Three organo-montmorillonites were prepared using surfactants, and their adsorption behaviors toward sulfamethoxazole（SMX） were investigated. The surfactants used were cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide（CTMAB）, 3-（N...Three organo-montmorillonites were prepared using surfactants, and their adsorption behaviors toward sulfamethoxazole（SMX） were investigated. The surfactants used were cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide（CTMAB）, 3-（N,N-dimethylhexadecylammonio） propane sulfonate（HDAPS） and 1,3-bis（hexadecyldimethylammonio）-propane dibromide（BHDAP）. The properties of the organo-montmorillonites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and N2adsorption–desorption isotherm measurements. Results showed that the interlayer spacing of montmorillonite was increased and the surface area as well as the morphology were changed. Batch adsorption experiments showed that the surfactant loading amount had a great effect on the adsorption of SMX. The adsorption process was p H dependent and the maximum adsorption capacity was obtained at p H 3 for HDAPS-Mt, while CTMAB-Mt and BHDAP-Mt showed a high removal efficiency at 3–11. The adsorption capacity increased with the initial SMX concentration and contact time but decreased with increasing solution ionic strength.Kinetic data were best described by the pseudo second-order model. Equilibrium data were best represented by the Langmuir model, and the Freundlich constant（n） indicated a favorable adsorption process. The maximum adsorption capacity of SMX was 235.29 mg/g for CTMAB-Mt, 155.28 mg/g for HDAPS-Mt and 242.72 mg/g for BHDAP-Mt. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated to evaluate the spontaneity and endothermic or exothermic nature. The adsorption mechanism was found to be dominated by electrostatic interaction,while hydrophobic interaction played a secondary role.展开更多
The purpose of this work is to remove Pb（II） from the aqueous solution using a type of hydrogel composite. A hydrogel composite consisting of waste linear low density polyethylene, acrylic acid, starch, and organo-m...The purpose of this work is to remove Pb（II） from the aqueous solution using a type of hydrogel composite. A hydrogel composite consisting of waste linear low density polyethylene, acrylic acid, starch, and organo-montmorillonite was prepared through emulsion polymerization method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR）, Solid carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy（CNMR））, silicon-29 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy（Si NMR））, and X-ray diffraction spectroscope（（XRD） were applied to characterize the hydrogel composite. The hydrogel composite was then employed as an adsorbent for the removal of Pb（II） from the aqueous solution. The Pb（II）-loaded hydrogel composite was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR））,scanning electron microscopy（SEM））, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（（XPS））. From XPS results, it was found that the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups of the hydrogel composite participated in the removal of Pb（II）. Kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption of Pb（II）followed the pseudo-second-order equation. It was also found that the Langmuir model described the adsorption isotherm better than the Freundlich isotherm. The maximum removal capacity of the hydrogel composite for Pb（II） ions was 430 mg/g. Thus, the waste linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly（acrylic acid）-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite could be a promising Pb（II） adsorbent.展开更多
Unsaturated polyester resin （UPR）/acrylate-terminated polyurethane （ATPU）/organo-modified montmorillonite （OMMT） nanocomposites were prepared by the in situ intercalative polymerization method. Samples were prep...Unsaturated polyester resin （UPR）/acrylate-terminated polyurethane （ATPU）/organo-modified montmorillonite （OMMT） nanocomposites were prepared by the in situ intercalative polymerization method. Samples were prepared by the sequential mixing, i.e. mixture of the ATPU and styrene （S） and OMMT were prepared in the first step; UPR was then added to the pre-intercalates of ATPU/S/OMMT. Results indicate that the mechanical properties and thermal properties of UPR/ATPU/OMMT nanocomposites greatly depend on the amount of ATPU and OMMT. Results show that the addition of ATPU could increase the impact strength of UPR/ATPU composites, but the tensile strength, flexural strength and heat resistance of the materials are obviously decreased. When the weight ratio between UPR, ATPU and OMMT were 82：15：3, the impact strength and heat distortion-temperature of nanocomposite were greatly improved, meanwhile there was little change for other properties of the nanocomposites. The synergistic enhancement effects of ATPU and OMMT on the composites were observed. The structures and morphology of the composites were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.展开更多
Effect of organo-montmorillonite （OMMT） on the morphology and aging properties of various bitumens was studied. The morphology of the binders was characterized by atomic force microscopy （AFM）. The influence of OM...Effect of organo-montmorillonite （OMMT） on the morphology and aging properties of various bitumens was studied. The morphology of the binders was characterized by atomic force microscopy （AFM）. The influence of OMMT on physical properties of the binders before and after long-term aging and ultraviolet （UV） aging was investigated. It was observed that the effect of OMMT on the morphology and aging properties of bitumens depended on the base bitumen. In one case, OMMT affected the dispersed phase in bitumen. In the other case, OMMT affected the bitumen matrix. In both cases, OMMT caused stiffening of the modified phase. Compared with modification of the dispersed phase, modification of the matrix phase showed an obvious improvement on the physical properties as well as the better UV aging properties of bitumens, which was opposite to the long-term aging result.展开更多
We studied the effects of nanoparticles of organo-silane（NOS） compounds in the size range of20–80 nm on physical and mechanical properties in medium density fiberboard,and used NOS at four consumption levels of 0,5...We studied the effects of nanoparticles of organo-silane（NOS） compounds in the size range of20–80 nm on physical and mechanical properties in medium density fiberboard,and used NOS at four consumption levels of 0,50,100,and 150 g kg-1dry wood fibers.Density of all treatments was kept constant at 0.67 g cm-3.The water-repellent property of organo-silane significantly reduced water absorption（WA） and thickness swelling but mechanical properties declined due to the reduced proportion of wood-fiber as organo-silane was added to the matrix：the compression ratio of MDF panels and the integrity among wood-fibers both declined,resulting in reduced mechanical properties.We recommend use of 50 g of NOS/kg wood-fiber to improve WA and thickness swelling while retaining acceptable mechanical properties.展开更多
An organo-montmorillonite-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron material （M-NZVI） was synthesized to degrade decabromodiphenyl ether （BDE-209）. The results showed that nanoscale zero-valent iron had good dispersion...An organo-montmorillonite-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron material （M-NZVI） was synthesized to degrade decabromodiphenyl ether （BDE-209）. The results showed that nanoscale zero-valent iron had good dispersion on organo-montmoriUonite and was present as a core-shell structure with a particle size range of nanoscale iron between 30-90 nm, characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, XRF, ICP-AES, and XPS. The results of the degradation of BDE-209 by M-NZVI showed that the efficiency of M-NZVI in removing BDE-209 was much higher than that of NZVI. The efficiency of M-NZVI in removing BDE-209 decreased as the pH and the initial dissolved oxygen content of the reaction solution increased, but increased as the proportion of water in the reaction solution increased.展开更多
Biosolids were applied with urea to produce a granulated organo-mineral fertiliser (OMF) for application by farm fertiliser equipment to a range of agricultural crops. The recommended rates of nitrogen, phosphate and ...Biosolids were applied with urea to produce a granulated organo-mineral fertiliser (OMF) for application by farm fertiliser equipment to a range of agricultural crops. The recommended rates of nitrogen, phosphate and potash were calculated for the test crops using “The Fertiliser Manual”, which assesses the nutrient requirement based on previous cropping, rainfall and soil index. The OMF produced similar crop yields compared to ammonium nitrate fertiliser when applied as a top-dressing to winter wheat, forage maize and grass cut for silage in the cropping years 2010 to 2014. In 2012 the grain yield of spring barley top-dressed with OMF was significantly lower than the conventional fertiliser treatment, due to dry conditions following application. For this reason it is recommended that OMF is incorporated into the seedbed for spring sown crops and The Safe Sludge Matrix guidelines followed. The experimental work presented shows that OMF can be used in sustainable crop production systems as a source of nitrogen and phosphorus for a range of agricultural crops.展开更多
Silica aerogels were prepared from a mixture of tetraethylorthosilicate and organo- alkoxysilanes. The effects of organo-alkoxysilanes on the mechanical properties of the silica aerogels were studied. The flexibility ...Silica aerogels were prepared from a mixture of tetraethylorthosilicate and organo- alkoxysilanes. The effects of organo-alkoxysilanes on the mechanical properties of the silica aerogels were studied. The flexibility of silica aerogels was significantly improved by incorporation of organo-alkoxysilanes. When MTES and TEOS were combined as precursors of silica areogels, with the increased amount of MTES, the apparent elastic modulus and apparent compressive strength monotonously rose. At the same organo- alkoxysilanes to TEOS ratio, the size of alkyl groups of the organo-alkoxysilanes had little effect on the mechanical properties. In series of MTES and TEOS, the lowest elastic modulus of silica skeleton and the highest compressive strength of silica skeleton were observed at MTES to TEOS ratio of around 50：50. At a certain organo-alkoxysilanes to TEOS ratio, the elastic modulus of silica skeleton increased and the compressive strength of silica skeleton decreased with the size increase of the alkvl grouns.展开更多
Organo-soluble alicyclic polyimides (ALPIs) were synthesized from an alicyclic dianhydride, 1,8-dimethyl-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (DMEA) and several multialkyl-substituted 4,4'-d...Organo-soluble alicyclic polyimides (ALPIs) were synthesized from an alicyclic dianhydride, 1,8-dimethyl-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (DMEA) and several multialkyl-substituted 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane compounds, including 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenyt methane (DMDA), 3,31,5,5'-tetramethyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenyl methane (TMDA) and 3,3',5,5'-tetraethyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane (TEDA). For comparison, the aromatic polyimides (ARPIs) were synthesized from the aromatic dianhydride, 3,3',4,4'-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA) and the same diamines. The ALPIs exhibited better solubility and transparency, but worse thermal stabilities and mechanical properties than those of the ARPIs. And the ALPIs could be dissolved in common organic solvents, such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, m-cresol and so on. The ALPI films had an UV-Vis cut-off at 320 nm and a transmittance of higher than 80% in the visible region. In addition, the ALPIs showed thermal decomposition temperatures (T-d) of about 450degreesC, which was nearly 100degreesC lower than that of the ARPIs.展开更多
In order to synthesize new polyamide（PA） 5 and copolyamides（Co PA） 7a-7d, a new-type of dicarboxylic acid containing triazine ring was successfully synthesized from 2,4-dichloro-6-methoxy-s-triazine 1 and 4-aminob...In order to synthesize new polyamide（PA） 5 and copolyamides（Co PA） 7a-7d, a new-type of dicarboxylic acid containing triazine ring was successfully synthesized from 2,4-dichloro-6-methoxy-s-triazine 1 and 4-aminobenzoic acid. New polyamide 5 containing triazine moiety was prepared from 4,4＇-（6-methoxy-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl）bis（azanediyl）dibenzoic acid 3 and 4,4′-diaminodiphenylether by direct polycondensation reaction. Then new series thermally stable copolyamides 7a-7d with high solubility in common organic solvents were synthesized from the direct polycondensation reaction of diacid 3 as a first monomer, aliphatic-aromatic diacids 6a-6d as second diacids and 4,4′-diaminodiphenylether. All of the above polymers were fully characterized by 1H-NMR and FTIR spectroscopy, elemental analysis（CHN）, inherent viscosity, solubility tests, gel permeation chromatography（GPC）, differential scanning calorimetry（DSC） and thermogravimetric analysis（TGA）. The resulted Co PAs 7a-7d have shown good inherent viscosities, solubility and thermal properties.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter presents an organoid segmentation model based on multi-axis attention with convolution parallel block.MACPNet adeptly captures dynamic dependencies within bright-field microscopy images,improvi...Dear Editor,This letter presents an organoid segmentation model based on multi-axis attention with convolution parallel block.MACPNet adeptly captures dynamic dependencies within bright-field microscopy images,improving global modeling beyond conventional UNet.展开更多
The incorporation of clay nanoplatelets into biodegradable polymers is considered to be one of the best combinations for developing environmentally-benign high-performance materials. We utilized organo-montmorillonite...The incorporation of clay nanoplatelets into biodegradable polymers is considered to be one of the best combinations for developing environmentally-benign high-performance materials. We utilized organo-montmorillonite （OMMT） in ring-opening polymerization of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and adipic acid to prepare biodegradable linear poly （ bisphenol A diglycidyl adipate ） / organomontmorillonite （PBA/OMMT） nanocomposites. The products were analyzed by XRD, TEM, 1H NMR, GPC, DSC and TGA. The results demonstrated that PBA/OMMT nanocomposites were successfully formed and sufficient for the ordinary heating process. OMMT was beneficial for the modification of PBA hydroxyl polyesters on branched rate and polydispersity.展开更多
New organo-soluble poly（amide-imide）s（PAIs） 8a-8f were prepared from newly synthesized 1,2-bis[4,4＇-（trimellitimido） phenoxy]ethane 6 via direct polycondensation with various aromatic diamines.The diacid 6 was ...New organo-soluble poly（amide-imide）s（PAIs） 8a-8f were prepared from newly synthesized 1,2-bis[4,4＇-（trimellitimido） phenoxy]ethane 6 via direct polycondensation with various aromatic diamines.The diacid 6 was synthesized by the condensation reaction of 12-bis[4-atninophenoxy]ethane 4 with trimellitic anhydride 5 in acetic acid.All polymers were obtained in quantitative high yields with inherent viscosities of 0.48-0.61 dL/g.All of these polymers were highly soluble in organic solvents such as,N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone（NMP）,dimethylformamide（DMF）,N,N＇-dimethylacetamide （DMAc） and dimethylsulfoxide（DMSO） at room temperature and were fully characterized by means of NMR spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy,elemental analyses,inherent viscosity,solubility test,specific rotation,differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） and thermogravimetric analysis（TGA）.展开更多
FeOOH supported on organo-bentonite was prepared by organo-bentonite with good absorptive property,and the effects of dosage of the composite adsorbent,temperature,and Cr(Ⅵ)concentration on the removal rate of Cr(Ⅵ)...FeOOH supported on organo-bentonite was prepared by organo-bentonite with good absorptive property,and the effects of dosage of the composite adsorbent,temperature,and Cr(Ⅵ)concentration on the removal rate of Cr(Ⅵ)in the simulated wastewater were studied.The results indicated that the removal effect of Cr(Ⅵ)was good when the mass fraction of organo-bentonite was 3‰.The removal rate of Cr(Ⅵ)from the simulated wastewater could reach the maximum 98.37% under the following conditions:the dosage of the composite adsorbent was 1.0g;the temperature was 25℃;Cr(Ⅵ)concentration was 10mg/L;the oscillating time was 4h.展开更多
Dear Editor,Human cell-based and personalized in vitro cartilage models are urgently needed for osteoarthritis treatment in pre-clinical regenerative medicine development.Cellular self-assemblies and condensations of ...Dear Editor,Human cell-based and personalized in vitro cartilage models are urgently needed for osteoarthritis treatment in pre-clinical regenerative medicine development.Cellular self-assemblies and condensations of the appropriate stem cells could initiate the formation of transient tissue structures programmed for specific organogenesis processes.1 This recapitulation of developmental events has previously been demonstrated for the formation of cardiac,epithelial and liver organoids.However,there has been very limited progress in the development of human cartilage organoids for osteoarthritis(OA).2 Here,we describe the fabrication of functional bioengineered cartilage organoid suitable for OA treatment.Briefly,agarose microwell inserts for formation of a high number of synovial mesenchymal stromal cell(SMSC)organoids with homogeneous size distribution were created as previously described by Leijten et al.33D-cultured SMSC organoids were generated and phenotypically analyzed for potential applications in OA modeling and treatment(Fig.1a).展开更多
A novel hydrogel composite was prepared via inverse suspension polymerization using starch, acrylic acid and organo-mordenite micropowder with the cross- linker, N,N＇-methylenebisacrylamide and the initiator, potassi...A novel hydrogel composite was prepared via inverse suspension polymerization using starch, acrylic acid and organo-mordenite micropowder with the cross- linker, N,N＇-methylenebisacrylamide and the initiator, potassium persulfate. Fourier transform infrared spectro- scopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy confirmed that the acrylic acid was grafted onto the backbone of the corn starch, that the organo-mordenite participated in the polymerization, and that the addition of organo-mordenite improved the surface morphology of the hydrogel composite. The swelling capacity of the hydrogel compo- site was evaluated in distilled water, and solutions with different pH values, and various salt solutions. It was found that the incorporation of 10wt-% organo-mordenite enhanced the water absorbency by 144% （from 268 to 655 g-gl） and swelling was extremely sensitive to the pH values, the concentration of the salt solution and cation type. Swelling kinetics and water diffusion mechanism of the hydrogel composite in distilled water were also discussed. Moreover, the hydrogel composite showed excellent reversibility of water absorption even after five repetitive cycles and the hydrogel composite exhibited significant environmental-responsiveness by changing the swelling medium from distilled water to 0.1 mol. L-1 NaC1 solution. In addition, the loading and release of urea by the hydrogel composite were tested and the nutrient-slow- release capability of this material was found to be suitable for many potential applications.展开更多
Inspired by the freezing tolerance performances found in living creatures, an effect approach is presented to develop novelantifreezing polymeric organohydrogel actuators. Through construction of a bilayer hydrogel in...Inspired by the freezing tolerance performances found in living creatures, an effect approach is presented to develop novelantifreezing polymeric organohydrogel actuators. Through construction of a bilayer hydrogel including a nonresponsivepolyacrylamide (PAAm) layer and a pH-responsive polyacrylic acid (PAA) layer in the presence of a mixed solvent of water andglycerol, organohydrogel actuators that could produce various shape deformations at subzero temperatures have been achieved,and the actuating speed could be tuned by adjusting the temperature and the ratio between glycerol and water. Moreover, aseries of application demonstrations including a weightlifting robot, artificial valve, and robotic arm have been displayed. Inaddition, by introducing the ionic compound KI into the glycerol-based organogel, flexible conductors that could perform stablesensing performance over a wide range of temperatures from -30℃ to 60℃ have been developed.展开更多
Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of the adsorption of copper ions from an aqueous solution using linear alkylbenzene sulfonate （LABORA- TORIES） modified bentonite （organo-bentonite） are reported. Mod...Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of the adsorption of copper ions from an aqueous solution using linear alkylbenzene sulfonate （LABORA- TORIES） modified bentonite （organo-bentonite） are reported. Modification of bentonite was performed via microwave heating with a concentration of LABORA- TORIES surfiactant equivalent to 1.5 times that of the cation exchange capacity （CEC） of the raw bentonite. Experimental parameters affecting the adsorption process such as pH, contact time and temperature were studied. Several adsorption equations （e.g., Langmuir, Freundlich, Sips and Toth） with temperature dependency were used to correlate the equilibrium data. These models were evaluated based on the theoretical justifications of each isotherm parameter. The Sips model had the best fit for the adsorption of copper ions onto organo-bentonite. For the kinetic data, the pseudo-second order model was superior to the pseudo-first order model. Thermodynamically, the adsorption of copper ions occurs via chemisorption and the process is endothermic （△H^0〉0）, irreversible （△S^0〉0） and nonspontaneous （△G^0〉0）.展开更多
Adult tissue-derived organoids allow for the expansion and maintenance of primary epithelial cells in a near-native state.These 3D and self-organizing organotypic cultures derived from adult tissues have been increasi...Adult tissue-derived organoids allow for the expansion and maintenance of primary epithelial cells in a near-native state.These 3D and self-organizing organotypic cultures derived from adult tissues have been increasingly used in fundamental and translational research.A key feature of this organoid system is that it recapitulates the stem cell lineage and thus,the differentiated cell-type heterogeneity of the in vivo tissue of origin.展开更多
文摘Three organo-montmorillonites were prepared using surfactants, and their adsorption behaviors toward sulfamethoxazole（SMX） were investigated. The surfactants used were cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide（CTMAB）, 3-（N,N-dimethylhexadecylammonio） propane sulfonate（HDAPS） and 1,3-bis（hexadecyldimethylammonio）-propane dibromide（BHDAP）. The properties of the organo-montmorillonites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and N2adsorption–desorption isotherm measurements. Results showed that the interlayer spacing of montmorillonite was increased and the surface area as well as the morphology were changed. Batch adsorption experiments showed that the surfactant loading amount had a great effect on the adsorption of SMX. The adsorption process was p H dependent and the maximum adsorption capacity was obtained at p H 3 for HDAPS-Mt, while CTMAB-Mt and BHDAP-Mt showed a high removal efficiency at 3–11. The adsorption capacity increased with the initial SMX concentration and contact time but decreased with increasing solution ionic strength.Kinetic data were best described by the pseudo second-order model. Equilibrium data were best represented by the Langmuir model, and the Freundlich constant（n） indicated a favorable adsorption process. The maximum adsorption capacity of SMX was 235.29 mg/g for CTMAB-Mt, 155.28 mg/g for HDAPS-Mt and 242.72 mg/g for BHDAP-Mt. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated to evaluate the spontaneity and endothermic or exothermic nature. The adsorption mechanism was found to be dominated by electrostatic interaction,while hydrophobic interaction played a secondary role.
基金supported by the USM short-term grant (Ac No.: 8044043)by the USM fellowship scheme for PhD study (to M. Irani)Water Program at University of Wyoming
文摘The purpose of this work is to remove Pb（II） from the aqueous solution using a type of hydrogel composite. A hydrogel composite consisting of waste linear low density polyethylene, acrylic acid, starch, and organo-montmorillonite was prepared through emulsion polymerization method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR）, Solid carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy（CNMR））, silicon-29 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy（Si NMR））, and X-ray diffraction spectroscope（（XRD） were applied to characterize the hydrogel composite. The hydrogel composite was then employed as an adsorbent for the removal of Pb（II） from the aqueous solution. The Pb（II）-loaded hydrogel composite was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR））,scanning electron microscopy（SEM））, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（（XPS））. From XPS results, it was found that the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups of the hydrogel composite participated in the removal of Pb（II）. Kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption of Pb（II）followed the pseudo-second-order equation. It was also found that the Langmuir model described the adsorption isotherm better than the Freundlich isotherm. The maximum removal capacity of the hydrogel composite for Pb（II） ions was 430 mg/g. Thus, the waste linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly（acrylic acid）-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite could be a promising Pb（II） adsorbent.
基金This research was supported by the Science and Technology Key Project of Guangdong(A1070203).
文摘Unsaturated polyester resin （UPR）/acrylate-terminated polyurethane （ATPU）/organo-modified montmorillonite （OMMT） nanocomposites were prepared by the in situ intercalative polymerization method. Samples were prepared by the sequential mixing, i.e. mixture of the ATPU and styrene （S） and OMMT were prepared in the first step; UPR was then added to the pre-intercalates of ATPU/S/OMMT. Results indicate that the mechanical properties and thermal properties of UPR/ATPU/OMMT nanocomposites greatly depend on the amount of ATPU and OMMT. Results show that the addition of ATPU could increase the impact strength of UPR/ATPU composites, but the tensile strength, flexural strength and heat resistance of the materials are obviously decreased. When the weight ratio between UPR, ATPU and OMMT were 82：15：3, the impact strength and heat distortion-temperature of nanocomposite were greatly improved, meanwhile there was little change for other properties of the nanocomposites. The synergistic enhancement effects of ATPU and OMMT on the composites were observed. The structures and morphology of the composites were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50773061)Self-determined and Innovative Research Funds of WUT
文摘Effect of organo-montmorillonite （OMMT） on the morphology and aging properties of various bitumens was studied. The morphology of the binders was characterized by atomic force microscopy （AFM）. The influence of OMMT on physical properties of the binders before and after long-term aging and ultraviolet （UV） aging was investigated. It was observed that the effect of OMMT on the morphology and aging properties of bitumens depended on the base bitumen. In one case, OMMT affected the dispersed phase in bitumen. In the other case, OMMT affected the bitumen matrix. In both cases, OMMT caused stiffening of the modified phase. Compared with modification of the dispersed phase, modification of the matrix phase showed an obvious improvement on the physical properties as well as the better UV aging properties of bitumens, which was opposite to the long-term aging result.
基金conducted as a joint research projectfinanced by SRTTU(Iran)UPM(Malaysia)
文摘We studied the effects of nanoparticles of organo-silane（NOS） compounds in the size range of20–80 nm on physical and mechanical properties in medium density fiberboard,and used NOS at four consumption levels of 0,50,100,and 150 g kg-1dry wood fibers.Density of all treatments was kept constant at 0.67 g cm-3.The water-repellent property of organo-silane significantly reduced water absorption（WA） and thickness swelling but mechanical properties declined due to the reduced proportion of wood-fiber as organo-silane was added to the matrix：the compression ratio of MDF panels and the integrity among wood-fibers both declined,resulting in reduced mechanical properties.We recommend use of 50 g of NOS/kg wood-fiber to improve WA and thickness swelling while retaining acceptable mechanical properties.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Projects of Water Pollution Control andManagement of China (No. 2012ZX07206002)
文摘An organo-montmorillonite-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron material （M-NZVI） was synthesized to degrade decabromodiphenyl ether （BDE-209）. The results showed that nanoscale zero-valent iron had good dispersion on organo-montmoriUonite and was present as a core-shell structure with a particle size range of nanoscale iron between 30-90 nm, characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, XRF, ICP-AES, and XPS. The results of the degradation of BDE-209 by M-NZVI showed that the efficiency of M-NZVI in removing BDE-209 was much higher than that of NZVI. The efficiency of M-NZVI in removing BDE-209 decreased as the pH and the initial dissolved oxygen content of the reaction solution increased, but increased as the proportion of water in the reaction solution increased.
文摘Biosolids were applied with urea to produce a granulated organo-mineral fertiliser (OMF) for application by farm fertiliser equipment to a range of agricultural crops. The recommended rates of nitrogen, phosphate and potash were calculated for the test crops using “The Fertiliser Manual”, which assesses the nutrient requirement based on previous cropping, rainfall and soil index. The OMF produced similar crop yields compared to ammonium nitrate fertiliser when applied as a top-dressing to winter wheat, forage maize and grass cut for silage in the cropping years 2010 to 2014. In 2012 the grain yield of spring barley top-dressed with OMF was significantly lower than the conventional fertiliser treatment, due to dry conditions following application. For this reason it is recommended that OMF is incorporated into the seedbed for spring sown crops and The Safe Sludge Matrix guidelines followed. The experimental work presented shows that OMF can be used in sustainable crop production systems as a source of nitrogen and phosphorus for a range of agricultural crops.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50802050)Science and Technology Research Project of Chinese Ministry of Railways
文摘Silica aerogels were prepared from a mixture of tetraethylorthosilicate and organo- alkoxysilanes. The effects of organo-alkoxysilanes on the mechanical properties of the silica aerogels were studied. The flexibility of silica aerogels was significantly improved by incorporation of organo-alkoxysilanes. When MTES and TEOS were combined as precursors of silica areogels, with the increased amount of MTES, the apparent elastic modulus and apparent compressive strength monotonously rose. At the same organo- alkoxysilanes to TEOS ratio, the size of alkyl groups of the organo-alkoxysilanes had little effect on the mechanical properties. In series of MTES and TEOS, the lowest elastic modulus of silica skeleton and the highest compressive strength of silica skeleton were observed at MTES to TEOS ratio of around 50：50. At a certain organo-alkoxysilanes to TEOS ratio, the elastic modulus of silica skeleton increased and the compressive strength of silica skeleton decreased with the size increase of the alkvl grouns.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under the Grant for Distinguished YoungScholars (No. 59925310).
文摘Organo-soluble alicyclic polyimides (ALPIs) were synthesized from an alicyclic dianhydride, 1,8-dimethyl-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (DMEA) and several multialkyl-substituted 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane compounds, including 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenyt methane (DMDA), 3,31,5,5'-tetramethyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenyl methane (TMDA) and 3,3',5,5'-tetraethyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane (TEDA). For comparison, the aromatic polyimides (ARPIs) were synthesized from the aromatic dianhydride, 3,3',4,4'-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA) and the same diamines. The ALPIs exhibited better solubility and transparency, but worse thermal stabilities and mechanical properties than those of the ARPIs. And the ALPIs could be dissolved in common organic solvents, such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, m-cresol and so on. The ALPI films had an UV-Vis cut-off at 320 nm and a transmittance of higher than 80% in the visible region. In addition, the ALPIs showed thermal decomposition temperatures (T-d) of about 450degreesC, which was nearly 100degreesC lower than that of the ARPIs.
文摘In order to synthesize new polyamide（PA） 5 and copolyamides（Co PA） 7a-7d, a new-type of dicarboxylic acid containing triazine ring was successfully synthesized from 2,4-dichloro-6-methoxy-s-triazine 1 and 4-aminobenzoic acid. New polyamide 5 containing triazine moiety was prepared from 4,4＇-（6-methoxy-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl）bis（azanediyl）dibenzoic acid 3 and 4,4′-diaminodiphenylether by direct polycondensation reaction. Then new series thermally stable copolyamides 7a-7d with high solubility in common organic solvents were synthesized from the direct polycondensation reaction of diacid 3 as a first monomer, aliphatic-aromatic diacids 6a-6d as second diacids and 4,4′-diaminodiphenylether. All of the above polymers were fully characterized by 1H-NMR and FTIR spectroscopy, elemental analysis（CHN）, inherent viscosity, solubility tests, gel permeation chromatography（GPC）, differential scanning calorimetry（DSC） and thermogravimetric analysis（TGA）. The resulted Co PAs 7a-7d have shown good inherent viscosities, solubility and thermal properties.
基金supported by the Xinjiang Tianchi Talents Program(E33B9401)the Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2023D01E15)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62302495)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62373348)。
文摘Dear Editor,This letter presents an organoid segmentation model based on multi-axis attention with convolution parallel block.MACPNet adeptly captures dynamic dependencies within bright-field microscopy images,improving global modeling beyond conventional UNet.
文摘The incorporation of clay nanoplatelets into biodegradable polymers is considered to be one of the best combinations for developing environmentally-benign high-performance materials. We utilized organo-montmorillonite （OMMT） in ring-opening polymerization of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and adipic acid to prepare biodegradable linear poly （ bisphenol A diglycidyl adipate ） / organomontmorillonite （PBA/OMMT） nanocomposites. The products were analyzed by XRD, TEM, 1H NMR, GPC, DSC and TGA. The results demonstrated that PBA/OMMT nanocomposites were successfully formed and sufficient for the ordinary heating process. OMMT was beneficial for the modification of PBA hydroxyl polyesters on branched rate and polydispersity.
文摘New organo-soluble poly（amide-imide）s（PAIs） 8a-8f were prepared from newly synthesized 1,2-bis[4,4＇-（trimellitimido） phenoxy]ethane 6 via direct polycondensation with various aromatic diamines.The diacid 6 was synthesized by the condensation reaction of 12-bis[4-atninophenoxy]ethane 4 with trimellitic anhydride 5 in acetic acid.All polymers were obtained in quantitative high yields with inherent viscosities of 0.48-0.61 dL/g.All of these polymers were highly soluble in organic solvents such as,N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone（NMP）,dimethylformamide（DMF）,N,N＇-dimethylacetamide （DMAc） and dimethylsulfoxide（DMSO） at room temperature and were fully characterized by means of NMR spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy,elemental analyses,inherent viscosity,solubility test,specific rotation,differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） and thermogravimetric analysis（TGA）.
文摘FeOOH supported on organo-bentonite was prepared by organo-bentonite with good absorptive property,and the effects of dosage of the composite adsorbent,temperature,and Cr(Ⅵ)concentration on the removal rate of Cr(Ⅵ)in the simulated wastewater were studied.The results indicated that the removal effect of Cr(Ⅵ)was good when the mass fraction of organo-bentonite was 3‰.The removal rate of Cr(Ⅵ)from the simulated wastewater could reach the maximum 98.37% under the following conditions:the dosage of the composite adsorbent was 1.0g;the temperature was 25℃;Cr(Ⅵ)concentration was 10mg/L;the oscillating time was 4h.
基金This work was funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFB1105600,No.2018YFA0703000)China National Natural Science Funds(No.51631009,No.81802122)+1 种基金Chinese post-doctoral funding(No.2019M661559)the Funds from Shanghai jiao tong university for the Clinical and Translational Research Center for 3D Printing Technology.
文摘Dear Editor,Human cell-based and personalized in vitro cartilage models are urgently needed for osteoarthritis treatment in pre-clinical regenerative medicine development.Cellular self-assemblies and condensations of the appropriate stem cells could initiate the formation of transient tissue structures programmed for specific organogenesis processes.1 This recapitulation of developmental events has previously been demonstrated for the formation of cardiac,epithelial and liver organoids.However,there has been very limited progress in the development of human cartilage organoids for osteoarthritis(OA).2 Here,we describe the fabrication of functional bioengineered cartilage organoid suitable for OA treatment.Briefly,agarose microwell inserts for formation of a high number of synovial mesenchymal stromal cell(SMSC)organoids with homogeneous size distribution were created as previously described by Leijten et al.33D-cultured SMSC organoids were generated and phenotypically analyzed for potential applications in OA modeling and treatment(Fig.1a).
文摘A novel hydrogel composite was prepared via inverse suspension polymerization using starch, acrylic acid and organo-mordenite micropowder with the cross- linker, N,N＇-methylenebisacrylamide and the initiator, potassium persulfate. Fourier transform infrared spectro- scopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy confirmed that the acrylic acid was grafted onto the backbone of the corn starch, that the organo-mordenite participated in the polymerization, and that the addition of organo-mordenite improved the surface morphology of the hydrogel composite. The swelling capacity of the hydrogel compo- site was evaluated in distilled water, and solutions with different pH values, and various salt solutions. It was found that the incorporation of 10wt-% organo-mordenite enhanced the water absorbency by 144% （from 268 to 655 g-gl） and swelling was extremely sensitive to the pH values, the concentration of the salt solution and cation type. Swelling kinetics and water diffusion mechanism of the hydrogel composite in distilled water were also discussed. Moreover, the hydrogel composite showed excellent reversibility of water absorption even after five repetitive cycles and the hydrogel composite exhibited significant environmental-responsiveness by changing the swelling medium from distilled water to 0.1 mol. L-1 NaC1 solution. In addition, the loading and release of urea by the hydrogel composite were tested and the nutrient-slow- release capability of this material was found to be suitable for many potential applications.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51873223,51773215,and 21774138)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFB1105100)+3 种基金the Key Research Program of Frontier Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences(QYZDBSSW-SLH036)the Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo(2018A610035)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(2017337,2019297)the Ningbo Science and Technology Bureau(2016C50009).
文摘Inspired by the freezing tolerance performances found in living creatures, an effect approach is presented to develop novelantifreezing polymeric organohydrogel actuators. Through construction of a bilayer hydrogel including a nonresponsivepolyacrylamide (PAAm) layer and a pH-responsive polyacrylic acid (PAA) layer in the presence of a mixed solvent of water andglycerol, organohydrogel actuators that could produce various shape deformations at subzero temperatures have been achieved,and the actuating speed could be tuned by adjusting the temperature and the ratio between glycerol and water. Moreover, aseries of application demonstrations including a weightlifting robot, artificial valve, and robotic arm have been displayed. Inaddition, by introducing the ionic compound KI into the glycerol-based organogel, flexible conductors that could perform stablesensing performance over a wide range of temperatures from -30℃ to 60℃ have been developed.
文摘Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of the adsorption of copper ions from an aqueous solution using linear alkylbenzene sulfonate （LABORA- TORIES） modified bentonite （organo-bentonite） are reported. Modification of bentonite was performed via microwave heating with a concentration of LABORA- TORIES surfiactant equivalent to 1.5 times that of the cation exchange capacity （CEC） of the raw bentonite. Experimental parameters affecting the adsorption process such as pH, contact time and temperature were studied. Several adsorption equations （e.g., Langmuir, Freundlich, Sips and Toth） with temperature dependency were used to correlate the equilibrium data. These models were evaluated based on the theoretical justifications of each isotherm parameter. The Sips model had the best fit for the adsorption of copper ions onto organo-bentonite. For the kinetic data, the pseudo-second order model was superior to the pseudo-first order model. Thermodynamically, the adsorption of copper ions occurs via chemisorption and the process is endothermic （△H^0〉0）, irreversible （△S^0〉0） and nonspontaneous （△G^0〉0）.
基金This work was supported by the European Research Council under ERC Advanced Grant Agreement no.67013(H.C.and K.B.)。
文摘Adult tissue-derived organoids allow for the expansion and maintenance of primary epithelial cells in a near-native state.These 3D and self-organizing organotypic cultures derived from adult tissues have been increasingly used in fundamental and translational research.A key feature of this organoid system is that it recapitulates the stem cell lineage and thus,the differentiated cell-type heterogeneity of the in vivo tissue of origin.
