Firstly, in view of the respective defects of existing self-centering devices for vehicle suspension height, the design scheme of the proposed mechanical self-centering device for suspension height is described. Takin...Firstly, in view of the respective defects of existing self-centering devices for vehicle suspension height, the design scheme of the proposed mechanical self-centering device for suspension height is described. Taking the rear suspension of a certain light bus as a research example, the structures and parameters of the novel device are designed and ascertained. Then, the road excitation models, the performance evaluation indexes and the half-vehicle model are built, the simulation outputs of time and frequency domain are obtained with the road excitations of random and pulse by using MATLAB/Simulink software. So the main characteristics of the self-centering suspension are presented preliminarily. Finally, a multi-objective parameter design optimization model for the self-centering device is built by weighted sum approach, and optimal solution is obtained by adopting complex approach. The relevant choosing-type parameters for self-centering device components are deduced by using discrete variable optimal method, and the optimal results are verified and analyzed. So the performance potentials of the self-centering device are exerted fully in condition of ensuring overall suspension performances.展开更多
The umbilical,a key component in offshore energy extraction,plays a vital role in ensuring the stable operation of the entire production system.The extensive variety of cross-sectional components creates highly comple...The umbilical,a key component in offshore energy extraction,plays a vital role in ensuring the stable operation of the entire production system.The extensive variety of cross-sectional components creates highly complex layout combinations.Furthermore,due to constraints in component quantity and geometry within the cross-sectional layout,filler bodies must be incorporated to maintain cross-section performance.Conventional design approaches based on manual experience suffer from inefficiency,high variability,and difficulties in quantification.This paper presents a multi-level automatic filling optimization design method for umbilical cross-sectional layouts to address these limitations.Initially,the research establishes a multi-objective optimization model that considers compactness,balance,and wear resistance of the cross-section,employing an enhanced genetic algorithm to achieve a near-optimal layout.Subsequently,the study implements an image processing-based vacancy detection technique to accurately identify cross-sectional gaps.To manage the variability and diversity of these vacant regions,the research introduces a multi-level filling method that strategically selects and places filler bodies of varying dimensions,overcoming the constraints of uniform-size fillers.Additionally,the method incorporates a hierarchical strategy that subdivides the complex cross-section into multiple layers,enabling layer-by-layer optimization and filling.This approach reduces manufac-turing equipment requirements while ensuring practical production process feasibility.The methodology is validated through a specific umbilical case study.The results demonstrate improvements in compactness,balance,and wear resistance compared with the initial cross-section,offering novel insights and valuable references for filler design in umbilical cross-sections.展开更多
The work takes a new liquid-cooling plate in a power battery with pin fins inside the channel as the object.A mathematical model is established via the central composite design of the response surface to study the rel...The work takes a new liquid-cooling plate in a power battery with pin fins inside the channel as the object.A mathematical model is established via the central composite design of the response surface to study the relationships among the length,width,height,and spacing of pin fins;the maximum temperature and temperature difference of the battery module;and the pressure drop of the liquid-cooling plate.Model accuracy is verified via variance analysis.The new liquid-cooling plate enables the power battery to work within an optimal temperature range.Appropriately increasing the length,width,and height and reducing the spacing of pin fins could reduce the temperature of the power battery module and improve the temperature uniformity.However,the pressure drop of the liquid-cooling plate increases.The structural parameters of the pin fins are optimized to minimize the maximum temperature and the temperature difference of the battery module as well as the pressure drop of the liquid-cooling plate.The errors between the values predicted and actual by the simulation test are 0.58%,4%,and 0.48%,respectively,which further verifies the model accuracy.The results reveal the influence of the structural parameters of the pin fins inside the liquid-cooling plate on its heat dissipation performance and pressure drop characteristics.A theoretical basis is provided for the design of liquid-cooling plates in power batteries and the optimization of structural parameters.展开更多
In order to accurately forecast the main engine fuel consumption and reduce the Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator(EEOI)of merchant ships in polar ice areas,the energy transfer relationship between ship-machine-p...In order to accurately forecast the main engine fuel consumption and reduce the Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator(EEOI)of merchant ships in polar ice areas,the energy transfer relationship between ship-machine-propeller is studied by analyzing the complex force situation during ship navigation and building a MATLAB/Simulink simulation platform based on multi-environmental resistance,propeller efficiency,main engine power,fuel consumption,fuel consumption rate and EEOI calculation module.Considering the environmental factors of wind,wave and ice,the route is divided into sections,the calculation of main engine power,main engine fuel consumption and EEOI for each section is completed,and the speed design is optimized based on the simulation model for each section.Under the requirements of the voyage plan,the optimization results show that the energy efficiency operation index of the whole route is reduced by 3.114%and the fuel consumption is reduced by 9.17 t.展开更多
G protein coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is a kinase that regulates cardiac signaling activity. Inhibiting GRK2 is a promising mechanism for the treatment of heart failure (HF). Further development and optimization ...G protein coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is a kinase that regulates cardiac signaling activity. Inhibiting GRK2 is a promising mechanism for the treatment of heart failure (HF). Further development and optimization of inhibitors targeting GRK2 are highly meaningful. Therefore, in order to design GRK2 inhibitors with better performance, the most active molecule was selected as a reference compound from a data set containing 4-pyridylhydrazone derivatives and triazole derivatives, and its scaffold was extracted as the initial scaffold. Then, a powerful optimization-based framework for de novo drug design, guided by binding affinity, was used to generate a virtual molecular library targeting GRK2. The binding affinity of each virtual compound in this dataset was predicted by our developed deep learning model, and the designed potential compound with high binding affinity was selected for molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. It was found that the designed potential molecule binds to the ATP site of GRK2, which consists of key amino acids including Arg199, Gly200, Phe202, Val205, Lys220, Met274 and Asp335. The scaffold of the molecule is stabilized mainly by H-bonding and hydrophobic contacts. Concurrently, the reference compound in the dataset was also simulated by docking. It was found that this molecule also binds to the ATP site of GRK2. In addition, its scaffold is stabilized mainly by H-bonding and π-cation stacking interactions with Lys220, as well as hydrophobic contacts. The above results show that the designed potential molecule has similar binding modes to the reference compound, supporting the effectiveness of our framework for activity-focused molecular design. Finally, we summarized the interaction characteristics of general GRK2 inhibitors and gained insight into their molecule-target binding mechanisms, thereby facilitating the expansion of lead to hit compound.展开更多
Inflatable deployable structures inspired by origami have significant applications in space missions such as solar arrays and antennas.In this paper,a generalized Miura-ori tubular cell(GMTC)is presented as the basic ...Inflatable deployable structures inspired by origami have significant applications in space missions such as solar arrays and antennas.In this paper,a generalized Miura-ori tubular cell(GMTC)is presented as the basic cell to design a family of inflatable origami tubular structures with the targeted configuration.First,the classification of rigid foldable degree-4 vertices is studied thoroughly.Since the proposed GMTC is comprised of forming units(FU)and linking units(LU),types of FUs and LUs are investigated based on the classification of degree-4 vertices,respectively.The rigid foldability of the GMTC is presented by studying the kinematics of the FUs and LUs.Volume of the GMTC is analyzed to investigate multistable configurations of the basic cell.The variations in volume of the GMTC offer great potential for developing the inflatable tubular structure.Design method and parametric optimization of the tubular structure with targeted configuration are proposed.The feasibility of the approach is validated by the approximation of four different cases,namely parabolic,semicircular,trapezoidal,and straight-arc hybrid tubular structures.展开更多
The press-fit connector is a typical plug-and-play solderless connection,and it is widely used in signal transmission in fields such as communication and automotive devices.This paper focuses on inverse designing and ...The press-fit connector is a typical plug-and-play solderless connection,and it is widely used in signal transmission in fields such as communication and automotive devices.This paper focuses on inverse designing and optimization of geometric structure,as well as insertion-withdrawal forces of press-fit connector using artificial neural network(ANN)-assisted optimization method.The ANN model is established to approximate the relationship between geometric parameters and insertion-withdrawal forces,of which hyper-parameters of neural network are optimized to improve model performance.Two numerical methods are proposed for inverse designing structural parameters(Model-I)and multi-objective optimization of insertion-withdrawal forces(Model-II)of press-fit connector.In Model-I,a method for inverse designing structure parameters is established,of which an ANN model is coupled with single-objective optimization algorithm.The objective function is established,the inverse problem is solved,and effectiveness is verified.In Model-II,a multi-objective optimization method is proposed,of which an ANN model is coupled with genetic algorithm.The Pareto solution sets of insertion-withdrawal forces are obtained,and results are analyzed.The established ANN-coupled numerical optimization methods are beneficial for improving the design efficiency,and enhancing the connection reliability of the press-fit connector.展开更多
Finding an optimal isolator arrangement for asymmetric structures using traditional conceptual design methods that can significantly minimize torsional response while ensuring efficient horizontal seismic isolation is...Finding an optimal isolator arrangement for asymmetric structures using traditional conceptual design methods that can significantly minimize torsional response while ensuring efficient horizontal seismic isolation is cumbersome and inefficient.Thus,this work develops a multi-objective optimization method to enhance the torsional resistance of asymmetric base-isolated structures.The primary objective is to simultaneously minimize the interstory rotation of the superstructure,the rotation of the isolation layer,and the interstory displacement of the superstructure without exceeding the isolator displacement limits.A fast non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm(NSGA-Ⅱ)is employed to satisfy this optimization objective.Subsequently,the isolator arrangement,encompassing both positions and categories,is optimized according to this multi-objective optimization method.Additionally,an optimization design platform is developed to streamline the design operation.This platform integrates the input of optimization parameters,the output of optimization results,the finite element analysis,and the multi-objective optimization method proposed herein.Finally,the application of this multi-objective optimization method and its associated platform are demonstrated on two asymmetric base-isolated structures of varying heights and plan configurations.The results indicate that the optimal isolator arrangement derived from the optimization method can further improve the control over the lateral and torsional responses of asymmetric base-isolated structures compared to conventional conceptual design methods.Notably,the interstory rotation of the optimal base-isolated structure is significantly reduced,constituting only approximately 33.7%of that observed in the original base-isolated structure.The proposed platform facilitates the automatic generation of the optimal design scheme for the isolators of asymmetric base-isolated structures,offering valuable insights and guidance for the burgeoning field of intelligent civil engineering design.展开更多
The reverse operation of existing centrifugal pumps,commonly referred to as“Pump as Turbine”(PAT),is a key approach for recovering liquid pressure energy.As a type of hydraulic machinery characterized by a simple st...The reverse operation of existing centrifugal pumps,commonly referred to as“Pump as Turbine”(PAT),is a key approach for recovering liquid pressure energy.As a type of hydraulic machinery characterized by a simple structure and user-friendly operation,PAT holds significant promise for application in industrial waste energy recovery systems.This paper reviews recent advancements in this field,with a focus on pump type selection,performance prediction,and optimization design.First,the advantages of various prototype pumps,including centrifugal,axial-flow,mixed-flow,screw,and plunger pumps,are examined in specific application scenarios while analyzing their suitability for turbine operation.Next,performance prediction techniques for PATs are discussed,encompassing theoretical calculations,numerical simulations,and experimental testing.Special emphasis is placed on the crucial role of Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)and internal flow field testing technologies in analyzing PAT internal flow characteristics.Additionally,the impact of multi-objective optimization methods and the application of advanced materials on PAT performance enhancement is addressed.Finally,based on current research findings and existing technical challenges,this review also indicates future development directions;in particular,four key breakthrough areas are identified:advanced materials,innovative design methodologies,internal flow diagnostics,and in-depth analysis of critical components.展开更多
The Distributed Propulsion Wing(DPW)presents prominent advantages in terms of energy conservation during flight,but the intense integration of propulsive internal flow with aerodynamic external flow brings significant...The Distributed Propulsion Wing(DPW)presents prominent advantages in terms of energy conservation during flight,but the intense integration of propulsive internal flow with aerodynamic external flow brings significant design challenges.To tackle this issue,this paper undertakes a comprehensive investigation of the aero-propulsive coupling performance of the DPW under both hovering and cruising conditions,and subsequently proposes a multi-level collaboration optimization design method based on the decomposition principle.Specifically,the complex 3D surfaces of DPW are systematically dissociated into simple 2D curves with inherent relationships for design.The decomposition is achieved based on the analysis results of the aero-propulsive coupling characteristics.And a DPW design case is conducted and subsequently analyzed in order to further validate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed design method.It is shown that a 115.75%drag reduction of DPW can be achieved at cruise under a specified thrust level.Furthermore,the DPW exhibits inherent characteristics of consistent lift-to-drag ratio with the thrust-drag balance constraint,regardless of variations in incoming flow velocity or total thrust.展开更多
Underwater jet propulsion bio-inspired robots have typically been designed based on soft-bodied organisms, exhibiting relatively limited forms of locomotion. Scallop, a bivalve organism capable of jet propulsion, hold...Underwater jet propulsion bio-inspired robots have typically been designed based on soft-bodied organisms, exhibiting relatively limited forms of locomotion. Scallop, a bivalve organism capable of jet propulsion, holds significant importance in the study of underwater motion mechanisms. In this study, we present theoretical fluid mechanics analysis and modeling of the three distinct motion stages of scallops, providing parameterized descriptions of scallop locomotion mechanisms. Accordingly, three-stage adaptive motion control for the scallop robot and model-based robot configuration optimization design were achieved. An experimental platform and a robot prototype were built to validate the accuracy of the motion model and the effectiveness of the control strategy. Additionally, based on the models, future optimization directions for the robot are proposed.展开更多
The recent development in Lucknow shows that the amount of built mass may increase significantly soon,which may affect outdoor thermal comfort.This study aims to achieve a better alternative to the geometrical configu...The recent development in Lucknow shows that the amount of built mass may increase significantly soon,which may affect outdoor thermal comfort.This study aims to achieve a better alternative to the geometrical configuration of vertical surfaces that helps improve the outdoor thermal comfort level.The study primarily deals with the exploration of built forms by altering the planar forms,heights,and orientations to arrive at a better composition of vertical surfaces.144 typologies were finally generated,which were then simulated in ENVI-met.The results show that,with the I-shaped typology it is difficult to reduce solar access,whereas in terms of ventilation,the typology performed better than L-shaped and C-shaped typologies.For this reason,the hours of solar access,as well as wind speed,should be seen together while developing the built-form typology.Urban neighborhoods can be designed with streets and open spaces oriented primarily to northeast-southwest and northwest-southeast directions which allow the open spaces to be thermally more comfortable than the rest of the orientation.This research highlights the importance of varying building heights to enhance thermal comfort.The findings provide valuable insights for composite climate cities like lucknow and can serve as a framework for future design strategies aimed at mitigating outdoor thermal discomfort.It is therefore important for planners,urban designers,and architects to design considering the minimal impact of the upcoming development on the thermal comfort level.展开更多
This study investigates the accuracy and efficiency of a convolutional autoencoder in predicting flow solutions of diverse characteristics,including strong local nonlinea rity and unsteady wake vortices.Modifications ...This study investigates the accuracy and efficiency of a convolutional autoencoder in predicting flow solutions of diverse characteristics,including strong local nonlinea rity and unsteady wake vortices.Modifications to the standard U-net method were made suitable for non-Cartesian CFD mesh topology,enhancing solution accuracy.Additionally,conditions for predicting flows in unseen environments are integrated into a bottleneck layer between the encoder and decoder structures,guiding flow interpolation or extrapolation and parameter types.For direct comparison,this study uses a proper orthogonal decomposition(POD)-based ROM with linear reconstruction using dominant basis vectors from the flow solution space.Interpolation and extrapolation of generalized coordinates are performed using Gaussian process regression(GPR)and Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)networks,respectively.The Conditional Unet(CUnet)'s accuracy is demonstrated through inviscid transonic airfoil flows,capturing shock waves effectively.Additionally,it can also be used for predicting the flow field of the three-dimensional shape of the Onera M6 wing.Vortex shedding flows around an Eppler airfoil at a 16-degree angle of attack in turbulent conditions were well-resolved,with root mean squared errors under 1%compared to full-order CFD results.Remarkably,the CUnet's computational efficiency is highlighted as the wall clock CPU time for these 2D flows was less than one second.Finally,the ROM's effectiveness is further validated through successful multi-point shape optimization,minimizing wave drag of RAE 2822 airfoils across subsonic to transonic conditions.This resulted in a maximum drag reduction of 37.38%at Mach 0.74 without performance degradation at off-design conditions.展开更多
Additive Manufacturing(AM)has significantly impacted the development of high-performance materials and structures,offering new possibilities for industries ranging from aerospace to biomedicine.This special issue feat...Additive Manufacturing(AM)has significantly impacted the development of high-performance materials and structures,offering new possibilities for industries ranging from aerospace to biomedicine.This special issue features pioneering research that integrates AI-driven methods with AM,enabling the design and fabrication of complex,optimized structures with enhanced properties.展开更多
The rapid advancement of three-dimensional printed concrete(3DPC)requires intelligent and interpretable frameworks to optimize mixture design for strength,printability,and sustainability.While machine learning(ML)mode...The rapid advancement of three-dimensional printed concrete(3DPC)requires intelligent and interpretable frameworks to optimize mixture design for strength,printability,and sustainability.While machine learning(ML)models have improved predictive accuracy,their limited transparency has hindered their widespread adoption in materials engineering.To overcome this barrier,this study introduces a Random Forests ensemble learning model integrated with SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP)and Partial Dependence Plots(PDPs)to model and explain the compressive strength behavior of 3DPC mixtures.Unlike conventional“black-box”models,SHAP quantifies each variable’s contribution to predictions based on cooperative game theory,which enables causal interpretability,whereas PDP visualizes nonlinear and interactive effects between features that offer practical mix design insights.A systematically optimized random forest model achieved strong generalization(R2=0.978 for training,0.834 for validation,and 0.868 for testing).The analysis identified curing age,Portland cement,silica fume,and the water-tobinder ratio as dominant predictors,with curing age exerting the highest positive influence on strength development.The integrated SHAP-PDP framework revealed synergistic interactions among binder constituents and curing parameters,which established transparent,data-driven guidelines for performance optimization.Theoretically,the study advances explainable artificial intelligence in cementitious material science by linking microstructural mechanisms to model-based reasoning,thereby enhancing both the interpretability and applicability of ML-driven mix design for next-generation 3DPC systems.展开更多
Unlike traditional propeller-driven underwater vehicles,blended-wing-body underwater gliders(BWBUGs)achieve zigzag gliding through periodic adjustments of their net buoyancy,enhancing their cruising capabilities while...Unlike traditional propeller-driven underwater vehicles,blended-wing-body underwater gliders(BWBUGs)achieve zigzag gliding through periodic adjustments of their net buoyancy,enhancing their cruising capabilities while mini-mizing energy consumption.However,enhancing gliding performance is challenging due to the complex system design and limited design experience.To address this challenge,this paper introduces a model-based,multidisciplinary system design optimization method for BWBUGs at the conceptual design stage.First,a model-based,multidisciplinary co-simulation design framework is established to evaluate both system-level and disciplinary indices of BWBUG performance.A data-driven,many-objective multidisciplinary optimization is subsequently employed to explore the design space,yielding 32 Pareto optimal solutions.Finally,a model-based physical system simulation,which represents the design with the largest hyper-volume contribution among the 32 final designs,is established.Its gliding perfor-mance,validated by component behavior,lays the groundwork for constructing the entire system’s digital prototype.In conclusion,this model-based,multidisciplinary design optimization method effectively generates design schemes for innovative underwater vehicles,facilitating the development of digital prototypes.展开更多
In an aging society,the interface design of smart home products is crucial to the quality of life of the elderly.This paper combines Quality Function Deployment(QFD)and Human-Computer Interaction(HCI)theories,taking s...In an aging society,the interface design of smart home products is crucial to the quality of life of the elderly.This paper combines Quality Function Deployment(QFD)and Human-Computer Interaction(HCI)theories,taking smart washing machines as an example,to explore new paths for the interface design of smart home products for the elderly.An interdisciplinary approach is adopted to construct a design process centered on elderly users,introduce the Kano model to classify requirements,realize the mapping and sorting of requirements to design parameters,and adopt the PUGH model for comprehensive evaluation.This study provides practical and theoretical support for the interface design of smart home products for the elderly.展开更多
Multiple tuned mass dampers(MTMDs)reduce dynamic response with multiple specified frequencies of building structures.Many optimization algorithms for placement design exist,though they rarely conform to code-based ver...Multiple tuned mass dampers(MTMDs)reduce dynamic response with multiple specified frequencies of building structures.Many optimization algorithms for placement design exist,though they rarely conform to code-based verification nor produce high quality solutions without high computational effort and high complexity.This study proposes an inverse element exchange method(IEEM)with multi-level programming and compares it to a single tuned mass damper(STMD)and uniform distribution of multiple tuned mass dampers in the frequency and time domains.A ten-story shear building is used for the numerical case study.The results show that the proposed method can offer improvement over the STMD,uniform distribution of multiple tuned mass dampers,and distribution optimized by genetic algorithms(GA)with regard to minimizing the interstory drift ratio(IDR)in both the frequency and time domains and the time consumption for optimization.展开更多
It is a major challenge for the airframe-inlet design of modern combat aircrafts,as the flow and electromagnetic wave propagation in the inlet of stealth aircraft are very complex.In this study,an aerodynamic/stealth ...It is a major challenge for the airframe-inlet design of modern combat aircrafts,as the flow and electromagnetic wave propagation in the inlet of stealth aircraft are very complex.In this study,an aerodynamic/stealth optimization design method for an S-duct inlet is proposed.The upwind scheme is introduced to the aerodynamic adjoint equation to resolve the shock wave and flow separation.The multilevel fast multipole algorithm(MLFMA)is utilized for the stealth adjoint equation.A dorsal S-duct inlet of flying wing layout is optimized to improve the aerodynamic and stealth characteristics.Both the aerodynamic and stealth characteristics of the inlet are effectively improved.Finally,the optimization results are analyzed,and it shows that the main contradiction between aerodynamic characteristics and stealth characteristics is the centerline and crosssectional area.The S-duct is smoothed,and the cross-sectional area is increased to improve the aerodynamic characteristics,while it is completely opposite for the stealth design.The radar cross section(RCS)is reduced by phase cancelation for low frequency conditions.The method is suitable for the aerodynamic/stealth design of the aircraft airframe-inlet system.展开更多
Electrochemical water splitting has long been considered an effective energy conversion technology for trans-ferring intermittent renewable electricity into hydrogen fuel,and the exploration of cost-effective and high...Electrochemical water splitting has long been considered an effective energy conversion technology for trans-ferring intermittent renewable electricity into hydrogen fuel,and the exploration of cost-effective and high-performance electrocatalysts is crucial in making electrolyzed water technology commercially viable.Cobalt phosphide(Co-P)has emerged as a catalyst of high potential owing to its high catalytic activity and durability in water splitting.This paper systematically reviews the latest advances in the development of Co-P-based materials for use in water splitting.The essential effects of P in enhancing the catalytic performance of the hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction are first outlined.Then,versatile synthesis techniques for Co-P electrocatalysts are summarized,followed by advanced strategies to enhance the electrocatalytic performance of Co-P materials,including heteroatom doping,composite construction,integration with well-conductive sub-strates,and structure control from the viewpoint of experiment.Along with these optimization strategies,the understanding of the inherent mechanism of enhanced catalytic performance is also discussed.Finally,some existing challenges in the development of highly active and stable Co-P-based materials are clarified,and pro-spective directions for prompting the wide commercialization of water electrolysis technology are proposed.展开更多
基金supported by Youth Technological Phosphor Project of Shanghai City (No.04QMX1474).
文摘Firstly, in view of the respective defects of existing self-centering devices for vehicle suspension height, the design scheme of the proposed mechanical self-centering device for suspension height is described. Taking the rear suspension of a certain light bus as a research example, the structures and parameters of the novel device are designed and ascertained. Then, the road excitation models, the performance evaluation indexes and the half-vehicle model are built, the simulation outputs of time and frequency domain are obtained with the road excitations of random and pulse by using MATLAB/Simulink software. So the main characteristics of the self-centering suspension are presented preliminarily. Finally, a multi-objective parameter design optimization model for the self-centering device is built by weighted sum approach, and optimal solution is obtained by adopting complex approach. The relevant choosing-type parameters for self-centering device components are deduced by using discrete variable optimal method, and the optimal results are verified and analyzed. So the performance potentials of the self-centering device are exerted fully in condition of ensuring overall suspension performances.
基金financially supported by Guangdong Province Basic and Applied Basic Research Fund Project(Grant No.2022B1515250009)Liaoning Provincial Natural Science Foundation-Doctoral Research Start-up Fund Project(Grant No.2024-BSBA-05)+1 种基金Major Science and Technology Innovation Project in Shandong Province(Grant No.2024CXGC010803)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52271269 and 12302147).
文摘The umbilical,a key component in offshore energy extraction,plays a vital role in ensuring the stable operation of the entire production system.The extensive variety of cross-sectional components creates highly complex layout combinations.Furthermore,due to constraints in component quantity and geometry within the cross-sectional layout,filler bodies must be incorporated to maintain cross-section performance.Conventional design approaches based on manual experience suffer from inefficiency,high variability,and difficulties in quantification.This paper presents a multi-level automatic filling optimization design method for umbilical cross-sectional layouts to address these limitations.Initially,the research establishes a multi-objective optimization model that considers compactness,balance,and wear resistance of the cross-section,employing an enhanced genetic algorithm to achieve a near-optimal layout.Subsequently,the study implements an image processing-based vacancy detection technique to accurately identify cross-sectional gaps.To manage the variability and diversity of these vacant regions,the research introduces a multi-level filling method that strategically selects and places filler bodies of varying dimensions,overcoming the constraints of uniform-size fillers.Additionally,the method incorporates a hierarchical strategy that subdivides the complex cross-section into multiple layers,enabling layer-by-layer optimization and filling.This approach reduces manufac-turing equipment requirements while ensuring practical production process feasibility.The methodology is validated through a specific umbilical case study.The results demonstrate improvements in compactness,balance,and wear resistance compared with the initial cross-section,offering novel insights and valuable references for filler design in umbilical cross-sections.
基金supported by the Education and Teaching Research Project of Universities in Fujian Province(FBJY20230167).
文摘The work takes a new liquid-cooling plate in a power battery with pin fins inside the channel as the object.A mathematical model is established via the central composite design of the response surface to study the relationships among the length,width,height,and spacing of pin fins;the maximum temperature and temperature difference of the battery module;and the pressure drop of the liquid-cooling plate.Model accuracy is verified via variance analysis.The new liquid-cooling plate enables the power battery to work within an optimal temperature range.Appropriately increasing the length,width,and height and reducing the spacing of pin fins could reduce the temperature of the power battery module and improve the temperature uniformity.However,the pressure drop of the liquid-cooling plate increases.The structural parameters of the pin fins are optimized to minimize the maximum temperature and the temperature difference of the battery module as well as the pressure drop of the liquid-cooling plate.The errors between the values predicted and actual by the simulation test are 0.58%,4%,and 0.48%,respectively,which further verifies the model accuracy.The results reveal the influence of the structural parameters of the pin fins inside the liquid-cooling plate on its heat dissipation performance and pressure drop characteristics.A theoretical basis is provided for the design of liquid-cooling plates in power batteries and the optimization of structural parameters.
文摘In order to accurately forecast the main engine fuel consumption and reduce the Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator(EEOI)of merchant ships in polar ice areas,the energy transfer relationship between ship-machine-propeller is studied by analyzing the complex force situation during ship navigation and building a MATLAB/Simulink simulation platform based on multi-environmental resistance,propeller efficiency,main engine power,fuel consumption,fuel consumption rate and EEOI calculation module.Considering the environmental factors of wind,wave and ice,the route is divided into sections,the calculation of main engine power,main engine fuel consumption and EEOI for each section is completed,and the speed design is optimized based on the simulation model for each section.Under the requirements of the voyage plan,the optimization results show that the energy efficiency operation index of the whole route is reduced by 3.114%and the fuel consumption is reduced by 9.17 t.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Excellent Young Scientist Fund(22422801)the National Natural Science Foundation of China General Project(22278053)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China General Project(22078041)Dalian High-level Talents Innovation Support Program(2023RQ059).
文摘G protein coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is a kinase that regulates cardiac signaling activity. Inhibiting GRK2 is a promising mechanism for the treatment of heart failure (HF). Further development and optimization of inhibitors targeting GRK2 are highly meaningful. Therefore, in order to design GRK2 inhibitors with better performance, the most active molecule was selected as a reference compound from a data set containing 4-pyridylhydrazone derivatives and triazole derivatives, and its scaffold was extracted as the initial scaffold. Then, a powerful optimization-based framework for de novo drug design, guided by binding affinity, was used to generate a virtual molecular library targeting GRK2. The binding affinity of each virtual compound in this dataset was predicted by our developed deep learning model, and the designed potential compound with high binding affinity was selected for molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. It was found that the designed potential molecule binds to the ATP site of GRK2, which consists of key amino acids including Arg199, Gly200, Phe202, Val205, Lys220, Met274 and Asp335. The scaffold of the molecule is stabilized mainly by H-bonding and hydrophobic contacts. Concurrently, the reference compound in the dataset was also simulated by docking. It was found that this molecule also binds to the ATP site of GRK2. In addition, its scaffold is stabilized mainly by H-bonding and π-cation stacking interactions with Lys220, as well as hydrophobic contacts. The above results show that the designed potential molecule has similar binding modes to the reference compound, supporting the effectiveness of our framework for activity-focused molecular design. Finally, we summarized the interaction characteristics of general GRK2 inhibitors and gained insight into their molecule-target binding mechanisms, thereby facilitating the expansion of lead to hit compound.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52222501,52075016,52192632)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.YWF-23-L-904).
文摘Inflatable deployable structures inspired by origami have significant applications in space missions such as solar arrays and antennas.In this paper,a generalized Miura-ori tubular cell(GMTC)is presented as the basic cell to design a family of inflatable origami tubular structures with the targeted configuration.First,the classification of rigid foldable degree-4 vertices is studied thoroughly.Since the proposed GMTC is comprised of forming units(FU)and linking units(LU),types of FUs and LUs are investigated based on the classification of degree-4 vertices,respectively.The rigid foldability of the GMTC is presented by studying the kinematics of the FUs and LUs.Volume of the GMTC is analyzed to investigate multistable configurations of the basic cell.The variations in volume of the GMTC offer great potential for developing the inflatable tubular structure.Design method and parametric optimization of the tubular structure with targeted configuration are proposed.The feasibility of the approach is validated by the approximation of four different cases,namely parabolic,semicircular,trapezoidal,and straight-arc hybrid tubular structures.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52005378)the opening project fund of Materials Service Safety Assessment Facilities(No.MSAF-2021-107).
文摘The press-fit connector is a typical plug-and-play solderless connection,and it is widely used in signal transmission in fields such as communication and automotive devices.This paper focuses on inverse designing and optimization of geometric structure,as well as insertion-withdrawal forces of press-fit connector using artificial neural network(ANN)-assisted optimization method.The ANN model is established to approximate the relationship between geometric parameters and insertion-withdrawal forces,of which hyper-parameters of neural network are optimized to improve model performance.Two numerical methods are proposed for inverse designing structural parameters(Model-I)and multi-objective optimization of insertion-withdrawal forces(Model-II)of press-fit connector.In Model-I,a method for inverse designing structure parameters is established,of which an ANN model is coupled with single-objective optimization algorithm.The objective function is established,the inverse problem is solved,and effectiveness is verified.In Model-II,a multi-objective optimization method is proposed,of which an ANN model is coupled with genetic algorithm.The Pareto solution sets of insertion-withdrawal forces are obtained,and results are analyzed.The established ANN-coupled numerical optimization methods are beneficial for improving the design efficiency,and enhancing the connection reliability of the press-fit connector.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.52278490。
文摘Finding an optimal isolator arrangement for asymmetric structures using traditional conceptual design methods that can significantly minimize torsional response while ensuring efficient horizontal seismic isolation is cumbersome and inefficient.Thus,this work develops a multi-objective optimization method to enhance the torsional resistance of asymmetric base-isolated structures.The primary objective is to simultaneously minimize the interstory rotation of the superstructure,the rotation of the isolation layer,and the interstory displacement of the superstructure without exceeding the isolator displacement limits.A fast non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm(NSGA-Ⅱ)is employed to satisfy this optimization objective.Subsequently,the isolator arrangement,encompassing both positions and categories,is optimized according to this multi-objective optimization method.Additionally,an optimization design platform is developed to streamline the design operation.This platform integrates the input of optimization parameters,the output of optimization results,the finite element analysis,and the multi-objective optimization method proposed herein.Finally,the application of this multi-objective optimization method and its associated platform are demonstrated on two asymmetric base-isolated structures of varying heights and plan configurations.The results indicate that the optimal isolator arrangement derived from the optimization method can further improve the control over the lateral and torsional responses of asymmetric base-isolated structures compared to conventional conceptual design methods.Notably,the interstory rotation of the optimal base-isolated structure is significantly reduced,constituting only approximately 33.7%of that observed in the original base-isolated structure.The proposed platform facilitates the automatic generation of the optimal design scheme for the isolators of asymmetric base-isolated structures,offering valuable insights and guidance for the burgeoning field of intelligent civil engineering design.
基金supported by Science and Technology Project of Quzhou(Nos.2023K256,2023NC08,2022K41)Research Grants Program of Department of Education of Zhejiang Province(Nos.Y202455709,Y202456243)Hunan Province Key Field R&D Plan Project(No.2022GK2068).
文摘The reverse operation of existing centrifugal pumps,commonly referred to as“Pump as Turbine”(PAT),is a key approach for recovering liquid pressure energy.As a type of hydraulic machinery characterized by a simple structure and user-friendly operation,PAT holds significant promise for application in industrial waste energy recovery systems.This paper reviews recent advancements in this field,with a focus on pump type selection,performance prediction,and optimization design.First,the advantages of various prototype pumps,including centrifugal,axial-flow,mixed-flow,screw,and plunger pumps,are examined in specific application scenarios while analyzing their suitability for turbine operation.Next,performance prediction techniques for PATs are discussed,encompassing theoretical calculations,numerical simulations,and experimental testing.Special emphasis is placed on the crucial role of Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)and internal flow field testing technologies in analyzing PAT internal flow characteristics.Additionally,the impact of multi-objective optimization methods and the application of advanced materials on PAT performance enhancement is addressed.Finally,based on current research findings and existing technical challenges,this review also indicates future development directions;in particular,four key breakthrough areas are identified:advanced materials,innovative design methodologies,internal flow diagnostics,and in-depth analysis of critical components.
基金co-supported by the Equipment Advance Research Project of China(No.50911040803)the National Defense Pre-research Foundation of China(No.2021-JCJQJJ-0805)the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(No.2024Z006053001)。
文摘The Distributed Propulsion Wing(DPW)presents prominent advantages in terms of energy conservation during flight,but the intense integration of propulsive internal flow with aerodynamic external flow brings significant design challenges.To tackle this issue,this paper undertakes a comprehensive investigation of the aero-propulsive coupling performance of the DPW under both hovering and cruising conditions,and subsequently proposes a multi-level collaboration optimization design method based on the decomposition principle.Specifically,the complex 3D surfaces of DPW are systematically dissociated into simple 2D curves with inherent relationships for design.The decomposition is achieved based on the analysis results of the aero-propulsive coupling characteristics.And a DPW design case is conducted and subsequently analyzed in order to further validate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed design method.It is shown that a 115.75%drag reduction of DPW can be achieved at cruise under a specified thrust level.Furthermore,the DPW exhibits inherent characteristics of consistent lift-to-drag ratio with the thrust-drag balance constraint,regardless of variations in incoming flow velocity or total thrust.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.30922010719).
文摘Underwater jet propulsion bio-inspired robots have typically been designed based on soft-bodied organisms, exhibiting relatively limited forms of locomotion. Scallop, a bivalve organism capable of jet propulsion, holds significant importance in the study of underwater motion mechanisms. In this study, we present theoretical fluid mechanics analysis and modeling of the three distinct motion stages of scallops, providing parameterized descriptions of scallop locomotion mechanisms. Accordingly, three-stage adaptive motion control for the scallop robot and model-based robot configuration optimization design were achieved. An experimental platform and a robot prototype were built to validate the accuracy of the motion model and the effectiveness of the control strategy. Additionally, based on the models, future optimization directions for the robot are proposed.
文摘The recent development in Lucknow shows that the amount of built mass may increase significantly soon,which may affect outdoor thermal comfort.This study aims to achieve a better alternative to the geometrical configuration of vertical surfaces that helps improve the outdoor thermal comfort level.The study primarily deals with the exploration of built forms by altering the planar forms,heights,and orientations to arrive at a better composition of vertical surfaces.144 typologies were finally generated,which were then simulated in ENVI-met.The results show that,with the I-shaped typology it is difficult to reduce solar access,whereas in terms of ventilation,the typology performed better than L-shaped and C-shaped typologies.For this reason,the hours of solar access,as well as wind speed,should be seen together while developing the built-form typology.Urban neighborhoods can be designed with streets and open spaces oriented primarily to northeast-southwest and northwest-southeast directions which allow the open spaces to be thermally more comfortable than the rest of the orientation.This research highlights the importance of varying building heights to enhance thermal comfort.The findings provide valuable insights for composite climate cities like lucknow and can serve as a framework for future design strategies aimed at mitigating outdoor thermal discomfort.It is therefore important for planners,urban designers,and architects to design considering the minimal impact of the upcoming development on the thermal comfort level.
基金supported by the National Research Council of Science&Technology(NST)grant by the Korea government(MSIT)(No.CRC21013)。
文摘This study investigates the accuracy and efficiency of a convolutional autoencoder in predicting flow solutions of diverse characteristics,including strong local nonlinea rity and unsteady wake vortices.Modifications to the standard U-net method were made suitable for non-Cartesian CFD mesh topology,enhancing solution accuracy.Additionally,conditions for predicting flows in unseen environments are integrated into a bottleneck layer between the encoder and decoder structures,guiding flow interpolation or extrapolation and parameter types.For direct comparison,this study uses a proper orthogonal decomposition(POD)-based ROM with linear reconstruction using dominant basis vectors from the flow solution space.Interpolation and extrapolation of generalized coordinates are performed using Gaussian process regression(GPR)and Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)networks,respectively.The Conditional Unet(CUnet)'s accuracy is demonstrated through inviscid transonic airfoil flows,capturing shock waves effectively.Additionally,it can also be used for predicting the flow field of the three-dimensional shape of the Onera M6 wing.Vortex shedding flows around an Eppler airfoil at a 16-degree angle of attack in turbulent conditions were well-resolved,with root mean squared errors under 1%compared to full-order CFD results.Remarkably,the CUnet's computational efficiency is highlighted as the wall clock CPU time for these 2D flows was less than one second.Finally,the ROM's effectiveness is further validated through successful multi-point shape optimization,minimizing wave drag of RAE 2822 airfoils across subsonic to transonic conditions.This resulted in a maximum drag reduction of 37.38%at Mach 0.74 without performance degradation at off-design conditions.
文摘Additive Manufacturing(AM)has significantly impacted the development of high-performance materials and structures,offering new possibilities for industries ranging from aerospace to biomedicine.This special issue features pioneering research that integrates AI-driven methods with AM,enabling the design and fabrication of complex,optimized structures with enhanced properties.
基金supported by the Ongoing Research Funding Program(Grant No.ORFFT-2025-025-4)at King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.The grant was awarded to Yassir M.Abbas。
文摘The rapid advancement of three-dimensional printed concrete(3DPC)requires intelligent and interpretable frameworks to optimize mixture design for strength,printability,and sustainability.While machine learning(ML)models have improved predictive accuracy,their limited transparency has hindered their widespread adoption in materials engineering.To overcome this barrier,this study introduces a Random Forests ensemble learning model integrated with SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP)and Partial Dependence Plots(PDPs)to model and explain the compressive strength behavior of 3DPC mixtures.Unlike conventional“black-box”models,SHAP quantifies each variable’s contribution to predictions based on cooperative game theory,which enables causal interpretability,whereas PDP visualizes nonlinear and interactive effects between features that offer practical mix design insights.A systematically optimized random forest model achieved strong generalization(R2=0.978 for training,0.834 for validation,and 0.868 for testing).The analysis identified curing age,Portland cement,silica fume,and the water-tobinder ratio as dominant predictors,with curing age exerting the highest positive influence on strength development.The integrated SHAP-PDP framework revealed synergistic interactions among binder constituents and curing parameters,which established transparent,data-driven guidelines for performance optimization.Theoretically,the study advances explainable artificial intelligence in cementitious material science by linking microstructural mechanisms to model-based reasoning,thereby enhancing both the interpretability and applicability of ML-driven mix design for next-generation 3DPC systems.
基金supported by the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(Grant No.GZC20242194)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52175251 and 52205268)+1 种基金the Industry Key Technology Research Fund Project of Northwestern Polytechnical University(Grant No.HYGJXM202318)the National Basic Scientific Research Program(Grant No.JCKY2021206B005).
文摘Unlike traditional propeller-driven underwater vehicles,blended-wing-body underwater gliders(BWBUGs)achieve zigzag gliding through periodic adjustments of their net buoyancy,enhancing their cruising capabilities while mini-mizing energy consumption.However,enhancing gliding performance is challenging due to the complex system design and limited design experience.To address this challenge,this paper introduces a model-based,multidisciplinary system design optimization method for BWBUGs at the conceptual design stage.First,a model-based,multidisciplinary co-simulation design framework is established to evaluate both system-level and disciplinary indices of BWBUG performance.A data-driven,many-objective multidisciplinary optimization is subsequently employed to explore the design space,yielding 32 Pareto optimal solutions.Finally,a model-based physical system simulation,which represents the design with the largest hyper-volume contribution among the 32 final designs,is established.Its gliding perfor-mance,validated by component behavior,lays the groundwork for constructing the entire system’s digital prototype.In conclusion,this model-based,multidisciplinary design optimization method effectively generates design schemes for innovative underwater vehicles,facilitating the development of digital prototypes.
文摘In an aging society,the interface design of smart home products is crucial to the quality of life of the elderly.This paper combines Quality Function Deployment(QFD)and Human-Computer Interaction(HCI)theories,taking smart washing machines as an example,to explore new paths for the interface design of smart home products for the elderly.An interdisciplinary approach is adopted to construct a design process centered on elderly users,introduce the Kano model to classify requirements,realize the mapping and sorting of requirements to design parameters,and adopt the PUGH model for comprehensive evaluation.This study provides practical and theoretical support for the interface design of smart home products for the elderly.
文摘Multiple tuned mass dampers(MTMDs)reduce dynamic response with multiple specified frequencies of building structures.Many optimization algorithms for placement design exist,though they rarely conform to code-based verification nor produce high quality solutions without high computational effort and high complexity.This study proposes an inverse element exchange method(IEEM)with multi-level programming and compares it to a single tuned mass damper(STMD)and uniform distribution of multiple tuned mass dampers in the frequency and time domains.A ten-story shear building is used for the numerical case study.The results show that the proposed method can offer improvement over the STMD,uniform distribution of multiple tuned mass dampers,and distribution optimized by genetic algorithms(GA)with regard to minimizing the interstory drift ratio(IDR)in both the frequency and time domains and the time consumption for optimization.
文摘It is a major challenge for the airframe-inlet design of modern combat aircrafts,as the flow and electromagnetic wave propagation in the inlet of stealth aircraft are very complex.In this study,an aerodynamic/stealth optimization design method for an S-duct inlet is proposed.The upwind scheme is introduced to the aerodynamic adjoint equation to resolve the shock wave and flow separation.The multilevel fast multipole algorithm(MLFMA)is utilized for the stealth adjoint equation.A dorsal S-duct inlet of flying wing layout is optimized to improve the aerodynamic and stealth characteristics.Both the aerodynamic and stealth characteristics of the inlet are effectively improved.Finally,the optimization results are analyzed,and it shows that the main contradiction between aerodynamic characteristics and stealth characteristics is the centerline and crosssectional area.The S-duct is smoothed,and the cross-sectional area is increased to improve the aerodynamic characteristics,while it is completely opposite for the stealth design.The radar cross section(RCS)is reduced by phase cancelation for low frequency conditions.The method is suitable for the aerodynamic/stealth design of the aircraft airframe-inlet system.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21962008)Yunnan Province Excellent Youth Fund Project(202001AW070005)+1 种基金Candidate Talents Training Fund of Yunnan Province(2017PY269SQ,2018HB007)Yunnan Ten Thousand Talents Plan Young&Elite Talents Project(YNWR-QNBJ-2018-346).
文摘Electrochemical water splitting has long been considered an effective energy conversion technology for trans-ferring intermittent renewable electricity into hydrogen fuel,and the exploration of cost-effective and high-performance electrocatalysts is crucial in making electrolyzed water technology commercially viable.Cobalt phosphide(Co-P)has emerged as a catalyst of high potential owing to its high catalytic activity and durability in water splitting.This paper systematically reviews the latest advances in the development of Co-P-based materials for use in water splitting.The essential effects of P in enhancing the catalytic performance of the hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction are first outlined.Then,versatile synthesis techniques for Co-P electrocatalysts are summarized,followed by advanced strategies to enhance the electrocatalytic performance of Co-P materials,including heteroatom doping,composite construction,integration with well-conductive sub-strates,and structure control from the viewpoint of experiment.Along with these optimization strategies,the understanding of the inherent mechanism of enhanced catalytic performance is also discussed.Finally,some existing challenges in the development of highly active and stable Co-P-based materials are clarified,and pro-spective directions for prompting the wide commercialization of water electrolysis technology are proposed.
