39 soil samples surrounding a lead-zinc mining area in Guangxi were collected,and the contents of Pb,Hg,Cd,Cr,As,Cu,Zn,and Ni were determined to investigate the pollution characteristics and sources of heavy metals.Ar...39 soil samples surrounding a lead-zinc mining area in Guangxi were collected,and the contents of Pb,Hg,Cd,Cr,As,Cu,Zn,and Ni were determined to investigate the pollution characteristics and sources of heavy metals.ArcGIS inverse distance weight difference method was used to analyze the characteristics of pollution distribution,and single-factor pollution index,Nemerow comprehensive pollution index,ground accumulation index,and potential ecological risk index were selected to evaluate the characteristics of heavy metal pollution.Based on correlation analysis,the absolute principal component-multiple linear regression(APCS-MLR)and positive definite matrix factorization(PMF)models were used to analyze the sources of soil heavy metals.The results showed that the average concentrations of all eight heavy metals exceeded both national and Guangxi soil background values.Hg,Cd,and Zn exhibited high variation(greater than 0.5),indicating significant external disturbances,and their spatial distribution was closely related to mining activity locations.The single-factor pollution index evaluation indicated varying degrees of pollution risk for Cd,Zn,and As,with Cd and Zn being the most severe pollutants,as 69.23%and 30.77%of the samples fell into the moderate pollution or higher category.The geoaccumulation index analysis ranked the mean pollution levels of the eight elements as follows:Zn>Cd>Ni>Pb>Cu>Cr>Hg>As,with Cd and Zn showing the most severe contamination,and 51.28%of the samples exhibiting moderate or higher pollution levels.The Nemerow comprehensive pollution index evaluation showed that 74.35%of soil samples were classified as moderate to heavy pollution.The potential ecological risk index assessment indicated significant ecological risks posed by Cd and Zn,with 82.05%and 5.12%of the samples classified as causing strong to extreme ecological risks,respectively.The source apportionment analysis revealed minor differences between the two models.The APCS-MLR model identified three pollution sources and their contribution rates:anthropogenic mining sources(31.13%),parent material sources(40.38%),and unidentified sources(28.49%).The PMF model identified three pollution sources with contribution rates of anthropogenic mining sources(26.10%),parent material sources(46.96%),and a combined traffic and agricultural source(26.61%).Pb,Hg,Cd,and Zn mainly originated from mining activities;Cr,As,and Ni were primarily derived from the parent material,while Cu was predominantly attributed to traffic and agricultural sources.These findings provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in mining areas.展开更多
Suitability evaluation plays an important role in land reclamation because the choice of evaluation methods affects the accuracy and objectivity of the suitability evaluation results.Furthermore,it influences the deci...Suitability evaluation plays an important role in land reclamation because the choice of evaluation methods affects the accuracy and objectivity of the suitability evaluation results.Furthermore,it influences the decision-making related to land reclamation.An improved method,which is called limit comprehensive conditions method,was developed after different suitability evaluation methods were studied.Based on this method,the reclaimed land of the Gaoqiao bauxite mining area was evaluated.The Gaoqiao mining area was divided into seven evaluation units that were evaluated respectively by selecting evaluation factors and establishing grade standards.The results show that the proposed method is more applicable and easier to handle.Moreover,its evaluation results are more scientific compared with the traditional evaluation methods.The improved method can be beneficial to the rapid monitoring and the effective management of reclaimed land in the opencast mine area.展开更多
To identify the root causes of heavy metal contamination in soils as well as prevent and control such contamination from its sources,this study explored the accumulation patterns and ecological risks of heavy metals l...To identify the root causes of heavy metal contamination in soils as well as prevent and control such contamination from its sources,this study explored the accumulation patterns and ecological risks of heavy metals like Cd and Pb in solid waste in mining areas and across the water body,sediment,soil and agricultural product ecosystem surrounding the mining areas.Focusing on the residual solid waste samples in lead-zinc deposits in a certain area of Guizhou Province,along with samples of topsoils,irrigation water,river sediments,and crops from surrounding areas.This study analyzed the distributions of eight heavy metals,i.e.,Cd,As,Cr,Hg,Pb,Zn,Cu,and Ni,in the samples through field surveys and sample tests.Furthermore,this study assessed the contamination levels and ecological risks of heavy metals in soils,sediments,and agricultural products using methods such as the single-factor index,Nemerow composite index,and potential ecological risk assessment.The results indicate that heavy metals in the solid waste samples all exhibited concentrations exceeding their risk screening values,with 60%greater than their risk intervention values.The soils and sediments demonstrate slight and moderate comprehensive ecological risks of heavy metals.The single-factor potential ecological risks of heavy metals in both the soil and sediment samples decreased in the order of Hg,Cd,Pb,As,Cu,Zn,Cr,and Ni,suggesting the same sources of heavy metals in the soils and sediments.Most of the agricultural product samples exhibited over-limit concentrations of heavy metals dominated by Cd,Pb,Ni,and Cr,excluding Hg and As.The agricultural product assessment using the Nemerow composite index reveals that 35%of the agricultural product samples reached the heavy metal contamination level,implying that the agricultural products from farmland around the solid waste dumps have been contaminated with heavy metals.The eight heavy metals in the soil,sediment,and agricultural product samples manifested high coefficients of variation(CVs),indicating pronounced spatial variability.This suggests that their concentrations in soils,sediments,and agricultural products are significantly influenced by human mining activities.Additionally,the agricultural products exhibit strong transport and accumulation capacities for Cd,Cu,and Zn.展开更多
The advancement of intelligent mining in open-pit operations has imposed higher demands on geological transparency,aiming to provide a robust foundation for intelligent drilling and charging.In this study,a linear arr...The advancement of intelligent mining in open-pit operations has imposed higher demands on geological transparency,aiming to provide a robust foundation for intelligent drilling and charging.In this study,a linear array of 120 nodal seismometers was deployed along the surfaces of the C8 and C9 platforms at Fenghuang Mountain to investigate cavities within the rock mass and prevent improper intelligent charging.The seismometers were 1 m apart along measurement lines,with a 2-m spacing between lines,and the monitoring time for each line was set at 2 h.This deployment was paired with spatial autocorrelation and station autocorrelation to analyze ambient noise seismic data and image the velocity and structure within the rock mass.The results demonstrate that the locations and sizes of cavities or loose structures can be accurately identified at the prepared excavation site.Compared with traditional geological exploration methods for openpit mines,the approach in this study off ers higher accuracy,greater efficiency,reduced labor intensity,and insensitivity to water conditions.Ambient noise seismic imaging for detecting adverse geological conditions in open-pit mines provides critical insights and references for intelligent mining advancements.展开更多
Resilience,both as a conceptual perspective and an analytical framework,has increasingly garnered interest for its utility in examining the dynamic interactions between human societies and natural ecosystems.This appr...Resilience,both as a conceptual perspective and an analytical framework,has increasingly garnered interest for its utility in examining the dynamic interactions between human societies and natural ecosystems.This approach has emerged as a pivotal tool for exploring human-land relationships,spurring notable developments in corresponding models and methodologies.Mining areas,characterized by intense human activity disturbance,serve as typical environments for the application of social and ecological resilience.This paper delineates the core concepts,research framework,and assessment methods of social and ecological resilience in mining area(SERMA),and provide a comprehensive overview of the principal applications,limitations,proposed enhancements,and future development of SERMA from conceptual,theoretical,and practical standpoints.SERMA studies encompassing various domains,including assessment,mechanism,dynamic change,prediction,determinants,and management guidance.Nonetheless,the current research on SERMA confronts several challenges.Firstly,the absence of a standardized framework for evaluating resilience studies using comprehensive indicators makes it challenging to compare them.Secondly,there is a paucity of large-scale and long-term SERMA studies.Thirdly,insufcient analysis of the mechanisms such as resilience thresholds and regime shift,and corresponding empirical research.The study of SERMA involves theory of resilience,a critical examination of mining and reclamation processes,as well as related ecological and socio-economic processes.Future advances in resilience and social-ecological system(SES)research,such as the quantitative study of resilience mechanisms,are expected to gradually be applied to mining systems.展开更多
To address the critical gap in linking multi-compartmental transfer with risks of trace metals(Cd,Pb,As,Cr,Ni)in mining environments.This study systematically investigated the trans-media migration of Cd,Pb,As,Cr,and ...To address the critical gap in linking multi-compartmental transfer with risks of trace metals(Cd,Pb,As,Cr,Ni)in mining environments.This study systematically investigated the trans-media migration of Cd,Pb,As,Cr,and Ni in China’s Dexing copper mining district through paired sampling of water-amphibians,soil-earthworms,and air-lichens.Advanced methodologies were employed,including ICP-MS quantification for heavy metals,geochemical indices(Igeo,BCF,BAF)to assess bioavailability,NMDS for source apportionment,and HPLC to detect DNA methylation alterations.Aquatic systems exhibited severe Cd/Pb enrichment(16.25-24.42μg/L;11-15×WHO limits),while agricultural soils showed extreme Cd contamination(1.5 mg/kg;15×background).Biota displayed metal-specific accumulation:frogs achieved BCFs>1,000 for Pb/Cd,earthworms showed pH-modulated BAFs>2.5 for Cd/As,and lichens recorded 100-1,000×atmospheric Cr enrichment.NMDS resolved three contamination pathways:mining-derived Cd/Pb/As(MDS1=2.56),atmospheric Cr(PC2=1.84),and geogenic Ni.Cd dominated ecological risks(Eri=554.25;RI 300),while atmospheric Cr drove carcinogenic risks(TCR=4.11×10^(-5))exceeding safety thresholds.The source-media-biota-risk framework pioneers the integration of geochemical transport with epigenetic toxicity biomarkers,demonstrating that sub-lethal Cd/Pb exposure induces genome-wide DNA hypomethylation(2.4%-6.6%reduction;ρ=−0.71 to−0.91).This paradigm shift prioritizes bioavailability-informed regulations over concentration-based metrics,offering actionable strategies for sustainable development goals-aligned mining pollution control.展开更多
1.Objective,The Luang Prabang(Laos)-Loei(Thailand)metallogenetic belt,located along the northwestern margin of the Indochina Block(Fig.1a)and endowed nearly 200 t of gold and more than 106 t of copper,is one of the mo...1.Objective,The Luang Prabang(Laos)-Loei(Thailand)metallogenetic belt,located along the northwestern margin of the Indochina Block(Fig.1a)and endowed nearly 200 t of gold and more than 106 t of copper,is one of the most important gold-copper metallogenic belts in Indo-China Peninsula.It has undergone tectonic changes during the Early Paleozoic to Mesozoic Proto-Paleo Tethys tectonic evolution,recorded by the Luang Prabang tectonic belt,the Nan-Uttaradit suture,and the Dien Bien Phu-Loei suture.展开更多
[Objective] The study aimed to discuss the effects of coal mining subsided water area on temperature change in Huaibei coal mine. [Method] Based on the data of monthly temperature from 1957 to 2007 recorded by Suixi ...[Objective] The study aimed to discuss the effects of coal mining subsided water area on temperature change in Huaibei coal mine. [Method] Based on the data of monthly temperature from 1957 to 2007 recorded by Suixi （coal mining subsided water area） and Fuyang stations （control）, the effects of coal mining subsided water area on temperature change in Huaibei coal mine were discussed using linear trend estimation and comparative analysis methods. [Result] Spring, autumn, winter and annual average temperatures of coal mining subsided water area （Suixi） were increased in the last 51 years, and the increase of winter temperature was mostly significant with a tendency rate of 0.49 ℃/10 a. Meanwhile, annual temperature range of coal mining subsided water area was decreased from 1957 to 2007. Temperatures of Suixi in four seasons were lower than those of Fuyang from the 1960s to 1990s, and temperatures of coal mining subsided water area （Suixi） were higher than those of Fuyang in spring, autumn and winter but lower than those of Fuyang in summer from 2000 to 2007. [ Result] Coal mining subsided water area had certain effects on temperature change of Huaibei coal mine.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to study on in-situ elimination effect on heavy metals in soil of the mining area by ramie （Boehmeria nivea （L.） Gaud.）. [Methods] Based on Xiangzhu No.3 and Zhongzhu No.1, we conducted res...[Objective] The aim was to study on in-situ elimination effect on heavy metals in soil of the mining area by ramie （Boehmeria nivea （L.） Gaud.）. [Methods] Based on Xiangzhu No.3 and Zhongzhu No.1, we conducted research on heavy metals contents of plants growing in soil of Qibao Mountain orefield in Liuyang, Hunan Province, and on characteristics of enrichment and transfer of heavy metals （Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn） under influence of the two ramie species. [Result] It was concluded that trend of Cu content in different parts of ramie was as follows： rootskinleafbone; trend of Pb was rootleafskinbone; trend of Cd was rootskinboneleaf; the trend of Zn was rootskinboneleaf. In farmland A （with low content of heavy metal）, for per square meter of plough horizon, effect of Zhong 1 on heavy metals transferring volume and the period for restoration of the soil into national standard one （Category Ⅲ of Environmental Quality Standard for Soil） have been concluded. Specifically, for Cu, the corresponding values were 3 404.44 mg and 8.59 y, respectively; for Pb, the values were 3 638.5 mg and 13.52 y; for Cd, the values were 720.48 mg and 1.49 y; for Zn, the values were 37 324.8 mg and 0.67 y. [Conclusion] Soil contaminated by Cu, Pb, Cd, and Zn in orefield can be rapidly restored by growing ramie.展开更多
The failure characteristic of talus-derived rock mass continues to challenge quantitative hazard assessments in open-pit mining. Physical model test was used to assess the failure modes and mechanisms on talus-derived...The failure characteristic of talus-derived rock mass continues to challenge quantitative hazard assessments in open-pit mining. Physical model test was used to assess the failure modes and mechanisms on talus-derived rock mass. The different types of failure modes of the talus-derived rock mass were introduced and a possible failure mechanism relation between the failure zone and the structure of the talus-derived rock mass was also shown. The physical model test results indicate that the rainfall has significant influence on the stability and failure modes of talus-derived rock mass during open-pit mining. The development of the seepage area caused by rainfall initiates the localized failure in that particular area, and the initiation of localized instability is mainly induced by stress changes concentrated in the seepage area.展开更多
Firstly, the concept, sources and damage of atmospheric deposition were introduced, and then the relation between atmospheric deposition and accumulation of heavy metals in rice in Guangxi was analyzed to provide refe...Firstly, the concept, sources and damage of atmospheric deposition were introduced, and then the relation between atmospheric deposition and accumulation of heavy metals in rice in Guangxi was analyzed to provide reference for the implementation of effective risk early warning of pollution from heavy metal deposition and safe production of rice in mining areas of Guangxi.展开更多
Taking landscape design of the former area in Wangfenggang coal mine of Anhui Huainan as an example,the whole thinking and specific implementations were discussed from aspects including scenic spot planning,plant land...Taking landscape design of the former area in Wangfenggang coal mine of Anhui Huainan as an example,the whole thinking and specific implementations were discussed from aspects including scenic spot planning,plant landscape and characteristics of scenic spots,and created landscape in mining areas,squares and residential districts by combining section peculiarity,old building characteristics and circumstance in the landscape design of mining areas,which aimed to realize sustainable development of landscape in mining areas.展开更多
Rice paddy soil is recognized as the hotspot of mercury（Hg） methylation, which is mainly a biotic process mediated by many abiotic factors. In this study, effects of key soil properties on the production and bioaccu...Rice paddy soil is recognized as the hotspot of mercury（Hg） methylation, which is mainly a biotic process mediated by many abiotic factors. In this study, effects of key soil properties on the production and bioaccumulation of Hg and methylmercury（MeHg） in Hg-contaminated rice paddies were investigated. Rice and soil samples were collected from the active Hg smelting site and abandoned Hg mining sites（a total of 124 paddy fields） in the Wanshan Mercury Mine, China. Total Hg（THg） and MeHg in soils and rice grains, together with sulfur（S）,selenium（Se）, organic matter（OM）, nitrogen（N）, phosphorus（P）, mineral compositions（e.g., SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3） and pH in soils were quantified. The results showed that long-term Hg mining activities had resulted in THg and MeHg contaminations in soil-rice system. The newly-deposited atmospheric Hg was more readily methylated relative to the native Hg already in soils, which could be responsible for the elevated MeHg levels in soils and rice grains around the active artificial Hg smelting site. The MeHg concentrations in soils and rice grains showed a significantly negative relationship with soil N/Hg, S/Hg and OM/Hg ratio possibly due to the formation of low-bioavailability Hg–S（N）–OM complexes in rhizosphere. The Hg–Se antagonism undoubtedly occurred in soil-rice system, while its role in bioaccumulation of MeHg in the MeHg-contaminated rice paddies was minor. However, other soil properties showed less influence on the production and bioaccumulation of MeHg in rice paddies located at the Wanshan Mercury Mine zone.展开更多
With the emergence and development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), different sensors have become more miniaturized and intelligent. UAVs equipped with various sensors are now an important approach for acquiring sp...With the emergence and development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), different sensors have become more miniaturized and intelligent. UAVs equipped with various sensors are now an important approach for acquiring spatial data. Many advantages, such as low cost, short revisiting cycle, flexibility and high precision, have made UAVs powerful tools in geological, agricultural, ecological and forestry growth monitoring, as well as evaluation. Now, UAVs are a hotspot in scientific research. Their application in mining areas (MA), although still in its infancy, is developing rapidly in terms of speed, scale and service scope. This research examines aspects such as UAV platforms, different sensors and their application fields, as well as reviewing the advances of scientific research in MA at the present time. By combining current research and the functions of multiple sensors, an application framework for UAV monitoring in MA is constructed. Finally, the challenge and prospects for the development of UAVs and sensors are also considered. This research hopes to provide a technical reference, expanding the knowledge and recognition of UAV monitoring in MA, as well as an assessment of applications in mining, reclamation and environment.展开更多
Based on the production data of a large number of surface drainage wells in the Huainan mining area,the present study shows that four types of typical production characteristics for relieved methane wells are recogniz...Based on the production data of a large number of surface drainage wells in the Huainan mining area,the present study shows that four types of typical production characteristics for relieved methane wells are recognized,of which the stable type for production and gas concentration is the most dominate,as determined by a comprehensive study on the volume and concentration of drained gases, as well as the stress changes of rocks influenced by mining.Some influence factors for the productive differences of the drainage wells were also been discussed.The results indicate that protective coal-seam mining has a significant effect on overlying strata,which promotes the development of pores and fractures of coal reservoirs for methane desorption and migration;however,the production and the stability of drainage wells are affected by deformation and damage of the overlying strata.The second distribution of strata stress is caused by mining engineering,and if the stress load is larger than the carrying capacity of the extraction well,the gas production would be influenced by the drainage well that has been damaged by rock movement.Furthermore,the case damage occurs first in the weak, lithologic interface by its special mechanical properties.The stability of drainage wells and the production status are also influenced by the different drilling techniques,uneven distribution of gas concentration,and combination of gob gas and methane from the protected layer.展开更多
Total concentrations of arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury, nickel, chromium, and copper in the soils from near a coal mine area in southwest Guizhou, China, were measured to evaluate the level of contamination, and the ...Total concentrations of arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury, nickel, chromium, and copper in the soils from near a coal mine area in southwest Guizhou, China, were measured to evaluate the level of contamination, and the potential ecological risks posed by the heavy metals were quantitatively estimated. Results reveal that all heavy metals/metalloid exceeded the background values for soil environmental quality of heavy metals in Guizhou area. Geo-accumulation index(I_(geo)) showed that arsenic had the highest contamination level(I_(geo)=4) among the seven heavy metals/metalloid, and the contamination levels of mercury and lead were also relatively high(I_(geo)=3). Pearson correlation and cluster analysis identified that mercury, copper and arsenic had a relationship, and their presence might be mainly related to mining activity, coal and oil combustion, and vehicle emissions. Improved Nemerow index indicated that the overall level of heavy metal contamination in the studied area ranged from moderately–heavily contaminated to heavily contaminated level. Potential ecological risk index(R_I) analysis manifested that the whole ecological risk level ranged from high degree to very high degree(325.30≤R_I≤801.02) in the studied soil samples, and the potential ecological risk factors (E_r^i) of heavy metals/metalloid were as follows: Hg > As > Cd > Pb > Cu > Ni > Cr, and the E_r^i of Hg and As reached very high risk grade.展开更多
To assess the potential ecological and health risks of trace elements(Hg,Cd,As,Mn,Sb,Pb,Cu,Ni,Cr,and Zn),a total of 138 soil samples from rice paddies were collected during the rice harvest season in the Wanshan minin...To assess the potential ecological and health risks of trace elements(Hg,Cd,As,Mn,Sb,Pb,Cu,Ni,Cr,and Zn),a total of 138 soil samples from rice paddies were collected during the rice harvest season in the Wanshan mining area,Guizhou Province,Southwest China.Factors of the pollution load index(PLI),geo-accumulation index(I-Geo),enrichment factor(EF),and risk index(RI)were determined.High concentrations of Hg,Sb,As,Zn,Cd,Cu,and Mn were observed in the soils.The PLI,I-Geo,and EF results all showed high levels of contamination by Hg and Sb and moderate levels of contamination by As,Pb,Zn,Cu,Cd,and Mn.There was no significant contamination from Ni and Cr.The RI was very high,with Hg as the dominant pollutant,as expected,indicating that the historical large-scale Hg mining,as well as artisanal mining,has had a significant impact on the Wanshan area.Moreover,coal combustion,manganese factories,and the use of agrochemicals by the local population could also have an impact on the soil through the introduction of heavy metal loads.To address the current state of contamination,pollutant remediation and the regulation control of the anthropogenic activities in Wanshan are urgently needed.展开更多
Based on engineering tests in the Huainan coal mining area,we studied alternative well location to improve the performance of surface wells for remote pressure relief of coalbed methane in mining areas.The key factors...Based on engineering tests in the Huainan coal mining area,we studied alternative well location to improve the performance of surface wells for remote pressure relief of coalbed methane in mining areas.The key factors,affecting location and well gas production were analyzed by simulation tests for similar material.The exploitation results indicate that wells located in various positions on panels could achieve relatively better gas production in regions with thin Cenozoic layers,low mining heights and slow rate of longwall advancement,but their periods of gas production lasted less than 230 days,as opposed to wells in regions with thick Cenozoic layers,greater mining heights and fast rates of longwall advancement.Wells near panel margins achieved relatively better gas production and lasted longer than centerline wells.The rules of development of mining fractures in strata over panels control gas production of surface wells.Mining fractures located in areas determined by lines of compaction and the effect of mining are well developed and can be maintained for long periods of time.Placing the well at the end of panels and on the updip return airway side of panels,determined by lines of compaction and the effect of mining,would result in surface wells for remote pressure relief CBM obtaining their longest gas production periods and highest cumulative gas production.展开更多
The retained coal in the end slope of an open-pit mine can be mined by the highwall mining techniques.However,the instability mechanism of the reserved rib pillar under dynamic loads of mining haul trucks and static l...The retained coal in the end slope of an open-pit mine can be mined by the highwall mining techniques.However,the instability mechanism of the reserved rib pillar under dynamic loads of mining haul trucks and static loads of the overlying strata is not clear,which restricts the safe and efcient application of highwall mining.In this study,the load-bearing model of the rib pillar in highwall mining was established,the cusp catastrophe theory and the safety coefcient of the rib pillar were considered,and the criterion equations of the rib pillar stability were proposed.Based on the limit equilibrium theory,the limit stress of the rib pillar was analyzed,and the calculation equations of plastic zone width of the rib pillar in highwall mining were obtained.Based on the Winkler foundation beam theory,the elastic foundation beam model composed of the rib pillar and roof under the highwall mining was established,and the calculation equations for the compression of the rib pillar under dynamic and static loads were developed.The results showed that with the increase of the rib pillar width,the total compression of the rib pillar under dynamic and static loads decreases nonlinearly,and the compression of the rib pillar caused by static loads of the overlying strata and trucks has a decisive role.Numerical simulation and theoretical calculation were also performed in this study.In the numerical simulation,the coal seam with a buried depth of 122 m and a thickness of 3 m is mined by highwall mining techniques.According to the established rib pillar instability model of the highwall mining system,it is found that when the mining opening width is 3 m,the reasonable width of the rib pillar is at least 1.3 m,and the safety factor of the rib pillar is 1.3.The numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the results of theoretical calculation,which verifes the feasibility of the theoretical analysis of the rib pillar stability.This research provides a reference for the stability analysis of rib pillars under highwall mining.展开更多
文摘39 soil samples surrounding a lead-zinc mining area in Guangxi were collected,and the contents of Pb,Hg,Cd,Cr,As,Cu,Zn,and Ni were determined to investigate the pollution characteristics and sources of heavy metals.ArcGIS inverse distance weight difference method was used to analyze the characteristics of pollution distribution,and single-factor pollution index,Nemerow comprehensive pollution index,ground accumulation index,and potential ecological risk index were selected to evaluate the characteristics of heavy metal pollution.Based on correlation analysis,the absolute principal component-multiple linear regression(APCS-MLR)and positive definite matrix factorization(PMF)models were used to analyze the sources of soil heavy metals.The results showed that the average concentrations of all eight heavy metals exceeded both national and Guangxi soil background values.Hg,Cd,and Zn exhibited high variation(greater than 0.5),indicating significant external disturbances,and their spatial distribution was closely related to mining activity locations.The single-factor pollution index evaluation indicated varying degrees of pollution risk for Cd,Zn,and As,with Cd and Zn being the most severe pollutants,as 69.23%and 30.77%of the samples fell into the moderate pollution or higher category.The geoaccumulation index analysis ranked the mean pollution levels of the eight elements as follows:Zn>Cd>Ni>Pb>Cu>Cr>Hg>As,with Cd and Zn showing the most severe contamination,and 51.28%of the samples exhibiting moderate or higher pollution levels.The Nemerow comprehensive pollution index evaluation showed that 74.35%of soil samples were classified as moderate to heavy pollution.The potential ecological risk index assessment indicated significant ecological risks posed by Cd and Zn,with 82.05%and 5.12%of the samples classified as causing strong to extreme ecological risks,respectively.The source apportionment analysis revealed minor differences between the two models.The APCS-MLR model identified three pollution sources and their contribution rates:anthropogenic mining sources(31.13%),parent material sources(40.38%),and unidentified sources(28.49%).The PMF model identified three pollution sources with contribution rates of anthropogenic mining sources(26.10%),parent material sources(46.96%),and a combined traffic and agricultural source(26.61%).Pb,Hg,Cd,and Zn mainly originated from mining activities;Cr,As,and Ni were primarily derived from the parent material,while Cu was predominantly attributed to traffic and agricultural sources.These findings provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in mining areas.
基金Project(40901217)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Suitability evaluation plays an important role in land reclamation because the choice of evaluation methods affects the accuracy and objectivity of the suitability evaluation results.Furthermore,it influences the decision-making related to land reclamation.An improved method,which is called limit comprehensive conditions method,was developed after different suitability evaluation methods were studied.Based on this method,the reclaimed land of the Gaoqiao bauxite mining area was evaluated.The Gaoqiao mining area was divided into seven evaluation units that were evaluated respectively by selecting evaluation factors and establishing grade standards.The results show that the proposed method is more applicable and easier to handle.Moreover,its evaluation results are more scientific compared with the traditional evaluation methods.The improved method can be beneficial to the rapid monitoring and the effective management of reclaimed land in the opencast mine area.
文摘To identify the root causes of heavy metal contamination in soils as well as prevent and control such contamination from its sources,this study explored the accumulation patterns and ecological risks of heavy metals like Cd and Pb in solid waste in mining areas and across the water body,sediment,soil and agricultural product ecosystem surrounding the mining areas.Focusing on the residual solid waste samples in lead-zinc deposits in a certain area of Guizhou Province,along with samples of topsoils,irrigation water,river sediments,and crops from surrounding areas.This study analyzed the distributions of eight heavy metals,i.e.,Cd,As,Cr,Hg,Pb,Zn,Cu,and Ni,in the samples through field surveys and sample tests.Furthermore,this study assessed the contamination levels and ecological risks of heavy metals in soils,sediments,and agricultural products using methods such as the single-factor index,Nemerow composite index,and potential ecological risk assessment.The results indicate that heavy metals in the solid waste samples all exhibited concentrations exceeding their risk screening values,with 60%greater than their risk intervention values.The soils and sediments demonstrate slight and moderate comprehensive ecological risks of heavy metals.The single-factor potential ecological risks of heavy metals in both the soil and sediment samples decreased in the order of Hg,Cd,Pb,As,Cu,Zn,Cr,and Ni,suggesting the same sources of heavy metals in the soils and sediments.Most of the agricultural product samples exhibited over-limit concentrations of heavy metals dominated by Cd,Pb,Ni,and Cr,excluding Hg and As.The agricultural product assessment using the Nemerow composite index reveals that 35%of the agricultural product samples reached the heavy metal contamination level,implying that the agricultural products from farmland around the solid waste dumps have been contaminated with heavy metals.The eight heavy metals in the soil,sediment,and agricultural product samples manifested high coefficients of variation(CVs),indicating pronounced spatial variability.This suggests that their concentrations in soils,sediments,and agricultural products are significantly influenced by human mining activities.Additionally,the agricultural products exhibit strong transport and accumulation capacities for Cd,Cu,and Zn.
基金National science and technology signifi cant special(No.2024ZD1003406)Natural Science Research Project of Colleges and Universities in Anhui Province(No.2024AH050374)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52274071).
文摘The advancement of intelligent mining in open-pit operations has imposed higher demands on geological transparency,aiming to provide a robust foundation for intelligent drilling and charging.In this study,a linear array of 120 nodal seismometers was deployed along the surfaces of the C8 and C9 platforms at Fenghuang Mountain to investigate cavities within the rock mass and prevent improper intelligent charging.The seismometers were 1 m apart along measurement lines,with a 2-m spacing between lines,and the monitoring time for each line was set at 2 h.This deployment was paired with spatial autocorrelation and station autocorrelation to analyze ambient noise seismic data and image the velocity and structure within the rock mass.The results demonstrate that the locations and sizes of cavities or loose structures can be accurately identified at the prepared excavation site.Compared with traditional geological exploration methods for openpit mines,the approach in this study off ers higher accuracy,greater efficiency,reduced labor intensity,and insensitivity to water conditions.Ambient noise seismic imaging for detecting adverse geological conditions in open-pit mines provides critical insights and references for intelligent mining advancements.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2023YFE0122300).
文摘Resilience,both as a conceptual perspective and an analytical framework,has increasingly garnered interest for its utility in examining the dynamic interactions between human societies and natural ecosystems.This approach has emerged as a pivotal tool for exploring human-land relationships,spurring notable developments in corresponding models and methodologies.Mining areas,characterized by intense human activity disturbance,serve as typical environments for the application of social and ecological resilience.This paper delineates the core concepts,research framework,and assessment methods of social and ecological resilience in mining area(SERMA),and provide a comprehensive overview of the principal applications,limitations,proposed enhancements,and future development of SERMA from conceptual,theoretical,and practical standpoints.SERMA studies encompassing various domains,including assessment,mechanism,dynamic change,prediction,determinants,and management guidance.Nonetheless,the current research on SERMA confronts several challenges.Firstly,the absence of a standardized framework for evaluating resilience studies using comprehensive indicators makes it challenging to compare them.Secondly,there is a paucity of large-scale and long-term SERMA studies.Thirdly,insufcient analysis of the mechanisms such as resilience thresholds and regime shift,and corresponding empirical research.The study of SERMA involves theory of resilience,a critical examination of mining and reclamation processes,as well as related ecological and socio-economic processes.Future advances in resilience and social-ecological system(SES)research,such as the quantitative study of resilience mechanisms,are expected to gradually be applied to mining systems.
基金financially supported by the Fundation of Key Laboratory of Ministry of Natural Resources for Eco-geochemistry (ZSDHJJ202202)Geological Investigation and Evaluation of Shale Gas in Complex Structural Areas of the Middle Yangtze plate(DD20250200604) of China Geological Survey+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(2023A1515140061)the Dongguan Science and Technology of Social Development Program(20231800935842, 20231800940562).
文摘To address the critical gap in linking multi-compartmental transfer with risks of trace metals(Cd,Pb,As,Cr,Ni)in mining environments.This study systematically investigated the trans-media migration of Cd,Pb,As,Cr,and Ni in China’s Dexing copper mining district through paired sampling of water-amphibians,soil-earthworms,and air-lichens.Advanced methodologies were employed,including ICP-MS quantification for heavy metals,geochemical indices(Igeo,BCF,BAF)to assess bioavailability,NMDS for source apportionment,and HPLC to detect DNA methylation alterations.Aquatic systems exhibited severe Cd/Pb enrichment(16.25-24.42μg/L;11-15×WHO limits),while agricultural soils showed extreme Cd contamination(1.5 mg/kg;15×background).Biota displayed metal-specific accumulation:frogs achieved BCFs>1,000 for Pb/Cd,earthworms showed pH-modulated BAFs>2.5 for Cd/As,and lichens recorded 100-1,000×atmospheric Cr enrichment.NMDS resolved three contamination pathways:mining-derived Cd/Pb/As(MDS1=2.56),atmospheric Cr(PC2=1.84),and geogenic Ni.Cd dominated ecological risks(Eri=554.25;RI 300),while atmospheric Cr drove carcinogenic risks(TCR=4.11×10^(-5))exceeding safety thresholds.The source-media-biota-risk framework pioneers the integration of geochemical transport with epigenetic toxicity biomarkers,demonstrating that sub-lethal Cd/Pb exposure induces genome-wide DNA hypomethylation(2.4%-6.6%reduction;ρ=−0.71 to−0.91).This paradigm shift prioritizes bioavailability-informed regulations over concentration-based metrics,offering actionable strategies for sustainable development goals-aligned mining pollution control.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42102113)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFC2901803)+1 种基金the China Geological Survey Project(Grant No.DD20230579)China Scholarship Council(File No.202108575008).
文摘1.Objective,The Luang Prabang(Laos)-Loei(Thailand)metallogenetic belt,located along the northwestern margin of the Indochina Block(Fig.1a)and endowed nearly 200 t of gold and more than 106 t of copper,is one of the most important gold-copper metallogenic belts in Indo-China Peninsula.It has undergone tectonic changes during the Early Paleozoic to Mesozoic Proto-Paleo Tethys tectonic evolution,recorded by the Luang Prabang tectonic belt,the Nan-Uttaradit suture,and the Dien Bien Phu-Loei suture.
基金Supported by the Key Project of Provincial Natural Science Research for Colleges and Universities in Anhui Province, China ( KJ2013A244)
文摘[Objective] The study aimed to discuss the effects of coal mining subsided water area on temperature change in Huaibei coal mine. [Method] Based on the data of monthly temperature from 1957 to 2007 recorded by Suixi （coal mining subsided water area） and Fuyang stations （control）, the effects of coal mining subsided water area on temperature change in Huaibei coal mine were discussed using linear trend estimation and comparative analysis methods. [Result] Spring, autumn, winter and annual average temperatures of coal mining subsided water area （Suixi） were increased in the last 51 years, and the increase of winter temperature was mostly significant with a tendency rate of 0.49 ℃/10 a. Meanwhile, annual temperature range of coal mining subsided water area was decreased from 1957 to 2007. Temperatures of Suixi in four seasons were lower than those of Fuyang from the 1960s to 1990s, and temperatures of coal mining subsided water area （Suixi） were higher than those of Fuyang in spring, autumn and winter but lower than those of Fuyang in summer from 2000 to 2007. [ Result] Coal mining subsided water area had certain effects on temperature change of Huaibei coal mine.
基金Supported by National Programs for High Technology Research and Development of China(2007AA061001)Talent Introduction Project Supported by Hunan Agricultural University Project(07YT03)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to study on in-situ elimination effect on heavy metals in soil of the mining area by ramie （Boehmeria nivea （L.） Gaud.）. [Methods] Based on Xiangzhu No.3 and Zhongzhu No.1, we conducted research on heavy metals contents of plants growing in soil of Qibao Mountain orefield in Liuyang, Hunan Province, and on characteristics of enrichment and transfer of heavy metals （Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn） under influence of the two ramie species. [Result] It was concluded that trend of Cu content in different parts of ramie was as follows： rootskinleafbone; trend of Pb was rootleafskinbone; trend of Cd was rootskinboneleaf; the trend of Zn was rootskinboneleaf. In farmland A （with low content of heavy metal）, for per square meter of plough horizon, effect of Zhong 1 on heavy metals transferring volume and the period for restoration of the soil into national standard one （Category Ⅲ of Environmental Quality Standard for Soil） have been concluded. Specifically, for Cu, the corresponding values were 3 404.44 mg and 8.59 y, respectively; for Pb, the values were 3 638.5 mg and 13.52 y; for Cd, the values were 720.48 mg and 1.49 y; for Zn, the values were 37 324.8 mg and 0.67 y. [Conclusion] Soil contaminated by Cu, Pb, Cd, and Zn in orefield can be rapidly restored by growing ramie.
基金Project (41202220) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject (2-9-2012-65) supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, ChinaProject (20120022120003) supported by the Ph.D Program Foundation of Ministry of Education of China
文摘The failure characteristic of talus-derived rock mass continues to challenge quantitative hazard assessments in open-pit mining. Physical model test was used to assess the failure modes and mechanisms on talus-derived rock mass. The different types of failure modes of the talus-derived rock mass were introduced and a possible failure mechanism relation between the failure zone and the structure of the talus-derived rock mass was also shown. The physical model test results indicate that the rainfall has significant influence on the stability and failure modes of talus-derived rock mass during open-pit mining. The development of the seepage area caused by rainfall initiates the localized failure in that particular area, and the initiation of localized instability is mainly induced by stress changes concentrated in the seepage area.
基金Supported by Foundation for Scientific and Technological Development of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2017JM06)Special Funds for Basic Scientific Research of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2015YT32)+1 种基金Key Planning Project for Research and Development of Guangxi,China(AB16380084)National Major Research Development Program of China(2016YFD0800700)~~
文摘Firstly, the concept, sources and damage of atmospheric deposition were introduced, and then the relation between atmospheric deposition and accumulation of heavy metals in rice in Guangxi was analyzed to provide reference for the implementation of effective risk early warning of pollution from heavy metal deposition and safe production of rice in mining areas of Guangxi.
文摘Taking landscape design of the former area in Wangfenggang coal mine of Anhui Huainan as an example,the whole thinking and specific implementations were discussed from aspects including scenic spot planning,plant landscape and characteristics of scenic spots,and created landscape in mining areas,squares and residential districts by combining section peculiarity,old building characteristics and circumstance in the landscape design of mining areas,which aimed to realize sustainable development of landscape in mining areas.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.41763017)the Program Foundation of Institute for Scientific Research of Karst Area of NSFC-GZGOV (No.U1612442)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guizhou Province (No.Qiankehe-[2018]2336)the Key Discipline Construction Project,Guizhou (No.ZDXK [2016]11)the Topclass Discipline Construction Project of Ecology in Guizhou Province (No.GNYL[2017]007)
文摘Rice paddy soil is recognized as the hotspot of mercury（Hg） methylation, which is mainly a biotic process mediated by many abiotic factors. In this study, effects of key soil properties on the production and bioaccumulation of Hg and methylmercury（MeHg） in Hg-contaminated rice paddies were investigated. Rice and soil samples were collected from the active Hg smelting site and abandoned Hg mining sites（a total of 124 paddy fields） in the Wanshan Mercury Mine, China. Total Hg（THg） and MeHg in soils and rice grains, together with sulfur（S）,selenium（Se）, organic matter（OM）, nitrogen（N）, phosphorus（P）, mineral compositions（e.g., SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3） and pH in soils were quantified. The results showed that long-term Hg mining activities had resulted in THg and MeHg contaminations in soil-rice system. The newly-deposited atmospheric Hg was more readily methylated relative to the native Hg already in soils, which could be responsible for the elevated MeHg levels in soils and rice grains around the active artificial Hg smelting site. The MeHg concentrations in soils and rice grains showed a significantly negative relationship with soil N/Hg, S/Hg and OM/Hg ratio possibly due to the formation of low-bioavailability Hg–S（N）–OM complexes in rhizosphere. The Hg–Se antagonism undoubtedly occurred in soil-rice system, while its role in bioaccumulation of MeHg in the MeHg-contaminated rice paddies was minor. However, other soil properties showed less influence on the production and bioaccumulation of MeHg in rice paddies located at the Wanshan Mercury Mine zone.
文摘With the emergence and development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), different sensors have become more miniaturized and intelligent. UAVs equipped with various sensors are now an important approach for acquiring spatial data. Many advantages, such as low cost, short revisiting cycle, flexibility and high precision, have made UAVs powerful tools in geological, agricultural, ecological and forestry growth monitoring, as well as evaluation. Now, UAVs are a hotspot in scientific research. Their application in mining areas (MA), although still in its infancy, is developing rapidly in terms of speed, scale and service scope. This research examines aspects such as UAV platforms, different sensors and their application fields, as well as reviewing the advances of scientific research in MA at the present time. By combining current research and the functions of multiple sensors, an application framework for UAV monitoring in MA is constructed. Finally, the challenge and prospects for the development of UAVs and sensors are also considered. This research hopes to provide a technical reference, expanding the knowledge and recognition of UAV monitoring in MA, as well as an assessment of applications in mining, reclamation and environment.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863)(grant no.2007AA06Z220)Important Project of the Ministry of Education(grant no.307014)the Huainan Mining Group program
文摘Based on the production data of a large number of surface drainage wells in the Huainan mining area,the present study shows that four types of typical production characteristics for relieved methane wells are recognized,of which the stable type for production and gas concentration is the most dominate,as determined by a comprehensive study on the volume and concentration of drained gases, as well as the stress changes of rocks influenced by mining.Some influence factors for the productive differences of the drainage wells were also been discussed.The results indicate that protective coal-seam mining has a significant effect on overlying strata,which promotes the development of pores and fractures of coal reservoirs for methane desorption and migration;however,the production and the stability of drainage wells are affected by deformation and damage of the overlying strata.The second distribution of strata stress is caused by mining engineering,and if the stress load is larger than the carrying capacity of the extraction well,the gas production would be influenced by the drainage well that has been damaged by rock movement.Furthermore,the case damage occurs first in the weak, lithologic interface by its special mechanical properties.The stability of drainage wells and the production status are also influenced by the different drilling techniques,uneven distribution of gas concentration,and combination of gob gas and methane from the protected layer.
基金Project(21467005)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Total concentrations of arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury, nickel, chromium, and copper in the soils from near a coal mine area in southwest Guizhou, China, were measured to evaluate the level of contamination, and the potential ecological risks posed by the heavy metals were quantitatively estimated. Results reveal that all heavy metals/metalloid exceeded the background values for soil environmental quality of heavy metals in Guizhou area. Geo-accumulation index(I_(geo)) showed that arsenic had the highest contamination level(I_(geo)=4) among the seven heavy metals/metalloid, and the contamination levels of mercury and lead were also relatively high(I_(geo)=3). Pearson correlation and cluster analysis identified that mercury, copper and arsenic had a relationship, and their presence might be mainly related to mining activity, coal and oil combustion, and vehicle emissions. Improved Nemerow index indicated that the overall level of heavy metal contamination in the studied area ranged from moderately–heavily contaminated to heavily contaminated level. Potential ecological risk index(R_I) analysis manifested that the whole ecological risk level ranged from high degree to very high degree(325.30≤R_I≤801.02) in the studied soil samples, and the potential ecological risk factors (E_r^i) of heavy metals/metalloid were as follows: Hg > As > Cd > Pb > Cu > Ni > Cr, and the E_r^i of Hg and As reached very high risk grade.
基金Financial support was provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41573135)the Opening Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry (SKLEG No.2019716)
文摘To assess the potential ecological and health risks of trace elements(Hg,Cd,As,Mn,Sb,Pb,Cu,Ni,Cr,and Zn),a total of 138 soil samples from rice paddies were collected during the rice harvest season in the Wanshan mining area,Guizhou Province,Southwest China.Factors of the pollution load index(PLI),geo-accumulation index(I-Geo),enrichment factor(EF),and risk index(RI)were determined.High concentrations of Hg,Sb,As,Zn,Cd,Cu,and Mn were observed in the soils.The PLI,I-Geo,and EF results all showed high levels of contamination by Hg and Sb and moderate levels of contamination by As,Pb,Zn,Cu,Cd,and Mn.There was no significant contamination from Ni and Cr.The RI was very high,with Hg as the dominant pollutant,as expected,indicating that the historical large-scale Hg mining,as well as artisanal mining,has had a significant impact on the Wanshan area.Moreover,coal combustion,manganese factories,and the use of agrochemicals by the local population could also have an impact on the soil through the introduction of heavy metal loads.To address the current state of contamination,pollutant remediation and the regulation control of the anthropogenic activities in Wanshan are urgently needed.
基金sponsored by the Hi-tech Research and Development Program of China (No.2007AA06Z220)the Key Science and Technology Program of the Geological Engineering Company of the Huinan Mining Group and the Panyi, Pansan, Guqiao and Dingji mines (No.307014)
文摘Based on engineering tests in the Huainan coal mining area,we studied alternative well location to improve the performance of surface wells for remote pressure relief of coalbed methane in mining areas.The key factors,affecting location and well gas production were analyzed by simulation tests for similar material.The exploitation results indicate that wells located in various positions on panels could achieve relatively better gas production in regions with thin Cenozoic layers,low mining heights and slow rate of longwall advancement,but their periods of gas production lasted less than 230 days,as opposed to wells in regions with thick Cenozoic layers,greater mining heights and fast rates of longwall advancement.Wells near panel margins achieved relatively better gas production and lasted longer than centerline wells.The rules of development of mining fractures in strata over panels control gas production of surface wells.Mining fractures located in areas determined by lines of compaction and the effect of mining are well developed and can be maintained for long periods of time.Placing the well at the end of panels and on the updip return airway side of panels,determined by lines of compaction and the effect of mining,would result in surface wells for remote pressure relief CBM obtaining their longest gas production periods and highest cumulative gas production.
基金fnancially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51974295).
文摘The retained coal in the end slope of an open-pit mine can be mined by the highwall mining techniques.However,the instability mechanism of the reserved rib pillar under dynamic loads of mining haul trucks and static loads of the overlying strata is not clear,which restricts the safe and efcient application of highwall mining.In this study,the load-bearing model of the rib pillar in highwall mining was established,the cusp catastrophe theory and the safety coefcient of the rib pillar were considered,and the criterion equations of the rib pillar stability were proposed.Based on the limit equilibrium theory,the limit stress of the rib pillar was analyzed,and the calculation equations of plastic zone width of the rib pillar in highwall mining were obtained.Based on the Winkler foundation beam theory,the elastic foundation beam model composed of the rib pillar and roof under the highwall mining was established,and the calculation equations for the compression of the rib pillar under dynamic and static loads were developed.The results showed that with the increase of the rib pillar width,the total compression of the rib pillar under dynamic and static loads decreases nonlinearly,and the compression of the rib pillar caused by static loads of the overlying strata and trucks has a decisive role.Numerical simulation and theoretical calculation were also performed in this study.In the numerical simulation,the coal seam with a buried depth of 122 m and a thickness of 3 m is mined by highwall mining techniques.According to the established rib pillar instability model of the highwall mining system,it is found that when the mining opening width is 3 m,the reasonable width of the rib pillar is at least 1.3 m,and the safety factor of the rib pillar is 1.3.The numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the results of theoretical calculation,which verifes the feasibility of the theoretical analysis of the rib pillar stability.This research provides a reference for the stability analysis of rib pillars under highwall mining.
