To deepen understanding of the evolution of coal char microstructural properties of coal char during the co-pyrolysis of coking coal with additives,this study incorporated two typical additives,coal tar pitch(CTP)and ...To deepen understanding of the evolution of coal char microstructural properties of coal char during the co-pyrolysis of coking coal with additives,this study incorporated two typical additives,coal tar pitch(CTP)and waste plastic(HDPE),into a blended coal sample and carried out pyrolysis experiments.The pyrolysis process and the microstructure of char were systematically characterized using various analytical techniques,including thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and Raman spectroscopy.Data correlation analysis was performed to reveal the mechanism of carbon structural ordering evolution within the critical temperature range(350−600℃)from colloidal layer formation to semi-coke conversion in coking coal,and to elucidate the regulatory effects of different additives on coal pyrolysis pathways.The results indicate that HDPE releases free radicals during high-temperature pyrolysis,accelerating the pyrolysis reaction and increase the yield of volatile components.Conversely,CTP facilitates pyrolysis at low temperatures through its light components,thereby delaying high-temperature reactions due to the colloidal layer’s effect.XRD results indicate that during the process of pyrolysis,there is a progressive decrease in the interlayer spacing of aromatic layers(d002),while the aromatic ring stacking height(L_(c))and lateral size(L_(a))undergo significant of carbon skeleton ordering.Further comparative reveals that CTP partially suppresses structural ordering at low temperatures,whereas HDPE promotes the condensation and alignment of aromatic clusters via a free radical mechanism.Raman spectroscopy reveals a two-stage reorganization mechanism in the microstructure of the coal char:the decrease in the I_(D)/I_(G)ratio between 350 and 550℃is primarily attributed to the cleavage of aliphatic side chains and cross-linking bonds,leading to a reduction in defective structures;whereas the increase in ID/IG between 550 and 600℃is closely associated with enhanced condensation reactions of aromatic structures.Correlation analysis further demonstrates progressive graphitization during pyrolysis,with a significant positive correlation(R^(2)>0.85)observed between d002 and the full width at half maximum of the G-band(FWHM-G).展开更多
The efficient extraction and separation of valuable metal elements from coal gasification fine slag(CGFS)are crucial for the comprehensive high-value utilization of its constituents.This study focused on the carbon-ri...The efficient extraction and separation of valuable metal elements from coal gasification fine slag(CGFS)are crucial for the comprehensive high-value utilization of its constituents.This study focused on the carbon-rich components of CGFS(CGFS-H)and systematically investigates the selective leaching behavior of Fe^(3+),Al^(3+)and Ca^(2+)using three organic acid extractants,i.e.,citric acid,tartaric acid,and tetrasodium iminodisuccinate.Additionally,the stepwise leaching of iron,aluminum and calcium from CGFS-H is explored.The selective dissolution mechanisms of these metals by different organic acids are elucidated through X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray fluorescence(XRF),and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)analyses.The results indicate that tetrasodium iminodisuccinate exhibits the highest leaching selectivity for Fe^(3+),while tartaric acid demonstrateds a comparable affinity for both Fe^(3+)and Al^(3+).In contrast citric acid shows superior selectivity toward Ca^(2+).The leaching yield of Fe^(3+),Al^(3+)and Ca^(2+)after sequential leaching with the three organic acids were 79.8%,65.08%and 78.6%,respectively.These findings confirm that effective and selective separation of Fe^(3+),Al^(3+)and Ca^(2+)from CGFS-H can be achieved via optimized organic acid-based leaching strategies.This advancement provides a critical foundation for developing Ca/Fe/Al hydrotalcite materials using CGFS-H as a sustainable feedstock,thereby facilitating the transformation of waste residue into high-value functional materials and promoting resourceefficient utilization of coal gasification fine slag.展开更多
In this study,a multifunctional aptamer-conjugated magnetic covalent organic framework(COF)-CuO/Au nanozyme(MCOF-CuO/Au@apt)was developed as a“three-in-one”platform for dual-signal colorimetric and fluorescent detec...In this study,a multifunctional aptamer-conjugated magnetic covalent organic framework(COF)-CuO/Au nanozyme(MCOF-CuO/Au@apt)was developed as a“three-in-one”platform for dual-signal colorimetric and fluorescent detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus.The nanozyme integrated magnetic separation,peroxidase-like catalytic activity,and specific target recognition through an aptamer-based strategy.Upon binding to V.parahaemolyticus,the catalytic oxidation of tetra-aminophenylethylene(TPE-4A)by the nanozyme was selectively inhibited,resulting in distinct colorimetric and fluorescent signals that significantly enhanced the detection accuracy and reliability.The proposed method exhibited high sensitivity,with limits of detection(LOD)of 21 and 7 CFU/mL for the colorimetric and fluorescent assays,respectively.The performance of this method was validated using real seafood samples,including Penaeus vannamei,Mytilus coruscus,and Crassostrea gigas,which showed high recovery rates(101.11%-107.30%)and excellent reproducibility.The system also demonstrated strong specificity and accuracy under various conditions,confirming its robustness and practical applicability.Collectively,this innovative platform presents a promising solution for the rapid,versatile,and sensitive detection of V.parahaemolyticus in seafood,with considerable potential to advance food safety diagnosis and on-site monitoring.展开更多
The morphology of active layer plays a critical role in determining the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells(OSCs).However,binary blends often suffer from suboptimal phase separation,which limits the effici...The morphology of active layer plays a critical role in determining the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells(OSCs).However,binary blends often suffer from suboptimal phase separation,which limits the efficiency of OSCs.Herein,two bridging polymer acceptors(PAs)—benzodithiophene-(2-ethylhexyl)oxy(BDT-C2C4)and benzodithiophene-octyloxy(BDT-C_(8))—are designed and synthesized by combining a benzodithiophene(BDT)unit as the donor moiety[poly({4,8-bis[5-(2-ethylhexyl)-4-fluorothiophen-2-yl]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl}){5,8-bis[4-(2-butyloctyl)thiophen-2-yl]dithieno[3',2':3,4]},D18],and a 2,2′-((2Z,2′Z)-{[12,13-Bis(2-butyloctyl)-12,13-dihydro-3,9-dinonylthieno[2,3]thieno[3,2-b]pyrrolo[4,5-g]thieno[2,3-b]indole-2,10-diyl]bis(methanylylidene)}bis(3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile(Y6)derivative as the acceptor moiety.BDT-C2C4 and BDT-C_(8) are functionalized with(2-ethylhexyl)oxy and octyloxy side chains on the BDT unit,respectively.Both PAs show complementary absorption and cascaded energy levels with the donor D18 and the acceptor 2,2′-((2Z,2′Z)-{[12,13-bis(3-ethylheptyl)-3,9-diundecyl-12,13-dihydro-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-e]thieno[2″,3″∶4′,5′]thieno[2′,3′∶4,5]pyrrolo[3,2-g]thieno[2′,3′∶4,5]thieno[3,2-b]indole-2,10-diyl]bis(meth⁃aneylylidene)}bis(5,6-difluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile(N3),but BDT-C_(8) exhibits better compatibility with D18 and N3 compared to BDT-C2C4.When incorporated as a third component into the D18∶N3 blend,both PAs improve the active layer morphology.In particular,the D18∶N3∶BDT-C_(8) blend shows significantly optimized morphology,featuring reduced phase separation and a fibrous network structure.As a result,the device based on D18∶N3∶BDT-C_(8) achieves a power conversion efficiency of 18.18%,significantly higher than that of the device based on D18∶N3(ca.17.37%).This work presents a compatibilizer strategy for optimizing blend morphology towards high-performance ternary OSCs.展开更多
High-performance deep-blue emitters that meet the BT.2020 standard proposed by the International Telecommunication Union(ITU)for organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs)remain highly limited.In this work,four deep-blue em...High-performance deep-blue emitters that meet the BT.2020 standard proposed by the International Telecommunication Union(ITU)for organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs)remain highly limited.In this work,four deep-blue emitters,PP1M,PP2M,PP3M,and PP4M,are designed and synthesized by connecting methylsubstituted biphenyl groups with classical hot exciton building block of phenanthreneimidazole.The introduction of methyl groups contributes to increase the molecular torsion angle and widen the energy gaps for the four compounds.Through appropriate modulation of substitution site,PP3M achieves the highest photoluminescence quantum yield of 85.3%in neat film.As a result,the PP3M-based device exhibits deep-blue light with external quantum efficiency of 7.2%and suppressed efficiency roll-off.The device also shows a small full width at half maximum of 53 nm and the CIE coordinates locate at(0.16,0.04),meeting well with the BT.2020 standard.The high exciton utilization efficiency is primarily ascribed to the hot exciton pathway.This study provides a reliable insight for the design of efficient deep-blue OLEDs with high color purity.展开更多
In this study,using 3,5‑di(3′,5′‑dicarboxylphenyl)‑1H‑1,2,4‑triazole(H4L)as ligands,a gadolinia‑based organic framework complex{[GdNa(L)(H_(2)O)3]·2H_(2)O}_(n)(Gd‑Na‑MOF)was successfully designed and synthesize...In this study,using 3,5‑di(3′,5′‑dicarboxylphenyl)‑1H‑1,2,4‑triazole(H4L)as ligands,a gadolinia‑based organic framework complex{[GdNa(L)(H_(2)O)3]·2H_(2)O}_(n)(Gd‑Na‑MOF)was successfully designed and synthesized by hydrothermal method.The structure and properties were systematically characterized and tested by techniques such as single‑crystal X‑ray diffraction,powder X‑ray diffraction,thermogravimetric analysis,infrared spectroscopy,and fluorescence spectroscopy.The results indicate that this complex has a unique 3D structure,excellent thermal stability,and outstanding luminescent performance.Based on its luminescent properties,a polymer‑embedding method was employed to fabricate the Gd‑Na‑MOF into a flexible,washable composite fluorescent film,Gd‑Na‑MOF@PMMA/BMA(PMMA=polymethyl methacrylate,BMA=butyl methacrylate).This fluorescent film exhibited highly sensitive recognition capability for tyramine,with a low detection limit of 1.66μmol·L^(-1).It was used for the detection of tyramine in bananas,with a recovery rate of 96.92%‑100.26%.CCDC:2466949.展开更多
CO_(2)reduction technology can promote the resource utilization of carbon and help alleviate global warming and energy supply pressure.It is an effective way to achieve energy conversion and utilization.Covalent organ...CO_(2)reduction technology can promote the resource utilization of carbon and help alleviate global warming and energy supply pressure.It is an effective way to achieve energy conversion and utilization.Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)are porous crystalline materials formed by connecting organic monomers through covalent bonds.They have the characteristics of functional diversity and rich chemical properties.Their advantages,such as high porosity,a wide range of visible light absorption,and excellent charge separation efficiency,give them good potential in CO_(2)capture,separation,and conversion.Currently,Cu is a key metal in the catalytic CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)for the preparation of high-value-added chemicals.The preparation of highly stable and large-pore Cu-based COFs using COFs as an ideal sacrificial template for loading Cu can be used to develop high-performance electrocatalysts and photocatalysts.In this review,we discuss the latest advancements in this field,including the development of various Cu-based COFs and their applications as catalysts for CO_(2)RR.Here,we mainly introduce the synthesis strategies,some important characterization information,and the applications of electrocatalytic and photocatalytic CO_(2)conversion using these previously reported Cu-based COFs.展开更多
A series of blue and blue‑green Ir(Ⅲ)complexes has been investigated theoretically to explore their electronic structures,photophysical properties,efficiency roll‑off effect,and thermal activation delayed fluorescenc...A series of blue and blue‑green Ir(Ⅲ)complexes has been investigated theoretically to explore their electronic structures,photophysical properties,efficiency roll‑off effect,and thermal activation delayed fluorescence(TADF)properties.All calculations were performed using density functional theory(DFT)and time‑dependent density functional theory(TDDFT).Calculations for electronic structures,frontier molecular orbital characteristics(which determine the efficiency roll‑off effect of the complexes),and photophysical properties were conducted using the Gaussian 09 software package.The calculation of spin‑orbit coupling matrix elements<T|HSOC|S>,which determine the TADF properties of the complexes,was performed using the ORCA software package.The calculation results show that the auxiliary ligand tetraphenylimidodiphosphinate(tpip),a strong electron‑withdrawing group,can mitigate the efficiency roll‑off effect of the complex.Furthermore,TADF is observed in one of the designed complexes,(F_(3)Phppy)_(2)Ir(tpip),where F_(3)Phppy=2‑[4‑(2,4,6‑trifluorophenyl)phenyl]pyridine.展开更多
Along with decrease of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))concentration in recent years in China,secondary species become increasingly important.This work focuses on characterizing secondary components,and a few importa...Along with decrease of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))concentration in recent years in China,secondary species become increasingly important.This work focuses on characterizing secondary components,and a few important groups of organics including organic nitrogen(ON),organonitrates(OrgN),organosulfates(OS)and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),via online measurement of submicron aerosols(PM_(1))in Nanjing,China,during 2022 summer.The average PM_(1) concentration was 15.39μg/m^(3),dominated by secondary components(69.1%),which were even more important at higher PM_(1) levels.The primary organic aerosols(POA)were from traffic,industry and cooking;the two secondary OA factors were both closely linked with photochemistry,with one(OOA1)being relatively fresh and important in early afternoon and another(OOA2)being aged and important in late afternoon.Sulfate formation was also governed by photochemistry but resembled that of OOA2 not OOA1;nitrate formation was associated strongly with heterogeneous hydrolysis and thermodynamic equilibrium.Results also reveal a possible photochemical reaction channel from POA to OOA1,then to OOA2.Case studies show that formations of secondary components responded differently to different weather conditions and governed summer PM_(1) pollution.The average ON,OrgN,OS and PAHs concentrations were determined to be 122.8,84.4,45.6 and 3.3 ng/m^(3),respectively.ON was dominated by primary sources(53.8%).OrgN varied similarly to nitrate.OS formation was linked with aqueous-phase reactions,which were insignificant therefore its level was low.PAHs was mainly from traffic,and photochemical oxidation might be its important sink during afternoon.展开更多
Glucose,ascorbic acid(AA),uric acid(UA),and dopamine(DA)are vital biomarkers whose dynamic concentrations correlate with critical diseases;however,multiplexed detection remains challenging for conventional electrochem...Glucose,ascorbic acid(AA),uric acid(UA),and dopamine(DA)are vital biomarkers whose dynamic concentrations correlate with critical diseases;however,multiplexed detection remains challenging for conventional electrochemical sensors because of their limited sensitivity and selectivity.Here,we present a millimeter-scale all-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)organic electrochemical transistor(OECT)platform that integrates dual-mode sensing with enzyme/metal-free operation for ultrasensitive biomarker monitoring.By engineering polycrystalline PEDOT:PSS channels via H_2 SO_4 post-treatment,the device achieves record-high conductivity(about(2312.0±29.9)S·cm^(–1)),maximum transconductance(about(2.82±0.12)mS),and on/off ratio(about 210.0±7.8),enabling signal amplification at low gate voltages.The dual-mode strategy combines the selectivity of electrochemistry with the sensitivity of OECTs,realizing simultaneous detection of glucose,AA,UA,and DA with clinical-level sensitivity:detection limits down to 8 nmol·L^(–1)(glucose),0.5 nmol·L^(–1)(AA),5 nmol·L^(–1)(DA),and 0.5 nmol·L^(–1)(UA).Validation using human urine samples yielded recovery rates of 94%–114%.This flexible sensing platform provides a new pathway for the development of wearable biosensors for precision diagnostics.展开更多
Temperature has a substantial impact on the emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds(BVOCs).Moder-ate warm temperatures,e.g.,30–40°C,could boost plant metabolism,increasing BVOC emissions.Against the back...Temperature has a substantial impact on the emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds(BVOCs).Moder-ate warm temperatures,e.g.,30–40°C,could boost plant metabolism,increasing BVOC emissions.Against the backdrop of global warming,plants emit more BVOCs to cope with thermal stress,leading to elevated concen-trations of tropospheric ozone(O_(3))and secondary organic aerosols(SOA).In recent years,a considerable body of research has explored the interaction between tree species and BVOCs under the influence of various environ-mental factors.Although many studies have examined explored the temperature dependence of BVOC emissions in the past,few studies have conducted a comprehensive and in-depth investigation into the impacts of tempera-ture.This review summarizes the relevant studies on BVOCs in the past decade,including the main biosynthetic pathways,emission observation techniques and emission inventories,as well as how temperature affects isoprene and monoterpene emission rates and the formation of O_(3) and SOA.Our work offers a theoretical foundation and guidance for future efforts to advance the comprehension of BVOC emission characteristics and develop strategies to mitigate secondary pollution.展开更多
Although the concentration of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))is reducing continuously,the proportion of secondary organic aerosols(SOA)in PM_(2.5) and the O_(3) levels are increasing.This is causing severe complex a...Although the concentration of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))is reducing continuously,the proportion of secondary organic aerosols(SOA)in PM_(2.5) and the O_(3) levels are increasing.This is causing severe complex atmospheric pollution in North China.It is essential to identify and quantify the driving factors of SOA and O_(3),including the various pollution sources and meteorological factors.PM_(2.5) and volatile organic compounds(VOCs)samples were collected simultaneously in three cities in Shandong Province during different pollution scenarios from 2021 to 2023.Then,the carbonaceous aerosol and 99 VOC species were analyzed.Random forest(RF)combined with positive matrix factorization and an observation-based model(OBM)were used to quantify the key drivers of SOA and O_(3).Aromatic hydrocarbons were the main contributors to secondary organic aerosol potential(74.3%-89.9%),whereas alkenes contributed the most to the ozone formation potential(27.0%-62.3%).The RF modeling identified temperature and NOx as the dominant drivers of ozone formation.These accounted for 47.8%and 17.4%,respectively.Temperature showed a positive correlation with O_(3) because an increase in temperature can promote ozone formation.NOx had a significant negative correlation with O_(3),which was consistent with the conclusions from the sensitivity analysis of the OBM.The dominant contributors to SOA were vehicle emissions,solvent use,and industrial emissions.These accounted for 43.9%,18.2%,and 10.5%,respectively.An evident positive correlation existed between these emission sources and SOA.展开更多
Organic electrochemical transistors(OECTs)are promising for next-generation bioelectronics due to their high performance and biocompatibility.Nevertheless,they still face tremendous operational stability challenges du...Organic electrochemical transistors(OECTs)are promising for next-generation bioelectronics due to their high performance and biocompatibility.Nevertheless,they still face tremendous operational stability challenges due to the limited robustness of the organic mixed ionic-electronic conductor(OMIEC)channel.Here,by modulating the molecular weight(MW)of OMiEC,enhanced OECT and relevant circuit operation stabilities are demonstrated,showing more than 3,000,0o0 full cycles(~42 h)with less than 15%current variation in an OECT,and 150,000 cycles(~4 h)with less than 5%voltage variation in an OECT-based inverter,which are among the highest of reported OECT-based electronics.Specifically,p(g2T-T),a typical p-type OMIEC,with varying MW(7-43 kDa),is synthesized,where lower-MW p(g2T-T)(~9 kDa)exhibits superior device performance and cycling stability in OECTs,outperforming those in high-MW counterparts(>30 kDa).It is indicated that low-MW p(g2T-T)maintains higher volumetric capacitance,ordered orientation,and reduced swelling.Therefore,irreversible microstructural degradation is effectively avoided,along with better performance yield.Furthermore,MW regulation enables physiological signal sensing with high tolerance to body fluid environments for 7 days.These findings highlight MW modulation as a versatile approach to suppress excessive swelling,advancing the design of durable OECT-based electronics.展开更多
The development of non-corrosive and efficient anode interlayers(AILs)is pivotal for advancing highperformance organic optoelectronic devices.Conventional materials such as PEDOT:PSS,though widely adopted,suffer from ...The development of non-corrosive and efficient anode interlayers(AILs)is pivotal for advancing highperformance organic optoelectronic devices.Conventional materials such as PEDOT:PSS,though widely adopted,suffer from significant limitations including acidity,corrosion,and poor device stability.Herein,we propose a novel molecular design strategy by introducing p-πconjugation into a p Hneutral conjugated polyelectrolyte(CPE)(PIDT-T)to simultaneously enhance work function(WF)and electrical conductivity.Through doping with polyoxometalate(POM),the optimized PIDT-T:POM achieves a high WF of 4.85 e V,conductivity of 7.25×10^(-3)S cm^(-1),and>98%optical transmittance.In organic solar cells(OSCs),PIDT-T:POM delivers a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 19.04%,outperforming PEDOT:PSS-based counterparts(18.52%)and representing one of the highest PCEs reported for devices utilizing non-acidic AILs.Moreover,organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs)incorporating PIDTT:POM exhibit a remarkable reduction in turn-on voltage(from 5.8 to 3.0 V)and enhanced luminous efficiency,demonstrating its dual functionality for both OSCs and OLEDs.These findings establish p-πconjugated polyelectrolytes as a powerful molecular platform for next-generation,high-efficiency,and corrosion-free organic optoelectronic applications.展开更多
Redox-active covalent organic polymers(COPs)have emerged as appealing renewable electrode materials for next-generation Li-ion batteries,but their performance is limited by insufficient redox sites and inadequate Li-i...Redox-active covalent organic polymers(COPs)have emerged as appealing renewable electrode materials for next-generation Li-ion batteries,but their performance is limited by insufficient redox sites and inadequate Li-ion diffusion.Here,we develop a novel class of mesoporous covalent organic polymer(namely TF-Azo-COP)bearing multiple redox sites and explore its first use as efficient 18-electron-redox anodes for superior Li-ion storage in both coin-type and fiber-type batteries.The newly produced TF-Azo-COP involves three types of active sites including C=N in triazines and imines,N=N in azo,and C6-ring aromatics to enable 18-Li-ion storage on one repeatable segment,while affording extendedπ-conjugation for fast electron transfer and a pore size of~2.5 nm for facilitated ion diffusion with a high coefficient up to~10^(-10)cm^(2)s^(-1)—superior to some reported organic electrodes.Meriting from the above,pairing TF-Azo-COP with metal Li endows a coin cell with good cycling stability and a large reversible capacity of 795.4 mAh g^(-1)at 0.1 A g^(-1)—representing one of the best performances among reported organic electrodes.When coupled with fiber-shaped LiFePO_(4)cathodes,the assembled fiber cell delivers an excellent combination of linear capacity(0.23 mAh cm^(-1)),energy density(0.55 mWh cm^(-1)),cycling stability(250 cycles),and good flexibility.展开更多
To elucidate the variations in volatile organic compounds(VOCs)among widely cultivated japonica rice varieties in China and offer novel perspectives on flavor formation during rice-based beer brewing,nine prevalent Ch...To elucidate the variations in volatile organic compounds(VOCs)among widely cultivated japonica rice varieties in China and offer novel perspectives on flavor formation during rice-based beer brewing,nine prevalent Chinese japonica rice variaties were selected as experimental materials.Comprehensive analyses were conducted to investigate three key aspects:differences in VOCs among the selected japonica rice varieties,the retention of rice VOCs after beer brewing,and the influence of rice additives on beer sensory characteristics.Results showed that the total contents of VOCs in Wuyoudao 4(WYD4)and Nangeng 9108(NG9108)were significantly higher than those in the other varieties(P<0.05).The popcorn-flavor compound 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline(2-AP)was detected in Suigeng 27(SG27,26.80 ng/g),WYD4(25.25 ng/g),NG9108(21.18 ng/g),and Suigeng 18(SG18,11.62 ng/g),with the levels in the first three varieties significantly higher than those in SG18.Circular heatmap analysis classified the nine japonica varieties into three major categories:fragrant japonica from North China(WYD4),fragrant japonica from South China(NG9108),and others.Ten characteristic VOCs across the japonica varieties were identified by headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(HS-SPME-GC-MS).Using beer brewed with whole wheat as the control,we analyzed the VOCs and sensory characteristics of beer brewed with fragrant japonica rice as an additive.We found that rice VOCs were not detected in beer brewed with fragrant japonica rice as an additive.Adding rice promoted the formation of banana-like flavors and reduced the beer’s richness and mellowness.展开更多
Thermoelectric(TE)materials,which are capable of direct conversion between heat and electricity,offer a promising solution for sustainable energy harvesting.Conjugated polymers have emerged as compelling candidates fo...Thermoelectric(TE)materials,which are capable of direct conversion between heat and electricity,offer a promising solution for sustainable energy harvesting.Conjugated polymers have emerged as compelling candidates for flexible TE devices owing to their intrinsic flexibility,low cost,and low thermal conductivity.The performance of polymer-based organic thermoelectrics(OTEs)is profoundly influenced by the processing methods,which dictate molecular packing,crystallinity,and film morphology.This review systematically summarizes recent advances in polymer processing techniques for TE applications,including solution processing,patterning techniques,and large-area fabrication.We discuss the interrelationships among processing techniques,polymer microstructure,and TE performance,concluding with the current challenges and future perspectives for industrializing high-performance OTE devices.展开更多
Metal organic framework(MOF) assembled with coordination bonds has the disadvantage of poor stability that limits its application in the field of stationary phase,while covalent organic framework(COF)assembled through...Metal organic framework(MOF) assembled with coordination bonds has the disadvantage of poor stability that limits its application in the field of stationary phase,while covalent organic framework(COF)assembled through covalent bonds exhibits excellent structural stability.It has been shown that the stationary phases prepared by combining MOF and COF can make up for the poor stability of MOF@SiO_(2),and the MOF/COF composites have superior chromatographic separation performance.However,the traditional methods for preparing COF/MOF based stationary phases are generally solvent thermal synthesis.In this study,a green and low-cost synthesis method was proposed for the preparation of MOF/COF@SiO_(2) stationary phase.Firstly,COF@SiO_(2) was prepared in a choline chloride/ethylene glycol based deep eutectic solvent(DES).Secondly,another acid-base tunable DES prepared by mixing p-toluenesulfonic acid(PTSA)and 2-methylimidazole in different proportions was introduced as the reaction solvent and reactant for rapid synthesis of MOF/COF@SiO_(2).Compared with the toxic transition metal-based MOFs selected in most previous studies,a lightweight and non-toxic S-zone metal(calcium) based MOF was employed in this study.PTSA and calcium will form the calcium/oxygen-containing organic acid framework in acidic DES,which assembles with terephthalic acid dissolved in basic DES to form MOF.The strong hydrogen bonding effect of DES can facilitate rapid assembly of Ca-MOF.The obtained Ca-MOF/COF@SiO_(2) can be used for multi-mode chromatography to efficiently separate multiple isomeric/hydrophilic/hydrophobic analytes.The synthesis method of Ca-MOF/COF@SiO_(2) is green and mild,especially the use of acid-base tunable DES promotes the rapid synthesis of non-toxic Ca-MOF/COF@silica composites,which offers an innovative approach of greenly synthesizing novel MOF/COF stationary phases and extends their applications in the field of chromatography.展开更多
Microplastic contamination has emerged as a threat in transplantation,with evidence of its presence in human tissues and potential to compromise grafts.Transplant recipients,vulnerable due to immunosuppression and sur...Microplastic contamination has emerged as a threat in transplantation,with evidence of its presence in human tissues and potential to compromise grafts.Transplant recipients,vulnerable due to immunosuppression and surgical exposure,face risk from microplastics via airborne particles,surgical materials,and organ preservation systems.These particles trigger inflammation,oxidative stress,and immune dysregulation—pathways critical in rejection.Microplastics support biofilm formation,potentially facilitating antimicrobial resistance in clinical settings.Despite this risk,transplant-specific research is lacking.We urge action through environmental controls,material substitutions,and procedural modifications,alongside research targeting exposure pathways,biological impact,and mitigation strategies.Transplantation has historically led medical innovation and must do so in confronting this environmental challenge.Leadership from global transplant societies is essential to protect recipients and ensure safe procedures.展开更多
Soil organic matter(SOM)is crucial for ecosystem carbon cycling,soil fertility,and environmental quality.As the main component of SOM,humic substances(HS)are considered a unique category of nonuniformly assembled subs...Soil organic matter(SOM)is crucial for ecosystem carbon cycling,soil fertility,and environmental quality.As the main component of SOM,humic substances(HS)are considered a unique category of nonuniformly assembled substances.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(22378180,22078141)Education Department Foundation of Liaoning Province(JYTMS20230960)。
文摘To deepen understanding of the evolution of coal char microstructural properties of coal char during the co-pyrolysis of coking coal with additives,this study incorporated two typical additives,coal tar pitch(CTP)and waste plastic(HDPE),into a blended coal sample and carried out pyrolysis experiments.The pyrolysis process and the microstructure of char were systematically characterized using various analytical techniques,including thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and Raman spectroscopy.Data correlation analysis was performed to reveal the mechanism of carbon structural ordering evolution within the critical temperature range(350−600℃)from colloidal layer formation to semi-coke conversion in coking coal,and to elucidate the regulatory effects of different additives on coal pyrolysis pathways.The results indicate that HDPE releases free radicals during high-temperature pyrolysis,accelerating the pyrolysis reaction and increase the yield of volatile components.Conversely,CTP facilitates pyrolysis at low temperatures through its light components,thereby delaying high-temperature reactions due to the colloidal layer’s effect.XRD results indicate that during the process of pyrolysis,there is a progressive decrease in the interlayer spacing of aromatic layers(d002),while the aromatic ring stacking height(L_(c))and lateral size(L_(a))undergo significant of carbon skeleton ordering.Further comparative reveals that CTP partially suppresses structural ordering at low temperatures,whereas HDPE promotes the condensation and alignment of aromatic clusters via a free radical mechanism.Raman spectroscopy reveals a two-stage reorganization mechanism in the microstructure of the coal char:the decrease in the I_(D)/I_(G)ratio between 350 and 550℃is primarily attributed to the cleavage of aliphatic side chains and cross-linking bonds,leading to a reduction in defective structures;whereas the increase in ID/IG between 550 and 600℃is closely associated with enhanced condensation reactions of aromatic structures.Correlation analysis further demonstrates progressive graphitization during pyrolysis,with a significant positive correlation(R^(2)>0.85)observed between d002 and the full width at half maximum of the G-band(FWHM-G).
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation(52374279)。
文摘The efficient extraction and separation of valuable metal elements from coal gasification fine slag(CGFS)are crucial for the comprehensive high-value utilization of its constituents.This study focused on the carbon-rich components of CGFS(CGFS-H)and systematically investigates the selective leaching behavior of Fe^(3+),Al^(3+)and Ca^(2+)using three organic acid extractants,i.e.,citric acid,tartaric acid,and tetrasodium iminodisuccinate.Additionally,the stepwise leaching of iron,aluminum and calcium from CGFS-H is explored.The selective dissolution mechanisms of these metals by different organic acids are elucidated through X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray fluorescence(XRF),and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)analyses.The results indicate that tetrasodium iminodisuccinate exhibits the highest leaching selectivity for Fe^(3+),while tartaric acid demonstrateds a comparable affinity for both Fe^(3+)and Al^(3+).In contrast citric acid shows superior selectivity toward Ca^(2+).The leaching yield of Fe^(3+),Al^(3+)and Ca^(2+)after sequential leaching with the three organic acids were 79.8%,65.08%and 78.6%,respectively.These findings confirm that effective and selective separation of Fe^(3+),Al^(3+)and Ca^(2+)from CGFS-H can be achieved via optimized organic acid-based leaching strategies.This advancement provides a critical foundation for developing Ca/Fe/Al hydrotalcite materials using CGFS-H as a sustainable feedstock,thereby facilitating the transformation of waste residue into high-value functional materials and promoting resourceefficient utilization of coal gasification fine slag.
文摘In this study,a multifunctional aptamer-conjugated magnetic covalent organic framework(COF)-CuO/Au nanozyme(MCOF-CuO/Au@apt)was developed as a“three-in-one”platform for dual-signal colorimetric and fluorescent detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus.The nanozyme integrated magnetic separation,peroxidase-like catalytic activity,and specific target recognition through an aptamer-based strategy.Upon binding to V.parahaemolyticus,the catalytic oxidation of tetra-aminophenylethylene(TPE-4A)by the nanozyme was selectively inhibited,resulting in distinct colorimetric and fluorescent signals that significantly enhanced the detection accuracy and reliability.The proposed method exhibited high sensitivity,with limits of detection(LOD)of 21 and 7 CFU/mL for the colorimetric and fluorescent assays,respectively.The performance of this method was validated using real seafood samples,including Penaeus vannamei,Mytilus coruscus,and Crassostrea gigas,which showed high recovery rates(101.11%-107.30%)and excellent reproducibility.The system also demonstrated strong specificity and accuracy under various conditions,confirming its robustness and practical applicability.Collectively,this innovative platform presents a promising solution for the rapid,versatile,and sensitive detection of V.parahaemolyticus in seafood,with considerable potential to advance food safety diagnosis and on-site monitoring.
文摘The morphology of active layer plays a critical role in determining the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells(OSCs).However,binary blends often suffer from suboptimal phase separation,which limits the efficiency of OSCs.Herein,two bridging polymer acceptors(PAs)—benzodithiophene-(2-ethylhexyl)oxy(BDT-C2C4)and benzodithiophene-octyloxy(BDT-C_(8))—are designed and synthesized by combining a benzodithiophene(BDT)unit as the donor moiety[poly({4,8-bis[5-(2-ethylhexyl)-4-fluorothiophen-2-yl]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl}){5,8-bis[4-(2-butyloctyl)thiophen-2-yl]dithieno[3',2':3,4]},D18],and a 2,2′-((2Z,2′Z)-{[12,13-Bis(2-butyloctyl)-12,13-dihydro-3,9-dinonylthieno[2,3]thieno[3,2-b]pyrrolo[4,5-g]thieno[2,3-b]indole-2,10-diyl]bis(methanylylidene)}bis(3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile(Y6)derivative as the acceptor moiety.BDT-C2C4 and BDT-C_(8) are functionalized with(2-ethylhexyl)oxy and octyloxy side chains on the BDT unit,respectively.Both PAs show complementary absorption and cascaded energy levels with the donor D18 and the acceptor 2,2′-((2Z,2′Z)-{[12,13-bis(3-ethylheptyl)-3,9-diundecyl-12,13-dihydro-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-e]thieno[2″,3″∶4′,5′]thieno[2′,3′∶4,5]pyrrolo[3,2-g]thieno[2′,3′∶4,5]thieno[3,2-b]indole-2,10-diyl]bis(meth⁃aneylylidene)}bis(5,6-difluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile(N3),but BDT-C_(8) exhibits better compatibility with D18 and N3 compared to BDT-C2C4.When incorporated as a third component into the D18∶N3 blend,both PAs improve the active layer morphology.In particular,the D18∶N3∶BDT-C_(8) blend shows significantly optimized morphology,featuring reduced phase separation and a fibrous network structure.As a result,the device based on D18∶N3∶BDT-C_(8) achieves a power conversion efficiency of 18.18%,significantly higher than that of the device based on D18∶N3(ca.17.37%).This work presents a compatibilizer strategy for optimizing blend morphology towards high-performance ternary OSCs.
文摘High-performance deep-blue emitters that meet the BT.2020 standard proposed by the International Telecommunication Union(ITU)for organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs)remain highly limited.In this work,four deep-blue emitters,PP1M,PP2M,PP3M,and PP4M,are designed and synthesized by connecting methylsubstituted biphenyl groups with classical hot exciton building block of phenanthreneimidazole.The introduction of methyl groups contributes to increase the molecular torsion angle and widen the energy gaps for the four compounds.Through appropriate modulation of substitution site,PP3M achieves the highest photoluminescence quantum yield of 85.3%in neat film.As a result,the PP3M-based device exhibits deep-blue light with external quantum efficiency of 7.2%and suppressed efficiency roll-off.The device also shows a small full width at half maximum of 53 nm and the CIE coordinates locate at(0.16,0.04),meeting well with the BT.2020 standard.The high exciton utilization efficiency is primarily ascribed to the hot exciton pathway.This study provides a reliable insight for the design of efficient deep-blue OLEDs with high color purity.
文摘In this study,using 3,5‑di(3′,5′‑dicarboxylphenyl)‑1H‑1,2,4‑triazole(H4L)as ligands,a gadolinia‑based organic framework complex{[GdNa(L)(H_(2)O)3]·2H_(2)O}_(n)(Gd‑Na‑MOF)was successfully designed and synthesized by hydrothermal method.The structure and properties were systematically characterized and tested by techniques such as single‑crystal X‑ray diffraction,powder X‑ray diffraction,thermogravimetric analysis,infrared spectroscopy,and fluorescence spectroscopy.The results indicate that this complex has a unique 3D structure,excellent thermal stability,and outstanding luminescent performance.Based on its luminescent properties,a polymer‑embedding method was employed to fabricate the Gd‑Na‑MOF into a flexible,washable composite fluorescent film,Gd‑Na‑MOF@PMMA/BMA(PMMA=polymethyl methacrylate,BMA=butyl methacrylate).This fluorescent film exhibited highly sensitive recognition capability for tyramine,with a low detection limit of 1.66μmol·L^(-1).It was used for the detection of tyramine in bananas,with a recovery rate of 96.92%‑100.26%.CCDC:2466949.
文摘CO_(2)reduction technology can promote the resource utilization of carbon and help alleviate global warming and energy supply pressure.It is an effective way to achieve energy conversion and utilization.Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)are porous crystalline materials formed by connecting organic monomers through covalent bonds.They have the characteristics of functional diversity and rich chemical properties.Their advantages,such as high porosity,a wide range of visible light absorption,and excellent charge separation efficiency,give them good potential in CO_(2)capture,separation,and conversion.Currently,Cu is a key metal in the catalytic CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)for the preparation of high-value-added chemicals.The preparation of highly stable and large-pore Cu-based COFs using COFs as an ideal sacrificial template for loading Cu can be used to develop high-performance electrocatalysts and photocatalysts.In this review,we discuss the latest advancements in this field,including the development of various Cu-based COFs and their applications as catalysts for CO_(2)RR.Here,we mainly introduce the synthesis strategies,some important characterization information,and the applications of electrocatalytic and photocatalytic CO_(2)conversion using these previously reported Cu-based COFs.
文摘A series of blue and blue‑green Ir(Ⅲ)complexes has been investigated theoretically to explore their electronic structures,photophysical properties,efficiency roll‑off effect,and thermal activation delayed fluorescence(TADF)properties.All calculations were performed using density functional theory(DFT)and time‑dependent density functional theory(TDDFT).Calculations for electronic structures,frontier molecular orbital characteristics(which determine the efficiency roll‑off effect of the complexes),and photophysical properties were conducted using the Gaussian 09 software package.The calculation of spin‑orbit coupling matrix elements<T|HSOC|S>,which determine the TADF properties of the complexes,was performed using the ORCA software package.The calculation results show that the auxiliary ligand tetraphenylimidodiphosphinate(tpip),a strong electron‑withdrawing group,can mitigate the efficiency roll‑off effect of the complex.Furthermore,TADF is observed in one of the designed complexes,(F_(3)Phppy)_(2)Ir(tpip),where F_(3)Phppy=2‑[4‑(2,4,6‑trifluorophenyl)phenyl]pyridine.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22361162668 and 42021004)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC3706203).
文摘Along with decrease of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))concentration in recent years in China,secondary species become increasingly important.This work focuses on characterizing secondary components,and a few important groups of organics including organic nitrogen(ON),organonitrates(OrgN),organosulfates(OS)and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),via online measurement of submicron aerosols(PM_(1))in Nanjing,China,during 2022 summer.The average PM_(1) concentration was 15.39μg/m^(3),dominated by secondary components(69.1%),which were even more important at higher PM_(1) levels.The primary organic aerosols(POA)were from traffic,industry and cooking;the two secondary OA factors were both closely linked with photochemistry,with one(OOA1)being relatively fresh and important in early afternoon and another(OOA2)being aged and important in late afternoon.Sulfate formation was also governed by photochemistry but resembled that of OOA2 not OOA1;nitrate formation was associated strongly with heterogeneous hydrolysis and thermodynamic equilibrium.Results also reveal a possible photochemical reaction channel from POA to OOA1,then to OOA2.Case studies show that formations of secondary components responded differently to different weather conditions and governed summer PM_(1) pollution.The average ON,OrgN,OS and PAHs concentrations were determined to be 122.8,84.4,45.6 and 3.3 ng/m^(3),respectively.ON was dominated by primary sources(53.8%).OrgN varied similarly to nitrate.OS formation was linked with aqueous-phase reactions,which were insignificant therefore its level was low.PAHs was mainly from traffic,and photochemical oxidation might be its important sink during afternoon.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52272214,52372082,52466013,52373184,and U24A20660)Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Nos.20242BAB26059,20232BAB204032,20252BAC200290,20252BEJ730349,and 20252BAC240326)Doctoral Start-Up Fund of Jiangxi Science&Technology Normal University(No.2024BSQD16)。
文摘Glucose,ascorbic acid(AA),uric acid(UA),and dopamine(DA)are vital biomarkers whose dynamic concentrations correlate with critical diseases;however,multiplexed detection remains challenging for conventional electrochemical sensors because of their limited sensitivity and selectivity.Here,we present a millimeter-scale all-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)organic electrochemical transistor(OECT)platform that integrates dual-mode sensing with enzyme/metal-free operation for ultrasensitive biomarker monitoring.By engineering polycrystalline PEDOT:PSS channels via H_2 SO_4 post-treatment,the device achieves record-high conductivity(about(2312.0±29.9)S·cm^(–1)),maximum transconductance(about(2.82±0.12)mS),and on/off ratio(about 210.0±7.8),enabling signal amplification at low gate voltages.The dual-mode strategy combines the selectivity of electrochemistry with the sensitivity of OECTs,realizing simultaneous detection of glucose,AA,UA,and DA with clinical-level sensitivity:detection limits down to 8 nmol·L^(–1)(glucose),0.5 nmol·L^(–1)(AA),5 nmol·L^(–1)(DA),and 0.5 nmol·L^(–1)(UA).Validation using human urine samples yielded recovery rates of 94%–114%.This flexible sensing platform provides a new pathway for the development of wearable biosensors for precision diagnostics.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2024YFC3714200)Guangxi Key Research and Development Program,China(No.Guike AB24010074)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22276099,U24A20515 and 22361162668)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20240036)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.KYCX24_1529).
文摘Temperature has a substantial impact on the emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds(BVOCs).Moder-ate warm temperatures,e.g.,30–40°C,could boost plant metabolism,increasing BVOC emissions.Against the backdrop of global warming,plants emit more BVOCs to cope with thermal stress,leading to elevated concen-trations of tropospheric ozone(O_(3))and secondary organic aerosols(SOA).In recent years,a considerable body of research has explored the interaction between tree species and BVOCs under the influence of various environ-mental factors.Although many studies have examined explored the temperature dependence of BVOC emissions in the past,few studies have conducted a comprehensive and in-depth investigation into the impacts of tempera-ture.This review summarizes the relevant studies on BVOCs in the past decade,including the main biosynthetic pathways,emission observation techniques and emission inventories,as well as how temperature affects isoprene and monoterpene emission rates and the formation of O_(3) and SOA.Our work offers a theoretical foundation and guidance for future efforts to advance the comprehension of BVOC emission characteristics and develop strategies to mitigate secondary pollution.
基金supported by Qingdao Natural Science Foundation(No. 23-2-1-224-zyyd-jch)。
文摘Although the concentration of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))is reducing continuously,the proportion of secondary organic aerosols(SOA)in PM_(2.5) and the O_(3) levels are increasing.This is causing severe complex atmospheric pollution in North China.It is essential to identify and quantify the driving factors of SOA and O_(3),including the various pollution sources and meteorological factors.PM_(2.5) and volatile organic compounds(VOCs)samples were collected simultaneously in three cities in Shandong Province during different pollution scenarios from 2021 to 2023.Then,the carbonaceous aerosol and 99 VOC species were analyzed.Random forest(RF)combined with positive matrix factorization and an observation-based model(OBM)were used to quantify the key drivers of SOA and O_(3).Aromatic hydrocarbons were the main contributors to secondary organic aerosol potential(74.3%-89.9%),whereas alkenes contributed the most to the ozone formation potential(27.0%-62.3%).The RF modeling identified temperature and NOx as the dominant drivers of ozone formation.These accounted for 47.8%and 17.4%,respectively.Temperature showed a positive correlation with O_(3) because an increase in temperature can promote ozone formation.NOx had a significant negative correlation with O_(3),which was consistent with the conclusions from the sensitivity analysis of the OBM.The dominant contributors to SOA were vehicle emissions,solvent use,and industrial emissions.These accounted for 43.9%,18.2%,and 10.5%,respectively.An evident positive correlation existed between these emission sources and SOA.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFB3211600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62273073,52273316)+4 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFC2411800,2022YFE0134800)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan(2025ZNSFSC0515)Chengdu Science Technology Bureau(2023-YF06-00028-HZ)and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(ZYGX2025TS009,ZYGX2024XJ029,ZYGX2024XJ031)Sci-entific Research Innovation Capability Support Project for Young Faculty(ZYGXQNJSKYCXNLZCXM-M1P).
文摘Organic electrochemical transistors(OECTs)are promising for next-generation bioelectronics due to their high performance and biocompatibility.Nevertheless,they still face tremendous operational stability challenges due to the limited robustness of the organic mixed ionic-electronic conductor(OMIEC)channel.Here,by modulating the molecular weight(MW)of OMiEC,enhanced OECT and relevant circuit operation stabilities are demonstrated,showing more than 3,000,0o0 full cycles(~42 h)with less than 15%current variation in an OECT,and 150,000 cycles(~4 h)with less than 5%voltage variation in an OECT-based inverter,which are among the highest of reported OECT-based electronics.Specifically,p(g2T-T),a typical p-type OMIEC,with varying MW(7-43 kDa),is synthesized,where lower-MW p(g2T-T)(~9 kDa)exhibits superior device performance and cycling stability in OECTs,outperforming those in high-MW counterparts(>30 kDa).It is indicated that low-MW p(g2T-T)maintains higher volumetric capacitance,ordered orientation,and reduced swelling.Therefore,irreversible microstructural degradation is effectively avoided,along with better performance yield.Furthermore,MW regulation enables physiological signal sensing with high tolerance to body fluid environments for 7 days.These findings highlight MW modulation as a versatile approach to suppress excessive swelling,advancing the design of durable OECT-based electronics.
基金the financial support from the Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission(2242013)。
文摘The development of non-corrosive and efficient anode interlayers(AILs)is pivotal for advancing highperformance organic optoelectronic devices.Conventional materials such as PEDOT:PSS,though widely adopted,suffer from significant limitations including acidity,corrosion,and poor device stability.Herein,we propose a novel molecular design strategy by introducing p-πconjugation into a p Hneutral conjugated polyelectrolyte(CPE)(PIDT-T)to simultaneously enhance work function(WF)and electrical conductivity.Through doping with polyoxometalate(POM),the optimized PIDT-T:POM achieves a high WF of 4.85 e V,conductivity of 7.25×10^(-3)S cm^(-1),and>98%optical transmittance.In organic solar cells(OSCs),PIDT-T:POM delivers a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 19.04%,outperforming PEDOT:PSS-based counterparts(18.52%)and representing one of the highest PCEs reported for devices utilizing non-acidic AILs.Moreover,organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs)incorporating PIDTT:POM exhibit a remarkable reduction in turn-on voltage(from 5.8 to 3.0 V)and enhanced luminous efficiency,demonstrating its dual functionality for both OSCs and OLEDs.These findings establish p-πconjugated polyelectrolytes as a powerful molecular platform for next-generation,high-efficiency,and corrosion-free organic optoelectronic applications.
基金support from Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2020B1515420001 and 2023B1515040027)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Sun Yat-sen University(23yxqntd002)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20242066).
文摘Redox-active covalent organic polymers(COPs)have emerged as appealing renewable electrode materials for next-generation Li-ion batteries,but their performance is limited by insufficient redox sites and inadequate Li-ion diffusion.Here,we develop a novel class of mesoporous covalent organic polymer(namely TF-Azo-COP)bearing multiple redox sites and explore its first use as efficient 18-electron-redox anodes for superior Li-ion storage in both coin-type and fiber-type batteries.The newly produced TF-Azo-COP involves three types of active sites including C=N in triazines and imines,N=N in azo,and C6-ring aromatics to enable 18-Li-ion storage on one repeatable segment,while affording extendedπ-conjugation for fast electron transfer and a pore size of~2.5 nm for facilitated ion diffusion with a high coefficient up to~10^(-10)cm^(2)s^(-1)—superior to some reported organic electrodes.Meriting from the above,pairing TF-Azo-COP with metal Li endows a coin cell with good cycling stability and a large reversible capacity of 795.4 mAh g^(-1)at 0.1 A g^(-1)—representing one of the best performances among reported organic electrodes.When coupled with fiber-shaped LiFePO_(4)cathodes,the assembled fiber cell delivers an excellent combination of linear capacity(0.23 mAh cm^(-1)),energy density(0.55 mWh cm^(-1)),cycling stability(250 cycles),and good flexibility.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(Grant No.LTGN24C020004)the Enterprise Cooperation Project,China(Grant No.HRJYH-202330)+1 种基金the Zhejiang Province Pioneer and Bellwethers Research&Development Project of Science and Technology,China(Grant No.2023C02014)the Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,China(Grant No.CPSIBRFCNRRI-202303).
文摘To elucidate the variations in volatile organic compounds(VOCs)among widely cultivated japonica rice varieties in China and offer novel perspectives on flavor formation during rice-based beer brewing,nine prevalent Chinese japonica rice variaties were selected as experimental materials.Comprehensive analyses were conducted to investigate three key aspects:differences in VOCs among the selected japonica rice varieties,the retention of rice VOCs after beer brewing,and the influence of rice additives on beer sensory characteristics.Results showed that the total contents of VOCs in Wuyoudao 4(WYD4)and Nangeng 9108(NG9108)were significantly higher than those in the other varieties(P<0.05).The popcorn-flavor compound 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline(2-AP)was detected in Suigeng 27(SG27,26.80 ng/g),WYD4(25.25 ng/g),NG9108(21.18 ng/g),and Suigeng 18(SG18,11.62 ng/g),with the levels in the first three varieties significantly higher than those in SG18.Circular heatmap analysis classified the nine japonica varieties into three major categories:fragrant japonica from North China(WYD4),fragrant japonica from South China(NG9108),and others.Ten characteristic VOCs across the japonica varieties were identified by headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(HS-SPME-GC-MS).Using beer brewed with whole wheat as the control,we analyzed the VOCs and sensory characteristics of beer brewed with fragrant japonica rice as an additive.We found that rice VOCs were not detected in beer brewed with fragrant japonica rice as an additive.Adding rice promoted the formation of banana-like flavors and reduced the beer’s richness and mellowness.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China grant(Nos.22305253,22125504,U25A20570 and T2441002)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences grant XDB0520202Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences(No.BNLMS-CXXM-202402)。
文摘Thermoelectric(TE)materials,which are capable of direct conversion between heat and electricity,offer a promising solution for sustainable energy harvesting.Conjugated polymers have emerged as compelling candidates for flexible TE devices owing to their intrinsic flexibility,low cost,and low thermal conductivity.The performance of polymer-based organic thermoelectrics(OTEs)is profoundly influenced by the processing methods,which dictate molecular packing,crystallinity,and film morphology.This review systematically summarizes recent advances in polymer processing techniques for TE applications,including solution processing,patterning techniques,and large-area fabrication.We discuss the interrelationships among processing techniques,polymer microstructure,and TE performance,concluding with the current challenges and future perspectives for industrializing high-performance OTE devices.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.21906124,32302202)Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (No.2017CFB220)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No.ZR2023MH278)。
文摘Metal organic framework(MOF) assembled with coordination bonds has the disadvantage of poor stability that limits its application in the field of stationary phase,while covalent organic framework(COF)assembled through covalent bonds exhibits excellent structural stability.It has been shown that the stationary phases prepared by combining MOF and COF can make up for the poor stability of MOF@SiO_(2),and the MOF/COF composites have superior chromatographic separation performance.However,the traditional methods for preparing COF/MOF based stationary phases are generally solvent thermal synthesis.In this study,a green and low-cost synthesis method was proposed for the preparation of MOF/COF@SiO_(2) stationary phase.Firstly,COF@SiO_(2) was prepared in a choline chloride/ethylene glycol based deep eutectic solvent(DES).Secondly,another acid-base tunable DES prepared by mixing p-toluenesulfonic acid(PTSA)and 2-methylimidazole in different proportions was introduced as the reaction solvent and reactant for rapid synthesis of MOF/COF@SiO_(2).Compared with the toxic transition metal-based MOFs selected in most previous studies,a lightweight and non-toxic S-zone metal(calcium) based MOF was employed in this study.PTSA and calcium will form the calcium/oxygen-containing organic acid framework in acidic DES,which assembles with terephthalic acid dissolved in basic DES to form MOF.The strong hydrogen bonding effect of DES can facilitate rapid assembly of Ca-MOF.The obtained Ca-MOF/COF@SiO_(2) can be used for multi-mode chromatography to efficiently separate multiple isomeric/hydrophilic/hydrophobic analytes.The synthesis method of Ca-MOF/COF@SiO_(2) is green and mild,especially the use of acid-base tunable DES promotes the rapid synthesis of non-toxic Ca-MOF/COF@silica composites,which offers an innovative approach of greenly synthesizing novel MOF/COF stationary phases and extends their applications in the field of chromatography.
文摘Microplastic contamination has emerged as a threat in transplantation,with evidence of its presence in human tissues and potential to compromise grafts.Transplant recipients,vulnerable due to immunosuppression and surgical exposure,face risk from microplastics via airborne particles,surgical materials,and organ preservation systems.These particles trigger inflammation,oxidative stress,and immune dysregulation—pathways critical in rejection.Microplastics support biofilm formation,potentially facilitating antimicrobial resistance in clinical settings.Despite this risk,transplant-specific research is lacking.We urge action through environmental controls,material substitutions,and procedural modifications,alongside research targeting exposure pathways,biological impact,and mitigation strategies.Transplantation has historically led medical innovation and must do so in confronting this environmental challenge.Leadership from global transplant societies is essential to protect recipients and ensure safe procedures.
基金financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFD1500304)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF,China(No.GZC20232641)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(No.2024M753215)。
文摘Soil organic matter(SOM)is crucial for ecosystem carbon cycling,soil fertility,and environmental quality.As the main component of SOM,humic substances(HS)are considered a unique category of nonuniformly assembled substances.
