The nonlinear Schrodinger equation(NLSE) is a key tool for modeling wave propagation in nonlinear and dispersive media. This study focuses on the complex cubic NLSE with δ-potential,explored through the Brownian proc...The nonlinear Schrodinger equation(NLSE) is a key tool for modeling wave propagation in nonlinear and dispersive media. This study focuses on the complex cubic NLSE with δ-potential,explored through the Brownian process. The investigation begins with the derivation of stochastic solitary wave solutions using the modified exp(-Ψ(ξ)) expansion method. To illustrate the noise effects, 3D and 2D visualizations are displayed for different non-negative values of noise parameter under suitable parameter values. Additionally, qualitative analysis of both perturbed and unperturbed dynamical systems is conducted using bifurcation and chaos theory. In bifurcation analysis, we analyze the detailed parameter analysis near fixed points of the unperturbed system. An external periodic force is applied to perturb the system, leading to an investigation of its chaotic behavior. Chaos detection tools are employed to predict the behavior of the perturbed dynamical system, with results validated through visual representations.Multistability analysis is conducted under varying initial conditions to identify multiple stable states in the perturbed dynamical system, contributing to chaotic behavior. Also, sensitivity analysis of the Hamiltonian system is performed for different initial conditions. The novelty of this work lies in the significance of the obtained results, which have not been previously explored for the considered equation. These findings offer noteworthy insights into the behavior of the complex cubic NLSE with δ-potential and its applications in fields such as nonlinear optics, quantum mechanics and Bose–Einstein condensates.展开更多
In this paper,the N-soliton solutions for the massive Thirring model(MTM)in laboratory coordinates are analyzed via the Riemann-Hilbert(RH)approach.The direct scattering including the analyticity,symmetries,and asympt...In this paper,the N-soliton solutions for the massive Thirring model(MTM)in laboratory coordinates are analyzed via the Riemann-Hilbert(RH)approach.The direct scattering including the analyticity,symmetries,and asymptotic behaviors of the Jost solutions as|λ|→∞andλ→0 are given.Considering that the scattering coefficients have simple zeros,the matrix RH problem,reconstruction formulas and corresponding trace formulas are also derived.Further,the N-soliton solutions in the reflectionless case are obtained explicitly in the form of determinants.The propagation characteristics of one-soliton solutions and interaction properties of two-soliton solutions are discussed.In particular,the asymptotic expressions of two-soliton solutions as|t|→∞are obtained,which show that the velocities and amplitudes of the asymptotic solitons do not change before and after interaction except the position shifts.In addition,three types of bounded states for two-soliton solutions are presented with certain parametric conditions.展开更多
In this meta-analysis,our aim was to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of lotilaner ophthalmic solution in treating Demodex Blepharitis(DB),with the goal of providing evidence for clinical practice.Pub M...In this meta-analysis,our aim was to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of lotilaner ophthalmic solution in treating Demodex Blepharitis(DB),with the goal of providing evidence for clinical practice.Pub Med,Embase,Web of Science,The Cochrane Library,CNKI,Wanfang,and CBM were searched from inception to November 28,2023.Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)comparing lotilaner ophthalmic solution(experimental group)with placebo(control group)for the treatment of DB were included.Two researchers independently screened the literature,extracted the data,and assessed the quality of the included studies.Meta-analysis was conducted using Rev Man 5.4 software.The Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development,and Evaluations(GRADE)approach was used to evaluate the evidence quality of outcomes.Publication bias was assessed using a funnel plot.Four RCTs involving 947 patients were included.Meta-analysis revealed that compared to placebo,lotilaner ophthalmic solution significantly increased the rate of mite eradication(RR=3.61,95%CI(2.90,4.49),P<0.00001).Additionally,lotilaner treatment resulted in higher rates of collarette cure,erythema cure,composite erythema/collarette cure,and clinically meaningful collarette cure;the differences were statistically significant,with effect sizes(RR=5.74,95%CI(4.27,7.72),P<0.00001),(RR=3.16,95%CI(2.18,4.58),P<0.00001),(RR=6.75,95%CI(3.75,12.16),P<0.00001),and(RR=3.09,95%CI(2.65,3.60),P<0.00001),respectively.Mite density(MD=–1.42,95%CI(–2.09,–0.74),P<0.0001)and collarette grade(MD=–1.51,95%CI(–1.77,–1.25),P<0.00001)were significantly reduced.Indeed,no discernible discrepancies in the comfort levels experienced with eye drops emerged between the two groups.Although the experimental group did exhibit a slightly higher occurrence of treatment-related adverse events,ranging from instillation site discomfort to eye discharge and eyelid swelling,these variances did not attain statistical significance.Notably,upon GRADE evaluation,the study's evidence quality was deemed moderate,while scrutiny for publication bias revealed minimal indications thereof.In the realm of treatment,lotilaner ophthalmic solution shined as a beacon of efficacy,effectively combating mite infections and bolstering cure rates among patients with DB.Moreover,its administration was met with commendable compliance and upheld safety standards.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the quantitatively changes in lipid layer thickness(LLT) when 3% diquafosol eye drop is used for dry eye patients using the tear film interferometer. METHODS: A total 124 participants(32 males, 92 fem...AIM: To evaluate the quantitatively changes in lipid layer thickness(LLT) when 3% diquafosol eye drop is used for dry eye patients using the tear film interferometer. METHODS: A total 124 participants(32 males, 92 females;mean age, 28.9 y) diagnosed with dry eye disease(DED) received topical instillation of 4 ophthalmic solutions in one eye: diquafosol, normal saline, 0.1% sodium hyaluronate and 0.3% gatifloxacin, in a masked manner. LLT was measured using an interferometer at baseline and 20 min after the instillation of each ophthalmic solutions.RESULTS: Changes of LLT after instillation(nm, mean± standard error) were as follows: 12.6±2.0 for diquafosol(P<0.001), 1.2±2.2 for normal saline(P=0.301), 1.5±2.0 for hyaluronate(P=0.495), and 0.5±3.2 for gatifloxacin(P=0.884).CONCLUSION: Topical instillation of diquafosol increases tear film LLT in DED patients. Diquafosol 3% eye drop might be effective treatment option of evaporative DED with meibomian gland dysfunction.展开更多
Due to their superior properties, the interest in nanostructures is increasing today in engineering. This study presents a new two-noded curved finite element for analyzing the in-plane static behaviors of curved nano...Due to their superior properties, the interest in nanostructures is increasing today in engineering. This study presents a new two-noded curved finite element for analyzing the in-plane static behaviors of curved nanobeams. Opposite to traditional curved finite elements developed by using approximate interpolation functions, the proposed curved finite element is developed by using exact analytical solutions. Although this approach was first introduced for analyzing the mechanical behaviors of macro-scale curved beams by adopting the local theory of elasticity, the exact analytical expressions used in this study were obtained from the solutions of governing equations that were expressed via the differential form of the nonlocal theory of elasticity. Therefore, the effects of shear strain and axial extension included in the analytical formulation are also inherited by the curved finite element developed here. The rigidity matrix and the consistent force vector are developed for a circular finite element. To demonstrate the applicability of the method, static analyses of various curved nanobeams subjected to different boundary conditions and loading scenarios are performed, and the obtained results are compared with the exact analytical ones. The presented study provides an accurate and low computational cost method for researchers to investigate the in-plane static behavior of curved nanobeams.展开更多
In this paper,we investigate the integrable fractional coupled Gerdjikov-Ivanov equation and derive its explicit form by employing the completeness relation of squared eigenfunctions.Based on the Riemann-Hilbert metho...In this paper,we investigate the integrable fractional coupled Gerdjikov-Ivanov equation and derive its explicit form by employing the completeness relation of squared eigenfunctions.Based on the Riemann-Hilbert method,we construct the fractional N-soliton solutions.We find that as the powerεof the Riesz fractional derivative increases,the amplitudes of the fractional soliton solutions remain invariant,while their widths decrease and the absolute values of the wave velocity,group velocity,and phase velocity increase.Additionally,we examine the long-time asymptotic behavior of the fractional N-soliton solution.The results show that as t→±∞,the solution can be approximated by the sum of N fractional one-soliton solutions,with each soliton's amplitude and velocity remaining constant,whereas both position and phase shifts are observed.展开更多
In this paper, we study the higher dimensional nonlinear Rossby waves under the generalized beta effect.Using methods of the multiple scales and weak nonlinear perturbation expansions [Q. S. Liu, et al., Phys. Lett. A...In this paper, we study the higher dimensional nonlinear Rossby waves under the generalized beta effect.Using methods of the multiple scales and weak nonlinear perturbation expansions [Q. S. Liu, et al., Phys. Lett. A383(2019) 514], we derive a new(2 + 1)-dimensional generalized Boussinesq equation from the barotropic potential vorticity equation. Based on bifurcation theory of planar dynamical systems and the qualitative theory of ordinary differential equations, the dynamical analysis and exact traveling wave solutions of the new generalized Boussinesq equation are obtained. Moreover, we provide the numerical simulations of these exact solutions under some conditions of all parameters. The numerical results show that these traveling wave solutions are all the Rossby solitary waves.展开更多
In this paper, a variable-coefficient Benjarnin-Bona-Mahony-Burger （BBMB） equation arising as a math- ematical model of propagation of small-amplitude long waves in nonlinear dispersive media is investigated. The in...In this paper, a variable-coefficient Benjarnin-Bona-Mahony-Burger （BBMB） equation arising as a math- ematical model of propagation of small-amplitude long waves in nonlinear dispersive media is investigated. The inte- grability of such an equation is studied with Painlevd analysis. The Lie symmetry method is performed for the BBMB equation and then similarity reductions and exact solutions are obtained based on the optimal system method. Further- more different types of solitary, periodic and kink waves can be seen with the change of variable coefficients.展开更多
Nonlinear dynamic equation is a common engineering model.There is not precise analytical solution for most of nonlinear differential equations.These nonlinear differential equations should be solved by using approxima...Nonlinear dynamic equation is a common engineering model.There is not precise analytical solution for most of nonlinear differential equations.These nonlinear differential equations should be solved by using approximate methods.Classical perturbation methods such as LP method,KBM method,multi-scale method and the averaging method on weakly nonlinear vibration system is effective,while the strongly nonlinear system is difficult to apply.Approximate solutions of primary resonance for forced Duffing equation is investigated by means of homotopy analysis method （HAM）.Different from other approximate computational method,the HAM is totally independent of small physical parameters,and thus is suitable for most nonlinear problems.The HAM provides a great freedom to choose base functions of solution series,so that a nonlinear problem may be approximated more effectively.The HAM provides us a simple way to adjust and control the convergence region of the series solution by means of an auxiliary parameter and the auxiliary function.Therefore,HAM not only may solve the weakly non-linear problems but also may be suitable for the strong non-linear problem.Through the approximate solution of forced Duffing equation with cubic non-linearity,the HAM and fourth order Runge-Kutta method of numerical solution were compared,the results show that the HAM not only can solve the steady state solution,but also can calculate the unsteady state solution,and has the good computational accuracy.展开更多
On the basis of Lie group theory,(1 + N)-dimensional time-fractional partial differential equations are studied and the expression of η_α~0 is given. As applications, two special forms of nonlinear time-fractional d...On the basis of Lie group theory,(1 + N)-dimensional time-fractional partial differential equations are studied and the expression of η_α~0 is given. As applications, two special forms of nonlinear time-fractional diffusionconvection equations are investigated by Lie group analysis method. Then the equations are reduced into fractional ordinary differential equations under group transformations. Therefore, the invariant solutions and some exact solutions are obtained.展开更多
There were several techniques determined for the analysis of citrate and citric acid mixtures in the pharmaceutical dosage forms. Titration methods, photometric and ion chromatographic methods were used for their dete...There were several techniques determined for the analysis of citrate and citric acid mixtures in the pharmaceutical dosage forms. Titration methods, photometric and ion chromatographic methods were used for their determination. These methods will restrict too many factors where the accurate quantification of citrate and citric acid is extremely challenging. Citric acid is the natural flavor used as a preservative for many pharmaceutical applications. Deformulation techniques used for the manufacturing of generic drugs require authentic data for their regulatory submissions. Simple accurate and reproducible validated method developed for the determination of citric acid and sodium citrate by titration followed by HPLC analysis. Free citric acid was determined by the titration method and total citric acid was determined by HPLC analysis. After subtracting the free citric acid from total citric acid content, citric acid present in the sodium citrate content was determined. Sodium citrate content was determined by applying sodium correction factor to the subtracted value of the citric acid. The results met all the validation parameters and the method was successfully measured the amount of citric acid and sodium citrate in the marketed ophthalmic/oral solutions.展开更多
Rapid analysis of metal ions and organic compounds in strong acidic solutions is of sustainable interest in multiple disciplines.However,complicated and time-consuming pretreatments are always required for MS analysis...Rapid analysis of metal ions and organic compounds in strong acidic solutions is of sustainable interest in multiple disciplines.However,complicated and time-consuming pretreatments are always required for MS analysis of the compounds in strong acidic solutions.Otherwise,it will result in a weak signal and cause serious damage to the mass spectrometer.Herein,a simple method inherited from nano-ESI MS was developed for rapid analysis of strong acidic solutions.Nanoliter(nL)strong acidic solution was first loaded in the nano-ESI emitter,followed by evaporation to remove the H+and leave the analytes on the wall of the nano-ESI emitter.The evaporation process can be completed within 1 min because of the extremely tiny volume(≤1 nL)of the loaded solution.Then,the dried analytes on the wall of the nano-ESI emitter were redissolved by loading a new solvent,followed by nano-ESI MS analysis.By using this method,metal ions and organic compounds in the strong acidic solution can be detected with low sample consumption(1 nL),high speed(<2 min/sample),high sensitivity(limit of detection=0.2µg/L),and high accuracy(>90%).Proof-of-concept applications of the present method have been successfully achieved for the analysis of gastric juice(pH of the sample=1),monitoring reaction catalyzed by strong acid(pH of the system=0),and micro-area analysis of ores(pH of the extraction solvent=0),showing great application potential in multiple fields.展开更多
We construct uniform expressions of such dark soliton solutions encompassing both single-valley and double-valley dark solitons for the defocusing coupled Hirota equation with high-order nonlinear effects utilizing th...We construct uniform expressions of such dark soliton solutions encompassing both single-valley and double-valley dark solitons for the defocusing coupled Hirota equation with high-order nonlinear effects utilizing the uniform Darboux transformation,in addition to proposing a sufficient condition for the existence of the above dark soliton solutions.Furthermore,the asymptotic analysis we perform reveals that collisions for single-valley dark solitons typically exhibit elastic behavior;however,collisions for double-valley dark solitons are generally inelastic.In light of this,we further propose a sufficient condition for the elastic collisions of double-valley dark soliton solutions.Our results offer valuable insights into the dynamics of dark soliton solutions in the defocusing coupled Hirota equation and can contribute to the advancement of studies in nonlinear optics.展开更多
Background:We investigated the procedures used by medical institutions in Guangdong Province for reprocessing ophthalmic surgical instruments and analyzed the problems identified in order to improve the quality of cle...Background:We investigated the procedures used by medical institutions in Guangdong Province for reprocessing ophthalmic surgical instruments and analyzed the problems identified in order to improve the quality of cleaning medical instruments and its management.Methods:The reprocessing of ophthalmic surgical instruments was investigated in 72 hospitals in Guangdong Province using a questionnaire designed for this purpose.Results:Ophthalmic surgical instruments underwent centralized reprocessing in the disinfection and supply centers in 50%of the 72 hospitals.Cataract phacoemulsification surgery was the main ophthalmic surgery performed in 94%of the 72 hospitals.The main reasons for using centralized reprocessing were an insufficient supply of ophthalmic surgical instruments,short turnaround times between surgeries,and the high cost of losing these precise and fragile instruments.Manual processing was the predominant method of reprocessing ophthalmic surgical instruments;enzyme detergents were used in 63.89%of the hospitals;and 48.61%of the hospitals used N-model small pressure-steam sterilizers for the ophthalmic surgical instruments.Conclusions:In order to improve the quality and management of the cleaning of medical instruments,and guarantee high-quality medical care,the following measures are recommended.Centralized management of ophthalmic surgical instruments should be based on the instruments’characteristics.Pay more attention to reprocessing site locations and staff training.Choose detergents based on manufacturers’instructions for use with specific instruments.Increase the number of available ophthalmic instruments in accordance with their demand and select appropriate small pressure-steam sterilizers.展开更多
The validation of a simple, sensitive and specific agar diffusion bioassay, applying cylinder-plate method, for the determination of the antibiotic azithromycin in ophthalmic solutions is described. Using a strain of ...The validation of a simple, sensitive and specific agar diffusion bioassay, applying cylinder-plate method, for the determination of the antibiotic azithromycin in ophthalmic solutions is described. Using a strain of Bacillus subtilis ATCC 9372 as the test organism, azithromycin at concentrations ranging from 50.0 to 200.0 μg·mL -1 could be measured in 1.666 7 mg·mL -1 ophthalmic solutions. A prospective validation of the method showed that the method was linear (r=0.999 9) and precise (RSD=0.70) and accurate (it measured the added quantities). The results obtained by bioassay method could be statistically calculated by linear parallel model and by means of regression analysis and verified using analysis of variance (ANOVA). We conclude that the microbiological assay is satisfactory for quantification of azithromycin in ophthalmic solutions.展开更多
This paper is concerned with the (2+1)-dimensional Burgers' and heat types of equations.All of the geometic vector fields of the equations are obtained,an optimal system of the equation is presented.Especially,the...This paper is concerned with the (2+1)-dimensional Burgers' and heat types of equations.All of the geometic vector fields of the equations are obtained,an optimal system of the equation is presented.Especially,the Bcklund transformations (BTs) for the Burgers' equations are constructed based on the symmetry.Then,all of the symmetry reductions are provided in terms of the optimal system method,and the exact explicit solutions are investigated by the symmetry reductions and Bcklund transformations.展开更多
Under investigation in this paper is a relativistic Toda lattice system with one perturbation parameterαabbreviated as RTLαsystem by Suris,which may describe the motions of particles in lattices interacting through ...Under investigation in this paper is a relativistic Toda lattice system with one perturbation parameterαabbreviated as RTLαsystem by Suris,which may describe the motions of particles in lattices interacting through an exponential interaction force.First of all,an integrable lattice hierarchy associated with an RTLαsystem is constructed,from which some relevant integrable properties such as Hamiltonian structures,Liouville integrability and conservation laws are investigated.Secondly,the discrete generalized(m,2 N-m)-fold Darboux transformation is constructed to derive multi-soliton solutions,higher-order rational and semirational solutions,and their mixed solutions of an RTLαsystem.The soliton elastic interactions and details of rational solutions are analyzed via the graphics and asymptotic analysis.Finally,soliton dynamical evolutions are investigated via numerical simulations,showing that a small noise has very little effect on the soliton propagation.These results may provide new insight into nonlinear lattice dynamics described by RTLαsystem.展开更多
A method for determining symbolic and all numerical solutions in design optimization based on monotonicity analysis and solving polynomial systems is presented in this paper. Groebner Bases of the algebraic system equ...A method for determining symbolic and all numerical solutions in design optimization based on monotonicity analysis and solving polynomial systems is presented in this paper. Groebner Bases of the algebraic system equivalent to the subproblem of the design optimization is taken as the symbolic (analytical) expression of the optimum solution for the symbolic optimization, i.e. the problem with symbolic coefficients. A method based on substituting and eliminating for determining Groebner Bases is also proposed, and method for finding all numerical optimum solutions is discussed. Finally an example is given, demonstrating the strategy and efficiency of the method.展开更多
There is no question that Computer Assisted Language Learning(CALL) has been a feature of teaching and learning in college.CALL plays a significant role in second language teaching.This article will focus on an overvi...There is no question that Computer Assisted Language Learning(CALL) has been a feature of teaching and learning in college.CALL plays a significant role in second language teaching.This article will focus on an overview of three different types of roles of CALL to demonstrate its application in Chinese college English teaching.展开更多
In the present paper, Lie group symmetry method is used to obtain some exact solutions for a hyperbolic system of partial differential equations （PDEs）, which governs an isothermal no-slip drift-flux model for multi...In the present paper, Lie group symmetry method is used to obtain some exact solutions for a hyperbolic system of partial differential equations （PDEs）, which governs an isothermal no-slip drift-flux model for multiphase flow problem. Those sym- metries are used for the governing system of equations to obtain infinitesimal transforma- tions, which consequently reduces the governing system of PDEs to a system of ODEs. Further, the solutions of the system of ODEs which in turn produces some exact solutions for the PDEs are presented. Finally, the evolutionary behavior of weak discontinuity is discussed.展开更多
基金Supporting Project under Grant No.RSP2025R472,King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia。
文摘The nonlinear Schrodinger equation(NLSE) is a key tool for modeling wave propagation in nonlinear and dispersive media. This study focuses on the complex cubic NLSE with δ-potential,explored through the Brownian process. The investigation begins with the derivation of stochastic solitary wave solutions using the modified exp(-Ψ(ξ)) expansion method. To illustrate the noise effects, 3D and 2D visualizations are displayed for different non-negative values of noise parameter under suitable parameter values. Additionally, qualitative analysis of both perturbed and unperturbed dynamical systems is conducted using bifurcation and chaos theory. In bifurcation analysis, we analyze the detailed parameter analysis near fixed points of the unperturbed system. An external periodic force is applied to perturb the system, leading to an investigation of its chaotic behavior. Chaos detection tools are employed to predict the behavior of the perturbed dynamical system, with results validated through visual representations.Multistability analysis is conducted under varying initial conditions to identify multiple stable states in the perturbed dynamical system, contributing to chaotic behavior. Also, sensitivity analysis of the Hamiltonian system is performed for different initial conditions. The novelty of this work lies in the significance of the obtained results, which have not been previously explored for the considered equation. These findings offer noteworthy insights into the behavior of the complex cubic NLSE with δ-potential and its applications in fields such as nonlinear optics, quantum mechanics and Bose–Einstein condensates.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12475003 and11705284)by the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality(Grant Nos.1232022 and 1212007)。
文摘In this paper,the N-soliton solutions for the massive Thirring model(MTM)in laboratory coordinates are analyzed via the Riemann-Hilbert(RH)approach.The direct scattering including the analyticity,symmetries,and asymptotic behaviors of the Jost solutions as|λ|→∞andλ→0 are given.Considering that the scattering coefficients have simple zeros,the matrix RH problem,reconstruction formulas and corresponding trace formulas are also derived.Further,the N-soliton solutions in the reflectionless case are obtained explicitly in the form of determinants.The propagation characteristics of one-soliton solutions and interaction properties of two-soliton solutions are discussed.In particular,the asymptotic expressions of two-soliton solutions as|t|→∞are obtained,which show that the velocities and amplitudes of the asymptotic solitons do not change before and after interaction except the position shifts.In addition,three types of bounded states for two-soliton solutions are presented with certain parametric conditions.
基金National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2020YFC2008304)Health Commission of Henan Province(Grant No.LHGJ20220426)。
文摘In this meta-analysis,our aim was to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of lotilaner ophthalmic solution in treating Demodex Blepharitis(DB),with the goal of providing evidence for clinical practice.Pub Med,Embase,Web of Science,The Cochrane Library,CNKI,Wanfang,and CBM were searched from inception to November 28,2023.Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)comparing lotilaner ophthalmic solution(experimental group)with placebo(control group)for the treatment of DB were included.Two researchers independently screened the literature,extracted the data,and assessed the quality of the included studies.Meta-analysis was conducted using Rev Man 5.4 software.The Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development,and Evaluations(GRADE)approach was used to evaluate the evidence quality of outcomes.Publication bias was assessed using a funnel plot.Four RCTs involving 947 patients were included.Meta-analysis revealed that compared to placebo,lotilaner ophthalmic solution significantly increased the rate of mite eradication(RR=3.61,95%CI(2.90,4.49),P<0.00001).Additionally,lotilaner treatment resulted in higher rates of collarette cure,erythema cure,composite erythema/collarette cure,and clinically meaningful collarette cure;the differences were statistically significant,with effect sizes(RR=5.74,95%CI(4.27,7.72),P<0.00001),(RR=3.16,95%CI(2.18,4.58),P<0.00001),(RR=6.75,95%CI(3.75,12.16),P<0.00001),and(RR=3.09,95%CI(2.65,3.60),P<0.00001),respectively.Mite density(MD=–1.42,95%CI(–2.09,–0.74),P<0.0001)and collarette grade(MD=–1.51,95%CI(–1.77,–1.25),P<0.00001)were significantly reduced.Indeed,no discernible discrepancies in the comfort levels experienced with eye drops emerged between the two groups.Although the experimental group did exhibit a slightly higher occurrence of treatment-related adverse events,ranging from instillation site discomfort to eye discharge and eyelid swelling,these variances did not attain statistical significance.Notably,upon GRADE evaluation,the study's evidence quality was deemed moderate,while scrutiny for publication bias revealed minimal indications thereof.In the realm of treatment,lotilaner ophthalmic solution shined as a beacon of efficacy,effectively combating mite infections and bolstering cure rates among patients with DB.Moreover,its administration was met with commendable compliance and upheld safety standards.
文摘AIM: To evaluate the quantitatively changes in lipid layer thickness(LLT) when 3% diquafosol eye drop is used for dry eye patients using the tear film interferometer. METHODS: A total 124 participants(32 males, 92 females;mean age, 28.9 y) diagnosed with dry eye disease(DED) received topical instillation of 4 ophthalmic solutions in one eye: diquafosol, normal saline, 0.1% sodium hyaluronate and 0.3% gatifloxacin, in a masked manner. LLT was measured using an interferometer at baseline and 20 min after the instillation of each ophthalmic solutions.RESULTS: Changes of LLT after instillation(nm, mean± standard error) were as follows: 12.6±2.0 for diquafosol(P<0.001), 1.2±2.2 for normal saline(P=0.301), 1.5±2.0 for hyaluronate(P=0.495), and 0.5±3.2 for gatifloxacin(P=0.884).CONCLUSION: Topical instillation of diquafosol increases tear film LLT in DED patients. Diquafosol 3% eye drop might be effective treatment option of evaporative DED with meibomian gland dysfunction.
基金supported by Scientific Research Projects Department of Istanbul Technical University.Project Number:MGA-2018-41546.Grant receiver:E.T.
文摘Due to their superior properties, the interest in nanostructures is increasing today in engineering. This study presents a new two-noded curved finite element for analyzing the in-plane static behaviors of curved nanobeams. Opposite to traditional curved finite elements developed by using approximate interpolation functions, the proposed curved finite element is developed by using exact analytical solutions. Although this approach was first introduced for analyzing the mechanical behaviors of macro-scale curved beams by adopting the local theory of elasticity, the exact analytical expressions used in this study were obtained from the solutions of governing equations that were expressed via the differential form of the nonlocal theory of elasticity. Therefore, the effects of shear strain and axial extension included in the analytical formulation are also inherited by the curved finite element developed here. The rigidity matrix and the consistent force vector are developed for a circular finite element. To demonstrate the applicability of the method, static analyses of various curved nanobeams subjected to different boundary conditions and loading scenarios are performed, and the obtained results are compared with the exact analytical ones. The presented study provides an accurate and low computational cost method for researchers to investigate the in-plane static behavior of curved nanobeams.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12305003,12101246,12471237)。
文摘In this paper,we investigate the integrable fractional coupled Gerdjikov-Ivanov equation and derive its explicit form by employing the completeness relation of squared eigenfunctions.Based on the Riemann-Hilbert method,we construct the fractional N-soliton solutions.We find that as the powerεof the Riesz fractional derivative increases,the amplitudes of the fractional soliton solutions remain invariant,while their widths decrease and the absolute values of the wave velocity,group velocity,and phase velocity increase.Additionally,we examine the long-time asymptotic behavior of the fractional N-soliton solution.The results show that as t→±∞,the solution can be approximated by the sum of N fractional one-soliton solutions,with each soliton's amplitude and velocity remaining constant,whereas both position and phase shifts are observed.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.11562014,11762011,11671101,71471020,51839002the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia under Grant No.2017MS0108+4 种基金Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.2016JJ2061the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department under Grant No.18A325the Construct Program of the Key Discipline in Hunan Province under Grant No.201176the Aid Program for Science and Technology Innovative Research Team in Higher Educational Instituions of Hunan Province under Grant No.2014207Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Mathematical Modeling and Analysis in Engineering of Changsha University of Science and Technology under Grant No.018MMAEZD191
文摘In this paper, we study the higher dimensional nonlinear Rossby waves under the generalized beta effect.Using methods of the multiple scales and weak nonlinear perturbation expansions [Q. S. Liu, et al., Phys. Lett. A383(2019) 514], we derive a new(2 + 1)-dimensional generalized Boussinesq equation from the barotropic potential vorticity equation. Based on bifurcation theory of planar dynamical systems and the qualitative theory of ordinary differential equations, the dynamical analysis and exact traveling wave solutions of the new generalized Boussinesq equation are obtained. Moreover, we provide the numerical simulations of these exact solutions under some conditions of all parameters. The numerical results show that these traveling wave solutions are all the Rossby solitary waves.
文摘In this paper, a variable-coefficient Benjarnin-Bona-Mahony-Burger （BBMB） equation arising as a math- ematical model of propagation of small-amplitude long waves in nonlinear dispersive media is investigated. The inte- grability of such an equation is studied with Painlevd analysis. The Lie symmetry method is performed for the BBMB equation and then similarity reductions and exact solutions are obtained based on the optimal system method. Further- more different types of solitary, periodic and kink waves can be seen with the change of variable coefficients.
基金supported by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (Grant No. N090405009)
文摘Nonlinear dynamic equation is a common engineering model.There is not precise analytical solution for most of nonlinear differential equations.These nonlinear differential equations should be solved by using approximate methods.Classical perturbation methods such as LP method,KBM method,multi-scale method and the averaging method on weakly nonlinear vibration system is effective,while the strongly nonlinear system is difficult to apply.Approximate solutions of primary resonance for forced Duffing equation is investigated by means of homotopy analysis method （HAM）.Different from other approximate computational method,the HAM is totally independent of small physical parameters,and thus is suitable for most nonlinear problems.The HAM provides a great freedom to choose base functions of solution series,so that a nonlinear problem may be approximated more effectively.The HAM provides us a simple way to adjust and control the convergence region of the series solution by means of an auxiliary parameter and the auxiliary function.Therefore,HAM not only may solve the weakly non-linear problems but also may be suitable for the strong non-linear problem.Through the approximate solution of forced Duffing equation with cubic non-linearity,the HAM and fourth order Runge-Kutta method of numerical solution were compared,the results show that the HAM not only can solve the steady state solution,but also can calculate the unsteady state solution,and has the good computational accuracy.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.11371287 and 61663043
文摘On the basis of Lie group theory,(1 + N)-dimensional time-fractional partial differential equations are studied and the expression of η_α~0 is given. As applications, two special forms of nonlinear time-fractional diffusionconvection equations are investigated by Lie group analysis method. Then the equations are reduced into fractional ordinary differential equations under group transformations. Therefore, the invariant solutions and some exact solutions are obtained.
文摘There were several techniques determined for the analysis of citrate and citric acid mixtures in the pharmaceutical dosage forms. Titration methods, photometric and ion chromatographic methods were used for their determination. These methods will restrict too many factors where the accurate quantification of citrate and citric acid is extremely challenging. Citric acid is the natural flavor used as a preservative for many pharmaceutical applications. Deformulation techniques used for the manufacturing of generic drugs require authentic data for their regulatory submissions. Simple accurate and reproducible validated method developed for the determination of citric acid and sodium citrate by titration followed by HPLC analysis. Free citric acid was determined by the titration method and total citric acid was determined by HPLC analysis. After subtracting the free citric acid from total citric acid content, citric acid present in the sodium citrate content was determined. Sodium citrate content was determined by applying sodium correction factor to the subtracted value of the citric acid. The results met all the validation parameters and the method was successfully measured the amount of citric acid and sodium citrate in the marketed ophthalmic/oral solutions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21864001,21727812 and 21765001)the Ph.D.Start-up Foundation of East China University of Technology(No.DHBK2020001).
文摘Rapid analysis of metal ions and organic compounds in strong acidic solutions is of sustainable interest in multiple disciplines.However,complicated and time-consuming pretreatments are always required for MS analysis of the compounds in strong acidic solutions.Otherwise,it will result in a weak signal and cause serious damage to the mass spectrometer.Herein,a simple method inherited from nano-ESI MS was developed for rapid analysis of strong acidic solutions.Nanoliter(nL)strong acidic solution was first loaded in the nano-ESI emitter,followed by evaporation to remove the H+and leave the analytes on the wall of the nano-ESI emitter.The evaporation process can be completed within 1 min because of the extremely tiny volume(≤1 nL)of the loaded solution.Then,the dried analytes on the wall of the nano-ESI emitter were redissolved by loading a new solvent,followed by nano-ESI MS analysis.By using this method,metal ions and organic compounds in the strong acidic solution can be detected with low sample consumption(1 nL),high speed(<2 min/sample),high sensitivity(limit of detection=0.2µg/L),and high accuracy(>90%).Proof-of-concept applications of the present method have been successfully achieved for the analysis of gastric juice(pH of the sample=1),monitoring reaction catalyzed by strong acid(pH of the system=0),and micro-area analysis of ores(pH of the extraction solvent=0),showing great application potential in multiple fields.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12122105).
文摘We construct uniform expressions of such dark soliton solutions encompassing both single-valley and double-valley dark solitons for the defocusing coupled Hirota equation with high-order nonlinear effects utilizing the uniform Darboux transformation,in addition to proposing a sufficient condition for the existence of the above dark soliton solutions.Furthermore,the asymptotic analysis we perform reveals that collisions for single-valley dark solitons typically exhibit elastic behavior;however,collisions for double-valley dark solitons are generally inelastic.In light of this,we further propose a sufficient condition for the elastic collisions of double-valley dark soliton solutions.Our results offer valuable insights into the dynamics of dark soliton solutions in the defocusing coupled Hirota equation and can contribute to the advancement of studies in nonlinear optics.
文摘Background:We investigated the procedures used by medical institutions in Guangdong Province for reprocessing ophthalmic surgical instruments and analyzed the problems identified in order to improve the quality of cleaning medical instruments and its management.Methods:The reprocessing of ophthalmic surgical instruments was investigated in 72 hospitals in Guangdong Province using a questionnaire designed for this purpose.Results:Ophthalmic surgical instruments underwent centralized reprocessing in the disinfection and supply centers in 50%of the 72 hospitals.Cataract phacoemulsification surgery was the main ophthalmic surgery performed in 94%of the 72 hospitals.The main reasons for using centralized reprocessing were an insufficient supply of ophthalmic surgical instruments,short turnaround times between surgeries,and the high cost of losing these precise and fragile instruments.Manual processing was the predominant method of reprocessing ophthalmic surgical instruments;enzyme detergents were used in 63.89%of the hospitals;and 48.61%of the hospitals used N-model small pressure-steam sterilizers for the ophthalmic surgical instruments.Conclusions:In order to improve the quality and management of the cleaning of medical instruments,and guarantee high-quality medical care,the following measures are recommended.Centralized management of ophthalmic surgical instruments should be based on the instruments’characteristics.Pay more attention to reprocessing site locations and staff training.Choose detergents based on manufacturers’instructions for use with specific instruments.Increase the number of available ophthalmic instruments in accordance with their demand and select appropriate small pressure-steam sterilizers.
文摘The validation of a simple, sensitive and specific agar diffusion bioassay, applying cylinder-plate method, for the determination of the antibiotic azithromycin in ophthalmic solutions is described. Using a strain of Bacillus subtilis ATCC 9372 as the test organism, azithromycin at concentrations ranging from 50.0 to 200.0 μg·mL -1 could be measured in 1.666 7 mg·mL -1 ophthalmic solutions. A prospective validation of the method showed that the method was linear (r=0.999 9) and precise (RSD=0.70) and accurate (it measured the added quantities). The results obtained by bioassay method could be statistically calculated by linear parallel model and by means of regression analysis and verified using analysis of variance (ANOVA). We conclude that the microbiological assay is satisfactory for quantification of azithromycin in ophthalmic solutions.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.11171041 and 10971018the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province under Grant No.ZR2010AM029+1 种基金the Promotive Research Fund for Young and Middle-Aged Scientists of Shandong Province under Grant No.BS2010SF001the Doctoral Foundation of Binzhou University under Grant No.2009Y01
文摘This paper is concerned with the (2+1)-dimensional Burgers' and heat types of equations.All of the geometic vector fields of the equations are obtained,an optimal system of the equation is presented.Especially,the Bcklund transformations (BTs) for the Burgers' equations are constructed based on the symmetry.Then,all of the symmetry reductions are provided in terms of the optimal system method,and the exact explicit solutions are investigated by the symmetry reductions and Bcklund transformations.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12 071 042)Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 1 202 006)。
文摘Under investigation in this paper is a relativistic Toda lattice system with one perturbation parameterαabbreviated as RTLαsystem by Suris,which may describe the motions of particles in lattices interacting through an exponential interaction force.First of all,an integrable lattice hierarchy associated with an RTLαsystem is constructed,from which some relevant integrable properties such as Hamiltonian structures,Liouville integrability and conservation laws are investigated.Secondly,the discrete generalized(m,2 N-m)-fold Darboux transformation is constructed to derive multi-soliton solutions,higher-order rational and semirational solutions,and their mixed solutions of an RTLαsystem.The soliton elastic interactions and details of rational solutions are analyzed via the graphics and asymptotic analysis.Finally,soliton dynamical evolutions are investigated via numerical simulations,showing that a small noise has very little effect on the soliton propagation.These results may provide new insight into nonlinear lattice dynamics described by RTLαsystem.
文摘A method for determining symbolic and all numerical solutions in design optimization based on monotonicity analysis and solving polynomial systems is presented in this paper. Groebner Bases of the algebraic system equivalent to the subproblem of the design optimization is taken as the symbolic (analytical) expression of the optimum solution for the symbolic optimization, i.e. the problem with symbolic coefficients. A method based on substituting and eliminating for determining Groebner Bases is also proposed, and method for finding all numerical optimum solutions is discussed. Finally an example is given, demonstrating the strategy and efficiency of the method.
文摘There is no question that Computer Assisted Language Learning(CALL) has been a feature of teaching and learning in college.CALL plays a significant role in second language teaching.This article will focus on an overview of three different types of roles of CALL to demonstrate its application in Chinese college English teaching.
基金Project supported by the Ministry of Minority Affairs through UGC,Government of India(No.F1-17.1/2010/MANF-CHR-ORI-1839)the Industrial Consultancy,IIT Kharagpur(No.IIT/SRIC/ISIRD/2013-14)
文摘In the present paper, Lie group symmetry method is used to obtain some exact solutions for a hyperbolic system of partial differential equations （PDEs）, which governs an isothermal no-slip drift-flux model for multiphase flow problem. Those sym- metries are used for the governing system of equations to obtain infinitesimal transforma- tions, which consequently reduces the governing system of PDEs to a system of ODEs. Further, the solutions of the system of ODEs which in turn produces some exact solutions for the PDEs are presented. Finally, the evolutionary behavior of weak discontinuity is discussed.
