Oral literature transcends from orality to scribality and then textuality due to technological innovation. This paper seeks to evaluate the value of the characteristics of orality as applied by Oliver Kgadime Matsepe ...Oral literature transcends from orality to scribality and then textuality due to technological innovation. This paper seeks to evaluate the value of the characteristics of orality as applied by Oliver Kgadime Matsepe in his novel Legitaphiri （Unsolved Problem） （2008）. This will be done by taking into account the significance of self and community in a developing and changing society. It is important to note that all cultures are born from orality. However, the changes that the self and community undergo have a strong impact on the communications models within the community. This is influenced by the self and community, as the writer expresses his/her views by means of language that is based on a particular community.展开更多
The oral cavity is a complex physiological community encompassing a wide range of microorganisms.Dysbiosis of oral microbiota can lead to various oral infectious diseases,such as periodontitis and tooth decay,and even...The oral cavity is a complex physiological community encompassing a wide range of microorganisms.Dysbiosis of oral microbiota can lead to various oral infectious diseases,such as periodontitis and tooth decay,and even affect systemic health,including brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases.Recent studies have highlighted how oral microbes might be involved in brain aging and neurodegeneration,indicating potential avenues for intervention strategies.In this review,we summarize clinical evidence demonstrating a link between oral microbes/oral infectious diseases and brain aging/neurodegenerative diseases,and dissect potential mechanisms by which oral microbes contribute to brain aging and neurodegeneration.We also highlight advances in therapeutic development grounded in the realm of oral microbes,with the goal of advancing brain health and promoting healthy aging.展开更多
Optimal health during pregnancy is crucial for ensuring the well-being of the mother and the developing fetus.This article is focused on the impact of oral health and the role of personalized oral hygiene management i...Optimal health during pregnancy is crucial for ensuring the well-being of the mother and the developing fetus.This article is focused on the impact of oral health and the role of personalized oral hygiene management in addressing prevalent dental issues among pregnant women,with particular emphasis on periodontal disease and dental caries.Despite the high prevalence of these dental problems and their association with obstetric complications such as pre-term birth and low birth weight,many pregnant women do not receive adequate dental care.This gap in care is often due to misconceptions about the safety of dental treat-ments during pregnancy and lack of awareness on the part of healthcare profes-sionals.Appreciations of the impacts of oral health and personalization of oral hygiene strategies such as tailored education and support,have proven effective in improving oral health in this population.Significant reductions in the incidence of caries and periodontal disease may be achieved by adapting care to the specific needs of each patient,thereby enhancing maternal and fetal health outcomes.Integration of personalized oral hygiene management into maternal health pro-grams and enhancement of ongoing education for pregnant women and healthcare professionals are essential steps in the reduction of pregnancy-related risks and improvement of maternal and neonatal well-being.Core Tip:In this article,we reviewed a recent study on the effects of personalized oral hygiene management on the oral health of pregnant women,as discussed in the article by Men et al.The study demonstrated that personalized oral hygiene interventions significantly improved oral health outcomes during pregnancy by reducing the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease.We emphasized the importance of individualized oral care programs that integrate education and tailored support,and we highlighted their significance in enhancing maternal and fetal health.This approach underscores the need for incorporating personalized oral hygiene management into routine prenatal care in order to optimize health outcomes.CONCLUSION This article emphasizes the critical role of personalized oral hygiene management in improving oral health during pregnancy.By tailoring oral care strategies to individual needs,significant improvements in dental health may be achieved,as evidenced by the reduced CAT scores observed in the experimental group in the study by Men et al[25].This personalized approach not only addresses common oral issues such as dental caries and periodontal disease but also underscores the broader implications for maternal and fetal health.Despite the positive results,there remains a gap in consistency in the application of oral health practices during pregnancy,partly due to misconceptions and lack of awareness among patients and healthcare providers.Future research should aim at validating these findings across diverse populations,investigating the impact of oral hygiene interventions at various stages of pregnancy,and evaluating their long-term effects on maternal and fetal health.Integrating personalized oral hygiene management into maternal health programs and promoting continuous education for pregnant women and healthcare professionals are essential steps toward enhancing overall health outcomes.By proactively managing oral health,the risks associated with pregnancy may be reduced while improving maternal and neonatal well-being.展开更多
BACKGROUND One of the main characteristics of oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)is that it metastasizes to cervical lymph nodes frequently with a high degree of local invasiveness.A primary feature of malignant tumors...BACKGROUND One of the main characteristics of oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)is that it metastasizes to cervical lymph nodes frequently with a high degree of local invasiveness.A primary feature of malignant tumors is their penetration of neighboring tissues,such as lymphatic and blood arteries,due to the tumor cells'capacity to break down the extracellular matrix(ECM).Matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs)constitute a family of proteolytic enzymes that facilitate tissue remodeling and the degradation of the ECM.MMP-9 and MMP-13 belong to the group of extracellular matrix degrading enzymes and their expression has been studied in OSCC because of their specific functions.MMP-13,a collagenase family member,is thought to play an essential role in the MMP activation cascade by breaking down the fibrillar collagens,whereas MMP-9 is thought to accelerate the growth of tumors.Elevated MMP-13 expression has been associated with tumor behavior and patient prognosis in a number of malignant cases.AIM To assess the immunohistochemical expression of MMP-9 and MMP-13 in OSCC.METHODS A total of 40 cases with histologically confirmed OSCC by incisional biopsy were included in this cross-sectional retrospective study.The protocols for both MMP-9 and MMP-13 immunohistochemical staining were performed according to the manufacturer’s recommendations along with the normal gingival epithelium as a positive control.All the observations were recorded and Pearson’sχ²test with Fisher exact test was used for statistical analysis.RESULTS Our study showed no significant correlation between MMP-9 and MMP-13 staining intensity and tumor size.The majority of the patients were in advanced TNM stages(III and IV),and showed intense expression of MMP-9 and MMP-13.CONCLUSION The present study suggests that both MMP-9 and MMP-13 play an important and independent role in OSCC progression and invasiveness.Intense expression of MMP-9 and MMP-13,irrespective of histological grade of OSCC,correlates well with TNM stage.Consequently,it is evident that MMP-9 and MMP-13 are important for the invasiveness and progression of tumors.The findings may facilitate the development of new approaches for evaluating lymph node metastases and interventional therapy techniques,hence enhancing the prognosis of patients diagnosed with OSCC.展开更多
Solid lipid nanoparticles(SLN)could enhance the oral bioavailability of loaded protein and peptide drugs through lymphatic transport.Natural oligopeptides regulate nearly all vital processes and serve as a nitrogen so...Solid lipid nanoparticles(SLN)could enhance the oral bioavailability of loaded protein and peptide drugs through lymphatic transport.Natural oligopeptides regulate nearly all vital processes and serve as a nitrogen source for nourishment.They are mainly transported by oligopeptide transporter-1(PepT-1)which are primarily expressed in the intestine with the characteristics of high-capacity and low energy consumption.Our preliminary research discovered the transmembrane transport of SLN could be improved by stimulating the oligopeptide absorption pathway.This implied the potential of combining the advantages of SLN with oligopeptide transporter mediated transportation.Herein,two kinds of dipeptide modified SLN were designed with insulin and glucagon like peptide-1(GLP-1)analogue exenatide as model drugs.These drugs loaded SLN showed enhanced oral bioavailability and hypoglycemic effect in both type I diabetic C57BL/6mice and type II diabetic KKAymice.Compared with un-modified SLN,dipeptide-modified SLN could be internalized by intestinal epithelial cells via PepT-1-mediated endocytosis with higher uptake.Interestingly,after internalization,more SLN could access the systemic circulation via lymphatic transport pathway,highlighting the potential to combine the oligopeptide-absorption route with SLN for oral drug delivery.展开更多
With the increasingly prominent trend of globalization,English,as the common language of international communication,plays an increasingly important role in university education.As a key link in English teaching,the c...With the increasingly prominent trend of globalization,English,as the common language of international communication,plays an increasingly important role in university education.As a key link in English teaching,the college English audio-visual oral course not only imparts language knowledge and skills,but also shoulders the important task of cultivating students’critical thinking.As one of the essential core qualities of modern talents,critical thinking ability plays an irreplaceable role in students’in-depth understanding of English knowledge,improving intercultural communication ability and cultivating innovative thinking.This paper expounds the significance of cultivating students’critical thinking ability in college English audio-visual and oral teaching,and puts forward a series of innovative teaching strategies to cultivate students’critical thinking ability combined with practical teaching experience and cutting-edge education theory,in order to provide new ideas and practical guidance for the improvement of college English teaching quality and the development of students’comprehensive quality.展开更多
BACKGROUND Mucosal healing has become an important goal of Crohn’s disease(CD)treat-ments.Modulen,enriched with transforming growth factor-beta 2,and budeso-nide are commonly accepted treatments for mild-moderate CD....BACKGROUND Mucosal healing has become an important goal of Crohn’s disease(CD)treat-ments.Modulen,enriched with transforming growth factor-beta 2,and budeso-nide are commonly accepted treatments for mild-moderate CD.However,their effects on the small bowel(SB)mucosa remain underexplored.AIM To prospectively assess clinical and mucosal responses to Modulen vs budesonide in adults with CD,using SB capsule endoscopy.METHODS Thirty patients were divided into two groups:Modulen+home-based diet(21 patients)and budesonide(9 patients)for an eight-week intervention followed by four weeks of follow-up.Clinical,laboratory,and endoscopic responses were evaluated.The mucosal changes were assessed through SB capsule endoscopy.RESULTS Results indicated significant clinical improvement in the Modulen group with reduced CD activity index(P=0.041)and improved inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire score(P=0.016).Moreover,Modulen was associated with a signifi-cant SB mucosal improvement,evidenced by a decrease in Lewis score(P=0.027).No significant changes were observed in calprotectin or other laboratory parame-ters.Conversely,budesonide exhibited more modest clinical effects,but it improved calprotectin,hemoglobin,and C-reactive protein levels(P=0.051,P=0.014,and P=0.038,respectively).The capsule endoscopy did not reveal a significant mucosal response in the budesonide group.CONCLUSION Both interventions have a role in CD treatment.Yet,their effects differ and may complement each other:Modulen yields clinical and mucosal improvements,while budesonide primarily leads mainly to laboratory improvements.展开更多
Oral cancer is one of the malignant neoplasms that present major global health challenge.It is the sixth most prevalent type of cancer in the world,with a high incidence and mortality rate.This letter is a review of t...Oral cancer is one of the malignant neoplasms that present major global health challenge.It is the sixth most prevalent type of cancer in the world,with a high incidence and mortality rate.This letter is a review of the study by Yin et al which was published in the World Journal of Clinical Cases(2024).The study evaluated the effect of Tongluo Jiedu as an adjuvant treatment for oral cancer.Over the years,there has been a continuous search for effective and less invasive treatments for oral cancer.This article emphasizes and discusses various therapeutic options currently available,and it highlights that early intervention and multidisciplinary management are crucial for improving outcomes.Traditional Chinese medicine,particularly Tongluo Jiedu,presents potential complementary approach to co-nventional oral cancer therapies.Future research on Tongluo Jiedu should be focused on validation of its efficacy and safety through large,well-designed clinical trials,as well as better understanding of the molecular mechanisms in-volved,and optimization of therapeutic combinations.Additionally,continuous education of health professionals is key to the effective and safe integration of this traditional medicine into clinical practice.Continuous research is essential for optimization of therapeutic strategies and for addressing the challenges presented by this neoplasm.展开更多
Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)is the most common head and neck malignancy worldwide,accounting for more than 90%of all oral cancers,and is characterized by high invasiveness and poor long-term prognosis.Its etiolo...Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)is the most common head and neck malignancy worldwide,accounting for more than 90%of all oral cancers,and is characterized by high invasiveness and poor long-term prognosis.Its etiology is multifactorial,involving tobacco use,alcohol consumption,and human papillomavirus(HPV)infection.Oral leukoplakia and erythroplakia are the main precancerous lesions lesions,with oral leukoplakia being the most common.Both OSCC and premalignant lesions are closely associated with aberrant activation of multiple signaling pathways.Post-translational modifications(such as ubiquitination and deubiquitination)play key roles in regulating these pathways by controlling protein stability and activity.Growing evidence indicates that dysregulated ubiquitination/deubiquitination can mediate OSCC initiation and progression via aberrant activation of signaling pathways.The ubiquitination/deubiquitination process mainly involves E3 ligases(E3s)that catalyze substrate ubiquitination,deubiquitinating enzymes(DUBs)that remove ubiquitin chains,and the 26S proteasome complex that degrades ubiquitinated substrates.Abnormal expression or mutation of E3s and DUBs can lead to altered stability of critical tumorrelated proteins,thereby driving OSCC initiation and progression.Therefore,understanding the aberrantly activated signaling pathways in OSCC and the ubiquitination/deubiquitination mechanisms within these pathways will help elucidate the molecular mechanisms and improve OSCC treatment by targeting relevant components.Here,we summarize four aberrantly activated signaling pathways in OSCC―the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway,Wnt/β-catenin pathway,Hippo pathway,and canonical NF-κB pathway―and systematically review the regulatory mechanisms of ubiquitination/deubiquitination within these pathways,along with potential drug targets.PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is aberrantly activated in approximately 70%of OSCC cases.It is modulated by E3s(e.g.,FBXW7 and NEDD4)and DUBs(e.g.,USP7 and USP10):FBXW7 and USP10 inhibit signaling,while NEDD4 and USP7 potentiate it.Aberrant activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway leads toβ-catenin nuclear translocation and induction of cell proliferation.This pathway is modulated by E3s(e.g.,c-Cbl and RNF43)and DUBs(e.g.,USP9X and USP20):c-Cbl and RNF43 inhibit signaling,while USP9X and USP20 potentiate it.Hippo pathway inactivation permits YAP/TAZ to enter the nucleus and promotes cancer cell metastasis.This pathway is modulated by E3s(e.g.,CRL4^(DCAF1) and SIAH2)and DUBs(e.g.,USP1 and USP21):CRL4^(DCAF1) and SIAH2 inhibit signaling,while USP1 and USP21 potentiate it.Persistent activation of the canonical NF-κB pathway is associated with an inflammatory microenvironment and chemotherapy resistance.This pathway is modulated by E3s(e.g.,TRAF6 and LUBAC)and DUBs(e.g.,A20 and CYLD):A20 and CYLD inhibit signaling,while TRAF6 and LUBAC potentiate it.Targeting these E3s and DUBs provides directions for OSCC drug research.Small-molecule inhibitors such as YCH2823(a USP7 inhibitor),GSK2643943A(a USP20 inhibitor),and HOIPIN-8(a LUBAC inhibitor)have shown promising antitumor activity in preclinical models;PROTAC molecules,by binding to surface sites of target proteins and recruiting E3s,achieve targeted ubiquitination and degradation of proteins insensitive to small-molecule inhibitors,for example,PU7-1-mediated USP7 degradation,offering new strategies to overcome traditional drug limitations.Currently,NX-1607(a Cbl-b inhibitor)has entered phase I clinical trials,with preliminary results confirming its safety and antitumor activity.Future research on aberrant E3s and DUBs in OSCC and the development of highly specific inhibitors will be of great significance for OSCC precision therapy.展开更多
Radiochemotherapy-induced oral mucositis(OM)is a common oral complication in patients with tumors following head and neck radiotherapy or chemotherapy.Erosion and ulcers are the main features of OM that seriously affe...Radiochemotherapy-induced oral mucositis(OM)is a common oral complication in patients with tumors following head and neck radiotherapy or chemotherapy.Erosion and ulcers are the main features of OM that seriously affect the quality of life of patients and even the progress of tumor treatment.To date,differences in clinical prevention and treatment plans for OM have been noted among doctors of various specialties,which has increased the uncertainty of treatment effects.On the basis of current research evidence,this expert consensus outlines risk factors,clinical manifestations,clinical grading,ancillary examinations,diagnostic basis,prevention and treatment strategies and efficacy indicators for OM.In addition to strategies such as basic oral care,antiinflammatory and analgesic agents,anti-infective agents,pro-healing agents,and photobiotherapy recommended in previous guidelines,we also emphasize the role of traditional Chinese medicine in OM prevention and treatment.This expert consensus aims to provide references and guidance for dental physicians and oncologists in formulating strategies for OM prevention,diagnosis,and treatment,standardizing clinical practice,reducing OM occurrence,promoting healing,and improving the quality of life of patients.展开更多
Decorin(DCN)is primarily found in the connective tissues of various parts of the body,including the lungs,kidneys,bone tissue,aorta,and tendons.It is an important component of the extracellular matrix(ECM)and belongs ...Decorin(DCN)is primarily found in the connective tissues of various parts of the body,including the lungs,kidneys,bone tissue,aorta,and tendons.It is an important component of the extracellular matrix(ECM)and belongs to the class I small leucine-rich proteoglycans family.DCN is increasingly attracting attention due to its significant role in tumors,fibrotic diseases,and the regulation of vascular formation.Moreover,its anti-tumor properties have positioned it as a promising biomarker in the fight against cancer.Numerous studies have confirmed that DCN can exert inhibitory effects in various solid tumors,particularly in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC),by activating its downstream pathways through binding with the epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)and mesenchymal-epithelial transition(MET)receptor,or by stabilizing and enhancing the expression of the tumor suppressor gene p53 to mediate apoptosis in cancer cells that have undergone mutation.The occurrence of OSCC is a continuous and dynamic process,encompassing the transition from normal mucosa to oral potentially malignant disorders(OPMDs),and further progressing from OPMDs to the malignant transformation into OSCC.We have found that DCN may exhibit a bidirectional effect in the progression of oral mucosal carcinogenesis,showing a trend of initial elevation followed by a decline,which decreases with the differentiation of OSCC.In OPMDs,DCN exhibits high expression and may be associated with malignant transformation,possibly linked to the increased expression of P53 in OPMDs.In OSCC,the expression of DCN is reduced,which can impact OSCC angiogenesis,and inhibit tumor cell proliferation,migration,and invasion capabilities,serving as a potential marker for predicting adverse prognosis in OSCC patients.This article reviews the current research status of DCN,covering its molecular structure,properties,and involvement in the onset and progression of oral mucosal carcinogenesis.It elucidates DCN’s role in this process and aims to offer insights for future investigations into its mechanism of action in oral mucosal carcinogenesis and its potential application in the early diagnosis and treatment of OSCC.展开更多
Background:Oral health issues persistently affect the overall health and well-being of rural populations.Village health volunteers(VHVs)play a crucial role in advancing oral health literacy in their community.This stu...Background:Oral health issues persistently affect the overall health and well-being of rural populations.Village health volunteers(VHVs)play a crucial role in advancing oral health literacy in their community.This study aimed to examine the factors related to nutritional literacy for oral health among VHVs.Methods:This was a mixed-methods study employing an explanatory sequential design.The quantitative data were gathered through questionnaires distributed to a cohort of 10,514 VHVs registered in Health Region 1.A stratified random sampling technique was used to ensure adequate representation of various subgroups within the VHV population,considering factors such as age,education level,and geographical distribution across the region.This approach allowed for a more representative sample that accurately reflects the diversity of the VHV population.Qualitative data were obtained through semi-structured interviews with a purposive sampling of 20 participants based on specific criteria.Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and biserial correlation techniques,while qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis.Results:The study found that the sample group possessed a moderate level of knowledge of health literacy principles and nutrition for oral health.However,their self-assessed skills in nutritional literacy for oral health were rated as high.A statistically significant negative correlation was found between knowledge of nutrition for oral health and skills in nutritional literacy for oral health.VHVs equated health literacy with knowledge because their public health training had focused more on imparting knowledge rather than developing skills based on health literacy principles.Conclusion:There is a need to emphasize skill-based health literacy training and to use effective skill development techniques that are tailored to the specific roles and responsibilities of health volunteers.It is also recommended to continuously monitor and evaluate the outcomes of these efforts.展开更多
Oral submucous fibrosis(OSF),characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix(ECM)that causes oral mucosal tissue sclerosis,and even cancer transformation,is a chronic,progressive fibrosis disease.However...Oral submucous fibrosis(OSF),characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix(ECM)that causes oral mucosal tissue sclerosis,and even cancer transformation,is a chronic,progressive fibrosis disease.However,despite some advancements in recent years,no targeted antifibrotic strategies for OSF have been approved;likely because the complicated mechanisms that initiate and drive fibrosis remain to be determined.In this review,we briefly introduce the epidemiology and etiology of OSF.Then,we highlight how cell-intrinsic changes in significant structural cells can drive fibrotic response by regulating biological behaviors,secretion function,and activation of ECM-producing myofibroblasts.In addition,we also discuss the role of innate and adaptive immune cells and how they contribute to the pathogenesis of OSF.Finally,we summarize strategies to interrupt key mechanisms that cause OSF,including modulation of the ECM,inhibition of inflammation,improvement of vascular disturbance.This review will provide potential routes for developing novel anti-OSF therapeutics.展开更多
Understanding microbial-host interactions in the oral cavity is essential for elucidating oral disease pathogenesis and its systemic implications.In vitro bacteria-host cell coculture models have enabled fundamental s...Understanding microbial-host interactions in the oral cavity is essential for elucidating oral disease pathogenesis and its systemic implications.In vitro bacteria-host cell coculture models have enabled fundamental studies to characterize bacterial infection and host responses in a reductionist yet reproducible manner.However,existing in vitro coculture models fail to establish conditions that are suitable for the growth of both mammalian cells and anaerobes,thereby hindering a comprehensive understanding of their interactions.Here,we present an asymmetric gas coculture system that simulates the oral microenvironment by maintaining distinct normoxic and anaerobic conditions for gingival epithelial cells and anaerobic bacteria,respectively.Using a key oral pathobiont,Fusobacterium nucleatum,as the primary test bed,we demonstrate that the system preserves bacterial viability and supports the integrity of telomerase-immortalized gingival keratinocytes.Compared to conventional models,this system enhanced bacterial invasion,elevated intracellular bacterial loads,and elicited more robust host pro-inflammatory responses,including increased secretion of CXCL10,IL-6,and IL-8.In addition,the model enabled precise evaluation of antibiotic efficacy against intracellular pathogens.Finally,we validate the ability of the asymmetric system to support the proliferation of a more oxygen-sensitive oral pathobiont,Porphyromonas gingivalis.These results underscore the utility of this coculture platform for studying oral microbial pathogenesis and screening therapeutics,offering a physiologically relevant approach to advance oral and systemic health research.展开更多
BACKGROUND Smoking is a leading cause of carcinogenesis in the head and neck region,representing a critical public health issue.Identifying genotoxic damage in smokers can provide valuable insights for developing prev...BACKGROUND Smoking is a leading cause of carcinogenesis in the head and neck region,representing a critical public health issue.Identifying genotoxic damage in smokers can provide valuable insights for developing preventive interventions.AIM To assess genotoxic damage through the micronucleus assay in exfoliated buccal mucosa cells from users of conventional tobacco,reverse smoking,cannabis,electronic cigarettes,and non-smokers.METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with 100 participants divided into five groups:20 conventional tobacco smokers,20 reverse smokers,20 electronic cigarette users,20 cannabis users,and 20 non-smokers.Exfoliated buccal mucosa cells were analyzed using Giemsa and Papanicolaou staining to identify micronuclei(MN)as markers of genotoxic damage.RESULTS MN were present in 86%of the samples.Statistically significant differences were observed in the median micronucleus count between conventional,reverse,and electronic cigarette smokers compared to non-smokers(P<0.001),while no significant difference was found for cannabis smokers(P=0.89).A significant correlation was identified between the presence of oral lesions and micronucleus count(P=0.03).Regression analysis ruled out alcohol as a confounding factor.CONCLUSION This study identified genotoxic damage associated with various smoking habits,except for cannabis use,highlighting the need for public health interventions to reduce smoking and mitigate its genotoxic effects.These findings provide a foundation for future research and the implementation of preventive policies.展开更多
BACKGROUND Celiac disease(CD)is an autoimmune disease triggered by the ingestion of gluten in genetically predisposed individuals.It is more commonly diagnosed in children presenting typical clinical signs and symptom...BACKGROUND Celiac disease(CD)is an autoimmune disease triggered by the ingestion of gluten in genetically predisposed individuals.It is more commonly diagnosed in children presenting typical clinical signs and symptoms but most of the CD patients diagnosed in the developed world are silent cases with no prominent gastrointestinal features.Thus,there are silent forms of the disease in which oral manifestations are the first sign.In the pediatric population oral health can affect growth and self-esteem and have a negative impact in their life quality.AIM To assess the prevalence and types of oral manifestations in pediatric patients with CD.METHODS We performed a comprehensive literature search in PubMed,Scielo,Cochrane Library and Lilacs databases from 2014-2024.Three independent researchers screened and extracted the information,applying the eligibility criteria and bias was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute tools.RESULTS Of the initial 241 articles,14 studies fulfilled the proposed objectives and were included in the review.The main oral manifestations found were recurrent aphthous stomatitis and enamel defects.Additionally,delayed tooth eruption,angular cheilitis,glossodynia and xerostomia were also reported.CONCLUSION Assessing oral manifestations is crucial,especially in underdiagnosed cases of children with CD.Recognizing these signs helps pediatricians or general practitioners identify them during routine exams,enabling early diagnosis and treatment to prevent negative impacts on the child’s and family’s quality of life.展开更多
Effects of Mingzhu Oral Liquid on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Rats with Liver-Kidney Yin Deficiency WANG Yi-ting1,ZHAO Yang1,ZHU Fei-ya1,WANG Si-qiong1,ZHU Ling-lei1,LI Tao2,TANG Min-ke1,1.Beijing Unive...Effects of Mingzhu Oral Liquid on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Rats with Liver-Kidney Yin Deficiency WANG Yi-ting1,ZHAO Yang1,ZHU Fei-ya1,WANG Si-qiong1,ZHU Ling-lei1,LI Tao2,TANG Min-ke1,1.Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Beijing,100029,China 2.Guangzhou Yitong Technology Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou,510653,China【ABSTRACT】Objective:This study aimed to observe the effects of Mingzhu Oral Liquid on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis in rats with“liver-kidney yin deficiency”,in order to provide scientific research support for its clinical application in treating related disorders.Methods:A“liver-kidney yin deficiency”model was established in male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats using a combination of chronic restraint stress and a single lipopolysaccharide(LPS)challenge.The rats were randomly divided into four groups:a blank control group,a model group,a low-dose Mingzhu Oral Liquid group,and a high-dose Mingzhu Oral Liquid group.The blank control group and model group were given normal saline by gavage,while the treatment groups received respective doses of Mingzhu Oral Liquid.Gavage administration was performed once daily for 30 consecutive days.During this period,all groups except the blank control group were subjected to restraint stress.Following the final gavage,all groups except the blank control received an intraperitoneal injection of LPS.Samples were collected 24 h post-injection.Serum levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)and cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP)were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)to evaluate the model state.The serum concentrations of corticotropin-releasing hormone(CRH),adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH),and glucocorticoid(GC)were determined to assess HPA axis activity.Changes in proinflammatory factors[tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),interleukin-1 beta(IL-1β)]and the anti-inflammatory factor interleukin-10(IL-10)were also measured.Results:One week into the experiment,the weight gain rate slowed in all stress groups.By the end of the experiment,the body weight of these groups was significantly lower than that of the blank control group.Biochemical and hematological analyses revealed that the model group exhibited a significant decrease in lymphocyte count,an increased cAMP/cGMP ratio,reduced activities of glutathione S-transferase(GST)and glutathione transferase(GLT),elevated levels of blood urea nitrogen(BUN)and serum creatinine(Scr),increased serum contents of TNF-αand IL-1β,and a decreased content of IL-10.These findings confirmed the successful establishment of the rat model.Although the body weight of animals treated with Mingzhu Oral Liquid remained lower than that of the normal group,the treatment improved weight gain compared to the model group.Furthermore,Mingzhu Oral Liquid administration increased lymphocyte count,decreased the cAMP/cGMP ratio,restored GST and GLT activities,reduced BUN and Scr levels,lowered serum TNF-αand IL-1βcontents,and increased IL-10 levels,indicating a significant ameliorative effect on the deficiency symptoms.Additionally,serum levels of CRH,ACTH,and GC were elevated in the model rats,suggesting HPA axis hyperactivity.Treatment with Mingzhu Oral Liquid reduced the serum concentrations of these hormones,significantly alleviating the excited state of the HPA axis in stressed rats.Conclusion:Mingzhu Oral Liquid significantly improves the abnormal overall physical signs,blood biochemical parameters,and systemic inflammation in rats with“liver-kidney yin deficiency.”These therapeutic effects may be associated with the corrective action of Mingzhu Oral Liquid on the dysfunctional HPA axis in this model.展开更多
BACKGROUND Antithrombotic strategies after percutaneous coronary interventions(PCI)in elderly patients on oral anticoagulant therapy(OAT)are debated due to the balance between ischemic and bleeding risks.Recent guidel...BACKGROUND Antithrombotic strategies after percutaneous coronary interventions(PCI)in elderly patients on oral anticoagulant therapy(OAT)are debated due to the balance between ischemic and bleeding risks.Recent guidelines recommend early transitioning from triple antithrombotic therapy to dual antithrombotic therapy,but there are limited data on elderly patients.METHODS We performed a post-hoc age-specific analysis of the PERSEO Registry population aimed to compare clinical features,therapeutic strategies,and outcomes of individuals aged≥80 years and<80 years who were on OAT and underwent PCI with stent.The primary endpoint was net adverse clinical events at 1-year follow-up.Secondary endpoints included major adverse cardiac and cerebral events(MACCE),major bleeding[Bleeding Academic Research Consortium(BARC)type 3–5],and clinically relevant bleeding(BARC type 2-5).RESULTS Among the 1234 patients enrolled,31%of patients were aged≥80 years(84±3 years,76% males).Compared to younger patients,elderly patients had higher rates of comorbidities such as hypertension,anaemia or chronic kidney disease,and atrial fibrillation was the leading indication for OAT.Elderly patients were more often discharged on dual antithrombotic therapy(23%)compared to younger patients(13%)(P<0.0001).They experienced higher net adverse clinical events(38%vs.21%,P<0.001),MACCE(24%vs.12%,P<0.001),as well as higher bleeding rates.Specifically,rates of major bleeding(9%vs.6%,P=0.026),and clinically relevant bleeding(21%vs.12%,P<0.001)were significantly higher in elderly patients.CONCLUSIONS Elderly patients on OAT undergoing PCI are a particular frail population with higher risk of MACCE and bleeding compared to younger patients despite a less aggressive antithrombotic therapy.展开更多
This systematic review and meta-analysis considered the results of randomized controlled clinical trials(RCTs)to evaluate the efficacy of systemic or local antibiotic therapy in peri-implantitis.Two independent author...This systematic review and meta-analysis considered the results of randomized controlled clinical trials(RCTs)to evaluate the efficacy of systemic or local antibiotic therapy in peri-implantitis.Two independent authors screened publications from three electronic databases to include RCTs meeting all the inclusion and exclusion criteria.A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the weighted mean differences in survival rate(SR)and changes in pocket probing depth(PPD),bone level(BL),and clinical attachment level(CAL).The study cohorts were defined as antibiotic and control groups with subgroups for analysis.Seven studies including 309 patients(390 implants)were considered.Within the limitations of this review,patients in the antibiotic groups exhibited significant improvements in PPD.Subgroup analysis indicated that the administration of systemic antibiotics or the use of antibiotics in non-surgical treatments did not result in a significant alteration in BL.It was established that the addition of antibiotics can ameliorate PPD and SR in the treatment of peri-implantitis,whether through surgical or non-surgical approaches,and also shows moderate performance regarding BL and CAL.Considering the lack of application of new technologies in the control group and the hardship of assessing the potential risks of antibiotics,careful clinical judgment is still necessary.展开更多
Menopause is characterized by the cessation of menstruation and a decline in reproductive function,which is an intrinsic component of the aging process.However,it has been a frequently overlooked field of women’s hea...Menopause is characterized by the cessation of menstruation and a decline in reproductive function,which is an intrinsic component of the aging process.However,it has been a frequently overlooked field of women’s health.The oral and gut microbiota,constituting the largest ecosystem within the human body,are important for maintaining human health and notably contribute to the healthy aging of menopausal women.Therefore,a comprehensive review elucidating the impact of the gut and oral microbiota on menopause for healthy aging is of paramount importance.This paper presents the current understanding of the microbiome during menopause,with a particular focus on alterations in the oral and gut microbiota.Our study elucidates the complex interplay between the microbiome and sex hormone levels,explores microbial crosstalk dynamics,and investigates the associations between the microbiome and diseases linked to menopause.Additionally,this review explores the potential of microbiome-targeting therapies for managing menopause-related diseases.Given that menopause can last for approximately 30 years,gaining insights into how the microbiome and menopause interact could pave the way for innovative interventions,which may result in symptomatic relief from menopause and an increase in quality of life in women.展开更多
文摘Oral literature transcends from orality to scribality and then textuality due to technological innovation. This paper seeks to evaluate the value of the characteristics of orality as applied by Oliver Kgadime Matsepe in his novel Legitaphiri （Unsolved Problem） （2008）. This will be done by taking into account the significance of self and community in a developing and changing society. It is important to note that all cultures are born from orality. However, the changes that the self and community undergo have a strong impact on the communications models within the community. This is influenced by the self and community, as the writer expresses his/her views by means of language that is based on a particular community.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81921006(to GHL)。
文摘The oral cavity is a complex physiological community encompassing a wide range of microorganisms.Dysbiosis of oral microbiota can lead to various oral infectious diseases,such as periodontitis and tooth decay,and even affect systemic health,including brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases.Recent studies have highlighted how oral microbes might be involved in brain aging and neurodegeneration,indicating potential avenues for intervention strategies.In this review,we summarize clinical evidence demonstrating a link between oral microbes/oral infectious diseases and brain aging/neurodegenerative diseases,and dissect potential mechanisms by which oral microbes contribute to brain aging and neurodegeneration.We also highlight advances in therapeutic development grounded in the realm of oral microbes,with the goal of advancing brain health and promoting healthy aging.
文摘Optimal health during pregnancy is crucial for ensuring the well-being of the mother and the developing fetus.This article is focused on the impact of oral health and the role of personalized oral hygiene management in addressing prevalent dental issues among pregnant women,with particular emphasis on periodontal disease and dental caries.Despite the high prevalence of these dental problems and their association with obstetric complications such as pre-term birth and low birth weight,many pregnant women do not receive adequate dental care.This gap in care is often due to misconceptions about the safety of dental treat-ments during pregnancy and lack of awareness on the part of healthcare profes-sionals.Appreciations of the impacts of oral health and personalization of oral hygiene strategies such as tailored education and support,have proven effective in improving oral health in this population.Significant reductions in the incidence of caries and periodontal disease may be achieved by adapting care to the specific needs of each patient,thereby enhancing maternal and fetal health outcomes.Integration of personalized oral hygiene management into maternal health pro-grams and enhancement of ongoing education for pregnant women and healthcare professionals are essential steps in the reduction of pregnancy-related risks and improvement of maternal and neonatal well-being.Core Tip:In this article,we reviewed a recent study on the effects of personalized oral hygiene management on the oral health of pregnant women,as discussed in the article by Men et al.The study demonstrated that personalized oral hygiene interventions significantly improved oral health outcomes during pregnancy by reducing the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease.We emphasized the importance of individualized oral care programs that integrate education and tailored support,and we highlighted their significance in enhancing maternal and fetal health.This approach underscores the need for incorporating personalized oral hygiene management into routine prenatal care in order to optimize health outcomes.CONCLUSION This article emphasizes the critical role of personalized oral hygiene management in improving oral health during pregnancy.By tailoring oral care strategies to individual needs,significant improvements in dental health may be achieved,as evidenced by the reduced CAT scores observed in the experimental group in the study by Men et al[25].This personalized approach not only addresses common oral issues such as dental caries and periodontal disease but also underscores the broader implications for maternal and fetal health.Despite the positive results,there remains a gap in consistency in the application of oral health practices during pregnancy,partly due to misconceptions and lack of awareness among patients and healthcare providers.Future research should aim at validating these findings across diverse populations,investigating the impact of oral hygiene interventions at various stages of pregnancy,and evaluating their long-term effects on maternal and fetal health.Integrating personalized oral hygiene management into maternal health programs and promoting continuous education for pregnant women and healthcare professionals are essential steps toward enhancing overall health outcomes.By proactively managing oral health,the risks associated with pregnancy may be reduced while improving maternal and neonatal well-being.
文摘BACKGROUND One of the main characteristics of oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)is that it metastasizes to cervical lymph nodes frequently with a high degree of local invasiveness.A primary feature of malignant tumors is their penetration of neighboring tissues,such as lymphatic and blood arteries,due to the tumor cells'capacity to break down the extracellular matrix(ECM).Matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs)constitute a family of proteolytic enzymes that facilitate tissue remodeling and the degradation of the ECM.MMP-9 and MMP-13 belong to the group of extracellular matrix degrading enzymes and their expression has been studied in OSCC because of their specific functions.MMP-13,a collagenase family member,is thought to play an essential role in the MMP activation cascade by breaking down the fibrillar collagens,whereas MMP-9 is thought to accelerate the growth of tumors.Elevated MMP-13 expression has been associated with tumor behavior and patient prognosis in a number of malignant cases.AIM To assess the immunohistochemical expression of MMP-9 and MMP-13 in OSCC.METHODS A total of 40 cases with histologically confirmed OSCC by incisional biopsy were included in this cross-sectional retrospective study.The protocols for both MMP-9 and MMP-13 immunohistochemical staining were performed according to the manufacturer’s recommendations along with the normal gingival epithelium as a positive control.All the observations were recorded and Pearson’sχ²test with Fisher exact test was used for statistical analysis.RESULTS Our study showed no significant correlation between MMP-9 and MMP-13 staining intensity and tumor size.The majority of the patients were in advanced TNM stages(III and IV),and showed intense expression of MMP-9 and MMP-13.CONCLUSION The present study suggests that both MMP-9 and MMP-13 play an important and independent role in OSCC progression and invasiveness.Intense expression of MMP-9 and MMP-13,irrespective of histological grade of OSCC,correlates well with TNM stage.Consequently,it is evident that MMP-9 and MMP-13 are important for the invasiveness and progression of tumors.The findings may facilitate the development of new approaches for evaluating lymph node metastases and interventional therapy techniques,hence enhancing the prognosis of patients diagnosed with OSCC.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFE0115200)the Regional Innovation and Development Joint Fund of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U22A20356).
文摘Solid lipid nanoparticles(SLN)could enhance the oral bioavailability of loaded protein and peptide drugs through lymphatic transport.Natural oligopeptides regulate nearly all vital processes and serve as a nitrogen source for nourishment.They are mainly transported by oligopeptide transporter-1(PepT-1)which are primarily expressed in the intestine with the characteristics of high-capacity and low energy consumption.Our preliminary research discovered the transmembrane transport of SLN could be improved by stimulating the oligopeptide absorption pathway.This implied the potential of combining the advantages of SLN with oligopeptide transporter mediated transportation.Herein,two kinds of dipeptide modified SLN were designed with insulin and glucagon like peptide-1(GLP-1)analogue exenatide as model drugs.These drugs loaded SLN showed enhanced oral bioavailability and hypoglycemic effect in both type I diabetic C57BL/6mice and type II diabetic KKAymice.Compared with un-modified SLN,dipeptide-modified SLN could be internalized by intestinal epithelial cells via PepT-1-mediated endocytosis with higher uptake.Interestingly,after internalization,more SLN could access the systemic circulation via lymphatic transport pathway,highlighting the potential to combine the oligopeptide-absorption route with SLN for oral drug delivery.
基金A Study on the Teaching Reform of College English Audio-Visual Oral Course Oriented towards the Cultivation of Critical Thinking Ability(2501032339)。
文摘With the increasingly prominent trend of globalization,English,as the common language of international communication,plays an increasingly important role in university education.As a key link in English teaching,the college English audio-visual oral course not only imparts language knowledge and skills,but also shoulders the important task of cultivating students’critical thinking.As one of the essential core qualities of modern talents,critical thinking ability plays an irreplaceable role in students’in-depth understanding of English knowledge,improving intercultural communication ability and cultivating innovative thinking.This paper expounds the significance of cultivating students’critical thinking ability in college English audio-visual and oral teaching,and puts forward a series of innovative teaching strategies to cultivate students’critical thinking ability combined with practical teaching experience and cutting-edge education theory,in order to provide new ideas and practical guidance for the improvement of college English teaching quality and the development of students’comprehensive quality.
文摘BACKGROUND Mucosal healing has become an important goal of Crohn’s disease(CD)treat-ments.Modulen,enriched with transforming growth factor-beta 2,and budeso-nide are commonly accepted treatments for mild-moderate CD.However,their effects on the small bowel(SB)mucosa remain underexplored.AIM To prospectively assess clinical and mucosal responses to Modulen vs budesonide in adults with CD,using SB capsule endoscopy.METHODS Thirty patients were divided into two groups:Modulen+home-based diet(21 patients)and budesonide(9 patients)for an eight-week intervention followed by four weeks of follow-up.Clinical,laboratory,and endoscopic responses were evaluated.The mucosal changes were assessed through SB capsule endoscopy.RESULTS Results indicated significant clinical improvement in the Modulen group with reduced CD activity index(P=0.041)and improved inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire score(P=0.016).Moreover,Modulen was associated with a signifi-cant SB mucosal improvement,evidenced by a decrease in Lewis score(P=0.027).No significant changes were observed in calprotectin or other laboratory parame-ters.Conversely,budesonide exhibited more modest clinical effects,but it improved calprotectin,hemoglobin,and C-reactive protein levels(P=0.051,P=0.014,and P=0.038,respectively).The capsule endoscopy did not reveal a significant mucosal response in the budesonide group.CONCLUSION Both interventions have a role in CD treatment.Yet,their effects differ and may complement each other:Modulen yields clinical and mucosal improvements,while budesonide primarily leads mainly to laboratory improvements.
文摘Oral cancer is one of the malignant neoplasms that present major global health challenge.It is the sixth most prevalent type of cancer in the world,with a high incidence and mortality rate.This letter is a review of the study by Yin et al which was published in the World Journal of Clinical Cases(2024).The study evaluated the effect of Tongluo Jiedu as an adjuvant treatment for oral cancer.Over the years,there has been a continuous search for effective and less invasive treatments for oral cancer.This article emphasizes and discusses various therapeutic options currently available,and it highlights that early intervention and multidisciplinary management are crucial for improving outcomes.Traditional Chinese medicine,particularly Tongluo Jiedu,presents potential complementary approach to co-nventional oral cancer therapies.Future research on Tongluo Jiedu should be focused on validation of its efficacy and safety through large,well-designed clinical trials,as well as better understanding of the molecular mechanisms in-volved,and optimization of therapeutic combinations.Additionally,continuous education of health professionals is key to the effective and safe integration of this traditional medicine into clinical practice.Continuous research is essential for optimization of therapeutic strategies and for addressing the challenges presented by this neoplasm.
文摘Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)is the most common head and neck malignancy worldwide,accounting for more than 90%of all oral cancers,and is characterized by high invasiveness and poor long-term prognosis.Its etiology is multifactorial,involving tobacco use,alcohol consumption,and human papillomavirus(HPV)infection.Oral leukoplakia and erythroplakia are the main precancerous lesions lesions,with oral leukoplakia being the most common.Both OSCC and premalignant lesions are closely associated with aberrant activation of multiple signaling pathways.Post-translational modifications(such as ubiquitination and deubiquitination)play key roles in regulating these pathways by controlling protein stability and activity.Growing evidence indicates that dysregulated ubiquitination/deubiquitination can mediate OSCC initiation and progression via aberrant activation of signaling pathways.The ubiquitination/deubiquitination process mainly involves E3 ligases(E3s)that catalyze substrate ubiquitination,deubiquitinating enzymes(DUBs)that remove ubiquitin chains,and the 26S proteasome complex that degrades ubiquitinated substrates.Abnormal expression or mutation of E3s and DUBs can lead to altered stability of critical tumorrelated proteins,thereby driving OSCC initiation and progression.Therefore,understanding the aberrantly activated signaling pathways in OSCC and the ubiquitination/deubiquitination mechanisms within these pathways will help elucidate the molecular mechanisms and improve OSCC treatment by targeting relevant components.Here,we summarize four aberrantly activated signaling pathways in OSCC―the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway,Wnt/β-catenin pathway,Hippo pathway,and canonical NF-κB pathway―and systematically review the regulatory mechanisms of ubiquitination/deubiquitination within these pathways,along with potential drug targets.PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is aberrantly activated in approximately 70%of OSCC cases.It is modulated by E3s(e.g.,FBXW7 and NEDD4)and DUBs(e.g.,USP7 and USP10):FBXW7 and USP10 inhibit signaling,while NEDD4 and USP7 potentiate it.Aberrant activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway leads toβ-catenin nuclear translocation and induction of cell proliferation.This pathway is modulated by E3s(e.g.,c-Cbl and RNF43)and DUBs(e.g.,USP9X and USP20):c-Cbl and RNF43 inhibit signaling,while USP9X and USP20 potentiate it.Hippo pathway inactivation permits YAP/TAZ to enter the nucleus and promotes cancer cell metastasis.This pathway is modulated by E3s(e.g.,CRL4^(DCAF1) and SIAH2)and DUBs(e.g.,USP1 and USP21):CRL4^(DCAF1) and SIAH2 inhibit signaling,while USP1 and USP21 potentiate it.Persistent activation of the canonical NF-κB pathway is associated with an inflammatory microenvironment and chemotherapy resistance.This pathway is modulated by E3s(e.g.,TRAF6 and LUBAC)and DUBs(e.g.,A20 and CYLD):A20 and CYLD inhibit signaling,while TRAF6 and LUBAC potentiate it.Targeting these E3s and DUBs provides directions for OSCC drug research.Small-molecule inhibitors such as YCH2823(a USP7 inhibitor),GSK2643943A(a USP20 inhibitor),and HOIPIN-8(a LUBAC inhibitor)have shown promising antitumor activity in preclinical models;PROTAC molecules,by binding to surface sites of target proteins and recruiting E3s,achieve targeted ubiquitination and degradation of proteins insensitive to small-molecule inhibitors,for example,PU7-1-mediated USP7 degradation,offering new strategies to overcome traditional drug limitations.Currently,NX-1607(a Cbl-b inhibitor)has entered phase I clinical trials,with preliminary results confirming its safety and antitumor activity.Future research on aberrant E3s and DUBs in OSCC and the development of highly specific inhibitors will be of great significance for OSCC precision therapy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A20445)the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou(202206080009)。
文摘Radiochemotherapy-induced oral mucositis(OM)is a common oral complication in patients with tumors following head and neck radiotherapy or chemotherapy.Erosion and ulcers are the main features of OM that seriously affect the quality of life of patients and even the progress of tumor treatment.To date,differences in clinical prevention and treatment plans for OM have been noted among doctors of various specialties,which has increased the uncertainty of treatment effects.On the basis of current research evidence,this expert consensus outlines risk factors,clinical manifestations,clinical grading,ancillary examinations,diagnostic basis,prevention and treatment strategies and efficacy indicators for OM.In addition to strategies such as basic oral care,antiinflammatory and analgesic agents,anti-infective agents,pro-healing agents,and photobiotherapy recommended in previous guidelines,we also emphasize the role of traditional Chinese medicine in OM prevention and treatment.This expert consensus aims to provide references and guidance for dental physicians and oncologists in formulating strategies for OM prevention,diagnosis,and treatment,standardizing clinical practice,reducing OM occurrence,promoting healing,and improving the quality of life of patients.
基金the National Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Prevention and Treatment of Open Subject Project(SKLOD2024OF04)Luzhou City Science and Technology Plan Project(2023RCX171)Sichuan Province Medical Research Project Program(S23043)。
文摘Decorin(DCN)is primarily found in the connective tissues of various parts of the body,including the lungs,kidneys,bone tissue,aorta,and tendons.It is an important component of the extracellular matrix(ECM)and belongs to the class I small leucine-rich proteoglycans family.DCN is increasingly attracting attention due to its significant role in tumors,fibrotic diseases,and the regulation of vascular formation.Moreover,its anti-tumor properties have positioned it as a promising biomarker in the fight against cancer.Numerous studies have confirmed that DCN can exert inhibitory effects in various solid tumors,particularly in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC),by activating its downstream pathways through binding with the epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)and mesenchymal-epithelial transition(MET)receptor,or by stabilizing and enhancing the expression of the tumor suppressor gene p53 to mediate apoptosis in cancer cells that have undergone mutation.The occurrence of OSCC is a continuous and dynamic process,encompassing the transition from normal mucosa to oral potentially malignant disorders(OPMDs),and further progressing from OPMDs to the malignant transformation into OSCC.We have found that DCN may exhibit a bidirectional effect in the progression of oral mucosal carcinogenesis,showing a trend of initial elevation followed by a decline,which decreases with the differentiation of OSCC.In OPMDs,DCN exhibits high expression and may be associated with malignant transformation,possibly linked to the increased expression of P53 in OPMDs.In OSCC,the expression of DCN is reduced,which can impact OSCC angiogenesis,and inhibit tumor cell proliferation,migration,and invasion capabilities,serving as a potential marker for predicting adverse prognosis in OSCC patients.This article reviews the current research status of DCN,covering its molecular structure,properties,and involvement in the onset and progression of oral mucosal carcinogenesis.It elucidates DCN’s role in this process and aims to offer insights for future investigations into its mechanism of action in oral mucosal carcinogenesis and its potential application in the early diagnosis and treatment of OSCC.
文摘Background:Oral health issues persistently affect the overall health and well-being of rural populations.Village health volunteers(VHVs)play a crucial role in advancing oral health literacy in their community.This study aimed to examine the factors related to nutritional literacy for oral health among VHVs.Methods:This was a mixed-methods study employing an explanatory sequential design.The quantitative data were gathered through questionnaires distributed to a cohort of 10,514 VHVs registered in Health Region 1.A stratified random sampling technique was used to ensure adequate representation of various subgroups within the VHV population,considering factors such as age,education level,and geographical distribution across the region.This approach allowed for a more representative sample that accurately reflects the diversity of the VHV population.Qualitative data were obtained through semi-structured interviews with a purposive sampling of 20 participants based on specific criteria.Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and biserial correlation techniques,while qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis.Results:The study found that the sample group possessed a moderate level of knowledge of health literacy principles and nutrition for oral health.However,their self-assessed skills in nutritional literacy for oral health were rated as high.A statistically significant negative correlation was found between knowledge of nutrition for oral health and skills in nutritional literacy for oral health.VHVs equated health literacy with knowledge because their public health training had focused more on imparting knowledge rather than developing skills based on health literacy principles.Conclusion:There is a need to emphasize skill-based health literacy training and to use effective skill development techniques that are tailored to the specific roles and responsibilities of health volunteers.It is also recommended to continuously monitor and evaluate the outcomes of these efforts.
基金study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2402900)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82470989,52103327)+3 种基金The Joint Funds of the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2023JJ60509)The Science and Technology Talent Support Project of the Hunan Provincial Science Popularization Special Project(2023TJ-Z08)Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate(2023ZZTS0218)The Postgraduate Inde-pendent Exploration Innovation Fund of the Central South University(2023ZZTS0987)。
文摘Oral submucous fibrosis(OSF),characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix(ECM)that causes oral mucosal tissue sclerosis,and even cancer transformation,is a chronic,progressive fibrosis disease.However,despite some advancements in recent years,no targeted antifibrotic strategies for OSF have been approved;likely because the complicated mechanisms that initiate and drive fibrosis remain to be determined.In this review,we briefly introduce the epidemiology and etiology of OSF.Then,we highlight how cell-intrinsic changes in significant structural cells can drive fibrotic response by regulating biological behaviors,secretion function,and activation of ECM-producing myofibroblasts.In addition,we also discuss the role of innate and adaptive immune cells and how they contribute to the pathogenesis of OSF.Finally,we summarize strategies to interrupt key mechanisms that cause OSF,including modulation of the ECM,inhibition of inflammation,improvement of vascular disturbance.This review will provide potential routes for developing novel anti-OSF therapeutics.
基金supported by National Science Foundation CAREER (2238972)National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research awards (R03DE031329 and R01DE030943)The Translational Tissue Modeling Laboratory is supported by the University of Michigan (Center for Gastrointestinal Research,Office of the Dean, Comprehensive Cancer Center, and the Departments of Pathology, Pharmacology, and Internal Medicine) with additional funding from the Endowment for Basic Sciences
文摘Understanding microbial-host interactions in the oral cavity is essential for elucidating oral disease pathogenesis and its systemic implications.In vitro bacteria-host cell coculture models have enabled fundamental studies to characterize bacterial infection and host responses in a reductionist yet reproducible manner.However,existing in vitro coculture models fail to establish conditions that are suitable for the growth of both mammalian cells and anaerobes,thereby hindering a comprehensive understanding of their interactions.Here,we present an asymmetric gas coculture system that simulates the oral microenvironment by maintaining distinct normoxic and anaerobic conditions for gingival epithelial cells and anaerobic bacteria,respectively.Using a key oral pathobiont,Fusobacterium nucleatum,as the primary test bed,we demonstrate that the system preserves bacterial viability and supports the integrity of telomerase-immortalized gingival keratinocytes.Compared to conventional models,this system enhanced bacterial invasion,elevated intracellular bacterial loads,and elicited more robust host pro-inflammatory responses,including increased secretion of CXCL10,IL-6,and IL-8.In addition,the model enabled precise evaluation of antibiotic efficacy against intracellular pathogens.Finally,we validate the ability of the asymmetric system to support the proliferation of a more oxygen-sensitive oral pathobiont,Porphyromonas gingivalis.These results underscore the utility of this coculture platform for studying oral microbial pathogenesis and screening therapeutics,offering a physiologically relevant approach to advance oral and systemic health research.
文摘BACKGROUND Smoking is a leading cause of carcinogenesis in the head and neck region,representing a critical public health issue.Identifying genotoxic damage in smokers can provide valuable insights for developing preventive interventions.AIM To assess genotoxic damage through the micronucleus assay in exfoliated buccal mucosa cells from users of conventional tobacco,reverse smoking,cannabis,electronic cigarettes,and non-smokers.METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with 100 participants divided into five groups:20 conventional tobacco smokers,20 reverse smokers,20 electronic cigarette users,20 cannabis users,and 20 non-smokers.Exfoliated buccal mucosa cells were analyzed using Giemsa and Papanicolaou staining to identify micronuclei(MN)as markers of genotoxic damage.RESULTS MN were present in 86%of the samples.Statistically significant differences were observed in the median micronucleus count between conventional,reverse,and electronic cigarette smokers compared to non-smokers(P<0.001),while no significant difference was found for cannabis smokers(P=0.89).A significant correlation was identified between the presence of oral lesions and micronucleus count(P=0.03).Regression analysis ruled out alcohol as a confounding factor.CONCLUSION This study identified genotoxic damage associated with various smoking habits,except for cannabis use,highlighting the need for public health interventions to reduce smoking and mitigate its genotoxic effects.These findings provide a foundation for future research and the implementation of preventive policies.
文摘BACKGROUND Celiac disease(CD)is an autoimmune disease triggered by the ingestion of gluten in genetically predisposed individuals.It is more commonly diagnosed in children presenting typical clinical signs and symptoms but most of the CD patients diagnosed in the developed world are silent cases with no prominent gastrointestinal features.Thus,there are silent forms of the disease in which oral manifestations are the first sign.In the pediatric population oral health can affect growth and self-esteem and have a negative impact in their life quality.AIM To assess the prevalence and types of oral manifestations in pediatric patients with CD.METHODS We performed a comprehensive literature search in PubMed,Scielo,Cochrane Library and Lilacs databases from 2014-2024.Three independent researchers screened and extracted the information,applying the eligibility criteria and bias was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute tools.RESULTS Of the initial 241 articles,14 studies fulfilled the proposed objectives and were included in the review.The main oral manifestations found were recurrent aphthous stomatitis and enamel defects.Additionally,delayed tooth eruption,angular cheilitis,glossodynia and xerostomia were also reported.CONCLUSION Assessing oral manifestations is crucial,especially in underdiagnosed cases of children with CD.Recognizing these signs helps pediatricians or general practitioners identify them during routine exams,enabling early diagnosis and treatment to prevent negative impacts on the child’s and family’s quality of life.
文摘Effects of Mingzhu Oral Liquid on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Rats with Liver-Kidney Yin Deficiency WANG Yi-ting1,ZHAO Yang1,ZHU Fei-ya1,WANG Si-qiong1,ZHU Ling-lei1,LI Tao2,TANG Min-ke1,1.Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Beijing,100029,China 2.Guangzhou Yitong Technology Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou,510653,China【ABSTRACT】Objective:This study aimed to observe the effects of Mingzhu Oral Liquid on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis in rats with“liver-kidney yin deficiency”,in order to provide scientific research support for its clinical application in treating related disorders.Methods:A“liver-kidney yin deficiency”model was established in male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats using a combination of chronic restraint stress and a single lipopolysaccharide(LPS)challenge.The rats were randomly divided into four groups:a blank control group,a model group,a low-dose Mingzhu Oral Liquid group,and a high-dose Mingzhu Oral Liquid group.The blank control group and model group were given normal saline by gavage,while the treatment groups received respective doses of Mingzhu Oral Liquid.Gavage administration was performed once daily for 30 consecutive days.During this period,all groups except the blank control group were subjected to restraint stress.Following the final gavage,all groups except the blank control received an intraperitoneal injection of LPS.Samples were collected 24 h post-injection.Serum levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)and cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP)were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)to evaluate the model state.The serum concentrations of corticotropin-releasing hormone(CRH),adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH),and glucocorticoid(GC)were determined to assess HPA axis activity.Changes in proinflammatory factors[tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),interleukin-1 beta(IL-1β)]and the anti-inflammatory factor interleukin-10(IL-10)were also measured.Results:One week into the experiment,the weight gain rate slowed in all stress groups.By the end of the experiment,the body weight of these groups was significantly lower than that of the blank control group.Biochemical and hematological analyses revealed that the model group exhibited a significant decrease in lymphocyte count,an increased cAMP/cGMP ratio,reduced activities of glutathione S-transferase(GST)and glutathione transferase(GLT),elevated levels of blood urea nitrogen(BUN)and serum creatinine(Scr),increased serum contents of TNF-αand IL-1β,and a decreased content of IL-10.These findings confirmed the successful establishment of the rat model.Although the body weight of animals treated with Mingzhu Oral Liquid remained lower than that of the normal group,the treatment improved weight gain compared to the model group.Furthermore,Mingzhu Oral Liquid administration increased lymphocyte count,decreased the cAMP/cGMP ratio,restored GST and GLT activities,reduced BUN and Scr levels,lowered serum TNF-αand IL-1βcontents,and increased IL-10 levels,indicating a significant ameliorative effect on the deficiency symptoms.Additionally,serum levels of CRH,ACTH,and GC were elevated in the model rats,suggesting HPA axis hyperactivity.Treatment with Mingzhu Oral Liquid reduced the serum concentrations of these hormones,significantly alleviating the excited state of the HPA axis in stressed rats.Conclusion:Mingzhu Oral Liquid significantly improves the abnormal overall physical signs,blood biochemical parameters,and systemic inflammation in rats with“liver-kidney yin deficiency.”These therapeutic effects may be associated with the corrective action of Mingzhu Oral Liquid on the dysfunctional HPA axis in this model.
基金was given by a 2017 Research Grant of the Italian Society of Interventional Cardiology (SICI-GISE)
文摘BACKGROUND Antithrombotic strategies after percutaneous coronary interventions(PCI)in elderly patients on oral anticoagulant therapy(OAT)are debated due to the balance between ischemic and bleeding risks.Recent guidelines recommend early transitioning from triple antithrombotic therapy to dual antithrombotic therapy,but there are limited data on elderly patients.METHODS We performed a post-hoc age-specific analysis of the PERSEO Registry population aimed to compare clinical features,therapeutic strategies,and outcomes of individuals aged≥80 years and<80 years who were on OAT and underwent PCI with stent.The primary endpoint was net adverse clinical events at 1-year follow-up.Secondary endpoints included major adverse cardiac and cerebral events(MACCE),major bleeding[Bleeding Academic Research Consortium(BARC)type 3–5],and clinically relevant bleeding(BARC type 2-5).RESULTS Among the 1234 patients enrolled,31%of patients were aged≥80 years(84±3 years,76% males).Compared to younger patients,elderly patients had higher rates of comorbidities such as hypertension,anaemia or chronic kidney disease,and atrial fibrillation was the leading indication for OAT.Elderly patients were more often discharged on dual antithrombotic therapy(23%)compared to younger patients(13%)(P<0.0001).They experienced higher net adverse clinical events(38%vs.21%,P<0.001),MACCE(24%vs.12%,P<0.001),as well as higher bleeding rates.Specifically,rates of major bleeding(9%vs.6%,P=0.026),and clinically relevant bleeding(21%vs.12%,P<0.001)were significantly higher in elderly patients.CONCLUSIONS Elderly patients on OAT undergoing PCI are a particular frail population with higher risk of MACCE and bleeding compared to younger patients despite a less aggressive antithrombotic therapy.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2023QZJH59/226-2023-00155)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82370990 and 82201051)+1 种基金the Medical Health Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Provincial Health Commis-sion(No.WKJ-ZJ-2335)the Innovative Talent of Zhejiang Provincial Health Commission,the Zhejiang“Xinmiao”Tal-ents Program(No.2023R401211),China.
文摘This systematic review and meta-analysis considered the results of randomized controlled clinical trials(RCTs)to evaluate the efficacy of systemic or local antibiotic therapy in peri-implantitis.Two independent authors screened publications from three electronic databases to include RCTs meeting all the inclusion and exclusion criteria.A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the weighted mean differences in survival rate(SR)and changes in pocket probing depth(PPD),bone level(BL),and clinical attachment level(CAL).The study cohorts were defined as antibiotic and control groups with subgroups for analysis.Seven studies including 309 patients(390 implants)were considered.Within the limitations of this review,patients in the antibiotic groups exhibited significant improvements in PPD.Subgroup analysis indicated that the administration of systemic antibiotics or the use of antibiotics in non-surgical treatments did not result in a significant alteration in BL.It was established that the addition of antibiotics can ameliorate PPD and SR in the treatment of peri-implantitis,whether through surgical or non-surgical approaches,and also shows moderate performance regarding BL and CAL.Considering the lack of application of new technologies in the control group and the hardship of assessing the potential risks of antibiotics,careful clinical judgment is still necessary.
基金supported by Science&Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program(2022FY100800)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS)(2021-12M-1-023/2023-12M-C&T-B-005)+1 种基金Funding for Reform and Development of Beijing Municipal Health Commissionthe National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(2022-PUMCH-B-094).
文摘Menopause is characterized by the cessation of menstruation and a decline in reproductive function,which is an intrinsic component of the aging process.However,it has been a frequently overlooked field of women’s health.The oral and gut microbiota,constituting the largest ecosystem within the human body,are important for maintaining human health and notably contribute to the healthy aging of menopausal women.Therefore,a comprehensive review elucidating the impact of the gut and oral microbiota on menopause for healthy aging is of paramount importance.This paper presents the current understanding of the microbiome during menopause,with a particular focus on alterations in the oral and gut microbiota.Our study elucidates the complex interplay between the microbiome and sex hormone levels,explores microbial crosstalk dynamics,and investigates the associations between the microbiome and diseases linked to menopause.Additionally,this review explores the potential of microbiome-targeting therapies for managing menopause-related diseases.Given that menopause can last for approximately 30 years,gaining insights into how the microbiome and menopause interact could pave the way for innovative interventions,which may result in symptomatic relief from menopause and an increase in quality of life in women.
