action.This in-depth characterization highlights the potential of O.elongatum EO as a natural alternative for the biocontrol of plant pathogens.It opens new perspectives for developing natural solutions to protect crops against plant diseases.
基金the "Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique et Technique" (CNRST) "Agence Nationale des Plantes Medicinales et Aromatiques" (ANPMA) for their funding supports
文摘The aim of this study was to investigate antibacterial activity of Origanum compactum essential oils collected at three phenological stages on Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. The antibacterial activity was evaluated using the agar-well diffusion assay. The MIC and MBC values were determined using the micro-dilution assay. The investigation of the antibacterial action was carried out by the evaluation of the effect of O. compactum essential oils on the antibacterial kinetic growth, the integrity of cell membrane and permeability of the cell membrane. The anti-quorum sensing activity was tested by the inhibition of the biofilm formation. The findings of this study showed that O. compactum essential oil has potent antibacterial activities against E. coli and B. subtilis. The lowest inhibition value against B. subtilis was obtained with O. compactum essential oil at the post-flowering stage (MIC=MBC=0.0312%(v/v)). The antibacterial mechanisms of O. compactum essential oils are related to the disturbing of the cell membrane integrity and the increasing of the membrane permeability, which leads to the leakage of genetic materials (DNA and RNA). Moreover, O. compactum essential oils inhibited the formation of the biofilms, a phenotype that has been known to be quorum sensing regulated.
文摘Origanum vulgare L. is a commercially valued species with remarkable biological properties. It is subject to over-exploitation practices that seriously threaten its sustainability for future generations. Thus, micropropagation serves as a tool for the protection and domestication of this species. In this study, we established an in vitro vegetative propagation protocol for Origanum vulgare. This is done through the axillary bud technique by carrying out various tests. Six culture media (MS, MSm, N<sub>30</sub>K, SD, SH and B5) were tested. Therefore, SD was chosen for the following experiments. Seven cytokinins (adenine (Ad), N6-(2-isopentenyl) (2ip), zeatin (Zeat), kinetin (Kin), benzyladenine (BAP), 1,3-diphenylurea (DPU) and thidiazuron (TDZ) at 5 concentrations (0.44, 1.33, 2.22, 3.11 and 4.44 μM/L) were evaluated. Thus, Kin at 3.11 μM allowed high regeneration of vitroplants, optimal elongation, total rooting of explants, maximum bud multiplication, and absence of hyperhydric explants. In fact, the integration of auxins (indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA)) into the culture medium and their combinations with 3.11 μM Kinetin contributed to the optimization of the root part. Thus, it was improved in particular in the case of 3.11 μM Kin and 6.27 μM IBA. Three polyamines (Putrescine, Spermidine and Spermine) at different concentrations (1.134, 3.402, 5.67, 7.938 and 11.34 μM/L) combined at 3.11 μM Kin and 6.27 μM IBA were tested. In fact, 1.304 μM putrescine was considered to be the most suitable for in vitro culture of explants, since it allowed optimal propagation of buds and roots, also a high rate of regeneration and rhizogenesis. GA<sub>3</sub> at 1.15 μM combined with 3.11 μM Kin and 6.27 μM IBA permitted maximum bud multiplication. The acclimatization was carried out successfully using vitroplants showing good foliar and root development. Thus, three months after acclimatization, the seedlings were transferred into large pots under natural light and temperature conditions. Almost all acclimatized plants developed flowers in the first year between May and July.
文摘The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of Origanum vulgare extract to in vitro capacitation sperm medium (IVCSM). This study investigated the antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of O. vulgare extracts at different concentrations (0.3, 0.6, 1.2 μg/ml and 25.0, 50.0, 100.0 μg/ml, respectively) in IVCSM. Significant enhancements in semen quality parameters such as total motility, live and live capacitated sperm were found when O. vulgare extract was added as an antioxidant source (1.2 μg/ml). The treatment of spermatozoa with O. vulgare extract at the highest concentration (100 μg/ml) for 2 hrs without antibiotics improved sperm characteristics. In conclusion, incubation of sperm with O. vulgare extract in capacitation medium had beneficial effects on the characteristics of ram sperm.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the larvicidal activity of essential oil of Origanum mtijoruna(Lamiaceae)cultivated in Morocco against Culex pipiens(Diptera:Culicidae).Methods:The analysis and the identification of the various constituents of essential oil were carried out by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry.Biological test was performed according to a standard methodology inspired by the World Health Organization protocol with slight modification.Results:This oil mainly consisted of monoterpene and sesquiterpenes.The majority compounds are 4-terpinene(28.96%),y-terpinene(18.57%),α-terpinene(12.72%) and sabinene(8.02%).The lethal concentrations(LC_(50) and LC_(90)) measured for the essential oil Origanum majorana,were respectively of the order of 258.71 mg/L and 580.49 mg/L.Conclusions:The results could be useful in search for newer,safer,and more effective natural larvicidal agents.
文摘This study aimed determine the activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Origanum vulgare against some viruses of veterinary importance (bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), equine arteritis virus (EAV), equine influenza virus (EIV), feline calicivirus (FCV), canine distemper virus (CDV), canine adenovirus (CAV), and canine cororavirus (CCoV) by evaluating the possibility of inhibition of viral particles production. The aqueous extract from 1600 μg/mL did not show cytotoxicity for all cellular lineages evaluated, Madin Darby bovine kidney cells (MDBK), Rabbit kidney cells (RK 13), Madin Darby canine kidney cells (MDCK) and Crandell feline kidney cells (CRFK), and the ethanolic extract of Origanum vulgare was not toxic at 600 μg/mL. The addition of aqueous extract of Origanum vulgare in media resulted in a significant reduction of the EAV titer from 105.42 infecting dose for cellular culture at 50% (TCID50) to 102.09 TCID50/100 μL while in the presence of the ethanolic extract of Origanum vulgare in media resulted in a significant reduction of the EAV titer from 105.42 TCID50 to 100.79 TCID50/100 μL. To CDV the addition of aqueous extract resulted in a reduction from 102.00 TCID50 to 100.00 TCID50/100 μL while in the presence of the ethanolic extract titers were reduced from 102.00 TCID50 to 101.50 TCID50/100 μL. No significant differences in titers regarding the others analyzed viruses were detected. With respect to chemical analysis of the extracts of Origanum vulgare, were identified in the ethanol extract phenolics rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, carnosol, p-coumaric acid, carnosic acid, luteolin, apigenin, kaempferol and quercetin. In aqueous extracts of Origanum vulgare were detected rosmarinic acid, p-coumaric acid carnosic acid, luteolin, apigenin, kaempferol and quercetin. The data obtained stimulate other biological assays in order to determine which compounds are responsible for the antiviral activity as well as which are the mechanisms involved. The results presented and the considerations we were able to draw from them allowed us to conclude that the ethanolic extract of Origanum vulgare demonstrated lower cell viability than the aqueous extract and has significant antiviral activity against EAV and the both aqueous and ethanolic extracts have antiviral action against CDV.
文摘To observe the germistatic and germicidal effects of origanum volatile oil (OVI) on the dysentery bacteria, the abdominal cavity of mice was infected with Shigella sonne (Sh. sonnei) and Shigella flexneri (Sh. flexneri) F 2a. After OVI was given to the mice via gastric lavage, the effects of OVI on the infected mice were observed. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) for dysentery bacteria were determined in vitro. The results showed that origanum volatile oil showed obvious protective effect on mice infected with Sh. sonnei and Sh. flexneri F 2a. and it had germistatic and germicidal effects on dysentry bacteria. We are led to conclude that origanum volatile oil is an effective medicine against the infection of dysentery bacteria.
基金supported by King Khalid University,Abha,KSA through Research Group Project under grant number R.G.P.2/80/41 and Wuxi Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission(WXQ201832).
文摘Objective:To investigate the hepatorenoprotective effects of Origanum vulgare L.against finasteride-induced oxidative injury in the liver and kidney of mice.Methods:Liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-ESI/MS)analysis was utilized to yield a fingerprint of Origanum vulgare polyphenolic constituents.Thirty BALB/c mice received 0.5 mL/day distilled water,finasteride(25 mg/kg/day for 10 d),and 100,200,or 400 mg/kg/day finasteride+Origanum vulgare extract with 6 mice per group for five weeks.On day 36,liver and kidney function as well as pro-and antiinflammatory(IFN-γ,IL-12,IL-6,TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-10)cytokines were measured.The total antioxidant status,nitric oxide(NO),and malondialdehyde levels as well as the activities of NO synthase and catalase were also evaluated.Histopathological study was conducted to assess the effect of Origanum vulgare extract on finasteride-induced renal and hepatic toxicities.Results:Twenty-five major polyphenolic compounds were identified in the Origanum vulgare extract by LC-ESI/MS.Origanum vulgare extract,especially at 200 and 400 mg/kg/day doses,significantly improved liver and kidney biochemical indices,decreased inflammatory cytokines,increased total antioxidant status and NO synthase and catalase activities,as well as decreased plasma NO and malondialdehyde levels in a dose-dependent manner as compared to the finasteride group.Histopathological results further confirmed the protective effect of Origanum vulgare extract.Conclusions:Origanum vulgare extract ameliorates finasterideinduced hepatic and renal biochemical and histopathological alterations,and restores antioxidant/oxidant balance.
文摘Origanum compactum Benth., a species endemic to Morocco characterized by its biological activities, is overexploited because of its commercial value and threatened with extinction. Accordingly, measures for its conservation are needed. Micropropagation serves as a solution for the protection and the domestication of this species. In this investigation, we established a protocol for vegetative multiplication in vitro of Origanum compactum by the axillary bud technique. Six culture media (SH, SD, N30K, MS, MSm, B5) were tested to determine the most suitable mineral medium for growth and development of explants. Four cytokinins: Kinetin, Zeatin, BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine), 2ip (2-Isopentenyladenine) and three compounds with cytokinin activity: Adénine, 1,3-Diphenylurea (DPU) and Thidiazuron (TDZ) at five concentrations (0.44, 1.33, 2.22, 3.11, 4.44 μM) were tested on budding, growth, hyperhydria and rooting. Then three auxins, Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and Indole butyric acid (IBA) at four concentrations (1.14, 2.85, 4.56, 6.27 μM) in presence of 2.22 μM BAP were evaluated. The combination of Gibberellic acid (0.29, 1.5, 2.60, 2.89 μM GA<sub>3</sub>) and three polyamines (Putrescine, Spermidine, Spermine) at five concentrations (1.134, 3.402, 5.67, 7.938, 11.34 μM) with cytokinins and auxins were considered. Our results show that Margara medium is the most efficient and BAP at 2.22 μM is the best cytokinin for development of the aerial parts, with a regeneration rate of 88, 90%;rhizogenesis is successful with the combination of 6.27 μM IAA and 2.22 μM BAP. Moreover, the integration of 2.89 μM GA<sub>3</sub> with 2.22 μM BAP and 6.27 μM IAA promotes vitroplant growth, bud and shoot multiplication and elongation of the aerial part. The addition of polyamines with 2.22 μM BAP and 6.27 μM IAA does not improve the root part, but Spermine at 5.67 μM promotes bud and shoot multiplication with a high percentage of regeneration, and spermidine at the same concentration gives long explants. Finally, plantlets with good root development were successfully acclimatized to natural conditions and served as a source to establish in vitro culture again.
文摘Origanum elongatum (Bonnet) Emb. & Maire, is a medicinal, aromatic and endemic plant of Morocco, characterized by its pharmacological effects, and is commonly used for the production of essential oils and aromas, resulting in high harvest and overexploitation pressure. This is why the present study aims to implement the in vitro micropropagation of Origanum elongatum for optimal vitroplant production. Six macroelements were tested (SH, SD, N30K, MS, MSm and B5) and the SD medium was selected for vegetative propagation of the explants. Seven cytokinins: adenine (Ad), N6-(2-Isopentenyl) adenine, zeatin (Zeat), kinetin (Kin), benzyladenine (BAP), 1,3-diphenylurea (DPU) and thidiazuron (TDZ) were then evaluated at five concentrations (0.44, 1.33, 2.22, 3.11 and 4.44 μM/L) on growth, development, budding, rooting and hyperhydricity. 0.44 μM Kin was selected and combined with three auxins: indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-butyric acid (AIB), and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) at four concentrations (1.14, 2.85, 4.56 and 6.27 μM/L) to improve rooting and association with 1.14 μM IAA was shown to be efficient for roots development. Different concentrations of gibberellic acid (0.29, 1.5, 2.60 and 2.89 μM/L), combined with 0.44 μM/L Kin and 1.14 μM/L IAA, were tested and 2.60 μM/L GA<sub>3</sub> gave maximum buds and shoots. Then, the combination of three polyamines at five concentrations (1.134, 3.402, 5.67, 7.938 and 11.34 μM/L) with 0.44 μM Kin and 1.14 μM/L IAA showed an increase in the number of buds and shoots for 7.938 μM/L putrescine and 3.402 μM/L spermine. Finally, seedlings with good foliar and root development were acclimatized.
文摘Outbreak of autoimmune diseases by pathogenic yeasts has led to a serious medical threat. As these organisms evolve resistance to existing antifungal drugs, the concern could be further compounded. The realm of plant derived products offers a wide spectrum of potentially valuable alternatives to the existing synthetic fungicides. Essential oils from sev-eral medicinal plants have been shown to exhibit pharmacological attributes. In the present study, anti-yeast properties of Oregano essential oil (OEO) were examined in vitro against four human patho-genic yeasts i.e., Candida albicans, Cryptococcus al-bidus, Cryptococcus neoformans and Rhodotorula ru-brum. OEO concentration of 200 μg/mL was found to be growth inhibitory against all four yeasts examined, thereby showing its potential to function as a natural anti-yeast agent.
文摘Secondary metabolites in medicinal plants could lead to discovery of new classes of herbicides. Recently aromatic plants have gained interest as a source of allelopathic secondary metabolites. Origanum vulgare ssp. vulgare L. infusions in hot water are used in folk medicine and possess proved beneficial biological activity. Plant-to-plant variability of metabolites due to genetic heterogeneity is established in Lamiaceae family. From this point of view, studies on plants from different geographic regions might reveal important sources of variability. The objective of this study was to evaluate allelopathic activity of cold water extracts made from the aerial parts of O. vulgare ssp. vulgare growing wild in Northeast Bulgaria in laboratory conditions. The allelopathic effect was evaluated using root elongation test and Allium cepa-test. Oregano extracts (17.5 g/l, 52.5 g/l) significantly decreased root length of Triticum aestivum L. (P ≤ 0.001). The root growth reduction could serve as a sign for presence of water soluble allelopathic secondary metabolites in the plant tested. Oregano (3.5 g/l) inhibited cell division in Allium root meristematic cells. The decline of the mitotic index indicates the occurrence of a cytotoxic effect. Oregano induced abnormalities in mitotic and interphase cells, so can be also considered as genotoxic. The observed macroscopic and microscopic effects of tested extracts indicated presence of water soluble allelochemicals in O. vulgare ssp. vulgare. This characteristic could be further studied as a possibility to be used in weed management programs.
文摘In this study are presented the results of studies for oregano in 16 locations (sites) of Albania for the content of the quantity of oils and their fractions.Albaniais the one of the important diversity centers for Oregano because of their adaptation to diverse agro ecological conditions as a result of natural selection. The design of the experiment was based on split plot methods. From the total samples collected, were selected 16 mostly widespread samples of natural populations of origano (Origanum vulgare L. sp. vulgare and sp. hirtum). Essential oil isolation from oregano was performed by hydro distillation. Identification of the components was made by comparing mass spectra of components in essential oils with those from Nist, Wiley and Adams mass spectra libraries. The results show that the total oil content varies from 3.45% to 0.1%. The populations of Oregano in the part of southern Albania have a higher amount of etheric oil compared with those of the North part. The higher content of carvacrol in 55.63%, of the samples was determined in sites of the southern part of Albania, while in the other two investigated area central and north part it was 55.63% and 48.49% respectively. The same indicators were realised also for content of linalool and thymol, while North area has sites with high content of caryophyllen-oxide and β-pinen 3. But, in all sites, the oils of thymol and carvacrolit were dominant.
文摘The work reports antibacterial and antifungal activity of different solvent extracts of Origanum vulgare. The antimicrobial activity of methanol, chloroform and aqueous extracts were determined against nine different gram negative and gram positive bacterial strains and three fungal stains. The bacterial strains were Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213), Micrococcus luteus (ATCC 9341), Pseudo-monas aeruginosa (ATCC 33347), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Salmonella typhi (ATCC 19430), Shig-ella flexneri (ATCC 25929), Salmonella para typhi A (ATCC 9150) and Proteus mirabilis (ATCC 49565) and fungal strains were Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus nigar and Aspergillus pterus. Agar well diffusion method was followed in this study. The comparative analysis of antibacterial activity reflects that among these three extracts, chloroform and methanol extracts shows promising result by exhibiting maximum anti-bacterial activity, whereas aqueous extract is not active against most of these strains. The analysis of anti-fungal activity reveals chloroform extract as most efficacious unlike methanol and Aqueous extracts.
文摘We optimized Origanum majorana (OM) extraction for mild steel corrosion inhibition in neutral 0.5 M chloride medium. The inhibition mechanism evolved in presence of the optimal extract was discussed when calculating the activation energy (Ea), the activation enthalpy (Δ<sub>a</sub>H) as well as the activation entropy (Δ<sub>a</sub>S). The OM extract molecules were investigated using the density functional theory (DFT) at B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) basis set level. 1-methyl-4-propan-2-ylcyclohexa-1,3-diene alpha-terpinene was predicted exhibiting the most inhibition capabilities.
文摘Callus cultures of Origanum vulgare L. were established from leaf discus on Murashige and Skoog （MS） medium containing different levels of growth regulators, i.e., 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid （2,4-D）, Naphthalene acetic acid （NAA）, Benzyl Adenine （BA） and Kinetin （Kn） and incubated under dark condition. Callus tissues were employed to study the influence of abiotic elicitors on the production of thymol. Constant weights of callus （300 mg） were cultured on accumulation medium treated separately with each one of elicitors used （50 g/L sucrose, 200 mg/L NaC1 and 50 or 100 mg/L proline）. The fresh and dry weights of callus were recorded after six weeks. The result indicated that maximum production of fresh and dry callus weight were 1,014 mg and 46.20 mg respectively achieved at 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D and 3 mg/L BA adding to the medium. Dry callus tissues were extracted with 70% methanol and analyzed by HPLC to determine the concentrations of thymol. The addition of abiotic elicitors to MS medium caused significant reduction in fresh weight of callus compared with control treatment. The concentration of thymol in the callus cultured on control treatment was 146.6 ppm. The data showed that 50 or 100 mg/L proline produced the highest yield of thymol 181.48 ppm and 174.58 ppm respectively, followed by sucrose 162.9 ppm, whereas the treatment with NaCI caused reduction in thymol concentration to percentage of 50.56% compared with the control.
文摘Origanum elongatum(OE)is an aromatic,medicinal plant endemic to Morocco that is widely used in traditional medicine due to its biological properties.This study aimed to elucidate the chemical composition of the essential oil(EO)obtained from O.elongatum(OEEO)at three stages of its life cycle,including vegetative stage(OEEO-VS),flowering stage(OEEO-FS),and post-flowering(OEEO-PFS),as well as to evaluate its biological and antiradical characteristics.The chemical analysis of the essential oil was conducted using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The antibacterial activity was evaluated in vitro through distinct methodologies,namely,disc diffusion and microatmosphere assay;subsequently,the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)was then determined.The antioxidant potential was also measured by using the DPPH and FRAP assays.The GC-MS revealed the predominant of p-cymene(26.83%_31.45%),γ-terpinene(8.46%_26.95%),thymol(13%_29.54%),and carvacrol(20.25%_37.26%),in all three samples,with notable variations according to the phenological stage of the samples.The EOs extracted at three phenological stages demonstrated notable antibacterial efficacy against all the phytopathogen tested.The MICs for Erwinia amylovora exhibited a range of 6.25 and 250μg/mL.However,for Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 and Allorhizobium vitis S4,the MICs spanned 125 and 250μg/mL.In the DPPH test,the IC50 values were 168.25±1.14,147.01±0.78,and 132.01±2.06μg/mL for EOs derived from the vegetative,flowering,and post-flowering period,respectively.In the FRAP test,the EC50 values were 164.22±1.04,215.73±1.48,and 184.06±0.95μg/mL for the same stages.The findings offer promising prospects for the phytochemical development,demonstrating how the phenological stage significantly influences the therapeutic and biotechnological potential of O.elongatum.This has the potential to open up new avenues of research in the pharmaceutical,agronomic,and environmental fields.
