The oral microbiome is the second largest microbial community in the human body after the gut microbiome.It includes an array of fungi,bacteria,amoebae,flagellates,archaea,and viruses,all of which are potential pathog...The oral microbiome is the second largest microbial community in the human body after the gut microbiome.It includes an array of fungi,bacteria,amoebae,flagellates,archaea,and viruses,all of which are potential pathogens.This microbiome can act as a facilitator not only for protection but also for aggravation when dysbiosis occurs.Although conventional thought is this is primarily in terms of oral health issues,such as dental caries and gingival disease.The systemic effects of the oral microbiome however,are relevant to both gastrointestinal(GI)disease and non-GI disease.These systemic risks occur for several reasons,including upregulation of cytokines,adhesion cell-like processes,toll-like receptors,reactive oxidative species or generation of mutation inducing DNA changes.Additionally,there is translocation risk of potential active pathogens or their metabolic byproducts.There is a substantial and growing body of evidence that the oral microbiome influences diseases including Barrett’s esophagus,metabolicassociated steatosis liver disease,and GI cancers.Additionally,there is burgeoning evidence of a causal association with systemic inflammatory diseases,including inflammatory bowel disease.This report discusses the most recent evidence of this association and highlights new approaches to potentially enhance our“best practice”strategies for optimal care of patients with inflammatory bowel disease.展开更多
Menopause is characterized by the cessation of menstruation and a decline in reproductive function,which is an intrinsic component of the aging process.However,it has been a frequently overlooked field of women’s hea...Menopause is characterized by the cessation of menstruation and a decline in reproductive function,which is an intrinsic component of the aging process.However,it has been a frequently overlooked field of women’s health.The oral and gut microbiota,constituting the largest ecosystem within the human body,are important for maintaining human health and notably contribute to the healthy aging of menopausal women.Therefore,a comprehensive review elucidating the impact of the gut and oral microbiota on menopause for healthy aging is of paramount importance.This paper presents the current understanding of the microbiome during menopause,with a particular focus on alterations in the oral and gut microbiota.Our study elucidates the complex interplay between the microbiome and sex hormone levels,explores microbial crosstalk dynamics,and investigates the associations between the microbiome and diseases linked to menopause.Additionally,this review explores the potential of microbiome-targeting therapies for managing menopause-related diseases.Given that menopause can last for approximately 30 years,gaining insights into how the microbiome and menopause interact could pave the way for innovative interventions,which may result in symptomatic relief from menopause and an increase in quality of life in women.展开更多
The oral microbiota plays an important role in the development of various diseases,whereas its association with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains largely unclear.The aim of this study is to identify biomarke...The oral microbiota plays an important role in the development of various diseases,whereas its association with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains largely unclear.The aim of this study is to identify biomarkers from the oral microbiota of GDM patients by analyzing the microbiome of the saliva and dental plaque samples of 111 pregnant women.We find that the microbiota of both types of oral samples in GDM patients exhibits differences and significantly varies from that of patients with periodontitis or dental caries.Using bacterial biomarkers from the oral microbiota,GDM classification models based on support vector machine and random forest algorithms are constructed.The area under curve (AUC) value of the classification model constructed by combination of Lautropia and Neisseria in dental plaque and Streptococcus in saliva reaches 0.83,and the value achieves a maximum value of 0.89 by adding clinical features.These findings suggest that certain bacteria in either saliva or dental plaque can effectively distinguish women with GDM from healthy pregnant women,which provides evidence of oral microbiome as an informative source for developing noninvasive biomarkers of GDM.展开更多
Objective:We aimed to prospectively evaluate the association of oral microbiome with malignant esophageal lesions and its predictive potential as a biomarker of risk.Methods:We conducted a case-control study nested wi...Objective:We aimed to prospectively evaluate the association of oral microbiome with malignant esophageal lesions and its predictive potential as a biomarker of risk.Methods:We conducted a case-control study nested within a population-based cohort with up to 8 visits of oral swab collection for each subject over an 11-year period in a high-risk area for esophageal cancer in China.The oral microbiome was evaluated with 16 S ribosomal RNA(rRNA)gene sequencing in 428 pre-diagnostic oral specimens from 84 cases with esophageal lesions of severe squamous dysplasia and above(SDA)and 168 matched healthy controls.DESeq analysis was performed to identify taxa of differential abundance.Differential oral species together with subject characteristics were evaluated for their potential in predicting SDA risk by constructing conditional logistic regression models.Results:A total of 125 taxa including 37 named species showed significantly different abundance between SDA cases and controls(all P<0.05&false discovery rate-adjusted Q<0.10).A multivariate logistic model including 11 SDA lesion-related species and family history of esophageal cancer provided an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)of 0.89(95%CI,0.84-0.93).Cross-validation and sensitivity analysis,excluding cases diagnosed within 1 year of collection of the baseline specimen and their matched controls,or restriction to screenendoscopic-detected or clinically diagnosed case-control triads,or using only bacterial data measured at the baseline,yielded AUCs>0.84.Conclusions:The oral microbiome may play an etiological and predictive role in esophageal cancer,and it holds promise as a non-invasive early warning biomarker for risk stratification for esophageal cancer screening programs.展开更多
Dear Editor,Alterations in the human microbiome are closely related to various hepatobiliary diseases.Gut microbial dysbiosis has been found in patients with cholangiocarcinoma(CCA)[1].However,the characteristics of o...Dear Editor,Alterations in the human microbiome are closely related to various hepatobiliary diseases.Gut microbial dysbiosis has been found in patients with cholangiocarcinoma(CCA)[1].However,the characteristics of oral microbiome in patients with CCA have not been studied.展开更多
Background Recent studies have suggested a potential role of the oral microbiome in the development of cardiovascular diseases.This study aims to investigate the association between oral microbiota and cardiovascular ...Background Recent studies have suggested a potential role of the oral microbiome in the development of cardiovascular diseases.This study aims to investigate the association between oral microbiota and cardiovascular disease risk,including atrial fibrillation,myocardial infarction,chronic heart failure,and hypertension.Methods We analyzed GWAS data from East Asian populations'oral microbiome,involving 2,017 tongue and 1,915 saliva samples from 2,984 individuals with whole-genome sequencing.Additionally,we sourced cardiovascular disease GWAS data from NBDC,including atrial fibrillation(8,180 cases,28,621 controls),myocardial infarction(14,992 cases,146,214 controls),chronic heart failure(10,540 cases,168,186 controls),and systolic blood pressure(145,505 individuals).Results Several oral microbiota taxa were found to be significantly associated with cardiovascular disease outcomes.Specific microbiota,such as Centipeda,Corynebacterium,and Pseudomonas E,were negatively correlated with heart failure.In contrast,taxa like Neisseria D and Actinomyces were associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation and myocardial infarction.Additionally,certain oral microbiota showed correlations with changes in blood pressure,highlighting their potential role in hypertension.Conclusion Our findings suggest that the oral microbiota may influence the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases,providing new insights into the potential impact of oral health on cardiovascular risk.展开更多
Microbes appear in every corner of human life, and microbes affect every aspect of human life. The human oral cavity contains a number of different habitats. Synergy and interaction of variable oral microorganisms hel...Microbes appear in every corner of human life, and microbes affect every aspect of human life. The human oral cavity contains a number of different habitats. Synergy and interaction of variable oral microorganisms help human body against invasion of undesirable stim- ulation outside. However, imbalance of microbial flora contributes to oral diseases and systemic diseases. Oral microbiomes play an important role in the human microbial community and human health. The use of recently developed molecular methods has greatly expanded our knowledge of the composition and function of the oral microbiome in health and disease. Studies in oral microbiomes and their interactions with microbiomes in variable body sites and variable health condition are critical in our cognition of our body and how to make effect on human health improvement.展开更多
The oral cavity of each person is home to hundreds of bacterial species.While taxa for oral diseases have been studied using culture-based characterization as well as amplicon sequencing,metagenomic and genomic inform...The oral cavity of each person is home to hundreds of bacterial species.While taxa for oral diseases have been studied using culture-based characterization as well as amplicon sequencing,metagenomic and genomic information remains scarce compared to the fecal microbiome.Here,using metagenomic shotgun data for 3346 oral metagenomic samples together with 808 published samples,we obtain 56,213 metagenome-assembled genomes(MAGs),and more than 64%of the 3589 species-level genome bins(SGBs)contain no publicly available genomes.The resulting genome collection is representative of samples around the world and contains many genomes from candidate phyla radiation(CPR)that lack monoculture.Also,it enables the discovery of new taxa such as a genus Candidatus Bgiplasma within the family Acholeplasmataceae.Large-scale metagenomic data from massive samples also allow the assembly of strains from important oral taxa such as Porphyromonas and Neisseria.The oral microbes encode genes that could potentially metabolize drugs.Apart from these findings,a strongly male-enriched Campylobacter species was identified.Oral samples would be more user-friendly collected than fecal samples and have the potential for disease diagnosis.Thus,these data lay down a genomic framework for future inquiries of the human oral microbiome.展开更多
A massive depletion of CD4+T lymphocytes has been described in early and acute human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infection,leading to an imbalance between the human microbiome and immune responses.In recent years,a gro...A massive depletion of CD4+T lymphocytes has been described in early and acute human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infection,leading to an imbalance between the human microbiome and immune responses.In recent years,a growing interest in the alterations in gut microbiota in HIV infection has led to many studies;however,only few studies have been conducted to explore the importance of oral microbiome in HIV-infected individuals.Evidence has indicated the dysbiosis of oral microbiota in people living with HIV(PLWH).Potential mechanisms might be related to the immunodeficiency in the oral cavity of HIV-infected individuals,including changes in secretory components such as reduced levels of enzymes and proteins in saliva and altered cellular components involved in the reduction and dysfunction of innate and adaptive immune cells.As a result,disrupted oral immunity in HIV-infected individuals leads to an imbalance between the oral microbiome and local immune responses,which may contribute to the development of HIV-related diseases and HIV-associated non-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome comorbidities.Although the introduction of antiretroviral therapy(ART)has led to a significant decrease in occurrence of the opportunistic oral infections in HIV-infected individuals,the dysbiosis in oral microbiome persists.Furthermore,several studies with the aim to investigate the ability of probiotics to regulate the dysbiosis of oral microbiota in HIV-infected individuals are ongoing.However,the effects of ART and probiotics on oral microbiome in HIV-infected individuals remain unclear.In this article,we review the composition of the oral microbiome in healthy and HIV-infected individuals and the possible effect of oral microbiome on HIV-associated oral diseases.We also discuss how ART and probiotics influence the oral microbiome in HIV infection.We believe that a deeper understanding of composition and function of the oral microbiome is critical for the development of effective preventive and therapeutic strategies for HIV infection.展开更多
Our oral cavity houses various types of microbesincluding bacteria, protozoa, fungi and viruses, harboringover 700 bacterial species. Oral dysbiosis refers to theimbalance between symbionts and pathobionts in the oral...Our oral cavity houses various types of microbesincluding bacteria, protozoa, fungi and viruses, harboringover 700 bacterial species. Oral dysbiosis refers to theimbalance between symbionts and pathobionts in the oralcavity, posing potential threats to host cardiovascularhealth. Importantly, oral dysbiosis promotes cardiovascular pathophysiology through different mechanisms.Although overgrowth of certain pathogenic bacteria havebeen indicated in some cardiometabolic diseases, it is stillpremature to consider oral microbiome as a suitable predictor for non-invasive diagnostic purpose. However, targeting oral microbiome might still provide preventive andtherapeutic insights on cardiovascular diseases. Furtherextensive efforts are needed to deepen our understandingon oral-cardiovascular connection in the context of diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives.展开更多
The oral cavity contains the second-largest microbiota in the human body.The cavity's anatomically and physiologically diverse niches facilitate a wide range of symbiotic bacteria living at distinct oral sites.Con...The oral cavity contains the second-largest microbiota in the human body.The cavity's anatomically and physiologically diverse niches facilitate a wide range of symbiotic bacteria living at distinct oral sites.Consequently,the oral microbiota exhibits site specificity,with diverse species,compositions,and structures influenced by specific aspects of their placement.Variations in oral microbiota structure caused by changes in these influencing factors can impact overall health and lead to the development of diseases-not only in the oral cavity but also in organs distal to the mouth-such as cancer,cardiovascular disease,and respiratory disease.Conversely,diseases can exacerbate the imbalance of the oral microbiota,creating a vicious cycle.Understanding the heterogeneity of both the oral microbiome and individual humans is important for investigating the causal links between the oral microbiome and diseases.Additionally,understanding the intricacies of the oral microbiome's com-position and regulatory factors will help identify the potential causes of related diseases and develop interventions to prevent and treat llnesses in this domain.Therefore,turning to the extant research in this field,we systematically review the relationship between oral microbiome dynamics and human diseases.展开更多
Background:Due to the outbreak and rapid spread of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),more than 160 million patients have become convalescents worldwide to date.Significant alterations have occurred in the gut and ora...Background:Due to the outbreak and rapid spread of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),more than 160 million patients have become convalescents worldwide to date.Significant alterations have occurred in the gut and oral microbiome and metabonomics of patients with COVID-19.However,it is unknown whether their characteristics return to normal after the 1-year recovery.Methods:We recruited 35 confirmed patients to provide specimens at discharge and 1 year later,as well as 160healthy controls.A total of 497 samples were prospectively collected,including 219 tongue-coating,129 stool and 149 plasma samples.Tongue-coating and stool samples were subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing,and plasma samples were subjected to untargeted metabolomics testing.Results:The oral and gut microbiome and metabolomics characteristics of the 1-year convalescents were restored to a large extent but did not completely return to normal.In the recovery process,the microbial diversity gradually increased.Butyric acid-producing microbes and Bifidobacterium gradually increased,whereas lipopolysaccharideproducing microbes gradually decreased.In addition,sphingosine-1-phosphate,which is closely related to the inflammatory factor storm of COVID-19,increased significantly during the recovery process.Moreover,the predictive models established based on the microbiome and metabolites of patients at the time of discharge reached high efficacy in predicting their neutralizing antibody levels one year later.Conclusions:This study is the first to characterize the oral and gut microbiome and metabonomics in 1-year convalescents of COVID-19.The key microbiome and metabolites in the process of recovery were identified,and provided new treatment ideas for accelerating recovery.And the predictive models based on the microbiome and metabolomics afford new insights for predicting the recovery situation which benefited affected individuals and healthcare.展开更多
The "Biofilms, Microbiomes and Oral Diseases: Challenges and Future Perspectives" symposium jointly organized by Penn Dental Medicine and West China School of Stomatology was held on 30 September 2017 at Pen...The "Biofilms, Microbiomes and Oral Diseases: Challenges and Future Perspectives" symposium jointly organized by Penn Dental Medicine and West China School of Stomatology was held on 30 September 2017 at Penn Wharton China Center(PWCC) in Beijing,China. The topics included the pathogenicity of oral biofilms, novel strategies for the control of biofilm-related diseases, oral microbiome and single-cell approaches, and the link between oral diseases and overall health. Researchers from a number of disciplines, representing institutions from China and Penn Dental Medicine, gathered to discuss advances in our understanding of biofilms, as well as future directions for the control of biofilm-related oral and systemic diseases.展开更多
Marginal bone loss during bone healing exists around non-submerged dental implants. The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between different degrees of marginal bone loss during bone healing and the sa...Marginal bone loss during bone healing exists around non-submerged dental implants. The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between different degrees of marginal bone loss during bone healing and the salivary microbiome. One hundred patients were recruited, and marginal bone loss around their implants was measured using cone beam computed tomography during a 3-month healing period. The patients were divided into three groups according to the severity of marginal bone loss.Saliva samples were collected from all subjected and were analysed using 16 SMiSeq sequencing. Although the overall structure of the microbial community was not dramatically altered, the relative abundance of several taxonomic groups noticeably changed. The abundance of species in the phyla Spirochaeta and Synergistetes increased significantly as the bone loss became more severe. Species within the genus Treponema also exhibited increased abundance, whereas Veillonella, Haemophilus and Leptotrichia exhibited reduced abundances, in groups with more bone loss. Porphyromonasgingivalis, Treponemadenticola and Streptococcus intermedius were significantly more abundant in the moderate group and/or severe group. The severity of marginal bone loss around the non-submerged implant was associated with dissimilar taxonomic compositions. An increased severity of marginal bone loss was related to increased proportions of periodontal pathogenic species. These data suggest a potential role of microbes in the progression of marginal bone loss during bone healing.展开更多
Various studies have shown the interplay between the intestinal microbiome,environmental factors,and genetic changes in colorectal cancer(CRC)development.In this review,we highlight the various gut and oral microbiota...Various studies have shown the interplay between the intestinal microbiome,environmental factors,and genetic changes in colorectal cancer(CRC)development.In this review,we highlight the various gut and oral microbiota associated with CRC and colorectal adenomas,and their proposed molecular mechanisms in relation to the processes of“the hallmarks of cancer”,and differences in microbial diversity and abundance between race/ethnicity.Patients with CRC showed increased levels of Bacteroides,Prevotella,Escherichia coli,enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis,Streptococcus gallolyticus,Enterococcus faecalis,Fusobacterium nucleatum(F.nucleatum)and Clostridium difficile.Higher levels of Bacteroides have been found in African American(AA)compared to Caucasian American(CA)patients.Pro-inflammatory bacteria such as F.nucleatum and Enterobacter species were significantly higher in AAs.Also,AA patients have been shown to have decreased microbial diversity compared to CA patients.Some studies have shown that using microbiome profiles in conjunction with certain risk factors such as age,race and body mass index may help predict healthy colon vs one with adenomas or carcinomas.Periodontitis is one of the most common bacterial infections in humans and is more prevalent in Non-Hispanic-Blacks as compared to Non-Hispanic Whites.This condition causes increased systemic inflammation,immune dysregulation,gut microbiota dysbiosis and thereby possibly influencing colorectal carcinogenesis.Periodontal-associated bacteria such as Fusobacterium,Prevotella,Bacteroides and Porphyromonas have been found in CRC tissues and in feces of CRC patients.Therefore,a deeper understanding of the association between oral and gastrointestinal bacterial profile,in addition to identifying prevalent bacteria in patients with CRC and the differences observed in ethnicity/race,may play a pivotal role in predicting incidence,prognosis,and lead to the development of new treatments.展开更多
Orthodontic treatment offers great advantages in improving facial and smile aesthetics, self-confidence and the function of the stomatognathic apparatus. The pursuit of these advantages makes use of orthodontic applia...Orthodontic treatment offers great advantages in improving facial and smile aesthetics, self-confidence and the function of the stomatognathic apparatus. The pursuit of these advantages makes use of orthodontic appliances that could be fixed or removable. However, it’s worth stating that these appliances interfere with tooth brushing, making it more difficult to brush teeth effectively. Orthodontics appliances therefore promote the accumulation of dental plaque, which results in both quantitative and qualitative changes in the oral microbiota, hence, exposing patients to several adverse effects such as White spot lesions, dental caries, periodontal pathologies and halitosis. For this reason, oral assessment of patients before, during and after treatment is necessary as well as oral hygiene instructions and motivation. Orthodontists therefore, should educate patients on oral and periodontal hygiene in order to control dental and periodontal complications. Prescriptions of plaque control materials adapted to each patient are done in order to optimize the final result and minimize unwanted complications.展开更多
The human microflora is a complex ecosystem composed of diverse microorganisms mainly distributed in the epidermal and mucosal habitats of the entire body,including the mouth,lung,intestines,skin,and vagina.These micr...The human microflora is a complex ecosystem composed of diverse microorganisms mainly distributed in the epidermal and mucosal habitats of the entire body,including the mouth,lung,intestines,skin,and vagina.These microbial communities are involved in many essential functions,such as metabolism,immunity,host nutrition,and diseases.Recent studies have focused on the microbiota associated with cancers,particularly the oral and intestinal microbiota.Radiotherapy,the most effective cytotoxic modality available for solid tumors,contributes to the treatment of cancer patients.Mounting evidence supports that the microbiota plays pivotal roles in the efficacy and prognosis of tumor radiotherapy.Here,we review current research on the microbiota and cancer development,and describe knowledge gaps in the study of radiotherapy and the microbiota.Better understanding of the effects of the microbiome in tumorigenesis and radiotherapy will shed light on future novel prevention and treatment strategies based on modulating the microbiome in cancer patients.展开更多
Suboptimal dietary habits,such as excessive consumption of sugary foods and beverages,have been associated with a higher risk of dental caries.While known cariogenic species enrichment in the oral microbiome correlati...Suboptimal dietary habits,such as excessive consumption of sugary foods and beverages,have been associated with a higher risk of dental caries.While known cariogenic species enrichment in the oral microbiome correlating with dental caries,the complex interactions between dietary habits,the oral microbiota,and dental caries among adolescents remain underexplored.Here,we examined the comprehensive associations between dietary habits,oral microbiota,and dental caries among 421 adolescents(mean age:12.9 years,28%having dental caries).The dietary data were collected via a food frequency questionnaire,dental health was examined by a skilled dentist,and the saliva microbiota was profiled by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing.Significant difference in the oral microbial composition was observed between participants with and without dental caries(p-value<0.05),which was replicated in an external adult population(n=580).The relative abundances of 19 genera were associated with dental caries in adolescents independent of gender(all FDR-adjusted p-values<0.20).For example,dental caries was linked with a higher abundance of Prevotella and Veillonella,both of which were also enriched in higher consumer of sugary food and beverage.In mediation analysis,certain caries-related genera,including Staphylococcus and Paludibacteraceae F0058,might partially mediate the associations between dietary habits and dental caries(p-mediation<0.05).This research highlighted the role of oral microbiota in the association between dietary intakes and dental caries and may explain the potential mechanisms by which diet affects dental caries.展开更多
Both HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy(ART)affect the oral microbiome.Whether successful treatment with ART in people living with HIV(PLWH),which leads to a significant decline in viral loads and immune reconst...Both HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy(ART)affect the oral microbiome.Whether successful treatment with ART in people living with HIV(PLWH),which leads to a significant decline in viral loads and immune reconstitution,is associated with changes in or recovery of the oral microbiome remains unknown.Therefore,we performed a cross-sectional study of 118 PLWH receiving regular ART and 40 healthy controls(HCs).Among the 118 PLWH,18 immunological nonresponders(INRs;<200 CD4^(+)T cells/μL)and 30 immunological responders(IRs;≥500 CD4^(+)T cells/μL)were identified.The oral microbiota composition of all participants was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing of throat swab samples.Relative abundance of bacterial genera was compared between IRs and INRs,and Pearson correlations between bacterial abundance and peripheral blood immune cell counts were evaluated.The INR group showed lower alpha diversity than the IR and HC groups,which displayed similar alpha diversity.The genera Alloprevotella,Prevotella and Neisseria were more abundant in PLWH than in HCs,whereas the genera Rothia,Streptococcus and Fusobacterium were more abundant in HCs than in PLWH.The genus Rothia was more abundant in the INR group,whereas Prevotella,Alloprevotella,Porphyromonas and Haemophilus were more abundant in the IR group.The genera Rothia and Alloprevotella were negatively and positively associated with CD4^(+)T cell counts,respectively.Thus,an increased abundance of Rothia in the oral microbiome is associated with unfavorable outcomes regarding immune reconstitution in PLWH receiving regular ART,whereas Prevotella,Alloprevotella,Porphyromonas and Haemophilus are associated with favorable outcomes.展开更多
Background:In the dynamic progression of root canal infections,the resultant change in environmental conditions directs the adaptation of the microbiome in terms of richness,evenness,and diversity.Objective:The goal o...Background:In the dynamic progression of root canal infections,the resultant change in environmental conditions directs the adaptation of the microbiome in terms of richness,evenness,and diversity.Objective:The goal of this study is to contrast the interradicular bacterial community structures of teeth in acute and chronic stages and investigate potential microorganisms associated with persistent apical periapical infections.Methods:Interradicular samples were collected from 10 teeth in the apical periodontitis group and 10 teeth in the chronic apical periodontitis group.High-throughput next-generation sequencing(NGS)–based microbial identification through the Illumina platform was used to characterize the complex intraradicular microbial communities in acute and chronic root canal infections.Results:Bacteria were the major domain,with a prevalence of>97%(acute cases:98.11%and chronic cases:97.6%)compared to eukaryotes and archaea.Bacterial diversity was relatively higher in acute compared to chronic conditions under 10 and 9 phyla,79 and 64 genera,and 172 and 135 species,respectively.These endodontically infecting bacteria belonged to Firmicutes(47.21%),Bacteroidetes(20.07%),and Proteobacteria(10.72%)in acute conditions,while in the chronic stage,Firmicutes(40.85%),Proteobacteria(27.80%),and Actinobacteria(14.79%)were abundant.The phylum Candidatus Saccharibacteria was exclusively found in acute samples.Spirochaetes and Synergistetes were found predominantly in acute infections compared to chronic infections.Bacillus and Lactobacillus were found in equal and highest abundance under the phylum Firmicutes in both conditions.Conclusion:This study provides information on the differential microbial community present in the apical root canal system of teeth with acute and chronic apical periodontitis and contributes to new approaches or channels for future research on preventive measures and therapeutic protocols during disease progression and treatment.However,functional characterization and detection of antimicrobial resistance in these two clinical conditions can supplement these findings for deciding routine drug treatment for periodontal infections.展开更多
文摘The oral microbiome is the second largest microbial community in the human body after the gut microbiome.It includes an array of fungi,bacteria,amoebae,flagellates,archaea,and viruses,all of which are potential pathogens.This microbiome can act as a facilitator not only for protection but also for aggravation when dysbiosis occurs.Although conventional thought is this is primarily in terms of oral health issues,such as dental caries and gingival disease.The systemic effects of the oral microbiome however,are relevant to both gastrointestinal(GI)disease and non-GI disease.These systemic risks occur for several reasons,including upregulation of cytokines,adhesion cell-like processes,toll-like receptors,reactive oxidative species or generation of mutation inducing DNA changes.Additionally,there is translocation risk of potential active pathogens or their metabolic byproducts.There is a substantial and growing body of evidence that the oral microbiome influences diseases including Barrett’s esophagus,metabolicassociated steatosis liver disease,and GI cancers.Additionally,there is burgeoning evidence of a causal association with systemic inflammatory diseases,including inflammatory bowel disease.This report discusses the most recent evidence of this association and highlights new approaches to potentially enhance our“best practice”strategies for optimal care of patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
基金supported by Science&Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program(2022FY100800)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS)(2021-12M-1-023/2023-12M-C&T-B-005)+1 种基金Funding for Reform and Development of Beijing Municipal Health Commissionthe National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(2022-PUMCH-B-094).
文摘Menopause is characterized by the cessation of menstruation and a decline in reproductive function,which is an intrinsic component of the aging process.However,it has been a frequently overlooked field of women’s health.The oral and gut microbiota,constituting the largest ecosystem within the human body,are important for maintaining human health and notably contribute to the healthy aging of menopausal women.Therefore,a comprehensive review elucidating the impact of the gut and oral microbiota on menopause for healthy aging is of paramount importance.This paper presents the current understanding of the microbiome during menopause,with a particular focus on alterations in the oral and gut microbiota.Our study elucidates the complex interplay between the microbiome and sex hormone levels,explores microbial crosstalk dynamics,and investigates the associations between the microbiome and diseases linked to menopause.Additionally,this review explores the potential of microbiome-targeting therapies for managing menopause-related diseases.Given that menopause can last for approximately 30 years,gaining insights into how the microbiome and menopause interact could pave the way for innovative interventions,which may result in symptomatic relief from menopause and an increase in quality of life in women.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31722031, 31670119, 31870107 and 32070122)the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KFZDSW-219)the Medical Health Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Provincial (2019ZD048, 2018275012)。
文摘The oral microbiota plays an important role in the development of various diseases,whereas its association with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains largely unclear.The aim of this study is to identify biomarkers from the oral microbiota of GDM patients by analyzing the microbiome of the saliva and dental plaque samples of 111 pregnant women.We find that the microbiota of both types of oral samples in GDM patients exhibits differences and significantly varies from that of patients with periodontitis or dental caries.Using bacterial biomarkers from the oral microbiota,GDM classification models based on support vector machine and random forest algorithms are constructed.The area under curve (AUC) value of the classification model constructed by combination of Lautropia and Neisseria in dental plaque and Streptococcus in saliva reaches 0.83,and the value achieves a maximum value of 0.89 by adding clinical features.These findings suggest that certain bacteria in either saliva or dental plaque can effectively distinguish women with GDM from healthy pregnant women,which provides evidence of oral microbiome as an informative source for developing noninvasive biomarkers of GDM.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30930102,82073626,81502855,81773501)the National Key R&D program of China(No.2016YFC0901404)+4 种基金the National Special Programme of Scientific and Technological Resources Investigation(No.2019FY101102)the Digestive Medical Coordinated Development Center of Beijing Hospitals Authority(No.XXZ0204)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.7182033)the Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospital’s Youth Programme(No.QML20171101)the Science Foundation of Peking University Cancer Hospital(No.2020-7)。
文摘Objective:We aimed to prospectively evaluate the association of oral microbiome with malignant esophageal lesions and its predictive potential as a biomarker of risk.Methods:We conducted a case-control study nested within a population-based cohort with up to 8 visits of oral swab collection for each subject over an 11-year period in a high-risk area for esophageal cancer in China.The oral microbiome was evaluated with 16 S ribosomal RNA(rRNA)gene sequencing in 428 pre-diagnostic oral specimens from 84 cases with esophageal lesions of severe squamous dysplasia and above(SDA)and 168 matched healthy controls.DESeq analysis was performed to identify taxa of differential abundance.Differential oral species together with subject characteristics were evaluated for their potential in predicting SDA risk by constructing conditional logistic regression models.Results:A total of 125 taxa including 37 named species showed significantly different abundance between SDA cases and controls(all P<0.05&false discovery rate-adjusted Q<0.10).A multivariate logistic model including 11 SDA lesion-related species and family history of esophageal cancer provided an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)of 0.89(95%CI,0.84-0.93).Cross-validation and sensitivity analysis,excluding cases diagnosed within 1 year of collection of the baseline specimen and their matched controls,or restriction to screenendoscopic-detected or clinically diagnosed case-control triads,or using only bacterial data measured at the baseline,yielded AUCs>0.84.Conclusions:The oral microbiome may play an etiological and predictive role in esophageal cancer,and it holds promise as a non-invasive early warning biomarker for risk stratification for esophageal cancer screening programs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U2004121, 82070643, and U1904164)the Research Project of Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory (JNL-2022015B and JNL-2022001A)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFC2000500).
文摘Dear Editor,Alterations in the human microbiome are closely related to various hepatobiliary diseases.Gut microbial dysbiosis has been found in patients with cholangiocarcinoma(CCA)[1].However,the characteristics of oral microbiome in patients with CCA have not been studied.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82500432)the Heilongjiang Provincial Health Commission Scientific Research Project(Grant No.20240303010111).
文摘Background Recent studies have suggested a potential role of the oral microbiome in the development of cardiovascular diseases.This study aims to investigate the association between oral microbiota and cardiovascular disease risk,including atrial fibrillation,myocardial infarction,chronic heart failure,and hypertension.Methods We analyzed GWAS data from East Asian populations'oral microbiome,involving 2,017 tongue and 1,915 saliva samples from 2,984 individuals with whole-genome sequencing.Additionally,we sourced cardiovascular disease GWAS data from NBDC,including atrial fibrillation(8,180 cases,28,621 controls),myocardial infarction(14,992 cases,146,214 controls),chronic heart failure(10,540 cases,168,186 controls),and systolic blood pressure(145,505 individuals).Results Several oral microbiota taxa were found to be significantly associated with cardiovascular disease outcomes.Specific microbiota,such as Centipeda,Corynebacterium,and Pseudomonas E,were negatively correlated with heart failure.In contrast,taxa like Neisseria D and Actinomyces were associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation and myocardial infarction.Additionally,certain oral microbiota showed correlations with changes in blood pressure,highlighting their potential role in hypertension.Conclusion Our findings suggest that the oral microbiota may influence the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases,providing new insights into the potential impact of oral health on cardiovascular risk.
基金This work was financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 81771027）.
文摘Microbes appear in every corner of human life, and microbes affect every aspect of human life. The human oral cavity contains a number of different habitats. Synergy and interaction of variable oral microorganisms help human body against invasion of undesirable stim- ulation outside. However, imbalance of microbial flora contributes to oral diseases and systemic diseases. Oral microbiomes play an important role in the human microbial community and human health. The use of recently developed molecular methods has greatly expanded our knowledge of the composition and function of the oral microbiome in health and disease. Studies in oral microbiomes and their interactions with microbiomes in variable body sites and variable health condition are critical in our cognition of our body and how to make effect on human health improvement.
基金supported by the National Key Program for Infectious Diseases of China(Grant No.2018ZX10714-002).
文摘The oral cavity of each person is home to hundreds of bacterial species.While taxa for oral diseases have been studied using culture-based characterization as well as amplicon sequencing,metagenomic and genomic information remains scarce compared to the fecal microbiome.Here,using metagenomic shotgun data for 3346 oral metagenomic samples together with 808 published samples,we obtain 56,213 metagenome-assembled genomes(MAGs),and more than 64%of the 3589 species-level genome bins(SGBs)contain no publicly available genomes.The resulting genome collection is representative of samples around the world and contains many genomes from candidate phyla radiation(CPR)that lack monoculture.Also,it enables the discovery of new taxa such as a genus Candidatus Bgiplasma within the family Acholeplasmataceae.Large-scale metagenomic data from massive samples also allow the assembly of strains from important oral taxa such as Porphyromonas and Neisseria.The oral microbes encode genes that could potentially metabolize drugs.Apart from these findings,a strongly male-enriched Campylobacter species was identified.Oral samples would be more user-friendly collected than fecal samples and have the potential for disease diagnosis.Thus,these data lay down a genomic framework for future inquiries of the human oral microbiome.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82072271,81772165,and 81974303)the National 13th Five-Year Grand Program on Key Infectious Disease Control(Nos.2017ZX10202101-004-001,2017ZX10202102-005-003)+1 种基金the NSFC-NIH Biomedical collaborative research program(No.81761128001)the Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research(No.BZ0089)。
文摘A massive depletion of CD4+T lymphocytes has been described in early and acute human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infection,leading to an imbalance between the human microbiome and immune responses.In recent years,a growing interest in the alterations in gut microbiota in HIV infection has led to many studies;however,only few studies have been conducted to explore the importance of oral microbiome in HIV-infected individuals.Evidence has indicated the dysbiosis of oral microbiota in people living with HIV(PLWH).Potential mechanisms might be related to the immunodeficiency in the oral cavity of HIV-infected individuals,including changes in secretory components such as reduced levels of enzymes and proteins in saliva and altered cellular components involved in the reduction and dysfunction of innate and adaptive immune cells.As a result,disrupted oral immunity in HIV-infected individuals leads to an imbalance between the oral microbiome and local immune responses,which may contribute to the development of HIV-related diseases and HIV-associated non-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome comorbidities.Although the introduction of antiretroviral therapy(ART)has led to a significant decrease in occurrence of the opportunistic oral infections in HIV-infected individuals,the dysbiosis in oral microbiome persists.Furthermore,several studies with the aim to investigate the ability of probiotics to regulate the dysbiosis of oral microbiota in HIV-infected individuals are ongoing.However,the effects of ART and probiotics on oral microbiome in HIV-infected individuals remain unclear.In this article,we review the composition of the oral microbiome in healthy and HIV-infected individuals and the possible effect of oral microbiome on HIV-associated oral diseases.We also discuss how ART and probiotics influence the oral microbiome in HIV infection.We believe that a deeper understanding of composition and function of the oral microbiome is critical for the development of effective preventive and therapeutic strategies for HIV infection.
基金Research Grants Council of Hong Kong(PDFS 2022/23)Health and Medical Research Fund(08190776)and CityU Start-up Fund.
文摘Our oral cavity houses various types of microbesincluding bacteria, protozoa, fungi and viruses, harboringover 700 bacterial species. Oral dysbiosis refers to theimbalance between symbionts and pathobionts in the oralcavity, posing potential threats to host cardiovascularhealth. Importantly, oral dysbiosis promotes cardiovascular pathophysiology through different mechanisms.Although overgrowth of certain pathogenic bacteria havebeen indicated in some cardiometabolic diseases, it is stillpremature to consider oral microbiome as a suitable predictor for non-invasive diagnostic purpose. However, targeting oral microbiome might still provide preventive andtherapeutic insights on cardiovascular diseases. Furtherextensive efforts are needed to deepen our understandingon oral-cardiovascular connection in the context of diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives.
基金This work was supported financially by the National Key Research and Development Programe of China(grant No.2019YFA0906700 to T.D.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.32270071 to T.D.).
文摘The oral cavity contains the second-largest microbiota in the human body.The cavity's anatomically and physiologically diverse niches facilitate a wide range of symbiotic bacteria living at distinct oral sites.Consequently,the oral microbiota exhibits site specificity,with diverse species,compositions,and structures influenced by specific aspects of their placement.Variations in oral microbiota structure caused by changes in these influencing factors can impact overall health and lead to the development of diseases-not only in the oral cavity but also in organs distal to the mouth-such as cancer,cardiovascular disease,and respiratory disease.Conversely,diseases can exacerbate the imbalance of the oral microbiota,creating a vicious cycle.Understanding the heterogeneity of both the oral microbiome and individual humans is important for investigating the causal links between the oral microbiome and diseases.Additionally,understanding the intricacies of the oral microbiome's com-position and regulatory factors will help identify the potential causes of related diseases and develop interventions to prevent and treat llnesses in this domain.Therefore,turning to the extant research in this field,we systematically review the relationship between oral microbiome dynamics and human diseases.
基金sponsored by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC2000501)National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2004121,82070643,and U1904164)。
文摘Background:Due to the outbreak and rapid spread of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),more than 160 million patients have become convalescents worldwide to date.Significant alterations have occurred in the gut and oral microbiome and metabonomics of patients with COVID-19.However,it is unknown whether their characteristics return to normal after the 1-year recovery.Methods:We recruited 35 confirmed patients to provide specimens at discharge and 1 year later,as well as 160healthy controls.A total of 497 samples were prospectively collected,including 219 tongue-coating,129 stool and 149 plasma samples.Tongue-coating and stool samples were subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing,and plasma samples were subjected to untargeted metabolomics testing.Results:The oral and gut microbiome and metabolomics characteristics of the 1-year convalescents were restored to a large extent but did not completely return to normal.In the recovery process,the microbial diversity gradually increased.Butyric acid-producing microbes and Bifidobacterium gradually increased,whereas lipopolysaccharideproducing microbes gradually decreased.In addition,sphingosine-1-phosphate,which is closely related to the inflammatory factor storm of COVID-19,increased significantly during the recovery process.Moreover,the predictive models established based on the microbiome and metabolites of patients at the time of discharge reached high efficacy in predicting their neutralizing antibody levels one year later.Conclusions:This study is the first to characterize the oral and gut microbiome and metabonomics in 1-year convalescents of COVID-19.The key microbiome and metabolites in the process of recovery were identified,and provided new treatment ideas for accelerating recovery.And the predictive models based on the microbiome and metabolomics afford new insights for predicting the recovery situation which benefited affected individuals and healthcare.
基金in part made possible through Penn Global Education Fund
文摘The "Biofilms, Microbiomes and Oral Diseases: Challenges and Future Perspectives" symposium jointly organized by Penn Dental Medicine and West China School of Stomatology was held on 30 September 2017 at Penn Wharton China Center(PWCC) in Beijing,China. The topics included the pathogenicity of oral biofilms, novel strategies for the control of biofilm-related diseases, oral microbiome and single-cell approaches, and the link between oral diseases and overall health. Researchers from a number of disciplines, representing institutions from China and Penn Dental Medicine, gathered to discuss advances in our understanding of biofilms, as well as future directions for the control of biofilm-related oral and systemic diseases.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC8137117381571001)+2 种基金State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases(SKLOD201704)International Team for Implantology(Grant No.975_2014,Basel,Switzerland)to Quan Yuanthe National Key R&D Program of China during the 13th Five-Year Plan(2016YFC1102700)to Xue-Dong Zhou
文摘Marginal bone loss during bone healing exists around non-submerged dental implants. The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between different degrees of marginal bone loss during bone healing and the salivary microbiome. One hundred patients were recruited, and marginal bone loss around their implants was measured using cone beam computed tomography during a 3-month healing period. The patients were divided into three groups according to the severity of marginal bone loss.Saliva samples were collected from all subjected and were analysed using 16 SMiSeq sequencing. Although the overall structure of the microbial community was not dramatically altered, the relative abundance of several taxonomic groups noticeably changed. The abundance of species in the phyla Spirochaeta and Synergistetes increased significantly as the bone loss became more severe. Species within the genus Treponema also exhibited increased abundance, whereas Veillonella, Haemophilus and Leptotrichia exhibited reduced abundances, in groups with more bone loss. Porphyromonasgingivalis, Treponemadenticola and Streptococcus intermedius were significantly more abundant in the moderate group and/or severe group. The severity of marginal bone loss around the non-submerged implant was associated with dissimilar taxonomic compositions. An increased severity of marginal bone loss was related to increased proportions of periodontal pathogenic species. These data suggest a potential role of microbes in the progression of marginal bone loss during bone healing.
文摘Various studies have shown the interplay between the intestinal microbiome,environmental factors,and genetic changes in colorectal cancer(CRC)development.In this review,we highlight the various gut and oral microbiota associated with CRC and colorectal adenomas,and their proposed molecular mechanisms in relation to the processes of“the hallmarks of cancer”,and differences in microbial diversity and abundance between race/ethnicity.Patients with CRC showed increased levels of Bacteroides,Prevotella,Escherichia coli,enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis,Streptococcus gallolyticus,Enterococcus faecalis,Fusobacterium nucleatum(F.nucleatum)and Clostridium difficile.Higher levels of Bacteroides have been found in African American(AA)compared to Caucasian American(CA)patients.Pro-inflammatory bacteria such as F.nucleatum and Enterobacter species were significantly higher in AAs.Also,AA patients have been shown to have decreased microbial diversity compared to CA patients.Some studies have shown that using microbiome profiles in conjunction with certain risk factors such as age,race and body mass index may help predict healthy colon vs one with adenomas or carcinomas.Periodontitis is one of the most common bacterial infections in humans and is more prevalent in Non-Hispanic-Blacks as compared to Non-Hispanic Whites.This condition causes increased systemic inflammation,immune dysregulation,gut microbiota dysbiosis and thereby possibly influencing colorectal carcinogenesis.Periodontal-associated bacteria such as Fusobacterium,Prevotella,Bacteroides and Porphyromonas have been found in CRC tissues and in feces of CRC patients.Therefore,a deeper understanding of the association between oral and gastrointestinal bacterial profile,in addition to identifying prevalent bacteria in patients with CRC and the differences observed in ethnicity/race,may play a pivotal role in predicting incidence,prognosis,and lead to the development of new treatments.
文摘Orthodontic treatment offers great advantages in improving facial and smile aesthetics, self-confidence and the function of the stomatognathic apparatus. The pursuit of these advantages makes use of orthodontic appliances that could be fixed or removable. However, it’s worth stating that these appliances interfere with tooth brushing, making it more difficult to brush teeth effectively. Orthodontics appliances therefore promote the accumulation of dental plaque, which results in both quantitative and qualitative changes in the oral microbiota, hence, exposing patients to several adverse effects such as White spot lesions, dental caries, periodontal pathologies and halitosis. For this reason, oral assessment of patients before, during and after treatment is necessary as well as oral hygiene instructions and motivation. Orthodontists therefore, should educate patients on oral and periodontal hygiene in order to control dental and periodontal complications. Prescriptions of plaque control materials adapted to each patient are done in order to optimize the final result and minimize unwanted complications.
基金supported by grants from the Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Tianjin(Grant No.20JCJQJC00100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.81572969,81730086 and 81872555)+1 种基金the Drug Innovation Major Project of China(Grant No.2018ZX09711001-007-008)the PUMC Graduate Innovation Fund(Grant No.2018-1001-04 and 2019-1001-06)。
文摘The human microflora is a complex ecosystem composed of diverse microorganisms mainly distributed in the epidermal and mucosal habitats of the entire body,including the mouth,lung,intestines,skin,and vagina.These microbial communities are involved in many essential functions,such as metabolism,immunity,host nutrition,and diseases.Recent studies have focused on the microbiota associated with cancers,particularly the oral and intestinal microbiota.Radiotherapy,the most effective cytotoxic modality available for solid tumors,contributes to the treatment of cancer patients.Mounting evidence supports that the microbiota plays pivotal roles in the efficacy and prognosis of tumor radiotherapy.Here,we review current research on the microbiota and cancer development,and describe knowledge gaps in the study of radiotherapy and the microbiota.Better understanding of the effects of the microbiome in tumorigenesis and radiotherapy will shed light on future novel prevention and treatment strategies based on modulating the microbiome in cancer patients.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFA1301000)the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2023SHZDZX02)the Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(GWVI-11.1-27).
文摘Suboptimal dietary habits,such as excessive consumption of sugary foods and beverages,have been associated with a higher risk of dental caries.While known cariogenic species enrichment in the oral microbiome correlating with dental caries,the complex interactions between dietary habits,the oral microbiota,and dental caries among adolescents remain underexplored.Here,we examined the comprehensive associations between dietary habits,oral microbiota,and dental caries among 421 adolescents(mean age:12.9 years,28%having dental caries).The dietary data were collected via a food frequency questionnaire,dental health was examined by a skilled dentist,and the saliva microbiota was profiled by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing.Significant difference in the oral microbial composition was observed between participants with and without dental caries(p-value<0.05),which was replicated in an external adult population(n=580).The relative abundances of 19 genera were associated with dental caries in adolescents independent of gender(all FDR-adjusted p-values<0.20).For example,dental caries was linked with a higher abundance of Prevotella and Veillonella,both of which were also enriched in higher consumer of sugary food and beverage.In mediation analysis,certain caries-related genera,including Staphylococcus and Paludibacteraceae F0058,might partially mediate the associations between dietary habits and dental caries(p-mediation<0.05).This research highlighted the role of oral microbiota in the association between dietary intakes and dental caries and may explain the potential mechanisms by which diet affects dental caries.
基金from Zhejiang Plan for the Special Support for Top-notch Talents in China(2022R52029)Shandong Provincial Laboratory Project(SYS202202)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2022ZFJH003)。
文摘Both HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy(ART)affect the oral microbiome.Whether successful treatment with ART in people living with HIV(PLWH),which leads to a significant decline in viral loads and immune reconstitution,is associated with changes in or recovery of the oral microbiome remains unknown.Therefore,we performed a cross-sectional study of 118 PLWH receiving regular ART and 40 healthy controls(HCs).Among the 118 PLWH,18 immunological nonresponders(INRs;<200 CD4^(+)T cells/μL)and 30 immunological responders(IRs;≥500 CD4^(+)T cells/μL)were identified.The oral microbiota composition of all participants was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing of throat swab samples.Relative abundance of bacterial genera was compared between IRs and INRs,and Pearson correlations between bacterial abundance and peripheral blood immune cell counts were evaluated.The INR group showed lower alpha diversity than the IR and HC groups,which displayed similar alpha diversity.The genera Alloprevotella,Prevotella and Neisseria were more abundant in PLWH than in HCs,whereas the genera Rothia,Streptococcus and Fusobacterium were more abundant in HCs than in PLWH.The genus Rothia was more abundant in the INR group,whereas Prevotella,Alloprevotella,Porphyromonas and Haemophilus were more abundant in the IR group.The genera Rothia and Alloprevotella were negatively and positively associated with CD4^(+)T cell counts,respectively.Thus,an increased abundance of Rothia in the oral microbiome is associated with unfavorable outcomes regarding immune reconstitution in PLWH receiving regular ART,whereas Prevotella,Alloprevotella,Porphyromonas and Haemophilus are associated with favorable outcomes.
基金funded by the Siksha‘O’Anusandhan(Deemed to be University).
文摘Background:In the dynamic progression of root canal infections,the resultant change in environmental conditions directs the adaptation of the microbiome in terms of richness,evenness,and diversity.Objective:The goal of this study is to contrast the interradicular bacterial community structures of teeth in acute and chronic stages and investigate potential microorganisms associated with persistent apical periapical infections.Methods:Interradicular samples were collected from 10 teeth in the apical periodontitis group and 10 teeth in the chronic apical periodontitis group.High-throughput next-generation sequencing(NGS)–based microbial identification through the Illumina platform was used to characterize the complex intraradicular microbial communities in acute and chronic root canal infections.Results:Bacteria were the major domain,with a prevalence of>97%(acute cases:98.11%and chronic cases:97.6%)compared to eukaryotes and archaea.Bacterial diversity was relatively higher in acute compared to chronic conditions under 10 and 9 phyla,79 and 64 genera,and 172 and 135 species,respectively.These endodontically infecting bacteria belonged to Firmicutes(47.21%),Bacteroidetes(20.07%),and Proteobacteria(10.72%)in acute conditions,while in the chronic stage,Firmicutes(40.85%),Proteobacteria(27.80%),and Actinobacteria(14.79%)were abundant.The phylum Candidatus Saccharibacteria was exclusively found in acute samples.Spirochaetes and Synergistetes were found predominantly in acute infections compared to chronic infections.Bacillus and Lactobacillus were found in equal and highest abundance under the phylum Firmicutes in both conditions.Conclusion:This study provides information on the differential microbial community present in the apical root canal system of teeth with acute and chronic apical periodontitis and contributes to new approaches or channels for future research on preventive measures and therapeutic protocols during disease progression and treatment.However,functional characterization and detection of antimicrobial resistance in these two clinical conditions can supplement these findings for deciding routine drug treatment for periodontal infections.
