Guided by the fundamental principles of the whole petroleum system,the control of tectonism,sedimentation,and diagenesis on hydrocarbon accumulation in a rifted basin is studied using the data of petroleum geology and...Guided by the fundamental principles of the whole petroleum system,the control of tectonism,sedimentation,and diagenesis on hydrocarbon accumulation in a rifted basin is studied using the data of petroleum geology and exploration of the second member of the Paleogene Kongdian Formation(Kong-2 Member)in the Cangdong Sag,Bohai Bay Basin,China.It is clarified that the circle structure and circle effects are the marked features of a continental fault petroliferous basin,and they govern the orderly distribution of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons in the whole petroleum systems of the rifted basin.Tectonic circle zones control sedimentary circle zones,while sedimentary circle zones and diagenetic circle zones control the spatial distribution of favorable reservoirs,thereby determining the orderly distribution of hydrocarbon accumulations in various circles.A model for the integrated,systematic accumulation of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons under a multi-circle structure of the whole petroleum system of continental rifted basin has been developed.It reveals that each sag of the rifted basin is an independent whole petroleum system and circle system,which encompasses multiple orderly circles of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons controlled by the same source kitchen.From the outer circle to the middle circle and then to the inner circle,there is an orderly transition from structural and stratigraphic reservoirs,to lithological and structural-lithological reservoirs,and finally to tight oil/gas and shale oil/gas enrichment zones.The significant feature of the whole petroleum system is the orderly control of hydrocarbons by multi-circle stratigraphic coupling,with the integrated,orderly distribution of conventional and unconventional reserves being the inevitable result of the multi-layered interaction within the whole petroleum system.This concept of multi-circle stratigraphic coupling for the orderly,integrated accumulation of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons has guided significant breakthroughs in the overall,three-dimensional exploration and shale oil exploration in the Cangdong Sag.展开更多
Through the study of organic matter enrichment,hydrocarbon generation and accumulation process of black shale of the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation in the Songliao Basin,the enrichment mechanism of Gulong shale oil ...Through the study of organic matter enrichment,hydrocarbon generation and accumulation process of black shale of the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation in the Songliao Basin,the enrichment mechanism of Gulong shale oil and the distribution of conventional–unconventional oil are revealed.The Songliao Basin is a huge interior lake basin formed in the Early Cretaceous under the control of the subduction and retreat of the western Pacific plate and the massive horizontal displacement of the Tanlu Fault Zone in Northeast China.During the deposition of the Qingshankou Formation,strong terrestrial hydrological cycle led to the lake level rise of the ancient Songliao Basin and the input of a large amount of nutrients,resulting in planktonic bacteria and algae flourish.Intermittent seawater intrusion events promoted the formation of salinization stratification and anoxic environment in the lake,which were beneficial to the enrichment of organic matters.Biomarkers analysis confirms that the biogenic organic matter of planktonic bacteria and algae modified by microorganisms plays an important role in the formation of high-quality source rocks with high oil generation capability.There are four favorable conditions for the enrichment of light shale oil in the Qingshankou Formation of the Gulong Sag,Songliao Basin:the moderate organic matter abundance and high oil potential provide sufficient material basis for oil enrichment;high degree of thermal evolution makes shale oil have high GOR and good mobility;low hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency leads to a high content of retained hydrocarbons in the source rock;and the confinement effect of intra-layer cement in the high maturity stage induces the efficient accumulation of light shale oil.The restoration of hydrocarbon accumulation process suggests that liquid hydrocarbons generated in the early(low–medium maturity)stage of the Qingshankou Formation source rocks accumulated in placanticline and slope after long-distance secondary migration,forming high-quality conventional and tight oil reservoirs.Light oil generated in the late(medium–high maturity)stage accumulated in situ,forming about 15 billion tons of Gulong shale oil resources,which finally enabled the orderly distribution of conventional–unconventional oils that are contiguous horizontally and superposed vertically within the basin,showing a complete pattern of“whole petroleum system”with conventional oil,tight oil and shale oil in sequence.展开更多
By using the latest geological,seismic,drilling and logging data,this article studies the basic conditions for the formation of the total petroleum system and the orderly coexisting characteristics and accumulation mo...By using the latest geological,seismic,drilling and logging data,this article studies the basic conditions for the formation of the total petroleum system and the orderly coexisting characteristics and accumulation models of conventional&unconventional reservoirs in the Lower Permian Fengcheng Formation in the Junggar Basin.Controlled by thermal evolution,hydrocarbon generation and expulsion process of the high-quality source rocks in alkaline lake as well as the characteristics of multi-type reservoirs(conglomerate,sandstone,dolomite and shale),conventional structure-lithologic reservoirs and tight oil and shale oil reservoirs controlled by source-reservoir structure have been formed.On the plane,mature conventional reservoirs,medium-high mature tight oil,and medium-high mature shale oil reservoirs coexist orderly from the slope area around Mahu sag to the sag.Based on the orderly coexisting characteristics of conventional and unconventional reservoirs in the Fengcheng Formation,it is clear that oil and gas in the Fengcheng Formation accumulate continuously over a large area in three accumulation models:integrated source-reservoir,source-reservoir in close contact,and separated source-reservoir model.The three accumulation models differ in relationship between source-reservoir structure,reservoir lithology and spatial distribution,hydrocarbon migration,oil and gas type.It is pointed out that the conventional&unconventional oil and gas should be explored and developed as a whole to achieve an overall breakthrough of the total petroleum system.This study is expected to enrich the geological theory of oil and gas enrichment in continental basins and to provide an analogy for exploration and research in other hydrocarbon-rich sags.展开更多
The orderly delay control technique for a new type of arthropod robot is studied in this pa- per. The orderly delay controller is composed of three parts. The first part is a central pattern gener- ator （CPG） with p...The orderly delay control technique for a new type of arthropod robot is studied in this pa- per. The orderly delay controller is composed of three parts. The first part is a central pattern gener- ator （CPG） with periodical output. The second part is a neural pathway （NP） that generates the time delay characteristic of various gait patterns. The last part is a locomotion nerve center （ LNC ） that decides the frequency of the CPG output and generates orderly phase delay by changing the pa- rameters of NP. And then signals that fit for different gaits can be obtained through the regulation of LNC. Experiments are implemented with a robot following mathematical simulation of the controller. The experimental results show that various gait patterns can be realized successfully with the method proposed in this paper.展开更多
Taking a hydrocarbon zone or a basin group as a unit,this paper analyzed the vertical hydrocarbon generation regularity of onshore and offshore oil and gasfields in China,based on the theory of co-control of source an...Taking a hydrocarbon zone or a basin group as a unit,this paper analyzed the vertical hydrocarbon generation regularity of onshore and offshore oil and gasfields in China,based on the theory of co-control of source and heat.The results demonstrated that the hydrocarbon generation modes of oil and gasfields in China are orderly.First,the hydrocarbon zones in southeastern China offshore area,including the East and South China Sea basins,are dominated by single hydrocarbon generation mode,which displays as either single oil generation in the near shore or single gas generation in the offshore controlled by both source and heat.Second,the eastern hydrocarbon zones,including the Bohai Bay,Songliao and Jianghan basins and the North and South Yellow Sea basins,are dominated by a two-layer hydrocarbon generation mode,which performs as“upper oil and lower gas”.Third,the central hydrocarbon zones,including the Ordos,Sichuan and Chuxiong basins,are also dominated by the“upper oil and lower gas”two-layer hydrocarbon generation mode.In the Ordos Basin,gas is mainly generated in the Triassic,and oil is predominantly generated in the Paleozoic.In the Sichuan Basin,oil was discovered in the Jurassic,and gas was mostly discovered in the Sinian and Triassic.Fourth,the western hydrocarbon zones are dominated by a“sandwich”multi-layer mode,such as the Junggar,Tarim,Qaidam basins.In summary,the theory of co-control of source and heat will be widely applied to oil and gas exploration all over China.Oil targets should be focused on the near shore areas in the southeastern China sea,the upper strata in the eastern and middle hydrocarbon zones,and the Ordovician,Permian and Paleogene strata in the western hydrocarbon zone,while gas targets should be focused on the off-shore areas in the southeastern China sea,the Cambrian,Carboniferous,Jurassic,and Quaternary strata in the western hydrocarbon zone.A pattern of exploring gasfields under or outside oilfields and oilfields under or outside gasfields is presented.Therefore,there is still a great prospect for oil and gas exploration in China.展开更多
From May 31 to June 3,Mr.Ji Bingxuan,Vice-Chairman of NPC Standing Committee and Vice-President of CAFIU visited Canada,leading a CAFIU delegation.During the visit,he attended a seminar themed"China’s Economic a...From May 31 to June 3,Mr.Ji Bingxuan,Vice-Chairman of NPC Standing Committee and Vice-President of CAFIU visited Canada,leading a CAFIU delegation.During the visit,he attended a seminar themed"China’s Economic and Social Development"jointly hosted by the Chinese Embassy in Canada and the Canadian International Council,and delivered a keynote speech.The following is the full text of the speech.展开更多
In the paper, the feature of strong earthquake orderly distribution in time, space and intensity before the Western Kunlun Mountain Pass M=8.1 earthquake is preliminarily studied. The modulation and triggering factors...In the paper, the feature of strong earthquake orderly distribution in time, space and intensity before the Western Kunlun Mountain Pass M=8.1 earthquake is preliminarily studied. The modulation and triggering factors such as the earth rotation, earth tides are analyzed. The results show that: the giant earthquakes with the magnitude more than 8 occurred about every 24 years and the earthquakes with the magnitude more than 7 about every 7 years in Chinese mainland. The Western Kunlun Mountain M=8.1 earthquake exactly occurred at the expected time; The spatial distance show approximately the same distances between each two swarms. The earth rotation, earth tide, sun tide and sun magnetic field have played a role of modulation and triggering in the intensity. At last, the condi-tions for earthquake generation and occurrence are also discussed.展开更多
At present,changes of great consequence for our world are unfolding in unprecedented ways.These changes present both strategic opportunities and serious challenges.Confronting the critical global issues facing the wor...At present,changes of great consequence for our world are unfolding in unprecedented ways.These changes present both strategic opportunities and serious challenges.Confronting the critical global issues facing the world today,such as the deficits in peace,development,security,and governance.展开更多
Based on the petroleum exploration in the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation,northern Songliao Basin,NE China,integrated with seismic,drilling and logging data,this study investigates the characteristics and genetic mec...Based on the petroleum exploration in the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation,northern Songliao Basin,NE China,integrated with seismic,drilling and logging data,this study investigates the characteristics and genetic mechanisms of orderly distribution and the differential enrichment patterns of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons in the formation.Key findings involve five aspects.First,the conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons coexist orderly.Laterally,conventional oil,tight oil,and shale oil form a pattern of orderly accumulation from basin margins to the center.Vertically,shale oil,tight oil,and conventional oil develop progressively upward.Second,the coupled tectonic-sedimentary processes govern sedimentary facies differentiation and diagenesis,influencing reservoir physical properties and lithology,thereby controlling the orderly distribution of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons in space.Third,the coupling of source rock hydrocarbon generation evolution,fault sealing capacity,and reservoir densification determines the orderly coexistence pattern of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons.Fourth,sequential variations in reservoir physical properties generate distinct dynamic fields that regulate hydrocarbon orderly accumulation.Fifth,enrichment controls are different depending on hydrocarbon types:buoyancy-driven,fault-transport,sandbody-connected,and trap-concentrated,for above-source conventional oil;overpressure-driven,fault-transport,multi-stacked sandbodies,and quasi-continuous distribution for near-source tight oil and gas;self-sourced reservoirs,retention through self-sealing,in-situ accumulation or micro-migration driven by hydrocarbon-generation overpressure for inner-source shale oil.From exploration practices,these findings will effectively guide the integrated deployment and three-dimensional exploration of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon resources in the Qingshankou Formation,northern Songliao Basin.展开更多
Due to the effects of windless and sunless weather, new power systems dominated by renewable energy sources experience power supply shortages, which lead to severe electricity shortages. Because of the insufficient pr...Due to the effects of windless and sunless weather, new power systems dominated by renewable energy sources experience power supply shortages, which lead to severe electricity shortages. Because of the insufficient proportion of controllable thermal power in these systems, this problem must be addressed from the load side. This study proposes an orderly power utilization(OPU) method with load as the primary dispatching object to address the problem of severe electricity shortages. The principles and architecture of the new urban power grid(NUPG) OPU are proposed to complete the load curtailment task and minimize the effects on social production and daily life. A flexible load baseline division method is proposed that considers the effects of factors such as gross domestic product, pollutant emission, and carbon emission to increase the flexibility and applicability of the proposed method. In addition, an NUPG OPU model based on the load baseline is proposed, in which the electric quantity balance aggregator(EQBA) serves as a regular participant in the OPU and eliminates the need for other user involvement within its capacity range. The electric quantity reserve aggregator(EQRA) functions as a supplementary participant in the OPU and primarily performs the remaining tasks of the EQBA. The electric power balance aggregator primarily offsets the power fluctuations of the OPU. Case studies demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed model in ensuring the completion of the load curtailment task, enhancing the flexibility and fairness of OPUs, and improving the applicability of the proposed method.展开更多
Aiming at the problem of increasing the peak-to-valley difference of grid load and the rising cost of user charging caused by the disorderly charging of large-scale electric vehicles,this paper proposes a coordinated ...Aiming at the problem of increasing the peak-to-valley difference of grid load and the rising cost of user charging caused by the disorderly charging of large-scale electric vehicles,this paper proposes a coordinated charging scheduling strategy for multiple types of electric vehicles based on the degree of urgency of vehicle use.First,considering the range loss characteristics,dynamic time-sharing tariff mechanism,and user incentive policy in the lowtemperature environment of northern winter,a differentiated charging model is constructed for four types of vehicles:family cars,official cars,buses,and cabs.Then,we innovatively introduce the urgency parameter of charging demand for multiple types of vehicles and dynamically divide the emergency and non-emergency charging modes according to the difference between the regular charging capacity and the user’s minimum power demand.When the conventional charging capacity is less than the minimum power demand of the vehicle within the specified time,it is the emergency vehicle demand,and this type of vehicle is immediately charged in fast charging mode after connecting to the grid.On the contrary,it is a non-emergency demand,and the vehicle is connected to the grid to choose the appropriate time to charge in conventional charging mode.Finally,by optimizing the objective function to minimize the peakto-valley difference between the grid and the vehicle owner’s charging cost,and designing the charging continuity constraints to avoid battery damage,it ensures that the vehicle is efficiently dispatched under the premise of meeting the minimum power demand.Simulation results show that the proposed charging strategy can reduce the charging cost of vehicle owners by 26.33%,reduce the peak-to-valley difference rate of the grid by 29.8%,and significantly alleviate the congestion problem during peak load hours,compared with the disordered charging mode,while ensuring that the electric vehicles are not overcharged and meet the electricity demand of vehicle owners.This paper solves the problems of the existing research on the singularity of vehicle models and the lack of environmental adaptability and provides both economic and practical solutions for the cooperative optimization of electric vehicles and power grids in multiple scenarios.展开更多
The implementation of the standard is expected to help electric vehicle battery swap stations to adapt to diversified needs and vehicle models,promoting the industry’s orderly and healthy development.
Aqueous zinc-ion electrochromic(EC)technology,boasting the capability to fulfill both safety and cost-ef⁃fectiveness requirements,is garnering extensive attention in various application areas including smart windows,t...Aqueous zinc-ion electrochromic(EC)technology,boasting the capability to fulfill both safety and cost-ef⁃fectiveness requirements,is garnering extensive attention in various application areas including smart windows,thermal management,displays,and camouflage.However,typical inorganic EC materials,such as tungsten oxides(WO_(3)),of⁃ten suffer from slow ion diffusion kinetics and limited optical contrast within the aqueous Zn^(2+)electrolyte because of the large size and strong Coulombic interactions of the Zn^(2+),which limits their wide applicability.Here,ordered WO_(3)nanowire films,constructed by a one-step grazing angle deposition method,is demonstrated to boost the response speed and optical contrast during EC phenomena.Compared with dense films,the ordered WO_(3)nanowire films with a porosity of 44.6%demonstrate anti-reflective property and excellent comprehensive EC performance,including fast response time(3.6 s and 1.2 s for coloring and bleaching,respectively),large optical contrast(66.6%at 700 nm)and high col⁃oration efficiency(64.3 cm^(2)·C^(-1)).A large-area prototype EC device(17 cm×12 cm)with fast color-switching is also successfully achieved.Mechanistic studies show that the improved performance is mainly due to the ordered porous nanowire structures,which provides direct electron transfer paths and sufficient interfacial contacts,thus simultaneously enhancing the electrochemical activity and fast redox kinetics.This study provides a simple and effective strategy to im⁃prove the performance of tungsten oxide-based aqueous zinc ion EC materials and devices.展开更多
为了客观评价地下空间开发地质适宜性并为评价工作提供一种新思路和参考,提出了一种基于三角模糊数的模糊层次分析法(fuzzy analytic hierarchy process based on triangular fuzzy numbers,FAHP)和优劣解距离法(technique for order pr...为了客观评价地下空间开发地质适宜性并为评价工作提供一种新思路和参考,提出了一种基于三角模糊数的模糊层次分析法(fuzzy analytic hierarchy process based on triangular fuzzy numbers,FAHP)和优劣解距离法(technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution,TOPSIS)相结合的评价方法。通过地质调查研究构建基于土体工程地质性质、水文地质条件、不良地质作用、地形地貌等影响因素为主的层次分析关系模型。基于专家判别利用FAHP计算各评价因素的权重,以各评价指标层的分级临界值作为典型评价样本,利用TOPSIS法对适宜性等级进行非等分划分,基于区间值优化的TOPSIS法建立最终评价模型,通过ArcGIS的空间分析功能等确定每个评价单元适宜性等级。该方法与传统方法相比一定程度上减少了评价过程中专家评判的过多主观影响,评价过程更倾向于定量化,结果更为客观。利用该方法对无锡市区浅层地下空间开发地质适宜性进行评价,评价结果与实际工程经验相符,证明了该方法的有效性,因此该方法对地下空间开发适宜性评价工作具有一定借鉴意义。展开更多
A graph has the unique path property UPPn if there is a unique path of length n between any ordered pair of nodes. This paper reiterates Royle and MacKay＇s technique for constructing orderly algorithms. We wish to u...A graph has the unique path property UPPn if there is a unique path of length n between any ordered pair of nodes. This paper reiterates Royle and MacKay＇s technique for constructing orderly algorithms. We wish to use this technique to enumerate all UPP2 graphs of small orders 3^2 and 4^2. We attempt to use the direct graph formalism and find that the algorithm is inefficient. We introduce a generalised problem and derive algebraic and combinatoric structures with appropriate structure. Then we are able to design an orderly algorithm to determine all UPP2 graphs of order 3^2, which runs fast enough. We hope to be able to determine the UPP2 graphs of order 4^2 in the near future.展开更多
Introducing B2 ordering can effectively improve the mechanical properties of lightweight refractory high-entropy alloys(LRHEAs).However,(Zr,Al)-enriched B2 precipitates generally reduce the ductility because their ord...Introducing B2 ordering can effectively improve the mechanical properties of lightweight refractory high-entropy alloys(LRHEAs).However,(Zr,Al)-enriched B2 precipitates generally reduce the ductility because their ordering characteristic is destroyed after dislocation shearing.Meanwhile,the local chemical order(LCO)cannot provide an adequate strengthening effect due to its small size.展开更多
Global warming during the last century has been a well-known fact. Despite arguments and uncertainties in explanations, most scientists agree that this century-scale warming trend is attributable to human activities. ...Global warming during the last century has been a well-known fact. Despite arguments and uncertainties in explanations, most scientists agree that this century-scale warming trend is attributable to human activities. According to the recent assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change （IPCC, 2007） based on worldwide scientific results,展开更多
The stable nanobubbles adhered to mineral surfaces may facilitate their efficient separation via flotation in the mining industry.However,the state of nanobubbles on mineral solid surfaces is still elusive.In this stu...The stable nanobubbles adhered to mineral surfaces may facilitate their efficient separation via flotation in the mining industry.However,the state of nanobubbles on mineral solid surfaces is still elusive.In this study,molecular dynamics(MD)simulations are employed to examine mineral-like model surfaces with varying degrees of hydrophobicity,modulated by surface charges,to elucidate the adsorption behavior of nanobubbles at the interface.Our findings not only contribute to the fundamental understanding of nanobubbles but also have potential applications in the mining industry.We observed that as the surface charge increases,the contact angle of the nanobubbles increases accordingly with shape transformation from a pancake-like gas film to a cap-like shape,and ultimately forming a stable nanobubble upon an ordered water monolayer.When the solid–water interactions are weak with a small partial charge,the hydrophobic gas(N_(2))molecules accumulate near the solid surfaces.However,we have found,for the first time,that gas molecules assemble a nanobubble on the water monolayer adjacent to the solid surfaces with large partial charges.Such phenomena are attributed to the formation of a hydrophobic water monolayer with a hydrogen bond network structure near the surface.展开更多
In integrated circuit(IC)manufacturing,fast,nondestructive,and precise detection of defects in patterned wafers,realized by bright-field microscopy,is one of the critical factors for ensuring the final performance and...In integrated circuit(IC)manufacturing,fast,nondestructive,and precise detection of defects in patterned wafers,realized by bright-field microscopy,is one of the critical factors for ensuring the final performance and yields of chips.With the critical dimensions of IC nanostructures continuing to shrink,directly imaging or classifying deep-subwavelength defects by bright-field microscopy is challenging due to the well-known diffraction barrier,the weak scattering effect,and the faint correlation between the scattering cross-section and the defect morphology.Herein,we propose an optical far-field inspection method based on the form-birefringence scattering imaging of the defective nanostructure,which can identify and classify various defects without requiring optical super-resolution.The technique is built upon the principle of breaking the optical form birefringence of the original periodic nanostructures by the defect perturbation under the anisotropic illumination modes,such as the orthogonally polarized plane waves,then combined with the high-order difference of far-field images.We validated the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method in detecting deep subwavelength defects through rigid vector imaging modeling and optical detection experiments of various defective nanostructures based on polarization microscopy.On this basis,an intelligent classification algorithm for typical patterned defects based on a dual-channel AlexNet neural network has been proposed,stabilizing the classification accuracy ofλ/16-sized defects with highly similar features at more than 90%.The strong classification capability of the two-channel network on typical patterned defects can be attributed to the high-order difference image and its transverse gradient being used as the network’s input,which highlights the polarization modulation difference between different patterned defects more significantly than conventional bright-field microscopy results.This work will provide a new but easy-to-operate method for detecting and classifying deep-subwavelength defects in patterned wafers or photomasks,which thus endows current online inspection equipment with more missions in advanced IC manufacturing.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(2024ZD1400101)China National Key Research and Development Project(2022YFF0801204)Major Science and Technology Project of CNPC(2023ZZ15YJ01,2021DJ0702)。
文摘Guided by the fundamental principles of the whole petroleum system,the control of tectonism,sedimentation,and diagenesis on hydrocarbon accumulation in a rifted basin is studied using the data of petroleum geology and exploration of the second member of the Paleogene Kongdian Formation(Kong-2 Member)in the Cangdong Sag,Bohai Bay Basin,China.It is clarified that the circle structure and circle effects are the marked features of a continental fault petroliferous basin,and they govern the orderly distribution of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons in the whole petroleum systems of the rifted basin.Tectonic circle zones control sedimentary circle zones,while sedimentary circle zones and diagenetic circle zones control the spatial distribution of favorable reservoirs,thereby determining the orderly distribution of hydrocarbon accumulations in various circles.A model for the integrated,systematic accumulation of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons under a multi-circle structure of the whole petroleum system of continental rifted basin has been developed.It reveals that each sag of the rifted basin is an independent whole petroleum system and circle system,which encompasses multiple orderly circles of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons controlled by the same source kitchen.From the outer circle to the middle circle and then to the inner circle,there is an orderly transition from structural and stratigraphic reservoirs,to lithological and structural-lithological reservoirs,and finally to tight oil/gas and shale oil/gas enrichment zones.The significant feature of the whole petroleum system is the orderly control of hydrocarbons by multi-circle stratigraphic coupling,with the integrated,orderly distribution of conventional and unconventional reserves being the inevitable result of the multi-layered interaction within the whole petroleum system.This concept of multi-circle stratigraphic coupling for the orderly,integrated accumulation of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons has guided significant breakthroughs in the overall,three-dimensional exploration and shale oil exploration in the Cangdong Sag.
基金Supported by the Heilongjiang Province S&D Project(2022-JS-1740,2022-JS-1853)China National Petroleum Corporation Scientific Research and Technological Development Project(2021DJ1808).
文摘Through the study of organic matter enrichment,hydrocarbon generation and accumulation process of black shale of the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation in the Songliao Basin,the enrichment mechanism of Gulong shale oil and the distribution of conventional–unconventional oil are revealed.The Songliao Basin is a huge interior lake basin formed in the Early Cretaceous under the control of the subduction and retreat of the western Pacific plate and the massive horizontal displacement of the Tanlu Fault Zone in Northeast China.During the deposition of the Qingshankou Formation,strong terrestrial hydrological cycle led to the lake level rise of the ancient Songliao Basin and the input of a large amount of nutrients,resulting in planktonic bacteria and algae flourish.Intermittent seawater intrusion events promoted the formation of salinization stratification and anoxic environment in the lake,which were beneficial to the enrichment of organic matters.Biomarkers analysis confirms that the biogenic organic matter of planktonic bacteria and algae modified by microorganisms plays an important role in the formation of high-quality source rocks with high oil generation capability.There are four favorable conditions for the enrichment of light shale oil in the Qingshankou Formation of the Gulong Sag,Songliao Basin:the moderate organic matter abundance and high oil potential provide sufficient material basis for oil enrichment;high degree of thermal evolution makes shale oil have high GOR and good mobility;low hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency leads to a high content of retained hydrocarbons in the source rock;and the confinement effect of intra-layer cement in the high maturity stage induces the efficient accumulation of light shale oil.The restoration of hydrocarbon accumulation process suggests that liquid hydrocarbons generated in the early(low–medium maturity)stage of the Qingshankou Formation source rocks accumulated in placanticline and slope after long-distance secondary migration,forming high-quality conventional and tight oil reservoirs.Light oil generated in the late(medium–high maturity)stage accumulated in situ,forming about 15 billion tons of Gulong shale oil resources,which finally enabled the orderly distribution of conventional–unconventional oils that are contiguous horizontally and superposed vertically within the basin,showing a complete pattern of“whole petroleum system”with conventional oil,tight oil and shale oil in sequence.
基金Supported by the China National Science and Technology Major Project(2017ZX05001-004,2016ZX05046-006)Petrochina Science and Technology Major Project(2019E-2601,2019E-2602)。
文摘By using the latest geological,seismic,drilling and logging data,this article studies the basic conditions for the formation of the total petroleum system and the orderly coexisting characteristics and accumulation models of conventional&unconventional reservoirs in the Lower Permian Fengcheng Formation in the Junggar Basin.Controlled by thermal evolution,hydrocarbon generation and expulsion process of the high-quality source rocks in alkaline lake as well as the characteristics of multi-type reservoirs(conglomerate,sandstone,dolomite and shale),conventional structure-lithologic reservoirs and tight oil and shale oil reservoirs controlled by source-reservoir structure have been formed.On the plane,mature conventional reservoirs,medium-high mature tight oil,and medium-high mature shale oil reservoirs coexist orderly from the slope area around Mahu sag to the sag.Based on the orderly coexisting characteristics of conventional and unconventional reservoirs in the Fengcheng Formation,it is clear that oil and gas in the Fengcheng Formation accumulate continuously over a large area in three accumulation models:integrated source-reservoir,source-reservoir in close contact,and separated source-reservoir model.The three accumulation models differ in relationship between source-reservoir structure,reservoir lithology and spatial distribution,hydrocarbon migration,oil and gas type.It is pointed out that the conventional&unconventional oil and gas should be explored and developed as a whole to achieve an overall breakthrough of the total petroleum system.This study is expected to enrich the geological theory of oil and gas enrichment in continental basins and to provide an analogy for exploration and research in other hydrocarbon-rich sags.
基金Supported by the Ministerial Level Advanced Research Foundation(65822576)
文摘The orderly delay control technique for a new type of arthropod robot is studied in this pa- per. The orderly delay controller is composed of three parts. The first part is a central pattern gener- ator （CPG） with periodical output. The second part is a neural pathway （NP） that generates the time delay characteristic of various gait patterns. The last part is a locomotion nerve center （ LNC ） that decides the frequency of the CPG output and generates orderly phase delay by changing the pa- rameters of NP. And then signals that fit for different gaits can be obtained through the regulation of LNC. Experiments are implemented with a robot following mathematical simulation of the controller. The experimental results show that various gait patterns can be realized successfully with the method proposed in this paper.
基金National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)“Fundamental research on petroleum resources generation and distribution in deep basins in the South China Sea”(No.2009CB219400)National Science and Technology Major Project“Key technologies of deep sea petroleum exploration”(No.2008ZX05025,2011ZX05025).
文摘Taking a hydrocarbon zone or a basin group as a unit,this paper analyzed the vertical hydrocarbon generation regularity of onshore and offshore oil and gasfields in China,based on the theory of co-control of source and heat.The results demonstrated that the hydrocarbon generation modes of oil and gasfields in China are orderly.First,the hydrocarbon zones in southeastern China offshore area,including the East and South China Sea basins,are dominated by single hydrocarbon generation mode,which displays as either single oil generation in the near shore or single gas generation in the offshore controlled by both source and heat.Second,the eastern hydrocarbon zones,including the Bohai Bay,Songliao and Jianghan basins and the North and South Yellow Sea basins,are dominated by a two-layer hydrocarbon generation mode,which performs as“upper oil and lower gas”.Third,the central hydrocarbon zones,including the Ordos,Sichuan and Chuxiong basins,are also dominated by the“upper oil and lower gas”two-layer hydrocarbon generation mode.In the Ordos Basin,gas is mainly generated in the Triassic,and oil is predominantly generated in the Paleozoic.In the Sichuan Basin,oil was discovered in the Jurassic,and gas was mostly discovered in the Sinian and Triassic.Fourth,the western hydrocarbon zones are dominated by a“sandwich”multi-layer mode,such as the Junggar,Tarim,Qaidam basins.In summary,the theory of co-control of source and heat will be widely applied to oil and gas exploration all over China.Oil targets should be focused on the near shore areas in the southeastern China sea,the upper strata in the eastern and middle hydrocarbon zones,and the Ordovician,Permian and Paleogene strata in the western hydrocarbon zone,while gas targets should be focused on the off-shore areas in the southeastern China sea,the Cambrian,Carboniferous,Jurassic,and Quaternary strata in the western hydrocarbon zone.A pattern of exploring gasfields under or outside oilfields and oilfields under or outside gasfields is presented.Therefore,there is still a great prospect for oil and gas exploration in China.
文摘From May 31 to June 3,Mr.Ji Bingxuan,Vice-Chairman of NPC Standing Committee and Vice-President of CAFIU visited Canada,leading a CAFIU delegation.During the visit,he attended a seminar themed"China’s Economic and Social Development"jointly hosted by the Chinese Embassy in Canada and the Canadian International Council,and delivered a keynote speech.The following is the full text of the speech.
基金State Key Project of Science and Technology of China (2001BA601B01) and State 863 Plan of China.
文摘In the paper, the feature of strong earthquake orderly distribution in time, space and intensity before the Western Kunlun Mountain Pass M=8.1 earthquake is preliminarily studied. The modulation and triggering factors such as the earth rotation, earth tides are analyzed. The results show that: the giant earthquakes with the magnitude more than 8 occurred about every 24 years and the earthquakes with the magnitude more than 7 about every 7 years in Chinese mainland. The Western Kunlun Mountain M=8.1 earthquake exactly occurred at the expected time; The spatial distance show approximately the same distances between each two swarms. The earth rotation, earth tide, sun tide and sun magnetic field have played a role of modulation and triggering in the intensity. At last, the condi-tions for earthquake generation and occurrence are also discussed.
文摘At present,changes of great consequence for our world are unfolding in unprecedented ways.These changes present both strategic opportunities and serious challenges.Confronting the critical global issues facing the world today,such as the deficits in peace,development,security,and governance.
基金Supported by the PetroChina Science and Technology Major Project(2023ZZ15).
文摘Based on the petroleum exploration in the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation,northern Songliao Basin,NE China,integrated with seismic,drilling and logging data,this study investigates the characteristics and genetic mechanisms of orderly distribution and the differential enrichment patterns of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons in the formation.Key findings involve five aspects.First,the conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons coexist orderly.Laterally,conventional oil,tight oil,and shale oil form a pattern of orderly accumulation from basin margins to the center.Vertically,shale oil,tight oil,and conventional oil develop progressively upward.Second,the coupled tectonic-sedimentary processes govern sedimentary facies differentiation and diagenesis,influencing reservoir physical properties and lithology,thereby controlling the orderly distribution of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons in space.Third,the coupling of source rock hydrocarbon generation evolution,fault sealing capacity,and reservoir densification determines the orderly coexistence pattern of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons.Fourth,sequential variations in reservoir physical properties generate distinct dynamic fields that regulate hydrocarbon orderly accumulation.Fifth,enrichment controls are different depending on hydrocarbon types:buoyancy-driven,fault-transport,sandbody-connected,and trap-concentrated,for above-source conventional oil;overpressure-driven,fault-transport,multi-stacked sandbodies,and quasi-continuous distribution for near-source tight oil and gas;self-sourced reservoirs,retention through self-sealing,in-situ accumulation or micro-migration driven by hydrocarbon-generation overpressure for inner-source shale oil.From exploration practices,these findings will effectively guide the integrated deployment and three-dimensional exploration of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon resources in the Qingshankou Formation,northern Songliao Basin.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51877049).
文摘Due to the effects of windless and sunless weather, new power systems dominated by renewable energy sources experience power supply shortages, which lead to severe electricity shortages. Because of the insufficient proportion of controllable thermal power in these systems, this problem must be addressed from the load side. This study proposes an orderly power utilization(OPU) method with load as the primary dispatching object to address the problem of severe electricity shortages. The principles and architecture of the new urban power grid(NUPG) OPU are proposed to complete the load curtailment task and minimize the effects on social production and daily life. A flexible load baseline division method is proposed that considers the effects of factors such as gross domestic product, pollutant emission, and carbon emission to increase the flexibility and applicability of the proposed method. In addition, an NUPG OPU model based on the load baseline is proposed, in which the electric quantity balance aggregator(EQBA) serves as a regular participant in the OPU and eliminates the need for other user involvement within its capacity range. The electric quantity reserve aggregator(EQRA) functions as a supplementary participant in the OPU and primarily performs the remaining tasks of the EQBA. The electric power balance aggregator primarily offsets the power fluctuations of the OPU. Case studies demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed model in ensuring the completion of the load curtailment task, enhancing the flexibility and fairness of OPUs, and improving the applicability of the proposed method.
基金funded by Science and Technology Project of SGCC(SGJLCC00KJJS2203595).
文摘Aiming at the problem of increasing the peak-to-valley difference of grid load and the rising cost of user charging caused by the disorderly charging of large-scale electric vehicles,this paper proposes a coordinated charging scheduling strategy for multiple types of electric vehicles based on the degree of urgency of vehicle use.First,considering the range loss characteristics,dynamic time-sharing tariff mechanism,and user incentive policy in the lowtemperature environment of northern winter,a differentiated charging model is constructed for four types of vehicles:family cars,official cars,buses,and cabs.Then,we innovatively introduce the urgency parameter of charging demand for multiple types of vehicles and dynamically divide the emergency and non-emergency charging modes according to the difference between the regular charging capacity and the user’s minimum power demand.When the conventional charging capacity is less than the minimum power demand of the vehicle within the specified time,it is the emergency vehicle demand,and this type of vehicle is immediately charged in fast charging mode after connecting to the grid.On the contrary,it is a non-emergency demand,and the vehicle is connected to the grid to choose the appropriate time to charge in conventional charging mode.Finally,by optimizing the objective function to minimize the peakto-valley difference between the grid and the vehicle owner’s charging cost,and designing the charging continuity constraints to avoid battery damage,it ensures that the vehicle is efficiently dispatched under the premise of meeting the minimum power demand.Simulation results show that the proposed charging strategy can reduce the charging cost of vehicle owners by 26.33%,reduce the peak-to-valley difference rate of the grid by 29.8%,and significantly alleviate the congestion problem during peak load hours,compared with the disordered charging mode,while ensuring that the electric vehicles are not overcharged and meet the electricity demand of vehicle owners.This paper solves the problems of the existing research on the singularity of vehicle models and the lack of environmental adaptability and provides both economic and practical solutions for the cooperative optimization of electric vehicles and power grids in multiple scenarios.
文摘The implementation of the standard is expected to help electric vehicle battery swap stations to adapt to diversified needs and vehicle models,promoting the industry’s orderly and healthy development.
基金Supported by Jilin Provincial Scientific and Technological Development Program(20230508109RC,20230201051GX,20220201091GX)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62035013,61275235)。
文摘Aqueous zinc-ion electrochromic(EC)technology,boasting the capability to fulfill both safety and cost-ef⁃fectiveness requirements,is garnering extensive attention in various application areas including smart windows,thermal management,displays,and camouflage.However,typical inorganic EC materials,such as tungsten oxides(WO_(3)),of⁃ten suffer from slow ion diffusion kinetics and limited optical contrast within the aqueous Zn^(2+)electrolyte because of the large size and strong Coulombic interactions of the Zn^(2+),which limits their wide applicability.Here,ordered WO_(3)nanowire films,constructed by a one-step grazing angle deposition method,is demonstrated to boost the response speed and optical contrast during EC phenomena.Compared with dense films,the ordered WO_(3)nanowire films with a porosity of 44.6%demonstrate anti-reflective property and excellent comprehensive EC performance,including fast response time(3.6 s and 1.2 s for coloring and bleaching,respectively),large optical contrast(66.6%at 700 nm)and high col⁃oration efficiency(64.3 cm^(2)·C^(-1)).A large-area prototype EC device(17 cm×12 cm)with fast color-switching is also successfully achieved.Mechanistic studies show that the improved performance is mainly due to the ordered porous nanowire structures,which provides direct electron transfer paths and sufficient interfacial contacts,thus simultaneously enhancing the electrochemical activity and fast redox kinetics.This study provides a simple and effective strategy to im⁃prove the performance of tungsten oxide-based aqueous zinc ion EC materials and devices.
文摘为了客观评价地下空间开发地质适宜性并为评价工作提供一种新思路和参考,提出了一种基于三角模糊数的模糊层次分析法(fuzzy analytic hierarchy process based on triangular fuzzy numbers,FAHP)和优劣解距离法(technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution,TOPSIS)相结合的评价方法。通过地质调查研究构建基于土体工程地质性质、水文地质条件、不良地质作用、地形地貌等影响因素为主的层次分析关系模型。基于专家判别利用FAHP计算各评价因素的权重,以各评价指标层的分级临界值作为典型评价样本,利用TOPSIS法对适宜性等级进行非等分划分,基于区间值优化的TOPSIS法建立最终评价模型,通过ArcGIS的空间分析功能等确定每个评价单元适宜性等级。该方法与传统方法相比一定程度上减少了评价过程中专家评判的过多主观影响,评价过程更倾向于定量化,结果更为客观。利用该方法对无锡市区浅层地下空间开发地质适宜性进行评价,评价结果与实际工程经验相符,证明了该方法的有效性,因此该方法对地下空间开发适宜性评价工作具有一定借鉴意义。
基金supported in part by Project P15691 from the Austrian Federal FWF,the national science finding body,as well as by several ongoing grants from Stadt Linz,Land Obersterreich and the Austrian Federal BKA.Kunst
文摘A graph has the unique path property UPPn if there is a unique path of length n between any ordered pair of nodes. This paper reiterates Royle and MacKay＇s technique for constructing orderly algorithms. We wish to use this technique to enumerate all UPP2 graphs of small orders 3^2 and 4^2. We attempt to use the direct graph formalism and find that the algorithm is inefficient. We introduce a generalised problem and derive algebraic and combinatoric structures with appropriate structure. Then we are able to design an orderly algorithm to determine all UPP2 graphs of order 3^2, which runs fast enough. We hope to be able to determine the UPP2 graphs of order 4^2 in the near future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52171166 and U20A20231)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(Nos.2024JJ2060 and 2024JJ5406)+1 种基金the Key Laboratory of Materials in Dynamic Extremes of Sichuan Province(No.2023SCKT1102)the Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of National University of Defense Technology(No.XJJC2024065).
文摘Introducing B2 ordering can effectively improve the mechanical properties of lightweight refractory high-entropy alloys(LRHEAs).However,(Zr,Al)-enriched B2 precipitates generally reduce the ductility because their ordering characteristic is destroyed after dislocation shearing.Meanwhile,the local chemical order(LCO)cannot provide an adequate strengthening effect due to its small size.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant Nos. 2009CB421401 and 2006CB400503China Meteorological Administration under Grant No. GYHY200706001
文摘Global warming during the last century has been a well-known fact. Despite arguments and uncertainties in explanations, most scientists agree that this century-scale warming trend is attributable to human activities. According to the recent assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change （IPCC, 2007） based on worldwide scientific results,
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12022508,12074394,and 22125604)Shanghai Supercomputer Center of ChinaShanghai Snowlake Technology Co.Ltd.
文摘The stable nanobubbles adhered to mineral surfaces may facilitate their efficient separation via flotation in the mining industry.However,the state of nanobubbles on mineral solid surfaces is still elusive.In this study,molecular dynamics(MD)simulations are employed to examine mineral-like model surfaces with varying degrees of hydrophobicity,modulated by surface charges,to elucidate the adsorption behavior of nanobubbles at the interface.Our findings not only contribute to the fundamental understanding of nanobubbles but also have potential applications in the mining industry.We observed that as the surface charge increases,the contact angle of the nanobubbles increases accordingly with shape transformation from a pancake-like gas film to a cap-like shape,and ultimately forming a stable nanobubble upon an ordered water monolayer.When the solid–water interactions are weak with a small partial charge,the hydrophobic gas(N_(2))molecules accumulate near the solid surfaces.However,we have found,for the first time,that gas molecules assemble a nanobubble on the water monolayer adjacent to the solid surfaces with large partial charges.Such phenomena are attributed to the formation of a hydrophobic water monolayer with a hydrogen bond network structure near the surface.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52130504,52305577,and 52175509)the Key Research and Development Plan of Hubei Province(Grant No.2022BAA013)+4 种基金the Major Program(JD)of Hubei Province(Grant No.2023BAA008-2)the Interdisciplinary Research Program of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(2023JCYJ047)the Innovation Project of Optics Valley Laboratory(Grant No.OVL2023PY003)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program(Grade B)of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.GZB20230244)the fellowship from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M750995)。
文摘In integrated circuit(IC)manufacturing,fast,nondestructive,and precise detection of defects in patterned wafers,realized by bright-field microscopy,is one of the critical factors for ensuring the final performance and yields of chips.With the critical dimensions of IC nanostructures continuing to shrink,directly imaging or classifying deep-subwavelength defects by bright-field microscopy is challenging due to the well-known diffraction barrier,the weak scattering effect,and the faint correlation between the scattering cross-section and the defect morphology.Herein,we propose an optical far-field inspection method based on the form-birefringence scattering imaging of the defective nanostructure,which can identify and classify various defects without requiring optical super-resolution.The technique is built upon the principle of breaking the optical form birefringence of the original periodic nanostructures by the defect perturbation under the anisotropic illumination modes,such as the orthogonally polarized plane waves,then combined with the high-order difference of far-field images.We validated the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method in detecting deep subwavelength defects through rigid vector imaging modeling and optical detection experiments of various defective nanostructures based on polarization microscopy.On this basis,an intelligent classification algorithm for typical patterned defects based on a dual-channel AlexNet neural network has been proposed,stabilizing the classification accuracy ofλ/16-sized defects with highly similar features at more than 90%.The strong classification capability of the two-channel network on typical patterned defects can be attributed to the high-order difference image and its transverse gradient being used as the network’s input,which highlights the polarization modulation difference between different patterned defects more significantly than conventional bright-field microscopy results.This work will provide a new but easy-to-operate method for detecting and classifying deep-subwavelength defects in patterned wafers or photomasks,which thus endows current online inspection equipment with more missions in advanced IC manufacturing.
