Objective Observational studies have found associations between inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)and the risk of dementia,including Alzheimer’s dementia(AD)and vascular dementia(VD);however,these findings are inconsist...Objective Observational studies have found associations between inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)and the risk of dementia,including Alzheimer’s dementia(AD)and vascular dementia(VD);however,these findings are inconsistent.It remains unclear whether these associations are causal.Methods We conducted a meta-analysis by systematically searching for observational studies on the association between IBD and dementia.Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis based on summary genome-wide association studies(GWASs)was performed.Genetic correlation and Bayesian colocalization analyses were used to provide robust genetic evidence.Results Ten observational studies involving 80,565,688 participants were included in this metaanalysis.IBD was significantly associated with dementia(risk ratio[RR]=1.36,95%CI=1.04-1.78;I2=84.8%)and VD(RR=2.60,95%CI=1.18-5.70;only one study),but not with AD(RR=2.00,95%CI=0.96-4.13;I^(2)=99.8%).MR analyses did not supported significant causal associations of IBD with dementia(dementia:odds ratio[OR]=1.01,95%CI=0.98-1.03;AD:OR=0.98,95%CI=0.95-1.01;VD:OR=1.02,95%CI=0.97-1.07).In addition,genetic correlation and co-localization analyses did not reveal any genetic associations between IBD and dementia.Conclusion Our study did not provide genetic evidence for a causal association between IBD and dementia risk.The increased risk of dementia observed in observational studies may be attributed to unobserved confounding factors or detection bias.展开更多
This paper proposes an interdisciplinary talent training model that combines foreign language education with area studies.The model aims to cultivate international ocean affairs professionals with cross-cultural commu...This paper proposes an interdisciplinary talent training model that combines foreign language education with area studies.The model aims to cultivate international ocean affairs professionals with cross-cultural communication skills,in-depth regional and country knowledge,and practical expertise in ocean affairs.Additionally,the paper presents specific training pathways and policy recommendations for implementing this model.展开更多
In modern society,the globalization of literary works is evident,with exceptional literary pieces from various countries spreading worldwide.Among these,children’s literature,due to the specificity of its target audi...In modern society,the globalization of literary works is evident,with exceptional literary pieces from various countries spreading worldwide.Among these,children’s literature,due to the specificity of its target audience,imposes distinct requirements on children’s books,compelling translators to approach the text from a child’s perspective.“The Little Prince”has renowned both within and outside of China,and a careful reading of this work can provide us with much inspiration.To this end,the present study adopts the perspective of Gideon Toury’s Descriptive Translation Studies to conduct an in-depth analysis of the different English and Chinese translations in conjunction with the original French novel.This approach aims to better guide literary research and explores translation methods for children’s literature through the analysis of translation norms and rules.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal endoscopy technology has significantly improved the diagnostic accuracy and the successful treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.However,a series of ethical issues have emerged,such as exp...BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal endoscopy technology has significantly improved the diagnostic accuracy and the successful treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.However,a series of ethical issues have emerged,such as expanding treatment indications,which affect the fair distribution of medical resources.There is limited research on ethical issues in the field of digestive endoscopy.AIM To investigate the level of ethical awareness among gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners and analyze the ethical issues involved in gastrointestinal endoscopy technology.METHODS A questionnaire survey was performed to collect relevant data(gender,age,degree of education,professional title,personnel category,the level of understanding medical ethical principles,ethics training and its learning pathways)from gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners at the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University and Dalian Friendship Hospital,including licensed physicians and nurses(including trainees and graduate students).RESULTS The majority of gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners have received training on ethics,but there is still considerable room for improvement in their ethical awareness.Different learning pathways may affect the mastery of ethical principles, and understanding of ethical principles is more easily achieved through hospital ethics institutions.CONCLUSIONTo address the ethical issues in gastrointestinal endoscopy technology, it is necessary to enhance the humanisticeducation of gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners, incorporate ethical standards into the technology assessmentprocess, and establish a patient-centered diagnostic and treatment model to improve the ethical awareness of practitionersand achieve a balance between technology and ethics.展开更多
Background： Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 （SCA3） is the most common subtype of SCA worldwide, and runs a slowly progressive and unremitting disease course. There is currently no curable treatment available. Growing...Background： Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 （SCA3） is the most common subtype of SCA worldwide, and runs a slowly progressive and unremitting disease course. There is currently no curable treatment available. Growing evidence has suggested that nerve growth factor （NGF） may have therapeutic effects in neurodegenerative diseases, and possibly also in SCA3. The objective of this study was to test the efficacy of NGF in SCA3 patients. Methods： We performed an open-label prospective study in genetically confirmed adult （〉18 years old） SCA3 patients. NGF was administered by intramuscular injection （18 μg once daily） fbr 28 days consecutively. All the patients were evaluated at baseline and 2 and 4 weeks after treatment using the Chinese version of the scale for assessment and rating of ataxia （SARA）. Results： Twenty-one SCA3 patients （ 10 men and 11 women, mean age 39.14 ± 7.81 years, mean disease duration 4.14 ± 1.90 years, mean CAG repeats number 77,57 ± 2.27） were enrolled. After 28 days of NGF treatment, the mean total SARA score decreased significantly from a baseline of 8.48± 2.40 to 6.30 ± 1.87 （P 〈 0.001 ）. Subsections SARA scores also showed significant improvements in stance （P = 0.003）, speech （P = 0.023）, finger chase （P = 0.015）, fast alternating hand movements （P = 0.009）, and heel-shin slide （P = 0.001）. Conclusions： Our preliminary data suggest that NGF may be effective in treating patients with SCA3.展开更多
Through the questionnaire survey and comparative studies on tourist satisfaction of tourism services among three world heritage sites,i.e.Huangshan Mountain,Lushan Mountain and Wuyi Mountain,this study pointed out the...Through the questionnaire survey and comparative studies on tourist satisfaction of tourism services among three world heritage sites,i.e.Huangshan Mountain,Lushan Mountain and Wuyi Mountain,this study pointed out the problems in tourism services of three scenic areas and then put forward relevant countermeasures for the management of scenic areas.展开更多
Aim： To compare the use of the suprapubic puncture method versus the transurethral method in pressure-flow studies in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Methods： Twenty-three men with benign prostatic hyper...Aim： To compare the use of the suprapubic puncture method versus the transurethral method in pressure-flow studies in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Methods： Twenty-three men with benign prostatic hyperplasia underwent both suprapubic and transurethral pressure-flow studies during a single session. Standard pressure-flow variables were recorded in all patients with both methods, enabling calculation of obstruction using commonly used grading systems, such as the urethral resistance algorithm, the Abrams-Griffith （AG） number and the Schaefer linear nomogram. Results： There were statistically significant differences between the methods in the mean values of maximum flow rate （P 〈 0.05）, detrusor pressure at the maximum flow （P 〈 0.01）, urethral resistance algorithm （P 〈 0.01）, AG number （P 〈 0.01） and maximum cystic capacity （P 〈 0.01）. Of the men in the study, 10 （43.5%） remained in the same Schaefer class with both methods and 18 （78.3%） in the same AG number area. Using the transurethral method, 12 （52.2%） men increased their Schaefer class by one and 1 （4.3%） by two. There were also differences between the suprapubic and transurethral methods using the AG number： 4 （17.4%） men moved from a classification of equivocal to obstructed and 1 （4.3%） from unobstructed to equivocal. Conclusion： The differences between the techniques for measuring intravesical pressure alter the grading of obstruction determined by several of the commonly used classifications. An 8 F transurethral catheter significantly increases the likelihood of a diagnosis of bladder outlet obstruction when compared with the suprapubic method.展开更多
Background:The efficacy and safety of opicapone,a once-daily catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor,have been established in two large randomized,placebo-controlled,multinational pivotal trials.Still,clinical evidence...Background:The efficacy and safety of opicapone,a once-daily catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor,have been established in two large randomized,placebo-controlled,multinational pivotal trials.Still,clinical evidence from routine practice is needed to complement the data from the pivotal trials.Methods:OPTIPARK(NCT02847442)was a prospective,open-label,single-arm trial conducted in Germany and the UK under clinical practice conditions.Patients with Parkinson’s disease and motor fluctuations were treated with opicapone 50 mg for 3(Germany)or 6(UK)months in addition to their current levodopa and other antiparkinsonian treatments.The primary endpoint was the Clinician’s Global Impression of Change(CGI-C)after 3 months.Secondary assessments included Patient Global Impressions of Change(PGI-C),the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale(UPDRS),Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire(PDQ-8),and the Non-Motor Symptoms Scale(NMSS).Safety assessments included evaluation of treatment-emergent adverse events(TEAEs)and serious adverse events(SAEs).Results:Of the 506 patients enrolled,495(97.8%)took at least one dose of opicapone.Of these,393(79.4%)patients completed 3 months of treatment.Overall,71.3 and 76.9%of patients experienced any improvement on CGI-C and PGI-C after 3 months,respectively(full analysis set).At 6 months,for UK subgroup only(n=95),85.3%of patients were judged by investigators as improved since commencing treatment.UPDRS scores at 3 months showed statistically significant improvements in activities of daily living during OFF(mean±SD change from baseline:?3.0±4.6,p<0.0001)and motor scores during ON(?4.6±8.1,p<0.0001).The mean±SD improvements of?3.4±12.8 points for PDQ-8 and-6.8±19.7 points for NMSS were statistically significant versus baseline(both p<0.0001).Most of TEAEs(94.8%of events)were of mild or moderate intensity.TEAEs considered to be at least possibly related to opicapone were reported for 45.1%of patients,with dyskinesia(11.5%)and dry mouth(6.5%)being the most frequently reported.Serious TEAEs considered at least possibly related to opicapone were reported for 1.4%of patients.Conclusions:Opicapone 50 mg was effective and generally well-tolerated in PD patients with motor fluctuations treated in clinical practice.展开更多
Background: Dienogest is a potential treatment for pelvic pain associated with endometriosis, a condition of significant concern in gynaecology. The current study was conducted as a crossover-randomized bioequivalence...Background: Dienogest is a potential treatment for pelvic pain associated with endometriosis, a condition of significant concern in gynaecology. The current study was conducted as a crossover-randomized bioequivalence assessment of two oral Dienogest 2 mg formulations, aiming to provide valuable insights for healthcare professionals and researchers in this field. Objective: The primary aim of this research was to evaluate and compare the pharmacokinetic characteristics of Dienogest 2 mg tablets. Dinogest (Dienogest 2 mg) tablets, manufactured by Nuvista Pharma Limited in Bangladesh, and Visanne (Dienogest 2 mg) tablets, manufactured by Bayer Pharma in Germany, were the test and reference formulations, respectively. Materials and Method: The study was an open-label, balanced, randomized, two treatments, two sequences, two periods, two-way crossover, laboratory blind, single oral dose bioequivalence study conducted in healthy adult females under fasting conditions. The study was carried out on 13 healthy, non-pregnant female subjects, and all the subjects completed both study periods with a 15-day washout in between. Randomization was used to assign the test and reference formulations to the subjects. Following each oral administration, a series of blood samples were obtained at different time intervals from pre-dose to 72 hours post-dose and analyzed for Dienogest concentrations using a validated bio-analytical method. A standard non-compartmental model was used to analyze the pharmacokinetic parameters. The primary pharmacokinetic parameters were peak plasma drug concentration (C<sub>max</sub>), the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to time t (AUC<sub>0–t</sub>), and AUC from t = 0 to infinity (AUC<sub>0–∞</sub>). The other PK parameters included time to reach C<sub>max</sub> (T<sub>max</sub>), terminal elimination rate constant (K<sub>el</sub>), and half-life (t<sub>1/2</sub>). Result: The ratios and 90% CI for the geometric mean test/reference were 95.53% (86.70% - 105.26%) for C<sub>max</sub>, 101.75% (95.42% - 108.49%) for AUC<sub>0</sub><sub>−</sub><sub>t</sub>, and 101.54% (95.59%% - 107.87%) for AUC<sub>0</sub><sub>−</sub><sub>∞</sub>. The formulations were bioequivalent since the 90% CIs for the geometric mean test/reference ratios were 80% to 125%, according to the predetermined range of US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requirements. Conclusion: This single-dose investigation shows that the Dienogest test and reference formulations exhibited a rate and degree of absorption that met the regulatory requirements for bioequivalence.展开更多
BACKGROUND Previous systematic reviews have consistently reported that coffee consumption has a preventive effect on the occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).However,further evaluations between coffee consumpt...BACKGROUND Previous systematic reviews have consistently reported that coffee consumption has a preventive effect on the occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).However,further evaluations between coffee consumption and the risk of T2DM in Asian populations are needed.AIM To conduct a meta-epidemiological study on systematic reviews evaluating the association between coffee consumption and the risk of T2DM in Asian people.METHODS The selection criterion was defined as a population-based prospective cohort study evaluating the association between coffee consumption and the risk of T2DM in Asian populations,reporting the adjusted relative risk(RR)and its 95%confidence interval(CI)for potential confounders.A fixed-effect model metaanalysis was applied to calculate the summary RR and its 95%CI in less than 50%of the I2 value indicating the level of heterogeneity.A two-stage fixed-effects doseresponse meta-analysis(DRMA)was performed to calculate the risk per unit dose(a cup per day).RESULTS A total of seven studies were selected in this meta-epidemiological study.The risk of T2DM in Asian populations was significantly reduced in the highest to the lowest dose group(summary RR=0.73,95%CI:0.66-0.82;I2 value=0.0%).The DRMA showed that drinking one cup of coffee per day reduced the risk of T2DM in Asian populations by 8%(RR=0.92,95%CI:0.90-0.95).CONCLUSION These findings support the conclusion that coffee consumption has a protective effect on the occurrence of T2DM in Asian men and women.展开更多
Of Studies is an important one in The Essays of Francis Bacon, of which words are concise and refining, reasoning is profound and logic. Wang Zuoliang's translated version is so efficient and smooth with classical...Of Studies is an important one in The Essays of Francis Bacon, of which words are concise and refining, reasoning is profound and logic. Wang Zuoliang's translated version is so efficient and smooth with classical Chinese style that it perfectly reveals the original text, turning out to be the best version among all the translation of Of Studies. This thesis compares Of Studies and Wang Zuoliang's translated version to analyze their linguistic feature in terms of diction, sentence and figures of speech.展开更多
Randomized controlled trials(RCTs) are the gold standard in terms of study design, however, in the surgical setting conducting RCTs can often be unethical or logistically impossible. Case-control studies should become...Randomized controlled trials(RCTs) are the gold standard in terms of study design, however, in the surgical setting conducting RCTs can often be unethical or logistically impossible. Case-control studies should become the major study design used in surgical research when RCTs are unable to be conducted and definitely replacing case series which offer little insight into surgical outcomes and disease processes.展开更多
Using comparative molecular field analysis approach, the interaction of 17 tetrahydroprotdederines to D1 reccptor and15 ones to D2 reccptor have ben studied by 3D-QsAR. respectively. The results indicated that the int...Using comparative molecular field analysis approach, the interaction of 17 tetrahydroprotdederines to D1 reccptor and15 ones to D2 reccptor have ben studied by 3D-QsAR. respectively. The results indicated that the interactions of THPBs withdopamine receplors were primarily clectrostatic interactions. with more positive charge in lignnd and more negative in receptor.展开更多
Some geological studies were performed in the Rafflesia Trail, near Kampung Jedip, in Lojing Highlands, Kelantan. This area is famous for its Rafflesia and has become one of the tourism attractions in Kelantan. Howeve...Some geological studies were performed in the Rafflesia Trail, near Kampung Jedip, in Lojing Highlands, Kelantan. This area is famous for its Rafflesia and has become one of the tourism attractions in Kelantan. However, the recent development of agricultural activities has significant effects on the area. The objective of these studies is to give substantial geological information including geomorphology, lithology, structural features, geohazard potentials, and water quality analysis in the study area. Desk study was conducted by reviewing some literatures related to the topic and the study area. Field work was organized during a scientific expedition in January 2014, to collect data, samples, and photographs. Geomorphologically, the study area is a mountainous area which mostly consists of mountain ridges and mountain valleys. Some fluvial features occur in the study area, such as waterfalls, cascades, rapids, runs, pools, potholes, lateral bars, and point bars. This area is composed of granitic rocks, mostly granite porphyry, and covered by superficial deposits of Quaternary age. The geological structure that is commonly found in the study area is joints, where they divide the rock body into large, roughly angular blocks, which is called as brecciation. The potential geohazard in the study area is landslides, where some of them are composed of soil only and others are mixtures of rock and soil. The water quality analysis has managed to identify that the stream water in this area generally has the quality of Class III (according to INWQS for Malaysia). These studies recommend that this area should be supported as a sustainable tourism site in Lojing Highlands.展开更多
Deconjugation of cyclopent-2-enone aldols were attempted under various conditions, and the desired deconjugated product was achieved via dianion approach. Various results obtained in this study are explained by struct...Deconjugation of cyclopent-2-enone aldols were attempted under various conditions, and the desired deconjugated product was achieved via dianion approach. Various results obtained in this study are explained by structure and transition state analysis.展开更多
Utility of geochemistry in mineral exploration is known since more than half-a-century.In reconnaissance diamond exploration,regolith geochemistry is a well known tool worldwide and helps in distinguishing bedrock
Bluetooth technology emerged over twenty years ago and has continuously improved throughout the years to meet diverse and complex applications. Initially invented to replace the need for physical data cables, Bluetoot...Bluetooth technology emerged over twenty years ago and has continuously improved throughout the years to meet diverse and complex applications. Initially invented to replace the need for physical data cables, Bluetooth offers users a quick and easy way to share data files over a wireless network. Traffic engineers and transportation engineering researchers have utilized the potential opportunities that exist with Bluetooth and have implemented this technology into traffic monitoring techniques. To gain a better understanding of Bluetooth sensors and how they work, a comprehensive literature search was conducted. Twenty-five articles were studied regarding case studies of Bluetooth sensor implementation for travel time measurement. Besides reviewing the literature and previous case studies, three new case studies in the State of Delaware, USA, were also conducted and carefully analyzed. The benefits and drawbacks associated with Bluetooth technology for travel time measurements have been identified in this paper. The overall conclusion of the authors is Bluetooth alone and by itself is not a proper technology for travel time measurements. More studies need to be conducted on the accuracy and overall application, before one can confidently utilize the Bluetooth technology for travel time measurements.展开更多
Existing skin adhesives may, however, cause inflammatory response to toxicity of formaldehyde generated as hydrolysate of polycyanoacrylate (the main ingredient), delay in wound closure due to the adhesive’s flowing ...Existing skin adhesives may, however, cause inflammatory response to toxicity of formaldehyde generated as hydrolysate of polycyanoacrylate (the main ingredient), delay in wound closure due to the adhesive’s flowing into the wound from the edges, or a wide scar. EpinexusTM (Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.), the skin adhesive used for this study, was developed to prevent these risks. For the method of this study, This was a single-center, open-label, single-arm, intervention study of an acrylate skin adhesive, EpinexusTM. The primary endpoint was safety. The secondary endpoints were wound closure, cosmetic outcome (Manchester Scar Scale), and usability. Failures and adverse events were also appropriately evaluated. As a result, there were no particular adverse events such as inflammatory findings, which demonstrated that there is no problem in safety. Some common adverse events were observed, but no adverse events for which a causal relationship cannot be ruled out or failures. As a conclusion, there was no problem in wound closure, cosmetic outcome, or usability. This was a pilot study of EpinexusTM of an ongoing, single-center, open-label, parallel-group, comparative study in 60 subjects comparing EpinexusTMwith an existing skin adhesive, Dermabond? Advanced.展开更多
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection is a prevalent disease encountered in military internal medicine and recognized as the main cause of dyspepsia,gastritis,and peptic ulcer,which are common diseases in ...BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection is a prevalent disease encountered in military internal medicine and recognized as the main cause of dyspepsia,gastritis,and peptic ulcer,which are common diseases in military personnel.Current guidelines in China state all patients with evidence of active infection with H.pylori are offered treatment.However,the prevalence of H.pylori infection and its regional distribution in the military population remain unclear,which hinders effective prevention and treatment strategies.Understanding the prevalence of H.pylori infection in the military population will aid in the development of customized strategies to better manage this infectious disease.AIM To investigate the prevalence of H.pylori infection in the Chinese military population in different geographic areas.METHODS This multicenter,retrospective study included 22421 individuals from five tertiary hospitals located in north,east,southwest,and northwest cities of China.H.pylori infection was identified using the urea breath test,which had been performed between January 2020 and December 2021.RESULTS Of the 22421 military service members,7416(33.1%)were urea breath test-positive.The highest prevalence of H.pylori was in the 30-39 years age group for military personnel,with an infection rate of 34.9%.The majority of infected subjects were younger than 40-years-old,accounting for 70.4%of the infected population.The individuals serviced in Lanzhou and Chengdu showed a higher infection prevalence than those in Beijing,Nanjing,and Guangzhou,with prevalence rates of 44.3%,37.9%,29.0%,31.1%,and 32.3%,respectively.CONCLUSION H.pylori infection remains a common infectious disease among military personnel in China and has a relatively high prevalence rate in northwest China.展开更多
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2021M703366)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant No.KQTD20190929172835662).
文摘Objective Observational studies have found associations between inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)and the risk of dementia,including Alzheimer’s dementia(AD)and vascular dementia(VD);however,these findings are inconsistent.It remains unclear whether these associations are causal.Methods We conducted a meta-analysis by systematically searching for observational studies on the association between IBD and dementia.Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis based on summary genome-wide association studies(GWASs)was performed.Genetic correlation and Bayesian colocalization analyses were used to provide robust genetic evidence.Results Ten observational studies involving 80,565,688 participants were included in this metaanalysis.IBD was significantly associated with dementia(risk ratio[RR]=1.36,95%CI=1.04-1.78;I2=84.8%)and VD(RR=2.60,95%CI=1.18-5.70;only one study),but not with AD(RR=2.00,95%CI=0.96-4.13;I^(2)=99.8%).MR analyses did not supported significant causal associations of IBD with dementia(dementia:odds ratio[OR]=1.01,95%CI=0.98-1.03;AD:OR=0.98,95%CI=0.95-1.01;VD:OR=1.02,95%CI=0.97-1.07).In addition,genetic correlation and co-localization analyses did not reveal any genetic associations between IBD and dementia.Conclusion Our study did not provide genetic evidence for a causal association between IBD and dementia risk.The increased risk of dementia observed in observational studies may be attributed to unobserved confounding factors or detection bias.
基金supported by“Dalian Maritime University Teaching Reform Research Fund 2022 Annual Project”(Fund No.XJG2022-96).
文摘This paper proposes an interdisciplinary talent training model that combines foreign language education with area studies.The model aims to cultivate international ocean affairs professionals with cross-cultural communication skills,in-depth regional and country knowledge,and practical expertise in ocean affairs.Additionally,the paper presents specific training pathways and policy recommendations for implementing this model.
文摘In modern society,the globalization of literary works is evident,with exceptional literary pieces from various countries spreading worldwide.Among these,children’s literature,due to the specificity of its target audience,imposes distinct requirements on children’s books,compelling translators to approach the text from a child’s perspective.“The Little Prince”has renowned both within and outside of China,and a careful reading of this work can provide us with much inspiration.To this end,the present study adopts the perspective of Gideon Toury’s Descriptive Translation Studies to conduct an in-depth analysis of the different English and Chinese translations in conjunction with the original French novel.This approach aims to better guide literary research and explores translation methods for children’s literature through the analysis of translation norms and rules.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal endoscopy technology has significantly improved the diagnostic accuracy and the successful treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.However,a series of ethical issues have emerged,such as expanding treatment indications,which affect the fair distribution of medical resources.There is limited research on ethical issues in the field of digestive endoscopy.AIM To investigate the level of ethical awareness among gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners and analyze the ethical issues involved in gastrointestinal endoscopy technology.METHODS A questionnaire survey was performed to collect relevant data(gender,age,degree of education,professional title,personnel category,the level of understanding medical ethical principles,ethics training and its learning pathways)from gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners at the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University and Dalian Friendship Hospital,including licensed physicians and nurses(including trainees and graduate students).RESULTS The majority of gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners have received training on ethics,but there is still considerable room for improvement in their ethical awareness.Different learning pathways may affect the mastery of ethical principles, and understanding of ethical principles is more easily achieved through hospital ethics institutions.CONCLUSIONTo address the ethical issues in gastrointestinal endoscopy technology, it is necessary to enhance the humanisticeducation of gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners, incorporate ethical standards into the technology assessmentprocess, and establish a patient-centered diagnostic and treatment model to improve the ethical awareness of practitionersand achieve a balance between technology and ethics.
基金This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China grant，The Innovation Team Fund of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Background： Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 （SCA3） is the most common subtype of SCA worldwide, and runs a slowly progressive and unremitting disease course. There is currently no curable treatment available. Growing evidence has suggested that nerve growth factor （NGF） may have therapeutic effects in neurodegenerative diseases, and possibly also in SCA3. The objective of this study was to test the efficacy of NGF in SCA3 patients. Methods： We performed an open-label prospective study in genetically confirmed adult （〉18 years old） SCA3 patients. NGF was administered by intramuscular injection （18 μg once daily） fbr 28 days consecutively. All the patients were evaluated at baseline and 2 and 4 weeks after treatment using the Chinese version of the scale for assessment and rating of ataxia （SARA）. Results： Twenty-one SCA3 patients （ 10 men and 11 women, mean age 39.14 ± 7.81 years, mean disease duration 4.14 ± 1.90 years, mean CAG repeats number 77,57 ± 2.27） were enrolled. After 28 days of NGF treatment, the mean total SARA score decreased significantly from a baseline of 8.48± 2.40 to 6.30 ± 1.87 （P 〈 0.001 ）. Subsections SARA scores also showed significant improvements in stance （P = 0.003）, speech （P = 0.023）, finger chase （P = 0.015）, fast alternating hand movements （P = 0.009）, and heel-shin slide （P = 0.001）. Conclusions： Our preliminary data suggest that NGF may be effective in treating patients with SCA3.
文摘Through the questionnaire survey and comparative studies on tourist satisfaction of tourism services among three world heritage sites,i.e.Huangshan Mountain,Lushan Mountain and Wuyi Mountain,this study pointed out the problems in tourism services of three scenic areas and then put forward relevant countermeasures for the management of scenic areas.
文摘Aim： To compare the use of the suprapubic puncture method versus the transurethral method in pressure-flow studies in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Methods： Twenty-three men with benign prostatic hyperplasia underwent both suprapubic and transurethral pressure-flow studies during a single session. Standard pressure-flow variables were recorded in all patients with both methods, enabling calculation of obstruction using commonly used grading systems, such as the urethral resistance algorithm, the Abrams-Griffith （AG） number and the Schaefer linear nomogram. Results： There were statistically significant differences between the methods in the mean values of maximum flow rate （P 〈 0.05）, detrusor pressure at the maximum flow （P 〈 0.01）, urethral resistance algorithm （P 〈 0.01）, AG number （P 〈 0.01） and maximum cystic capacity （P 〈 0.01）. Of the men in the study, 10 （43.5%） remained in the same Schaefer class with both methods and 18 （78.3%） in the same AG number area. Using the transurethral method, 12 （52.2%） men increased their Schaefer class by one and 1 （4.3%） by two. There were also differences between the suprapubic and transurethral methods using the AG number： 4 （17.4%） men moved from a classification of equivocal to obstructed and 1 （4.3%） from unobstructed to equivocal. Conclusion： The differences between the techniques for measuring intravesical pressure alter the grading of obstruction determined by several of the commonly used classifications. An 8 F transurethral catheter significantly increases the likelihood of a diagnosis of bladder outlet obstruction when compared with the suprapubic method.
基金The study was funded by BIALThree authors(JFR,DM and PSS)were employed by the funder and participated in the study design,data collection,data management,and data analysis+1 种基金The funder of the study had no other role in data interpretation or in the decision to submit the manuscript for publicationBIAL also supported reporting of study results by procuring medical writing support.
文摘Background:The efficacy and safety of opicapone,a once-daily catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor,have been established in two large randomized,placebo-controlled,multinational pivotal trials.Still,clinical evidence from routine practice is needed to complement the data from the pivotal trials.Methods:OPTIPARK(NCT02847442)was a prospective,open-label,single-arm trial conducted in Germany and the UK under clinical practice conditions.Patients with Parkinson’s disease and motor fluctuations were treated with opicapone 50 mg for 3(Germany)or 6(UK)months in addition to their current levodopa and other antiparkinsonian treatments.The primary endpoint was the Clinician’s Global Impression of Change(CGI-C)after 3 months.Secondary assessments included Patient Global Impressions of Change(PGI-C),the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale(UPDRS),Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire(PDQ-8),and the Non-Motor Symptoms Scale(NMSS).Safety assessments included evaluation of treatment-emergent adverse events(TEAEs)and serious adverse events(SAEs).Results:Of the 506 patients enrolled,495(97.8%)took at least one dose of opicapone.Of these,393(79.4%)patients completed 3 months of treatment.Overall,71.3 and 76.9%of patients experienced any improvement on CGI-C and PGI-C after 3 months,respectively(full analysis set).At 6 months,for UK subgroup only(n=95),85.3%of patients were judged by investigators as improved since commencing treatment.UPDRS scores at 3 months showed statistically significant improvements in activities of daily living during OFF(mean±SD change from baseline:?3.0±4.6,p<0.0001)and motor scores during ON(?4.6±8.1,p<0.0001).The mean±SD improvements of?3.4±12.8 points for PDQ-8 and-6.8±19.7 points for NMSS were statistically significant versus baseline(both p<0.0001).Most of TEAEs(94.8%of events)were of mild or moderate intensity.TEAEs considered to be at least possibly related to opicapone were reported for 45.1%of patients,with dyskinesia(11.5%)and dry mouth(6.5%)being the most frequently reported.Serious TEAEs considered at least possibly related to opicapone were reported for 1.4%of patients.Conclusions:Opicapone 50 mg was effective and generally well-tolerated in PD patients with motor fluctuations treated in clinical practice.
文摘Background: Dienogest is a potential treatment for pelvic pain associated with endometriosis, a condition of significant concern in gynaecology. The current study was conducted as a crossover-randomized bioequivalence assessment of two oral Dienogest 2 mg formulations, aiming to provide valuable insights for healthcare professionals and researchers in this field. Objective: The primary aim of this research was to evaluate and compare the pharmacokinetic characteristics of Dienogest 2 mg tablets. Dinogest (Dienogest 2 mg) tablets, manufactured by Nuvista Pharma Limited in Bangladesh, and Visanne (Dienogest 2 mg) tablets, manufactured by Bayer Pharma in Germany, were the test and reference formulations, respectively. Materials and Method: The study was an open-label, balanced, randomized, two treatments, two sequences, two periods, two-way crossover, laboratory blind, single oral dose bioequivalence study conducted in healthy adult females under fasting conditions. The study was carried out on 13 healthy, non-pregnant female subjects, and all the subjects completed both study periods with a 15-day washout in between. Randomization was used to assign the test and reference formulations to the subjects. Following each oral administration, a series of blood samples were obtained at different time intervals from pre-dose to 72 hours post-dose and analyzed for Dienogest concentrations using a validated bio-analytical method. A standard non-compartmental model was used to analyze the pharmacokinetic parameters. The primary pharmacokinetic parameters were peak plasma drug concentration (C<sub>max</sub>), the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to time t (AUC<sub>0–t</sub>), and AUC from t = 0 to infinity (AUC<sub>0–∞</sub>). The other PK parameters included time to reach C<sub>max</sub> (T<sub>max</sub>), terminal elimination rate constant (K<sub>el</sub>), and half-life (t<sub>1/2</sub>). Result: The ratios and 90% CI for the geometric mean test/reference were 95.53% (86.70% - 105.26%) for C<sub>max</sub>, 101.75% (95.42% - 108.49%) for AUC<sub>0</sub><sub>−</sub><sub>t</sub>, and 101.54% (95.59%% - 107.87%) for AUC<sub>0</sub><sub>−</sub><sub>∞</sub>. The formulations were bioequivalent since the 90% CIs for the geometric mean test/reference ratios were 80% to 125%, according to the predetermined range of US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requirements. Conclusion: This single-dose investigation shows that the Dienogest test and reference formulations exhibited a rate and degree of absorption that met the regulatory requirements for bioequivalence.
文摘BACKGROUND Previous systematic reviews have consistently reported that coffee consumption has a preventive effect on the occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).However,further evaluations between coffee consumption and the risk of T2DM in Asian populations are needed.AIM To conduct a meta-epidemiological study on systematic reviews evaluating the association between coffee consumption and the risk of T2DM in Asian people.METHODS The selection criterion was defined as a population-based prospective cohort study evaluating the association between coffee consumption and the risk of T2DM in Asian populations,reporting the adjusted relative risk(RR)and its 95%confidence interval(CI)for potential confounders.A fixed-effect model metaanalysis was applied to calculate the summary RR and its 95%CI in less than 50%of the I2 value indicating the level of heterogeneity.A two-stage fixed-effects doseresponse meta-analysis(DRMA)was performed to calculate the risk per unit dose(a cup per day).RESULTS A total of seven studies were selected in this meta-epidemiological study.The risk of T2DM in Asian populations was significantly reduced in the highest to the lowest dose group(summary RR=0.73,95%CI:0.66-0.82;I2 value=0.0%).The DRMA showed that drinking one cup of coffee per day reduced the risk of T2DM in Asian populations by 8%(RR=0.92,95%CI:0.90-0.95).CONCLUSION These findings support the conclusion that coffee consumption has a protective effect on the occurrence of T2DM in Asian men and women.
文摘Of Studies is an important one in The Essays of Francis Bacon, of which words are concise and refining, reasoning is profound and logic. Wang Zuoliang's translated version is so efficient and smooth with classical Chinese style that it perfectly reveals the original text, turning out to be the best version among all the translation of Of Studies. This thesis compares Of Studies and Wang Zuoliang's translated version to analyze their linguistic feature in terms of diction, sentence and figures of speech.
文摘Randomized controlled trials(RCTs) are the gold standard in terms of study design, however, in the surgical setting conducting RCTs can often be unethical or logistically impossible. Case-control studies should become the major study design used in surgical research when RCTs are unable to be conducted and definitely replacing case series which offer little insight into surgical outcomes and disease processes.
文摘Using comparative molecular field analysis approach, the interaction of 17 tetrahydroprotdederines to D1 reccptor and15 ones to D2 reccptor have ben studied by 3D-QsAR. respectively. The results indicated that the interactions of THPBs withdopamine receplors were primarily clectrostatic interactions. with more positive charge in lignnd and more negative in receptor.
文摘Some geological studies were performed in the Rafflesia Trail, near Kampung Jedip, in Lojing Highlands, Kelantan. This area is famous for its Rafflesia and has become one of the tourism attractions in Kelantan. However, the recent development of agricultural activities has significant effects on the area. The objective of these studies is to give substantial geological information including geomorphology, lithology, structural features, geohazard potentials, and water quality analysis in the study area. Desk study was conducted by reviewing some literatures related to the topic and the study area. Field work was organized during a scientific expedition in January 2014, to collect data, samples, and photographs. Geomorphologically, the study area is a mountainous area which mostly consists of mountain ridges and mountain valleys. Some fluvial features occur in the study area, such as waterfalls, cascades, rapids, runs, pools, potholes, lateral bars, and point bars. This area is composed of granitic rocks, mostly granite porphyry, and covered by superficial deposits of Quaternary age. The geological structure that is commonly found in the study area is joints, where they divide the rock body into large, roughly angular blocks, which is called as brecciation. The potential geohazard in the study area is landslides, where some of them are composed of soil only and others are mixtures of rock and soil. The water quality analysis has managed to identify that the stream water in this area generally has the quality of Class III (according to INWQS for Malaysia). These studies recommend that this area should be supported as a sustainable tourism site in Lojing Highlands.
文摘Deconjugation of cyclopent-2-enone aldols were attempted under various conditions, and the desired deconjugated product was achieved via dianion approach. Various results obtained in this study are explained by structure and transition state analysis.
文摘Utility of geochemistry in mineral exploration is known since more than half-a-century.In reconnaissance diamond exploration,regolith geochemistry is a well known tool worldwide and helps in distinguishing bedrock
文摘Bluetooth technology emerged over twenty years ago and has continuously improved throughout the years to meet diverse and complex applications. Initially invented to replace the need for physical data cables, Bluetooth offers users a quick and easy way to share data files over a wireless network. Traffic engineers and transportation engineering researchers have utilized the potential opportunities that exist with Bluetooth and have implemented this technology into traffic monitoring techniques. To gain a better understanding of Bluetooth sensors and how they work, a comprehensive literature search was conducted. Twenty-five articles were studied regarding case studies of Bluetooth sensor implementation for travel time measurement. Besides reviewing the literature and previous case studies, three new case studies in the State of Delaware, USA, were also conducted and carefully analyzed. The benefits and drawbacks associated with Bluetooth technology for travel time measurements have been identified in this paper. The overall conclusion of the authors is Bluetooth alone and by itself is not a proper technology for travel time measurements. More studies need to be conducted on the accuracy and overall application, before one can confidently utilize the Bluetooth technology for travel time measurements.
文摘Existing skin adhesives may, however, cause inflammatory response to toxicity of formaldehyde generated as hydrolysate of polycyanoacrylate (the main ingredient), delay in wound closure due to the adhesive’s flowing into the wound from the edges, or a wide scar. EpinexusTM (Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.), the skin adhesive used for this study, was developed to prevent these risks. For the method of this study, This was a single-center, open-label, single-arm, intervention study of an acrylate skin adhesive, EpinexusTM. The primary endpoint was safety. The secondary endpoints were wound closure, cosmetic outcome (Manchester Scar Scale), and usability. Failures and adverse events were also appropriately evaluated. As a result, there were no particular adverse events such as inflammatory findings, which demonstrated that there is no problem in safety. Some common adverse events were observed, but no adverse events for which a causal relationship cannot be ruled out or failures. As a conclusion, there was no problem in wound closure, cosmetic outcome, or usability. This was a pilot study of EpinexusTM of an ongoing, single-center, open-label, parallel-group, comparative study in 60 subjects comparing EpinexusTMwith an existing skin adhesive, Dermabond? Advanced.
文摘BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection is a prevalent disease encountered in military internal medicine and recognized as the main cause of dyspepsia,gastritis,and peptic ulcer,which are common diseases in military personnel.Current guidelines in China state all patients with evidence of active infection with H.pylori are offered treatment.However,the prevalence of H.pylori infection and its regional distribution in the military population remain unclear,which hinders effective prevention and treatment strategies.Understanding the prevalence of H.pylori infection in the military population will aid in the development of customized strategies to better manage this infectious disease.AIM To investigate the prevalence of H.pylori infection in the Chinese military population in different geographic areas.METHODS This multicenter,retrospective study included 22421 individuals from five tertiary hospitals located in north,east,southwest,and northwest cities of China.H.pylori infection was identified using the urea breath test,which had been performed between January 2020 and December 2021.RESULTS Of the 22421 military service members,7416(33.1%)were urea breath test-positive.The highest prevalence of H.pylori was in the 30-39 years age group for military personnel,with an infection rate of 34.9%.The majority of infected subjects were younger than 40-years-old,accounting for 70.4%of the infected population.The individuals serviced in Lanzhou and Chengdu showed a higher infection prevalence than those in Beijing,Nanjing,and Guangzhou,with prevalence rates of 44.3%,37.9%,29.0%,31.1%,and 32.3%,respectively.CONCLUSION H.pylori infection remains a common infectious disease among military personnel in China and has a relatively high prevalence rate in northwest China.
