Scalability remains a major challenge in building practical fault-tolerant quantum computers.Currently,the largest number of qubits achieved across leading quantum platforms ranges from hundreds to thousands.In atom a...Scalability remains a major challenge in building practical fault-tolerant quantum computers.Currently,the largest number of qubits achieved across leading quantum platforms ranges from hundreds to thousands.In atom arrays,scalability is primarily constrained by the capacity to generate large numbers of optical tweezers,and conventional techniques using acousto-optic deflectors or spatial light modulators struggle to produce arrays much beyond∼10,000 tweezers.Moreover,these methods require additional microscope objectives to focus the light into micrometer-sized spots,which further complicates system integration and scalability.Here,we demonstrate the experimental generation of an optical tweezer array containing 280×280 spots using a metasurface,nearly an order of magnitude more than most existing systems.The metasurface leverages a large number of subwavelength phase-control pixels to engineer the wavefront of the incident light,enabling both large-scale tweezer generation and direct focusing into micron-scale spots without the need for a microscope.This result shifts the scalability bottleneck for atom arrays from the tweezer generation hardware to the available laser power.Furthermore,the array shows excellent intensity uniformity exceeding 90%,making it suitable for homogeneous single-atom loading and paving the way for trapping arrays of more than 10,000 atoms in the near future.展开更多
We discuss recent progress in using machine-learning(ML)-enabled inverse design techniques applied to photonic devices and components.Specifically,we highlight the design of optical sources,including fiber and semicon...We discuss recent progress in using machine-learning(ML)-enabled inverse design techniques applied to photonic devices and components.Specifically,we highlight the design of optical sources,including fiber and semiconductor lasers,as well as Raman and semiconductor optical amplifiers.Although inverse design approaches for optical detectors remain relatively underexplored,we examine optical layers,particularly metamaterial absorbers,as promising candidates for high-performance optical detection.In addition,we underscore advancements in inverse designing passive optical components,including beam splitters,gratings,and optical fibers.These optical blocks are fundamental in developing next-generation standalone optical communication systems and optical sensing networks,including integrated sensing and communication technologies.While categorizing various reported deep learning architectures across five paradigms,we offer a paradigm-based perspective that reveals how different ML techniques function within modern inverse design methods and enable fast,data-driven solutions that significantly reduce design time and computational demands compared with traditional optimization methods.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the agreement of axial length(AL),anterior chamber parameters,and total cornea power obtained by swept-source optical coherence tomography(SS-OCT)-based and Scheimpflug-based optical biometers in myopi...AIM:To evaluate the agreement of axial length(AL),anterior chamber parameters,and total cornea power obtained by swept-source optical coherence tomography(SS-OCT)-based and Scheimpflug-based optical biometers in myopic children.METHODS:AL,steep keratometry(K),flat K,posterior corneal keratometry(PK),total keratometry(TK),anterior chamber depth(ACD),horizontal corneal diameter(CD),and central corneal thickness(CCT)were obtained using IOL Master 700 and Pentacam AXL.The agreement between the devices was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients(ICC),Bland-Altman plots,and astigmatism vector analysis.RESULTS:Totally 175 myopic children(48.5%male)with a mean age of 10.29±2.14y were enrolled.The ICC and Bland-Altman plots indicated a satisfactory agreement for AL,ACD,and CCT.The mean difference in CD of-0.31±0.30 mm was considered clinically significant(>0.2 mm).Additionally,measurements of K and TK obtained from the IOL Master 700 showed good agreement.Nevertheless,there were clinically significant differences observed in PK,simulated keratometry(simK),total cornea power,and astigmatism(at least 10%of the cases with a difference of>10 degrees in meridian)between the two devices.CONCLUSION:The study findings demonstrate a significant difference in K,PK,astigmatism,and CD,indicating that the two optical biometers cannot be considered interchangeable.Therefore,it is recommended to utilize one kind device for follow-up examinations in myopic children.展开更多
Detecting biomarkers in body fluids by optical lateral flow immune assay(LFIA) technology provides rapid access to disease information for early diagnosis.LFIA is based on an antigen-antibody reaction and is rapidly b...Detecting biomarkers in body fluids by optical lateral flow immune assay(LFIA) technology provides rapid access to disease information for early diagnosis.LFIA is based on an antigen-antibody reaction and is rapidly becoming the preferred choice of physicians and patients for point-of-care testing due to its simplicity,cost-effectiveness,and rapid detection.Observing the optical signal change from the colloidal gold of the traditional LFIA strip has been widely applied for various biomarkers detection in body fluids.Despite the significant progress,rapid real-time detection of color changes in the colloidal gold by the naked eye still faces many limitations,such as large errors and the inability to quantify and accurately detect.New optical LFIA strip technology has emerged in recent years to extend its application scenarios for achieving quantitative detection such as fluorescence,afterglow,and chemiluminescence.Herein,we summarized the development of optical LFIA technology from single to hyphenated optical signals for biomarkers detection in body fluids from invasive and non-invasive sources.Moreover,the challenge and outlook of optical LFIA strip technology are highlighted to inspire the designing of next-generation diagnostic platforms.展开更多
Improving the optoelectronic behavior and stress-deformation stability of conjugated materials is crucial for the realization of their potential applications in flexible optoelectronics.To tune the emission behavior a...Improving the optoelectronic behavior and stress-deformation stability of conjugated materials is crucial for the realization of their potential applications in flexible optoelectronics.To tune the emission behavior and mechanical property of molecular crystals simultaneously via supramolecular salt strategy is rarely reported,which is very important to improve their photophysical behavior and softness for the fabrication of flexible light-emitting device.Herein,supramolecular salt approach has been successfully applied to synthesize two elastic organic fluorescent crystals(CMOH-Py-Cl and CMOH-Py-Br)derived from non-emissive and brittle pyridine-substituted coumarin derivative(CMOH-Py).Their elastic properties can be attributed to the prevalent presence of numerous weak interactions introduced by halogen atoms,which are beneficial to the absorption and release of mechanical energy.Furthermore,density functional theory(DFT)calculations demonstrated a narrowing of the HOMO-LUMO energy gaps from CMOH-Py to CMOH-Py-Cl/CMOH-Py-Br via supramolecular salt approach.Finally,the application of flexible crystal materials in the field of optical waveguides has been investigated.The transformation of crystals in terms of photophysical and mechanical properties,achieved by the supramolecular salt approach,offers novel insights into the design and construction of flexible crystalline materials,providing a new path for the development of next-generation smart materials.展开更多
Gastric cancer,including stomach tumors,poses significant health challenges due to late-stage diagnosis and limited early detection methods.Accurate imaging and precise tumor margin demarcation are critical for effect...Gastric cancer,including stomach tumors,poses significant health challenges due to late-stage diagnosis and limited early detection methods.Accurate imaging and precise tumor margin demarcation are critical for effective treatment planning and improved patient outcomes.Conventional imaging techniques,such as endoscopy and histopathology,provide valuable diagnostic information but cannot offer real-time assessment.We aim to explore the application of optical coherence tomography(OCT),combined with statistical and machine learning methods,for rapid tumor margin demarcation in gastrointestinal(GI)cancer tissues in exvivo.GI tumor specimens from 17 patients were imaged intraoperatively with OCT.Quantitative features were extracted from the images,and statistical and machine learning analyses were applied to distinguish tissue types.Subsequent histopathological evaluation was used as the reference standard for validation.The combination of OCT imaging and data-driven analysis enables clear differentiation between healthy,marginal and tumor tissues in near real-time.The KNN model achieved the highest classification accuracy(0.921±0.040),with SVM(0.906±0.038)and Extra Trees(0.901±0.034)also demonstrating robust performance in discriminating tissue margins.OCT findings demonstrate strong agreement with histopathology.Integrated with statistical and machine learning techniques,OCT enables rapid assessment of GI tumor margins.This approach provides quantitative objectivity and real-time feedback,closely approximating histopathological analysis and supporting improved surgical decision-making.展开更多
Understanding the complex interplay between structured light and particles is crucial for unlocking advanced optical manipulation techniques.However,existing theories for optical force/torque are often limited to smal...Understanding the complex interplay between structured light and particles is crucial for unlocking advanced optical manipulation techniques.However,existing theories for optical force/torque are often limited to small particles within the dipole regime or specific light fields,thereby lacking universality and sometimes leading to ambiguity.To overcome these limitations,we establish a fully analytical and comprehensive framework for optical force/torque based on the Cartesian multipole expansion theory,which is applicable to arbitrary-sized bi-isotropic(chiral)spherical particles immersed in arbitrary monochromatic optical fields.Rigorous expressions are thus derived,which explicitly bridge the optical force/torque with particle-propertydependent coefficients and“force/torque source”quantities characterizing the incident light structures.Such quantities identify the ultimate physical origins of optical force/torque and are systematically classified into four categories based on their parity(P)and duality(D)symmetries.Each category interacts selectively with particles exhibiting specific P and D(a)symmetries,thus inducing distinct optical forces or torques with characteristic physical behaviors.This classification establishes the mutual symmetry-breaking criteria necessary for both particles and light beams to generate optical force/torque,offering a physics-based roadmap for engineering optical manipulations such as chirality sorting,light-driven micromotors,and beyond.展开更多
Overt and harmful diabetes mellitus(DM)has detrimental effects on individuals and,by extension,the community.Among the microvascular DM complications is diabetic retinopathy(DR).DR may cause irreversible vision deteri...Overt and harmful diabetes mellitus(DM)has detrimental effects on individuals and,by extension,the community.Among the microvascular DM complications is diabetic retinopathy(DR).DR may cause irreversible vision deterioration in cases of poor blood glucose regulation.Changes in vascular permeability are key trigger points for diabetic macular edema(DME),a condition characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the macula.The development of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)pathway inhibitors has provided a pathogenesis-based treatment approach for DME.Optical coherence tomography(OCT)provides highresolution imaging of the anatomy,including the aging of DME and its structural damage,in distinct morphologic subtypes of macular edema,thereby supporting the assessment of macular edema treatment.The availability of repeated OCT monitoring provides clinical reassurance through the treatment.OCT angiography(OCTA)provides retinal blood flow maps with high spatial resolution.The ability promotes an understanding of disease pathogenesis and facilitates the implementation of new therapeutic methods.This review compares the potential of OCT and OCTA in the diagnosis and treatment of DME,as well as their respective therapeutic applications.展开更多
We report the SrII optical lattice clock at the National Time Service Center(NTSC).In this system,a blackbody radiation shield with movable lattice mitigates blackbody radiation shifts through active temperature contr...We report the SrII optical lattice clock at the National Time Service Center(NTSC).In this system,a blackbody radiation shield with movable lattice mitigates blackbody radiation shifts through active temperature control.A shallow optical lattice with minimal tunneling minimizes AC Stark shifts.Phase-locked counter-propagating lattice beams and conductive vacuum viewports further reduce systematic uncertainties and a novel initial-state preparation method simplifies the system.Clock transition spectra achieve a linewidth of 2.5 Hz with a 400 ms clock pulse,and self-comparison stability reaches 5.1×10^(-16)at 1 s.These advancements give this clock the potential to be a critical platform for realizing outstanding systematic uncertainties in the future.展开更多
Distributed optical fiber sensing(DOFS)technology has been widely applied in pipeline monitoring,seismic detection,and security protection due to its broad coverage,high sensitivity,and strong anti-interference capabi...Distributed optical fiber sensing(DOFS)technology has been widely applied in pipeline monitoring,seismic detection,and security protection due to its broad coverage,high sensitivity,and strong anti-interference capability.However,the acquired signals are typically noisy,exhibit complex temporal-spatial patterns,and contain high-dimensional categorical features,posing significant challenges for robust classification.To address these issues,this paper introduces an Inception-ResNet-based model for intrusion event recognition in DOFS systems.The Inception architecture extracts multi-scale features from complex vibration patterns,while the residual optimization of ResNet enables efficient deep feature propagation and stable training.Furthermore,to enhance model interpretability,a Grad-CAM-based mechanism is integrated to visualize class-discriminative regions in the vibration signals,revealing the patterns that most strongly influence the network's decisions.Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach,achieving an average classification accuracy of 92.6%,outperforming traditional deep learning networks even with significantly reduced training data.These results indicate that the interpretable Inception-ResNet framework not only accurately classifies complex one-dimensional sensing signals but also provides transparent and reliable support for practical DOFS applications.展开更多
The ability to noninvasively manipulate and isolate specific cell populations in vivo is critical for advancing real-time diagnostics,precision medicine,and immunological research.Here,we present a novel and broadly a...The ability to noninvasively manipulate and isolate specific cell populations in vivo is critical for advancing real-time diagnostics,precision medicine,and immunological research.Here,we present a novel and broadly applicable optical trapping system based on a custom-designed 2×3 optical tweezer array,which enables the real-time interception and manipulation of circulating leukocytes in live animals.By utilizing intrinsic velocity differences between leukocytes and red blood cells,the system achieves stable trapping of individual leukocytes in vessels 15-20μm in diameter and decelerates multiple cells in vessels greater than 20μm.Notably,it also enables the optical blockage of lymphatic vessels exceeding 50μm,a previously unreported capability.This label-free,noninvasive approach operates without repeated blood draws and is compatible with diverse vessel geometries and flow dynamics.The system offers a generalizable solution for in vivo cell extraction and analysis,paving the way for high-precision single-cell technologies in biomedical research and clinical translation.展开更多
Laser wakefield accelerators(LWFAs)offer acceleration gradients up to 1000 times higher than those of conventional radio-frequency accelerators,offering a pathway to significantly more compact and cost-effective accel...Laser wakefield accelerators(LWFAs)offer acceleration gradients up to 1000 times higher than those of conventional radio-frequency accelerators,offering a pathway to significantly more compact and cost-effective accelerator systems.This breakthrough opens up new possibilities for laboratory-scale light sources.All-optical inverse Compton scattering(AOCS)sources driven by LWFAs produce high-brightness,quasimonochromatic X rays with micrometer-scale source sizes,delivering the spatial coherence and resolution required for X-ray phase-contrast imaging(XPCI).These features position AOCS X-ray sources as promising tools for applications in biology,medicine,physics,and materials science.However,previous AOCS-based imaging studies have primarily focused on X-ray absorption imaging.In this work,we report successful experimental demonstrations of edge-enhanced in-line XPCI using energy-tunable,quasi-monochromatic AOCS X rays.With a spatial resolution of~20μm,our results clearly show the potential of high-resolution,AOCS-based XPCI applications.展开更多
In this paper,we present a broadband,high-extinction-ratio,nonvolatile 2×2 Mach-Zehnder interfer⁃ometer(MZI)optical switch based on the phase change material Sb_(2)Se_(3).The insertion loss(IL)is 0.84 dB and the ...In this paper,we present a broadband,high-extinction-ratio,nonvolatile 2×2 Mach-Zehnder interfer⁃ometer(MZI)optical switch based on the phase change material Sb_(2)Se_(3).The insertion loss(IL)is 0.84 dB and the extinction ratio(ER)reaches 28.8 dB at the wavelength of 1550 nm.The 3 dB bandwidth is greater than 150 nm.Within the 3 dB bandwidth,the ER is greater than 20.3 dB and 16.3 dB at bar and cross states,respectively.The power consumption for crystallization and amorphization of Sb_(2)Se_(3) is 105.86 nJ and 49 nJ,respectively.The switch holds significant promise for optical interconnects and optical computing applications.展开更多
Construction of electron donor-acceptor(D-A)conjugated system is an established strategy for achieving reverse saturable absorption(RSA)and broadband optical limiting(OL).Nevertheless,organic materials exhibit OL abil...Construction of electron donor-acceptor(D-A)conjugated system is an established strategy for achieving reverse saturable absorption(RSA)and broadband optical limiting(OL).Nevertheless,organic materials exhibit OL ability across the visible to near-infrared-II spectra range remain scarce.Herein,a series of D-A typeπ-conjugated copolymers with ultra-narrow bandgaps(0.62-0.76 e V)and strong ICT absorption were synthesized by coupling electron-withdrawing block[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-g]quinoxaline(TQ)with various electron-donating groups(thiophene,selenophene,bithiophene,di(thiophen-2-yl)ethene,and thienothiophene for P1-P5,respectively).Z-scan experiments reveal that all copolymers exhibit RSA behaviours at both 532 and 1064 nm,while P1,P3 and P4 maintain RSA performance extending to 1600 nm.Among all copolymers,P5 exhibits the strongest RSA performance upon both 532 and 1064 nm laser pulses,with the highest nonlinear absorption coefficient(β_(eff))of 51.5 and 49.4 cm·GW^(-1),respectively,and the lowest OL onset fluence(Fon)of 0.31 and 0.38 J·cm^(-2),respectively.In contrast,P4 shows optimal RSA property at 1600 nm laser pulse,withβeff of 13.1 cm·GW^(-1)and Fon of 1.43 J·cm^(-2),respectively.Combining the results of Z-scan and UV-Vis-NIR experiments,it can be speculated that moderate ground-state absorption,rather than excessively strong absorption,favors superior RSA properties.This work offers valuable insights for designing copolymers with excellent RSA behavior,as well as presents a class of candidate material systems for ultrabroadband optical limiting.展开更多
Optical tweezers technology has the characteristics of noncontact manipulation in three dimensions and steerable separation in solutions,and could be applied to obtain a separated sperm with high quality for intracyto...Optical tweezers technology has the characteristics of noncontact manipulation in three dimensions and steerable separation in solutions,and could be applied to obtain a separated sperm with high quality for intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI).However,the effects of optical tweezers on sperm motility are still unclear.To elucidate the effects on sperm motility for optical tweezers,we systematically investigated the correlation between motility parameters and the parameters of optical tweezers(wavelength,power,trapping duration,and trapping orientation).Under three systems of optical tweezers with different laser wavelengths(1064,850,and 785 nm),the nine motility parameters of free swimming were mainly affected by trapping orientation(vertical/horizontal)and trapping duration.When 850 nm laser and 1064 nm laser are used,vertical trapping significantly reduces sperm free-swimming capability with prolonged exposure time,whereas horizontal trapping exhibits relatively minor interference on sperm motility.Notably,the 785 nm laser does not induce statistically significant changes in key parameters of sperm motility under any experimental conditions(trapping orientation and duration).For the rolling frequency of trapped sperm,horizontal trapping for three wavelengths has a negligible effect compared with vertical trapping,especially for the 785 nm laser.In conclusion,horizontal trapping can preserve sperm motility under low power(below 140mW at 1064 nm,below 100mW at 850nm,below 60mW at 785 nm)and short duration(below 4 min).This trapping duration is suffcient for the separation procedure of single live sperm in ICSI.This study provides critical parameter optimization guidelines for the safe application of optical tweezers technology in reproductive medicine.展开更多
The development of high-performance transparent substrates is critical for next-generation flexible electronic devices.Herein,we designed two novel meta-substituted diamines incorporating trifluoromethyl(―CF_(3))and ...The development of high-performance transparent substrates is critical for next-generation flexible electronic devices.Herein,we designed two novel meta-substituted diamines incorporating trifluoromethyl(―CF_(3))and methyl(―CH_(3))groups to synthesize colorless copolyimide(CPI)films via copolymerization with 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride(6FDA)/3,3′,4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride(BPDA).The combination of meta-substituted architecture and substituents enables the simultaneous attainment of an ultralow dielectric constant(D_k)and high transparency.The meta-substitution geometry and electronic effects of―CF_(3)/―CH_(3) effectively suppressed charge-transfer complex(CTC)formation,expanded fractional free volume(FFV),and restricted π-electron conjugation,as validated by DFT calculations and wide-angle X-ray diffraction(WAXD)analysis.The optimized CPI film(PIA_(1)-6FDA/BPDA(10/0))achieved outstanding transmittance(T_(450)=88.15%),ultralow dielectric constant(D_(k)=2.08 at 1 k Hz),and minimal dielectric loss(D_(f)=0.0012),while maintaining robust thermal stability(T_(d5%)>523℃)and mechanical strength(σ=87.5 MPa).This work establishes a molecular engineering strategy to concurrently enhance the optical and dielectric properties,positioning meta-substituted CPIs as promising candidates for transparent flexible devices.展开更多
Ln@MOFs by anchoring rare metal ions(Ln) into metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) are proved to have great potential in the field of luminescent molecular thermometer.Nevertheless,the current research indicated that the po...Ln@MOFs by anchoring rare metal ions(Ln) into metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) are proved to have great potential in the field of luminescent molecular thermometer.Nevertheless,the current research indicated that the poor structural stability and low sensitivity hindered their application scope.In this work,a new MOF Zn-450 luminescent thermometer with multiple emission fluorescence characteristics was synthesized by the combination of 3,3,5,5-biphenyl tetracarboxylic acid(H_(4)L) and Zn^(2+) ion under solvothermal conditions.Interestingly,a high relative sensitivity of 1.43 % K^(-1) was found within 80-300 K based on Zn-450.Subsequently,two high-sensitivity luminescent Ln@MOFs(Ln = Eu and Tb) were further fabricated by doping rare earth ions into Zn-450 based on the post-synthesis strategy.Among them,the Eu@Zn-450 demonstrates various luminous behaviors while achieving an increased relative sensitivity of 1.63 % K^(-1).In addition,the continuously visible red,pink,and purple luminescent emissions at the same temperature range were observed,suggesting that the Eu@Zn-450 could be utilized as a luminescent colorimetric molecular thermometer.Importantly,this work can present new possibilities for the development of rare earth-doped luminescence and its temperature sensing properties.展开更多
In the realm of secure information storage,optical encryption has emerged as a vital technique,particularly with the miniaturization of encryption devices.However,many existing systems lack the necessary reconfigurabi...In the realm of secure information storage,optical encryption has emerged as a vital technique,particularly with the miniaturization of encryption devices.However,many existing systems lack the necessary reconfigurability and dynamic functionality.This study presents a novel approach through the development of dynamic optical-to-chemical energy conversion metamaterials,which enable enhanced steganography and multilevel information storage.We introduce a micro-dynamic multiple encryption device that leverages programmable optical properties in coumarin-based metamaterials,achieved through a direct laser writing grayscale gradient strategy.This methodology allows for the dynamic regulation of photoluminescent characteristics and cross-linking networks,facilitating innovative steganographic techniques under varying light conditions.The integration of a multi-optical field control system enables real-time adjustments to the material’s properties,enhancing the device’s reconfigurability and storage capabilities.Our findings underscore the potential of these metamaterials in advancing the field of microscale optical encryption,paving the way for future applications in dynamic storage and information security.展开更多
Microscopy imaging is fundamental in analyzing bacterial morphology and dynamics,offering critical insights into bacterial physiology and pathogenicity.Image segmentation techniques enable quantitative analysis of bac...Microscopy imaging is fundamental in analyzing bacterial morphology and dynamics,offering critical insights into bacterial physiology and pathogenicity.Image segmentation techniques enable quantitative analysis of bacterial structures,facilitating precise measurement of morphological variations and population behaviors at single-cell resolution.This paper reviews advancements in bacterial image segmentation,emphasizing the shift from traditional thresholding and watershed methods to deep learning-driven approaches.Convolutional neural networks(CNNs),U-Net architectures,and three-dimensional(3D)frameworks excel at segmenting dense biofilms and resolving antibiotic-induced morphological changes.These methods combine automated feature extraction with physics-informed postprocessing.Despite progress,challenges persist in computational efficiency,cross-species generalizability,and integration with multimodal experimental workflows.Future progress will depend on improving model robustness across species and imaging modalities,integrating multimodal data for phenotype-function mapping,and developing standard pipelines that link computational tools with clinical diagnostics.These innovations will expand microbial phenotyping beyond structural analysis,enabling deeper insights into bacterial physiology and ecological interactions.展开更多
This study investigates the effect of BaHfO_(3)(BHO)addition on the optical properties of YBa_2Cu_(3)O_(7-δ)(YBCO)superconducting thin films using spectroscopic ellipsometry.Through Raman spectroscopy and SEM analysi...This study investigates the effect of BaHfO_(3)(BHO)addition on the optical properties of YBa_2Cu_(3)O_(7-δ)(YBCO)superconducting thin films using spectroscopic ellipsometry.Through Raman spectroscopy and SEM analysis,optimal 10-min Ar ion etching effectively removes surface a-axis-oriented grains and Ba–Cu–O impurities,enhancing surface quality.Optical conductivity analysis reveals a doping-dependent evolution:10%BHO doping maximizes free carrier density and interband transition efficiency,attributed to optimized Cu–O bond contraction and reduced lattice distortions.Higher doping induces defect clustering,carrier scattering,and redshifted transitions due to lattice expansion.Dielectric function and loss function analyses confirm enhanced plasmonic behavior and flux pinning at 10%doping,while excessive doping degrades electronic transitions.These results highlight the critical role of controlled BHO addition and surface treatment in tailoring the optical and superconducting properties of YBCO,offering insights into the interplay among doping,carrier dynamics,and electronic structure in high-temperature superconductors(HTS).展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.92576208)Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program+1 种基金Beijing Science and Technology Planning ProjectTsinghua University Dushi Program。
文摘Scalability remains a major challenge in building practical fault-tolerant quantum computers.Currently,the largest number of qubits achieved across leading quantum platforms ranges from hundreds to thousands.In atom arrays,scalability is primarily constrained by the capacity to generate large numbers of optical tweezers,and conventional techniques using acousto-optic deflectors or spatial light modulators struggle to produce arrays much beyond∼10,000 tweezers.Moreover,these methods require additional microscope objectives to focus the light into micrometer-sized spots,which further complicates system integration and scalability.Here,we demonstrate the experimental generation of an optical tweezer array containing 280×280 spots using a metasurface,nearly an order of magnitude more than most existing systems.The metasurface leverages a large number of subwavelength phase-control pixels to engineer the wavefront of the incident light,enabling both large-scale tweezer generation and direct focusing into micron-scale spots without the need for a microscope.This result shifts the scalability bottleneck for atom arrays from the tweezer generation hardware to the available laser power.Furthermore,the array shows excellent intensity uniformity exceeding 90%,making it suitable for homogeneous single-atom loading and paving the way for trapping arrays of more than 10,000 atoms in the near future.
基金the School of Engineering and Built Environment at Anglia Ruskin University,UK,for the supportthe support of IRC-CSS and the Electrical Engineering Department,KFUPM,Saudi Arabia。
文摘We discuss recent progress in using machine-learning(ML)-enabled inverse design techniques applied to photonic devices and components.Specifically,we highlight the design of optical sources,including fiber and semiconductor lasers,as well as Raman and semiconductor optical amplifiers.Although inverse design approaches for optical detectors remain relatively underexplored,we examine optical layers,particularly metamaterial absorbers,as promising candidates for high-performance optical detection.In addition,we underscore advancements in inverse designing passive optical components,including beam splitters,gratings,and optical fibers.These optical blocks are fundamental in developing next-generation standalone optical communication systems and optical sensing networks,including integrated sensing and communication technologies.While categorizing various reported deep learning architectures across five paradigms,we offer a paradigm-based perspective that reveals how different ML techniques function within modern inverse design methods and enable fast,data-driven solutions that significantly reduce design time and computational demands compared with traditional optimization methods.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong,China(No.2020A1515010829,No.2023A1515011652,No.2025A1515012389)Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou,China(No.2025A03J4033).
文摘AIM:To evaluate the agreement of axial length(AL),anterior chamber parameters,and total cornea power obtained by swept-source optical coherence tomography(SS-OCT)-based and Scheimpflug-based optical biometers in myopic children.METHODS:AL,steep keratometry(K),flat K,posterior corneal keratometry(PK),total keratometry(TK),anterior chamber depth(ACD),horizontal corneal diameter(CD),and central corneal thickness(CCT)were obtained using IOL Master 700 and Pentacam AXL.The agreement between the devices was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients(ICC),Bland-Altman plots,and astigmatism vector analysis.RESULTS:Totally 175 myopic children(48.5%male)with a mean age of 10.29±2.14y were enrolled.The ICC and Bland-Altman plots indicated a satisfactory agreement for AL,ACD,and CCT.The mean difference in CD of-0.31±0.30 mm was considered clinically significant(>0.2 mm).Additionally,measurements of K and TK obtained from the IOL Master 700 showed good agreement.Nevertheless,there were clinically significant differences observed in PK,simulated keratometry(simK),total cornea power,and astigmatism(at least 10%of the cases with a difference of>10 degrees in meridian)between the two devices.CONCLUSION:The study findings demonstrate a significant difference in K,PK,astigmatism,and CD,indicating that the two optical biometers cannot be considered interchangeable.Therefore,it is recommended to utilize one kind device for follow-up examinations in myopic children.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.22234005,22494632,22404081)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Nos.BK20222015,BK20240534)。
文摘Detecting biomarkers in body fluids by optical lateral flow immune assay(LFIA) technology provides rapid access to disease information for early diagnosis.LFIA is based on an antigen-antibody reaction and is rapidly becoming the preferred choice of physicians and patients for point-of-care testing due to its simplicity,cost-effectiveness,and rapid detection.Observing the optical signal change from the colloidal gold of the traditional LFIA strip has been widely applied for various biomarkers detection in body fluids.Despite the significant progress,rapid real-time detection of color changes in the colloidal gold by the naked eye still faces many limitations,such as large errors and the inability to quantify and accurately detect.New optical LFIA strip technology has emerged in recent years to extend its application scenarios for achieving quantitative detection such as fluorescence,afterglow,and chemiluminescence.Herein,we summarized the development of optical LFIA technology from single to hyphenated optical signals for biomarkers detection in body fluids from invasive and non-invasive sources.Moreover,the challenge and outlook of optical LFIA strip technology are highlighted to inspire the designing of next-generation diagnostic platforms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22205105,61874053,22075136)National Key Basic Research Program of China(No.2020YFA0709900)Jiangsu Provincial Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Program(No.KYCX24_1649).
文摘Improving the optoelectronic behavior and stress-deformation stability of conjugated materials is crucial for the realization of their potential applications in flexible optoelectronics.To tune the emission behavior and mechanical property of molecular crystals simultaneously via supramolecular salt strategy is rarely reported,which is very important to improve their photophysical behavior and softness for the fabrication of flexible light-emitting device.Herein,supramolecular salt approach has been successfully applied to synthesize two elastic organic fluorescent crystals(CMOH-Py-Cl and CMOH-Py-Br)derived from non-emissive and brittle pyridine-substituted coumarin derivative(CMOH-Py).Their elastic properties can be attributed to the prevalent presence of numerous weak interactions introduced by halogen atoms,which are beneficial to the absorption and release of mechanical energy.Furthermore,density functional theory(DFT)calculations demonstrated a narrowing of the HOMO-LUMO energy gaps from CMOH-Py to CMOH-Py-Cl/CMOH-Py-Br via supramolecular salt approach.Finally,the application of flexible crystal materials in the field of optical waveguides has been investigated.The transformation of crystals in terms of photophysical and mechanical properties,achieved by the supramolecular salt approach,offers novel insights into the design and construction of flexible crystalline materials,providing a new path for the development of next-generation smart materials.
基金supported by the financial support received from the Indian Council of Medical Research-Department of Health Research(ICMRDHR-CoE-5/3/8/5/2019/I-MDMS)Medical Device and Diagnostics Mission Secretariat(MDMS)and Foundation for Centre for Healthcare Entrepreneurship(CfHE).
文摘Gastric cancer,including stomach tumors,poses significant health challenges due to late-stage diagnosis and limited early detection methods.Accurate imaging and precise tumor margin demarcation are critical for effective treatment planning and improved patient outcomes.Conventional imaging techniques,such as endoscopy and histopathology,provide valuable diagnostic information but cannot offer real-time assessment.We aim to explore the application of optical coherence tomography(OCT),combined with statistical and machine learning methods,for rapid tumor margin demarcation in gastrointestinal(GI)cancer tissues in exvivo.GI tumor specimens from 17 patients were imaged intraoperatively with OCT.Quantitative features were extracted from the images,and statistical and machine learning analyses were applied to distinguish tissue types.Subsequent histopathological evaluation was used as the reference standard for validation.The combination of OCT imaging and data-driven analysis enables clear differentiation between healthy,marginal and tumor tissues in near real-time.The KNN model achieved the highest classification accuracy(0.921±0.040),with SVM(0.906±0.038)and Extra Trees(0.901±0.034)also demonstrating robust performance in discriminating tissue margins.OCT findings demonstrate strong agreement with histopathology.Integrated with statistical and machine learning techniques,OCT enables rapid assessment of GI tumor margins.This approach provides quantitative objectivity and real-time feedback,closely approximating histopathological analysis and supporting improved surgical decision-making.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12204117,12564043,12174076,12074084,and 12074169)the Guangxi Science and Technology Project(Grant Nos.2023GXNSFFA026002,2024GXNSFBA010261,2021GXNSFDA196001,and AD23026117)+3 种基金the Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics in Fudan University(Grant No.KF2022_15)the Guangdong Province Talent Recruitment Program(Grant No.2021QN02C103)supported by the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong(Grant Nos.16310422 and AoE/P-502/20)the Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education(Grant No.11241018)。
文摘Understanding the complex interplay between structured light and particles is crucial for unlocking advanced optical manipulation techniques.However,existing theories for optical force/torque are often limited to small particles within the dipole regime or specific light fields,thereby lacking universality and sometimes leading to ambiguity.To overcome these limitations,we establish a fully analytical and comprehensive framework for optical force/torque based on the Cartesian multipole expansion theory,which is applicable to arbitrary-sized bi-isotropic(chiral)spherical particles immersed in arbitrary monochromatic optical fields.Rigorous expressions are thus derived,which explicitly bridge the optical force/torque with particle-propertydependent coefficients and“force/torque source”quantities characterizing the incident light structures.Such quantities identify the ultimate physical origins of optical force/torque and are systematically classified into four categories based on their parity(P)and duality(D)symmetries.Each category interacts selectively with particles exhibiting specific P and D(a)symmetries,thus inducing distinct optical forces or torques with characteristic physical behaviors.This classification establishes the mutual symmetry-breaking criteria necessary for both particles and light beams to generate optical force/torque,offering a physics-based roadmap for engineering optical manipulations such as chirality sorting,light-driven micromotors,and beyond.
文摘Overt and harmful diabetes mellitus(DM)has detrimental effects on individuals and,by extension,the community.Among the microvascular DM complications is diabetic retinopathy(DR).DR may cause irreversible vision deterioration in cases of poor blood glucose regulation.Changes in vascular permeability are key trigger points for diabetic macular edema(DME),a condition characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the macula.The development of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)pathway inhibitors has provided a pathogenesis-based treatment approach for DME.Optical coherence tomography(OCT)provides highresolution imaging of the anatomy,including the aging of DME and its structural damage,in distinct morphologic subtypes of macular edema,thereby supporting the assessment of macular edema treatment.The availability of repeated OCT monitoring provides clinical reassurance through the treatment.OCT angiography(OCTA)provides retinal blood flow maps with high spatial resolution.The ability promotes an understanding of disease pathogenesis and facilitates the implementation of new therapeutic methods.This review compares the potential of OCT and OCTA in the diagnosis and treatment of DME,as well as their respective therapeutic applications.
基金supported by the Innovation Pro-gram for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant Nos.2021ZD0300900 and 2021ZD0300902)the Strate-gic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB35010202)the Operation and Maintenance of Major Scientific and Technological In-frastructure of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.2024000014).
文摘We report the SrII optical lattice clock at the National Time Service Center(NTSC).In this system,a blackbody radiation shield with movable lattice mitigates blackbody radiation shifts through active temperature control.A shallow optical lattice with minimal tunneling minimizes AC Stark shifts.Phase-locked counter-propagating lattice beams and conductive vacuum viewports further reduce systematic uncertainties and a novel initial-state preparation method simplifies the system.Clock transition spectra achieve a linewidth of 2.5 Hz with a 400 ms clock pulse,and self-comparison stability reaches 5.1×10^(-16)at 1 s.These advancements give this clock the potential to be a critical platform for realizing outstanding systematic uncertainties in the future.
基金Supported by the the Academician Workstation Program of Yunnan Province(202405AF140013)High-Quality Development Special Project of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology(TC240A9ED-56)Shanghai Agricultural Technology Innovation Project(2024-02-08-00-12-F00032)。
文摘Distributed optical fiber sensing(DOFS)technology has been widely applied in pipeline monitoring,seismic detection,and security protection due to its broad coverage,high sensitivity,and strong anti-interference capability.However,the acquired signals are typically noisy,exhibit complex temporal-spatial patterns,and contain high-dimensional categorical features,posing significant challenges for robust classification.To address these issues,this paper introduces an Inception-ResNet-based model for intrusion event recognition in DOFS systems.The Inception architecture extracts multi-scale features from complex vibration patterns,while the residual optimization of ResNet enables efficient deep feature propagation and stable training.Furthermore,to enhance model interpretability,a Grad-CAM-based mechanism is integrated to visualize class-discriminative regions in the vibration signals,revealing the patterns that most strongly influence the network's decisions.Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach,achieving an average classification accuracy of 92.6%,outperforming traditional deep learning networks even with significantly reduced training data.These results indicate that the interpretable Inception-ResNet framework not only accurately classifies complex one-dimensional sensing signals but also provides transparent and reliable support for practical DOFS applications.
基金funding from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF0502900)special fund for Research on the National Major Research Instruments of China(62027824)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U24A20314)the Key Research and Development Program of Anhui Province in China(2022a05020028)the Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province.
文摘The ability to noninvasively manipulate and isolate specific cell populations in vivo is critical for advancing real-time diagnostics,precision medicine,and immunological research.Here,we present a novel and broadly applicable optical trapping system based on a custom-designed 2×3 optical tweezer array,which enables the real-time interception and manipulation of circulating leukocytes in live animals.By utilizing intrinsic velocity differences between leukocytes and red blood cells,the system achieves stable trapping of individual leukocytes in vessels 15-20μm in diameter and decelerates multiple cells in vessels greater than 20μm.Notably,it also enables the optical blockage of lymphatic vessels exceeding 50μm,a previously unreported capability.This label-free,noninvasive approach operates without repeated blood draws and is compatible with diverse vessel geometries and flow dynamics.The system offers a generalizable solution for in vivo cell extraction and analysis,paving the way for high-precision single-cell technologies in biomedical research and clinical translation.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB0530000)the Discipline Construction Foundation of“Double World-class Project”.
文摘Laser wakefield accelerators(LWFAs)offer acceleration gradients up to 1000 times higher than those of conventional radio-frequency accelerators,offering a pathway to significantly more compact and cost-effective accelerator systems.This breakthrough opens up new possibilities for laboratory-scale light sources.All-optical inverse Compton scattering(AOCS)sources driven by LWFAs produce high-brightness,quasimonochromatic X rays with micrometer-scale source sizes,delivering the spatial coherence and resolution required for X-ray phase-contrast imaging(XPCI).These features position AOCS X-ray sources as promising tools for applications in biology,medicine,physics,and materials science.However,previous AOCS-based imaging studies have primarily focused on X-ray absorption imaging.In this work,we report successful experimental demonstrations of edge-enhanced in-line XPCI using energy-tunable,quasi-monochromatic AOCS X rays.With a spatial resolution of~20μm,our results clearly show the potential of high-resolution,AOCS-based XPCI applications.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62204250)Autonomous deployment project of State Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits(SKLJC-Z2024-A05).
文摘In this paper,we present a broadband,high-extinction-ratio,nonvolatile 2×2 Mach-Zehnder interfer⁃ometer(MZI)optical switch based on the phase change material Sb_(2)Se_(3).The insertion loss(IL)is 0.84 dB and the extinction ratio(ER)reaches 28.8 dB at the wavelength of 1550 nm.The 3 dB bandwidth is greater than 150 nm.Within the 3 dB bandwidth,the ER is greater than 20.3 dB and 16.3 dB at bar and cross states,respectively.The power consumption for crystallization and amorphization of Sb_(2)Se_(3) is 105.86 nJ and 49 nJ,respectively.The switch holds significant promise for optical interconnects and optical computing applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52102013)。
文摘Construction of electron donor-acceptor(D-A)conjugated system is an established strategy for achieving reverse saturable absorption(RSA)and broadband optical limiting(OL).Nevertheless,organic materials exhibit OL ability across the visible to near-infrared-II spectra range remain scarce.Herein,a series of D-A typeπ-conjugated copolymers with ultra-narrow bandgaps(0.62-0.76 e V)and strong ICT absorption were synthesized by coupling electron-withdrawing block[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-g]quinoxaline(TQ)with various electron-donating groups(thiophene,selenophene,bithiophene,di(thiophen-2-yl)ethene,and thienothiophene for P1-P5,respectively).Z-scan experiments reveal that all copolymers exhibit RSA behaviours at both 532 and 1064 nm,while P1,P3 and P4 maintain RSA performance extending to 1600 nm.Among all copolymers,P5 exhibits the strongest RSA performance upon both 532 and 1064 nm laser pulses,with the highest nonlinear absorption coefficient(β_(eff))of 51.5 and 49.4 cm·GW^(-1),respectively,and the lowest OL onset fluence(Fon)of 0.31 and 0.38 J·cm^(-2),respectively.In contrast,P4 shows optimal RSA property at 1600 nm laser pulse,withβeff of 13.1 cm·GW^(-1)and Fon of 1.43 J·cm^(-2),respectively.Combining the results of Z-scan and UV-Vis-NIR experiments,it can be speculated that moderate ground-state absorption,rather than excessively strong absorption,favors superior RSA properties.This work offers valuable insights for designing copolymers with excellent RSA behavior,as well as presents a class of candidate material systems for ultrabroadband optical limiting.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province in China(2508085MF166)Research Fund of Anhui Institute of Translational Medicine(2024zh-03)+2 种基金Key Scientific Research Foundation of Education Department of Anhui Province(2023AH040083)National Natural Science Foundation of China(12404353)Cultivation Project of Training Young and Middle-aged Teachers in Universities of Anhui Province(DTR2023013).
文摘Optical tweezers technology has the characteristics of noncontact manipulation in three dimensions and steerable separation in solutions,and could be applied to obtain a separated sperm with high quality for intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI).However,the effects of optical tweezers on sperm motility are still unclear.To elucidate the effects on sperm motility for optical tweezers,we systematically investigated the correlation between motility parameters and the parameters of optical tweezers(wavelength,power,trapping duration,and trapping orientation).Under three systems of optical tweezers with different laser wavelengths(1064,850,and 785 nm),the nine motility parameters of free swimming were mainly affected by trapping orientation(vertical/horizontal)and trapping duration.When 850 nm laser and 1064 nm laser are used,vertical trapping significantly reduces sperm free-swimming capability with prolonged exposure time,whereas horizontal trapping exhibits relatively minor interference on sperm motility.Notably,the 785 nm laser does not induce statistically significant changes in key parameters of sperm motility under any experimental conditions(trapping orientation and duration).For the rolling frequency of trapped sperm,horizontal trapping for three wavelengths has a negligible effect compared with vertical trapping,especially for the 785 nm laser.In conclusion,horizontal trapping can preserve sperm motility under low power(below 140mW at 1064 nm,below 100mW at 850nm,below 60mW at 785 nm)and short duration(below 4 min).This trapping duration is suffcient for the separation procedure of single live sperm in ICSI.This study provides critical parameter optimization guidelines for the safe application of optical tweezers technology in reproductive medicine.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFB3812400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51890871)the GJYC Program of Guangzhou(No.2024D02J0004)。
文摘The development of high-performance transparent substrates is critical for next-generation flexible electronic devices.Herein,we designed two novel meta-substituted diamines incorporating trifluoromethyl(―CF_(3))and methyl(―CH_(3))groups to synthesize colorless copolyimide(CPI)films via copolymerization with 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride(6FDA)/3,3′,4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride(BPDA).The combination of meta-substituted architecture and substituents enables the simultaneous attainment of an ultralow dielectric constant(D_k)and high transparency.The meta-substitution geometry and electronic effects of―CF_(3)/―CH_(3) effectively suppressed charge-transfer complex(CTC)formation,expanded fractional free volume(FFV),and restricted π-electron conjugation,as validated by DFT calculations and wide-angle X-ray diffraction(WAXD)analysis.The optimized CPI film(PIA_(1)-6FDA/BPDA(10/0))achieved outstanding transmittance(T_(450)=88.15%),ultralow dielectric constant(D_(k)=2.08 at 1 k Hz),and minimal dielectric loss(D_(f)=0.0012),while maintaining robust thermal stability(T_(d5%)>523℃)and mechanical strength(σ=87.5 MPa).This work establishes a molecular engineering strategy to concurrently enhance the optical and dielectric properties,positioning meta-substituted CPIs as promising candidates for transparent flexible devices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.21801111)the Training Plan for Young Core Teachers in Higher Education of Henan Province (No.2021GGJS131)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (No.232300421232)the Heluo Young Talent Lifting Project (No.2023HLTJ02)。
文摘Ln@MOFs by anchoring rare metal ions(Ln) into metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) are proved to have great potential in the field of luminescent molecular thermometer.Nevertheless,the current research indicated that the poor structural stability and low sensitivity hindered their application scope.In this work,a new MOF Zn-450 luminescent thermometer with multiple emission fluorescence characteristics was synthesized by the combination of 3,3,5,5-biphenyl tetracarboxylic acid(H_(4)L) and Zn^(2+) ion under solvothermal conditions.Interestingly,a high relative sensitivity of 1.43 % K^(-1) was found within 80-300 K based on Zn-450.Subsequently,two high-sensitivity luminescent Ln@MOFs(Ln = Eu and Tb) were further fabricated by doping rare earth ions into Zn-450 based on the post-synthesis strategy.Among them,the Eu@Zn-450 demonstrates various luminous behaviors while achieving an increased relative sensitivity of 1.63 % K^(-1).In addition,the continuously visible red,pink,and purple luminescent emissions at the same temperature range were observed,suggesting that the Eu@Zn-450 could be utilized as a luminescent colorimetric molecular thermometer.Importantly,this work can present new possibilities for the development of rare earth-doped luminescence and its temperature sensing properties.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Project No.2022YFB4700100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61973298)+2 种基金Hong Kong Research Grants Council(GRF Project Number 11216120)the CAS-RGC Joint Laboratory Funding Scheme(Project Number JLFS/E-104/18)the Innovation Promotion Research Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(NO.2022199)。
文摘In the realm of secure information storage,optical encryption has emerged as a vital technique,particularly with the miniaturization of encryption devices.However,many existing systems lack the necessary reconfigurability and dynamic functionality.This study presents a novel approach through the development of dynamic optical-to-chemical energy conversion metamaterials,which enable enhanced steganography and multilevel information storage.We introduce a micro-dynamic multiple encryption device that leverages programmable optical properties in coumarin-based metamaterials,achieved through a direct laser writing grayscale gradient strategy.This methodology allows for the dynamic regulation of photoluminescent characteristics and cross-linking networks,facilitating innovative steganographic techniques under varying light conditions.The integration of a multi-optical field control system enables real-time adjustments to the material’s properties,enhancing the device’s reconfigurability and storage capabilities.Our findings underscore the potential of these metamaterials in advancing the field of microscale optical encryption,paving the way for future applications in dynamic storage and information security.
基金financially supported by the Open Project Program of Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics(No.2022WNLOKF009)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62475216)+2 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi(No.2024GH-ZDXM-37)the Fujian Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2024J01060)the Startup Program of XMU,and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Microscopy imaging is fundamental in analyzing bacterial morphology and dynamics,offering critical insights into bacterial physiology and pathogenicity.Image segmentation techniques enable quantitative analysis of bacterial structures,facilitating precise measurement of morphological variations and population behaviors at single-cell resolution.This paper reviews advancements in bacterial image segmentation,emphasizing the shift from traditional thresholding and watershed methods to deep learning-driven approaches.Convolutional neural networks(CNNs),U-Net architectures,and three-dimensional(3D)frameworks excel at segmenting dense biofilms and resolving antibiotic-induced morphological changes.These methods combine automated feature extraction with physics-informed postprocessing.Despite progress,challenges persist in computational efficiency,cross-species generalizability,and integration with multimodal experimental workflows.Future progress will depend on improving model robustness across species and imaging modalities,integrating multimodal data for phenotype-function mapping,and developing standard pipelines that link computational tools with clinical diagnostics.These innovations will expand microbial phenotyping beyond structural analysis,enabling deeper insights into bacterial physiology and ecological interactions.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52172271,12374378,52307026,and 52477022)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFE03150200)Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Program(Grant No.23511101600)。
文摘This study investigates the effect of BaHfO_(3)(BHO)addition on the optical properties of YBa_2Cu_(3)O_(7-δ)(YBCO)superconducting thin films using spectroscopic ellipsometry.Through Raman spectroscopy and SEM analysis,optimal 10-min Ar ion etching effectively removes surface a-axis-oriented grains and Ba–Cu–O impurities,enhancing surface quality.Optical conductivity analysis reveals a doping-dependent evolution:10%BHO doping maximizes free carrier density and interband transition efficiency,attributed to optimized Cu–O bond contraction and reduced lattice distortions.Higher doping induces defect clustering,carrier scattering,and redshifted transitions due to lattice expansion.Dielectric function and loss function analyses confirm enhanced plasmonic behavior and flux pinning at 10%doping,while excessive doping degrades electronic transitions.These results highlight the critical role of controlled BHO addition and surface treatment in tailoring the optical and superconducting properties of YBCO,offering insights into the interplay among doping,carrier dynamics,and electronic structure in high-temperature superconductors(HTS).
