Conventionally, mining industry relies on a deterministic view, where a unique mine plan is determined based on a single resource model. A major shortfall of this approach is the inability to assess the risk caused by...Conventionally, mining industry relies on a deterministic view, where a unique mine plan is determined based on a single resource model. A major shortfall of this approach is the inability to assess the risk caused by the well-known geological uncertainty, i.e. the in situ grade and tonnage variability of the mineral deposit. Despite some recent attempts in developing stochastic mine planning models which have demonstrated promising results, the industry still remains sceptical about this innovative idea. With respect to unbiased linear estimation, kriging is the most popular and reliable deterministic interpolation technique for resource estimation and it appears to remain its popularity in the near future. This paper presents a new systematic framework to quantify the risk of kriging-based mining projects due to the geological uncertainties. Firstly, conditional simulation is implemented to generate a series of equally-probable orebody realisations and these realisations are then compared with the kriged resource model to analyse its geological uncertainty. Secondly, a production schedule over the life of mine is determined based on the kriged resource model. Finally, risk profiles of that production schedule, namely ore and waste tonnage production, blending grade and Net Present Value （NPV）, are constructed using the orebody realisations. The proposed model was applied on a multi-element deposit and the result demonstrates that that the kriging-based mine plan is unlikely to meet the production targets. Especially, the kriging-based mine plan overestimated the expected NPV at a magnitude of 6.70% to 7.34% （135 M$ to 151 M$）. A new multivariate conditional simulation framework was also introduced in this paper to cope with the multivariate nature of the deposit. Although an iron ore deposit is used to prove the concepts, the method can easily be adapted to other kinds of mineral deposits, including surface coal mine.展开更多
This paper discribes the importance and necessity of the study on the data structures for displaying the mining field using the interactive technology in open pit design and planning,based upon the grid block model. T...This paper discribes the importance and necessity of the study on the data structures for displaying the mining field using the interactive technology in open pit design and planning,based upon the grid block model. The commonly used data structures--rectangular array structure and quadtree structure ,are analyzed. Two compressed data structures--compressed circular link array structure and compressed doubly-linked circular array structure,are proposed,which are much more suitable for displaying the regularly gridded block model. When the two compressed data structures are adopted,the storage space can be tremendously saved and the algorithms are simple,while the requirements of the accuracy and the manipulating speed will be both satisfied for the interactive open pit short range plan formulation.展开更多
November 28, 2014--Reeently, MIIT issued the ＂Opinions On Open Access To Broadband Market （Draft）＂, which regulates that private enterprises should be enc：ouraged to participate in the construction and operation ...November 28, 2014--Reeently, MIIT issued the ＂Opinions On Open Access To Broadband Market （Draft）＂, which regulates that private enterprises should be enc：ouraged to participate in the construction and operation of broadband access network infrastructure; encourage the private enterprises to participate in the relevant investment and carry out cooperation with infrastructure companies anti provide broadband resale services etc. The mainthree telecom operators shall not sign exclusive agreements with private enterprises and dynamic adjustment mechanism of prices should be estahlished.展开更多
his paper examines planning management problems in a Multiagentbased Distributed Open Computing Environment Model (MDOCEM). First the meaning of planning management in MDOCEM is introduced, and then a formal method to...his paper examines planning management problems in a Multiagentbased Distributed Open Computing Environment Model (MDOCEM). First the meaning of planning management in MDOCEM is introduced, and then a formal method to describe the associated task partition problems is presented, and a heuristic algorithm which gives an approximate optimum solution is given. Finally the task coordination and integration of execution results are discussed.展开更多
According to the particularity of the open pit, the main influencing factors of mining quantity about mineral resources have been summarized systematically in life cycle and the structured hierarchical relation of its...According to the particularity of the open pit, the main influencing factors of mining quantity about mineral resources have been summarized systematically in life cycle and the structured hierarchical relation of its influencing factors has been constructed. In the light of the production process of open pit, the functional relationships between investment, mining cost and mining quantity have been defined based on the process of mining and loading so that the relation of the life cycle cost and mining quantity can be set up. And what’s more, in order to obtain the maximum economic profit of mining enterprises in life cycle, the planning model of mining quantity has been established based on the life cycle cost. The rational distribution of mining quantity will have been found on the condition of obtaining optimal solution about the planning model so as to determine scientifically the production scale of mining enterprises from the point of view of the sustainable development.展开更多
Open Space Ratio(OSR)是《1961纽约市区划决议案》中居住环境控制的核心概念与重要指标,自1990年代始国内的许多学者引进这个概念,并倡导作为规划控制指标,因此也催生了中文术语"空地率"。本文系统梳理国内有关"OSR&qu...Open Space Ratio(OSR)是《1961纽约市区划决议案》中居住环境控制的核心概念与重要指标,自1990年代始国内的许多学者引进这个概念,并倡导作为规划控制指标,因此也催生了中文术语"空地率"。本文系统梳理国内有关"OSR"和"空地率"研究的30余年学术文献,基于《1961纽约市区划决议案》的法律文本,对OSR的译名及其概念作出全面的阐释,澄清了OSR指标的意义、应用目的及其范围,辨析了OSR与中文术语"空地率"本质性的概念差异,建议将OSR指标引入控制性详细规划的居住环境控制,调整和完善我国控制性详细规划的指标控制体系。展开更多
Shenzhen Special Economic Zone has achieved remarkable progress through the 30-year development. The change from the past frontier town to the current megacity makes urban planning practices of Shenzhen City significa...Shenzhen Special Economic Zone has achieved remarkable progress through the 30-year development. The change from the past frontier town to the current megacity makes urban planning practices of Shenzhen City significant for the exploration of other Chinese cities. Combining with significant planning events of Shenzhen City, this paper divided its urban planning history into 3 stages: exploration, transformation and improvement, and particularly introduced its overall planning, urban design, and statutory plan, and finally proposed suggestions for other cities' development on the basis of urban planning history of Shenzhen.展开更多
针对特高压接入的输电网网架错综复杂、远景适应性差,甚至出现网架规划与开环分区决策相互独立导致资源浪费等问题,该文引入奇异值分解(singular value decomposition,SVD)和特征索引技术,提出了一种考虑电磁环网开环分区和500/220kV典...针对特高压接入的输电网网架错综复杂、远景适应性差,甚至出现网架规划与开环分区决策相互独立导致资源浪费等问题,该文引入奇异值分解(singular value decomposition,SVD)和特征索引技术,提出了一种考虑电磁环网开环分区和500/220kV典型供电结构的输电网多阶段规划方法。首先,提取典型供电结构的路径特征,制定了一种基于标签路径特征的典型供电结构索引策略;然后,构建了一种基于SVD的典型供电结构相似度指标,基于此,以全局典型供电结构相似程度最大为目标,建立了相似度识别规划模型;最后,提出了一种反馈调节机制及求解方法,统筹协调各阶段网架规划和开环分区之间的决策信息。与传统规划方法相比,该文方法不仅能够避免不同阶段开环分区决策导致的资源浪费,还可以减少复杂的规划评估指标计算,构建供电可靠性高、运行方式灵活、远景适应性强的网架结构。基于湖南某地区实际电网算例验证了该文方法的准确性和有效性。展开更多
The study adopted the theory of planned behavior (TPB) as research model to inspect what factors would influence consumers to purchase cosmetics by adding brand image, involvement, consumer knowledge and openness to e...The study adopted the theory of planned behavior (TPB) as research model to inspect what factors would influence consumers to purchase cosmetics by adding brand image, involvement, consumer knowledge and openness to experience to the model. A 7-point Likert scale questionnaire was designed to measure TPB items and totally 400 valid respondents were collected online. The results show that among the above, only “perceived behavioral control” has positive influence on intention of purchasing cosmetics. Neither attitude nor subjective norm has significant influence on purchasing intention. In addition, brand image and involvement have no significant influence on purchasing intention but consumer knowledge and openness to experience were found to have positive influence on purchasing intention.展开更多
文摘Conventionally, mining industry relies on a deterministic view, where a unique mine plan is determined based on a single resource model. A major shortfall of this approach is the inability to assess the risk caused by the well-known geological uncertainty, i.e. the in situ grade and tonnage variability of the mineral deposit. Despite some recent attempts in developing stochastic mine planning models which have demonstrated promising results, the industry still remains sceptical about this innovative idea. With respect to unbiased linear estimation, kriging is the most popular and reliable deterministic interpolation technique for resource estimation and it appears to remain its popularity in the near future. This paper presents a new systematic framework to quantify the risk of kriging-based mining projects due to the geological uncertainties. Firstly, conditional simulation is implemented to generate a series of equally-probable orebody realisations and these realisations are then compared with the kriged resource model to analyse its geological uncertainty. Secondly, a production schedule over the life of mine is determined based on the kriged resource model. Finally, risk profiles of that production schedule, namely ore and waste tonnage production, blending grade and Net Present Value （NPV）, are constructed using the orebody realisations. The proposed model was applied on a multi-element deposit and the result demonstrates that that the kriging-based mine plan is unlikely to meet the production targets. Especially, the kriging-based mine plan overestimated the expected NPV at a magnitude of 6.70% to 7.34% （135 M$ to 151 M$）. A new multivariate conditional simulation framework was also introduced in this paper to cope with the multivariate nature of the deposit. Although an iron ore deposit is used to prove the concepts, the method can easily be adapted to other kinds of mineral deposits, including surface coal mine.
文摘This paper discribes the importance and necessity of the study on the data structures for displaying the mining field using the interactive technology in open pit design and planning,based upon the grid block model. The commonly used data structures--rectangular array structure and quadtree structure ,are analyzed. Two compressed data structures--compressed circular link array structure and compressed doubly-linked circular array structure,are proposed,which are much more suitable for displaying the regularly gridded block model. When the two compressed data structures are adopted,the storage space can be tremendously saved and the algorithms are simple,while the requirements of the accuracy and the manipulating speed will be both satisfied for the interactive open pit short range plan formulation.
文摘November 28, 2014--Reeently, MIIT issued the ＂Opinions On Open Access To Broadband Market （Draft）＂, which regulates that private enterprises should be enc：ouraged to participate in the construction and operation of broadband access network infrastructure; encourage the private enterprises to participate in the relevant investment and carry out cooperation with infrastructure companies anti provide broadband resale services etc. The mainthree telecom operators shall not sign exclusive agreements with private enterprises and dynamic adjustment mechanism of prices should be estahlished.
文摘his paper examines planning management problems in a Multiagentbased Distributed Open Computing Environment Model (MDOCEM). First the meaning of planning management in MDOCEM is introduced, and then a formal method to describe the associated task partition problems is presented, and a heuristic algorithm which gives an approximate optimum solution is given. Finally the task coordination and integration of execution results are discussed.
文摘According to the particularity of the open pit, the main influencing factors of mining quantity about mineral resources have been summarized systematically in life cycle and the structured hierarchical relation of its influencing factors has been constructed. In the light of the production process of open pit, the functional relationships between investment, mining cost and mining quantity have been defined based on the process of mining and loading so that the relation of the life cycle cost and mining quantity can be set up. And what’s more, in order to obtain the maximum economic profit of mining enterprises in life cycle, the planning model of mining quantity has been established based on the life cycle cost. The rational distribution of mining quantity will have been found on the condition of obtaining optimal solution about the planning model so as to determine scientifically the production scale of mining enterprises from the point of view of the sustainable development.
文摘Open Space Ratio(OSR)是《1961纽约市区划决议案》中居住环境控制的核心概念与重要指标,自1990年代始国内的许多学者引进这个概念,并倡导作为规划控制指标,因此也催生了中文术语"空地率"。本文系统梳理国内有关"OSR"和"空地率"研究的30余年学术文献,基于《1961纽约市区划决议案》的法律文本,对OSR的译名及其概念作出全面的阐释,澄清了OSR指标的意义、应用目的及其范围,辨析了OSR与中文术语"空地率"本质性的概念差异,建议将OSR指标引入控制性详细规划的居住环境控制,调整和完善我国控制性详细规划的指标控制体系。
基金Sponsored by"Twelfth Five-year Plan"of Jiangxi Provincial Social Science Program(14SH05)Humanities and Social Science Program of Jiangxi Provincial Universities and Colleges(JC1434)Jiangxi Provincial Arts and Science Program(YG2014113)
文摘Shenzhen Special Economic Zone has achieved remarkable progress through the 30-year development. The change from the past frontier town to the current megacity makes urban planning practices of Shenzhen City significant for the exploration of other Chinese cities. Combining with significant planning events of Shenzhen City, this paper divided its urban planning history into 3 stages: exploration, transformation and improvement, and particularly introduced its overall planning, urban design, and statutory plan, and finally proposed suggestions for other cities' development on the basis of urban planning history of Shenzhen.
文摘针对特高压接入的输电网网架错综复杂、远景适应性差,甚至出现网架规划与开环分区决策相互独立导致资源浪费等问题,该文引入奇异值分解(singular value decomposition,SVD)和特征索引技术,提出了一种考虑电磁环网开环分区和500/220kV典型供电结构的输电网多阶段规划方法。首先,提取典型供电结构的路径特征,制定了一种基于标签路径特征的典型供电结构索引策略;然后,构建了一种基于SVD的典型供电结构相似度指标,基于此,以全局典型供电结构相似程度最大为目标,建立了相似度识别规划模型;最后,提出了一种反馈调节机制及求解方法,统筹协调各阶段网架规划和开环分区之间的决策信息。与传统规划方法相比,该文方法不仅能够避免不同阶段开环分区决策导致的资源浪费,还可以减少复杂的规划评估指标计算,构建供电可靠性高、运行方式灵活、远景适应性强的网架结构。基于湖南某地区实际电网算例验证了该文方法的准确性和有效性。
文摘The study adopted the theory of planned behavior (TPB) as research model to inspect what factors would influence consumers to purchase cosmetics by adding brand image, involvement, consumer knowledge and openness to experience to the model. A 7-point Likert scale questionnaire was designed to measure TPB items and totally 400 valid respondents were collected online. The results show that among the above, only “perceived behavioral control” has positive influence on intention of purchasing cosmetics. Neither attitude nor subjective norm has significant influence on purchasing intention. In addition, brand image and involvement have no significant influence on purchasing intention but consumer knowledge and openness to experience were found to have positive influence on purchasing intention.
