Today,green and low-carbon development and technological innovation are mingling in what may emerge as the key narrative for human civilization.I was fortunate enough to have attended the 2024 Greater Bay Area(GBA)Sci...Today,green and low-carbon development and technological innovation are mingling in what may emerge as the key narrative for human civilization.I was fortunate enough to have attended the 2024 Greater Bay Area(GBA)Science Forum’s Green Energy Industry Innovation Sub-Forum and then the 2025 Zhongguancun Forum(ZGC Forum)Annual Conference.展开更多
1.Background of the open science movement Science is characterized by the demand for open communication within a community.In the early days,members of the scientific community exchanged their academic results through...1.Background of the open science movement Science is characterized by the demand for open communication within a community.In the early days,members of the scientific community exchanged their academic results through correspondence,and they later established academic organizations to organize academic conferences,and to publish academic journals to strengthen communication.展开更多
There is an increasing consensus among the international community that cooperation and the sharing of knowledge provide a pathway for solving global challenges and achieving sustainable development.As UNESCO has note...There is an increasing consensus among the international community that cooperation and the sharing of knowledge provide a pathway for solving global challenges and achieving sustainable development.As UNESCO has noted:'In the context of pressing planetary and socio-economic challenges,sustainable and innovative solutions require an efficient,transparent and vibrant scientific effort—not only stemming from the scientific community,but from the whole society.'Thus arises the idea of open science,the principle of which is to allow'scientific information,data and outputs to be more widely accessible (open access) and more reliably harnessed (open data) with the active engagement of all relevant stakeholders (open to society)'(UNESCO,2020).展开更多
As the backbone of the open science campaign, open science infrastructures(OSIs) play an increasingly important role in scientific innovation and the digital transformation of society. Nevertheless, OSIs still have a ...As the backbone of the open science campaign, open science infrastructures(OSIs) play an increasingly important role in scientific innovation and the digital transformation of society. Nevertheless, OSIs still have a range of issues to contend with, particularly as they move towards more openness and a sustainable future. In this paper, as a case study of OSIs in China, we present the experience of operating Cloud RT—the first and only open-access cloud-native high-performance computing ray-tracing platform in the world.Quantitative analysis demonstrates how such an OSI can produce an interdisciplinary impact beyond expectations. Moreover, the value of Cloud RT is also shown through its acknowledgement by participants across the whole innovation chain, from pure science and engineering to applications in vertical industries. Both inspirations from this practice and its open challenges are discussed. Suggestions are put forward to guide the future efforts of stakeholders to develop a fruitful OSI ecosystem.展开更多
An open science readiness index(abbreviated as OSRI)is proposed to quantify the progression of open science.The index is accumulated by three related but separately measured dimensions:the readiness for open access,op...An open science readiness index(abbreviated as OSRI)is proposed to quantify the progression of open science.The index is accumulated by three related but separately measured dimensions:the readiness for open access,open data and open policy,respectively.Each composition is characterized by proxies attainable from publicized data.The readiness for open access is measured by the volume and intensity of scholarly output under open access mode,vectorized by the weighted sum of volume and the percentage under international collaboration.The readiness for open data is characterized by the sharing and accessing scopes of data,weighted by the academics,information accessibility,and reliability of those data.The readiness for open policy is counted by the confidence of open policy pertinent for the hierarchical levels of needs.The evolution of OSRI is exemplified by nine selected countries/regions under the current framework.The dynamics of OSRI is captured by an ascending curve from zero to one,approximately delineated by a logistic presentation with two parameters:the launching year and the transition speed of open science.展开更多
Purpose:This paper focuses on scientific journals’policies on open access and open science.The subject has gained increasing relevance,driven by the need for more-democratic access to knowledge and improved research ...Purpose:This paper focuses on scientific journals’policies on open access and open science.The subject has gained increasing relevance,driven by the need for more-democratic access to knowledge and improved research visibility,which require eliminating the financial,legal,and technical barriers that restrict access to scientific output.Design/methodology/approach:This paper uses the findings of FECYT’s 2023 Assessment of the Editorial and Scientific Quality of Spanish Scientific Journals,with 254 participating journals,as its case study.Open science indicators assess the transparency of policies on content access,reuse,openness,and reproducibility.Nonparametric tests analyse the relationship between the indicators and the dimensions of publisher type and subject area.Findings:High compliance rates are found for indicators related to publication licences and intellectual property rights.Only 37%of the journals examined post their editorial policy on Sherpa Romeo.Ninety-four percent publish open access.However,open peer review is rarely applied(0.38%of the journals).Journals in Communication,Information and Scientific Documentation,Fine Arts,Education Science,and Biomedical Sciences have high compliance percentages.Most journals(83%)are institutional,with universities and associations generally exhibiting better results.Research limitations:This study is based on specific indicators that do not cover all the factors that influence the transition toward open science;for example,editorial culture and technological infrastructure are not envisaged.Furthermore,differences in open science implementation are identified between disciplinary areas and between publisher types,but the underlying causes of these differences are not thoroughly investigated.Future research could address these points for a fuller understanding.Practical implications:This study highlights the need for journals to improve transparency by adopting open peer review and clear policies.These changes enhance accessibility and credibility,fostering inclusive knowledge dissemination.Institutions and policymakers should support these efforts to boost research impact.Originality/value:This study offers insights into open science practices in Spanish journals,a growing academic topic.Its originality lies in examining open science indicators across disciplines and publishers.By identifying strengths and gaps,the study helps journals enhance transparency.展开更多
Open innovation benefits from access to cutting-edge discoveries to increase their transformation into tangible applications for the benefit of society.Improving research quality has been proposed as a primary objecti...Open innovation benefits from access to cutting-edge discoveries to increase their transformation into tangible applications for the benefit of society.Improving research quality has been proposed as a primary objective of open science by the United Nations,to increase science reproducibility,impact,and trust,leading to robust decision-making and policies.However,opening access to data and processes is insufficient for researchers to achieve open innovation in the context of globalization,for example,by gathering insights from external and internal sources.Developing the appropriate mindset to manage complexity and generate synergy among researchers in academia,industry,and the government is essential to catalyze knowledge and transform it into relevant innovations for society.To gain insights into the roles and challenges of researchers aiming to bridge the gap between open science and open innovation,a decade-plus Mapping Literature Review was conducted based on the complex thinking paradigm.Complex thinking allows for novel connections of the information collected through open science and open innovation,considering different forms of engaging with alternative means of knowledge creation that may promote innovative and critical thinking.The findings revealed:a)broad positioning of the terms in the European Union;b)open access and open data as current driving themes;c)a constant trade-off between the terms“open data”and“information protection”;d)lack of studies on researchers’complex thinking to help them manage openness;e)absence of the environmental helix in the initiatives;and(f)challenges in innovative communication and collaborative practices among public and private entities.Overall,we identified an opportunity to develop researchers’complex thinking such that the openness of information becomes a shared responsibility among partners across multiple helices.This shared responsibility can have methodological implications that permeate how open science and open innovation are theorized and,in practice,facilitate the development of fundamental collaborative research procedures.展开更多
This paper focuses on research e-infrastructures in the open science era.We analyze some of the challenges and opportunities of cloud-based science and introduce an example of a national solution in the China Science ...This paper focuses on research e-infrastructures in the open science era.We analyze some of the challenges and opportunities of cloud-based science and introduce an example of a national solution in the China Science and Technology Cloud(CSTCloud).We selected three CSTCloud use cases in deploying open science modules,including scalable engineering in astronomical data management,integrated Earth-science resources for SDG-13 decision making,and the coupling of citizen science and artificial intelligence(AI)techniques in biodiversity.We conclude with a forecast on the future development of research e-infrastructures and introduce the idea of the Global Open Science Cloud(GOSC).We hope this analysis can provide some insights into the future development of research e-infrastructures in support of open science.展开更多
At the 19th G20 Summit in Brazil in November 2024,China promoted the development of sustainable solutions to climate change,biodiversity loss,and environmental pollution.This continued the theme of the 2016 G20 Hangzh...At the 19th G20 Summit in Brazil in November 2024,China promoted the development of sustainable solutions to climate change,biodiversity loss,and environmental pollution.This continued the theme of the 2016 G20 Hangzhou Summit,at which China placed development at the center of the G20’s macroeconomic policy coordination for the first time,adopting the G20 Action Plan on the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the G20 Initiative on Supporting Industrialization in Africa and Least Developed Countries.In Brazil,China announced actions on advancing modernization in Africa over the next three years with a Chinese commitment of RMB360 billion yuan in financial support.In this article,we examine the potential role of geoscience research and practice in development,particularly in the sustainable use of natural resources,the prevention of climate change impacts,as well as mitigation of geo-hazards and their health implications,indicating the areas where China’s geoscience for Africa is strong and where it requires more effort.We find that although China is the world’s leading publisher of scientific papers,its contribution to geoscience in Africa(the globe’s fastest-growing economic area),as shown by bibliometric research,appears to be rather small and inconsistent with the research priorities of Africa.Amongst the priorities for geoscience research in Africa,which are not addressed substantially by the research conducted so far,are sustainable mineral and hydrocarbon development,hydrology and hydrogeology,climate change and resilience,natural hazards,medical geology,agrominerals,and geoscience education and training.A particular opportunity for African nations is the presence of critical minerals-minerals needed for the energy transition and for batteries for electric cars in particular.Africa is well-endowed with many of these critical materials,such as rare earth elements and platinum group metals.Several research groups stress the need for the agency on the part of African institutions to map out these valuable resources,understand their value and the economics and sustainability of their extraction,encourage local business,attract investment,and scrutinize proposals from potential international investors to get the best deals.A strong point of existing China-led geoscience development includes the Deep-time Digital Earth(DDE)program online computing platform and its artificial intelligence tool GeoGPT,which is being developed in partnership with Zhejiang Laboratory.These are being developed with strong China funding support for free and wide global access,with a particular focus on Africa.These advanced tools will help to place the agency of development squarely in the hands of African scientists and institutions.In summary,the following are recommended:(1)a more coordinated and strategic approach to China-led geoscience research in Africa;(2)an Africa-centered,geoscience funding initiative that concentrates on relevant topics to the continent such as critical minerals exploration and other geological resources,materials and processes and their health implications on the populations and ecosystems in general,as well as climate change and climate change resilience;and(3)continued support for China-led international initiatives that seek to increase the agency and capacity of Africa geoscience researchers,for example the Deep-time Digital Earth platform.展开更多
Data Science(DS)as defined by Jim Gray is an emerging paradigm in all research areas to help finding non-obvious patterns of relevance in large distributed data collections.“Open Science by Design”(OSD),i.e.,making ...Data Science(DS)as defined by Jim Gray is an emerging paradigm in all research areas to help finding non-obvious patterns of relevance in large distributed data collections.“Open Science by Design”(OSD),i.e.,making artefacts such as data,metadata,models,and algorithms available and re-usable to peers and beyond as early as possible,is a pre-requisite for a flourishing DS landscape.However,a few major aspects can be identified hampering a fast transition:(1)The classical“Open Science by Publication”(OSP)is not sufficient any longer since it serves different functions,leads to non-acceptable delays and is associated with high curation costs.Changing data lab practices towards OSD requires more fundamental changes than OSP.(2)The classical publication-oriented models for metrics,mainly informed by citations,will not work anymore since the roles of contributors are more difficult to assess and will often change,i.e.,other ways for assigning incentives and recognition need to be found.(3)The huge investments in developing DS skills and capacities by some global companies and strong countries is leading to imbalances and fears by different stakeholders hampering the acceptance of Open Science(OS).(4)Finally,OSD will depend on the availability of a global infrastructure fostering an integrated and interoperable data domain-“one data-domain”as George Strawn calls it-which is still not visible due to differences about the technological key pillars.OS therefore is a need for DS,but it will take much more time to implement it than we may have expected.展开更多
Research Data Management(RDM)has become increasingly important for more and more academic institutions.Using the Peking University Open Research Data Repository(PKU-ORDR)project as an example,this paper will review a ...Research Data Management(RDM)has become increasingly important for more and more academic institutions.Using the Peking University Open Research Data Repository(PKU-ORDR)project as an example,this paper will review a library-based university-wide open research data repository project and related RDM services implementation process including project kickoff,needs assessment,partnerships establishment,software investigation and selection,software customization,as well as data curation services and training.Through the review,some issues revealed during the stages of the implementation process are also discussed and addressed in the paper such as awareness of research data,demands from data providers and users,data policies and requirements from home institution,requirements from funding agencies and publishers,the collaboration between administrative units and libraries,and concerns from data providers and users.The significance of the study is that the paper shows an example of creating an Open Data repository and RDM services for other Chinese academic libraries planning to implement their RDM services for their home institutions.The authors of the paper have also observed since the PKU-ORDR and RDM services implemented in 2015,the Peking University Library(PKUL)has helped numerous researchers to support the entire research life cycle and enhanced Open Science(OS)practices on campus,as well as impacted the national OS movement in China through various national events and activities hosted by the PKUL.展开更多
The introduction of a new technology or innovation is often accompanied by“ups and downs”in its fortunes.Gartner Inc.defined a so-called hype cycle to describe a general pattern that many innovations experience:tech...The introduction of a new technology or innovation is often accompanied by“ups and downs”in its fortunes.Gartner Inc.defined a so-called hype cycle to describe a general pattern that many innovations experience:technology trigger,peak of inflated expectations,trough of disillusionment,slope of enlightenment,and plateau of productivity.This article will compare the ongoing introduction of Open Science(OS)with the hype cycle model and speculate on the relevance of that model to OS.Lest the title of this article mislead the reader,be assured that the author believes that OS should happen and that it will happen.However,I also believe that the path to OS will be longer than many of us had hoped.I will give a brief history of the today’s“semi-open”science,define what I mean by OS,define the hype cycle and where OS is now on that cycle,and finally speculate what it will take to traverse the cycle and rise to its plateau of productivity(as described by Gartner).展开更多
Citizen Science(CS)is a prominent field of application for Open Science(OS),and the two have strong synergies,such as:advocating for the data and metadata generated through science to be made publicly available[1];sup...Citizen Science(CS)is a prominent field of application for Open Science(OS),and the two have strong synergies,such as:advocating for the data and metadata generated through science to be made publicly available[1];supporting more equitable collaboration between different types of scientists and citizens;and facilitating knowledge transfer to a wider range of audiences[2].While primarily targeted at CS,the EU-Citizen.Science platform can also support OS.One of its key functions is to act as a knowledge hub to aggregate,disseminate and promote experience and know-how;for example,by profiling CS projects and collecting tools,resources and training materials relevant to both fields.To do this,the platform has developed an information architecture that incorporates the public participation in scientific research(PPSR)-Common Conceptual Model.This model consists of the Project Metadata Model,the Dataset Metadata Model and the Observation Data Model,which were specifically developed for CS initiatives.By implementing these,the platform will strengthen the interoperating arrangements that exist between other,similar platforms(e.g.,BioCollect and SciStarter)to ensure that CS and OS continue to grow globally in terms of participants,impact and fields of application.展开更多
Semantic technologies have emerged as a prominent research area within Big Earth Data.These technologies have provided significant benefits for data discovery and integration.Yet,the formality of the Semantic Web,in l...Semantic technologies have emerged as a prominent research area within Big Earth Data.These technologies have provided significant benefits for data discovery and integration.Yet,the formality of the Semantic Web,in languages such as the Web Ontology Language(OWL),does not always integrate well with the numerical,statistical,and geometric methods of the geosciences.Two prominent challenges in this area are how to semantically model individual measurements and what to do when geoscience needs are not addressed by languages such as OWL.This has led to a fragmented Big Earth Data community with either no solution or incompatible semantic solutions.We use an oceanographic example to highlight the limitations and challenges surrounding the semantic encoding of observations and the use of semantics during analysis.We then present potential solutions to each challenge showing that a full end-to-end application of semantic technologies is not only feasible,but beneficial to Big Earth Data.展开更多
This article will document how the European Open Science Cloud(EOSC)emerged as one of the key policy intentions to foster Open Science(OS)in Europe.It will describe some of the typical,non-rational roadblocks on the w...This article will document how the European Open Science Cloud(EOSC)emerged as one of the key policy intentions to foster Open Science(OS)in Europe.It will describe some of the typical,non-rational roadblocks on the way to implement EOSC.The article will also argue that the only way Europe can take care of its research data in a way that fits the European specificities fully,is by supporting EOSC.展开更多
This article invites us to a concise walk through the past,offering insights defined by the major challenges science encountered during the centuries.Some lessons for today and tomorrow are enumerated in the three sec...This article invites us to a concise walk through the past,offering insights defined by the major challenges science encountered during the centuries.Some lessons for today and tomorrow are enumerated in the three sections of the article,and they go beyond the relatively few perspectives offered by today’s Data Science:Open Science(OS)is what has always happened and is nothing new,because science has always sought to be open.Esthetical values played a relevant role in the past.Former scientists recognized the intrinsic relation between the way they opened science and the way they followed the principles of beauty and the sense of esthetic.Their groundbreaking heritage still inspires us in being ready to open new ways in science.Whereas Latin was the original lingua franca of European science,and English is the recent lingua franca,the new lingua franca is software.Pieces of software are the filter,which connect researchers to the world,through layers of data.They assist in observing,in choosing,and in selecting.Open scientists should be aware of the fact that their autonomy in science depends on the quality of these pieces.Another lesson is that ethics-regarded as a source of innovative activities-must be a core component of innovative processes in OS,because society needs a responsible use of data and algorithms in corresponding practices that serve OS.展开更多
The scientific,social,and economic advantages that accrue from Open Science(OS)practices-ways of doing research that emphasize reproducibility,transparency,and accessibility at all stages of the research cycle-are now...The scientific,social,and economic advantages that accrue from Open Science(OS)practices-ways of doing research that emphasize reproducibility,transparency,and accessibility at all stages of the research cycle-are now widely recognized in nations around the world and by international bodies such as the United Nations and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.However,program wide or coordinated instruction of undergraduate students in OS practices remains uncommon.At the University of British Columbia in Canada,we have started to develop a comprehensive undergraduate OS program that can be adapted to and woven into diverse subject curricula.We report on the context and planning of the pilot module of the program,“Open Science 101”,its implementation in first-year Biology in Fall 2019,and qualitative results of an attitudinal survey of students following their course.展开更多
The open science campaign has attracted worldwide interest in academia and funding agencies, largely due to a recent policy statement by UNESCO. The momentum is fuelled by the inclusive nature of scientific research. ...The open science campaign has attracted worldwide interest in academia and funding agencies, largely due to a recent policy statement by UNESCO. The momentum is fuelled by the inclusive nature of scientific research. This study focuses on the topological and dynamic quantification of open and inclusive science as measured in the appropriate dimensions, proposing that the domain of open and inclusive science may be enlarged by balancing the gains and responsibilities of the major stakeholders for knowledge generation and communication. The guiding principles for harmonious engagement in this domain are postulated.The current status of open and inclusive science in China is reviewed based on an array of statistics, which indicate that China is emerging as an important partner in this worldwide endeavour. The current barriers in China's development of open and inclusive science are delineated, and possible pathways to circumvent those difficulties are outlined.展开更多
文摘Today,green and low-carbon development and technological innovation are mingling in what may emerge as the key narrative for human civilization.I was fortunate enough to have attended the 2024 Greater Bay Area(GBA)Science Forum’s Green Energy Industry Innovation Sub-Forum and then the 2025 Zhongguancun Forum(ZGC Forum)Annual Conference.
文摘1.Background of the open science movement Science is characterized by the demand for open communication within a community.In the early days,members of the scientific community exchanged their academic results through correspondence,and they later established academic organizations to organize academic conferences,and to publish academic journals to strengthen communication.
文摘There is an increasing consensus among the international community that cooperation and the sharing of knowledge provide a pathway for solving global challenges and achieving sustainable development.As UNESCO has noted:'In the context of pressing planetary and socio-economic challenges,sustainable and innovative solutions require an efficient,transparent and vibrant scientific effort—not only stemming from the scientific community,but from the whole society.'Thus arises the idea of open science,the principle of which is to allow'scientific information,data and outputs to be more widely accessible (open access) and more reliably harnessed (open data) with the active engagement of all relevant stakeholders (open to society)'(UNESCO,2020).
基金supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant no.L212029)the State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety(Contract no.RCS2020ZZ005),Beijing Jiaotong University
文摘As the backbone of the open science campaign, open science infrastructures(OSIs) play an increasingly important role in scientific innovation and the digital transformation of society. Nevertheless, OSIs still have a range of issues to contend with, particularly as they move towards more openness and a sustainable future. In this paper, as a case study of OSIs in China, we present the experience of operating Cloud RT—the first and only open-access cloud-native high-performance computing ray-tracing platform in the world.Quantitative analysis demonstrates how such an OSI can produce an interdisciplinary impact beyond expectations. Moreover, the value of Cloud RT is also shown through its acknowledgement by participants across the whole innovation chain, from pure science and engineering to applications in vertical industries. Both inspirations from this practice and its open challenges are discussed. Suggestions are put forward to guide the future efforts of stakeholders to develop a fruitful OSI ecosystem.
基金the supports by CAS(2022-X01-B-008)and NSFC(L2124038).
文摘An open science readiness index(abbreviated as OSRI)is proposed to quantify the progression of open science.The index is accumulated by three related but separately measured dimensions:the readiness for open access,open data and open policy,respectively.Each composition is characterized by proxies attainable from publicized data.The readiness for open access is measured by the volume and intensity of scholarly output under open access mode,vectorized by the weighted sum of volume and the percentage under international collaboration.The readiness for open data is characterized by the sharing and accessing scopes of data,weighted by the academics,information accessibility,and reliability of those data.The readiness for open policy is counted by the confidence of open policy pertinent for the hierarchical levels of needs.The evolution of OSRI is exemplified by nine selected countries/regions under the current framework.The dynamics of OSRI is captured by an ascending curve from zero to one,approximately delineated by a logistic presentation with two parameters:the launching year and the transition speed of open science.
文摘Purpose:This paper focuses on scientific journals’policies on open access and open science.The subject has gained increasing relevance,driven by the need for more-democratic access to knowledge and improved research visibility,which require eliminating the financial,legal,and technical barriers that restrict access to scientific output.Design/methodology/approach:This paper uses the findings of FECYT’s 2023 Assessment of the Editorial and Scientific Quality of Spanish Scientific Journals,with 254 participating journals,as its case study.Open science indicators assess the transparency of policies on content access,reuse,openness,and reproducibility.Nonparametric tests analyse the relationship between the indicators and the dimensions of publisher type and subject area.Findings:High compliance rates are found for indicators related to publication licences and intellectual property rights.Only 37%of the journals examined post their editorial policy on Sherpa Romeo.Ninety-four percent publish open access.However,open peer review is rarely applied(0.38%of the journals).Journals in Communication,Information and Scientific Documentation,Fine Arts,Education Science,and Biomedical Sciences have high compliance percentages.Most journals(83%)are institutional,with universities and associations generally exhibiting better results.Research limitations:This study is based on specific indicators that do not cover all the factors that influence the transition toward open science;for example,editorial culture and technological infrastructure are not envisaged.Furthermore,differences in open science implementation are identified between disciplinary areas and between publisher types,but the underlying causes of these differences are not thoroughly investigated.Future research could address these points for a fuller understanding.Practical implications:This study highlights the need for journals to improve transparency by adopting open peer review and clear policies.These changes enhance accessibility and credibility,fostering inclusive knowledge dissemination.Institutions and policymakers should support these efforts to boost research impact.Originality/value:This study offers insights into open science practices in Spanish journals,a growing academic topic.Its originality lies in examining open science indicators across disciplines and publishers.By identifying strengths and gaps,the study helps journals enhance transparency.
基金the financial support of Tecnologico de Monterrey through the“Challenge-Based Research Funding Program 2022”.Project ID#I001-IFE001-C1-T1-E.
文摘Open innovation benefits from access to cutting-edge discoveries to increase their transformation into tangible applications for the benefit of society.Improving research quality has been proposed as a primary objective of open science by the United Nations,to increase science reproducibility,impact,and trust,leading to robust decision-making and policies.However,opening access to data and processes is insufficient for researchers to achieve open innovation in the context of globalization,for example,by gathering insights from external and internal sources.Developing the appropriate mindset to manage complexity and generate synergy among researchers in academia,industry,and the government is essential to catalyze knowledge and transform it into relevant innovations for society.To gain insights into the roles and challenges of researchers aiming to bridge the gap between open science and open innovation,a decade-plus Mapping Literature Review was conducted based on the complex thinking paradigm.Complex thinking allows for novel connections of the information collected through open science and open innovation,considering different forms of engaging with alternative means of knowledge creation that may promote innovative and critical thinking.The findings revealed:a)broad positioning of the terms in the European Union;b)open access and open data as current driving themes;c)a constant trade-off between the terms“open data”and“information protection”;d)lack of studies on researchers’complex thinking to help them manage openness;e)absence of the environmental helix in the initiatives;and(f)challenges in innovative communication and collaborative practices among public and private entities.Overall,we identified an opportunity to develop researchers’complex thinking such that the openness of information becomes a shared responsibility among partners across multiple helices.This shared responsibility can have methodological implications that permeate how open science and open innovation are theorized and,in practice,facilitate the development of fundamental collaborative research procedures.
基金supported by funding from the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFE0111500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.72104229)+1 种基金the CAS Program for fostering international mega-science(No.241711KYSB20200023)the CAS President's International Fellowship Initiative(No.2021VTA0006).
文摘This paper focuses on research e-infrastructures in the open science era.We analyze some of the challenges and opportunities of cloud-based science and introduce an example of a national solution in the China Science and Technology Cloud(CSTCloud).We selected three CSTCloud use cases in deploying open science modules,including scalable engineering in astronomical data management,integrated Earth-science resources for SDG-13 decision making,and the coupling of citizen science and artificial intelligence(AI)techniques in biodiversity.We conclude with a forecast on the future development of research e-infrastructures and introduce the idea of the Global Open Science Cloud(GOSC).We hope this analysis can provide some insights into the future development of research e-infrastructures in support of open science.
文摘At the 19th G20 Summit in Brazil in November 2024,China promoted the development of sustainable solutions to climate change,biodiversity loss,and environmental pollution.This continued the theme of the 2016 G20 Hangzhou Summit,at which China placed development at the center of the G20’s macroeconomic policy coordination for the first time,adopting the G20 Action Plan on the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the G20 Initiative on Supporting Industrialization in Africa and Least Developed Countries.In Brazil,China announced actions on advancing modernization in Africa over the next three years with a Chinese commitment of RMB360 billion yuan in financial support.In this article,we examine the potential role of geoscience research and practice in development,particularly in the sustainable use of natural resources,the prevention of climate change impacts,as well as mitigation of geo-hazards and their health implications,indicating the areas where China’s geoscience for Africa is strong and where it requires more effort.We find that although China is the world’s leading publisher of scientific papers,its contribution to geoscience in Africa(the globe’s fastest-growing economic area),as shown by bibliometric research,appears to be rather small and inconsistent with the research priorities of Africa.Amongst the priorities for geoscience research in Africa,which are not addressed substantially by the research conducted so far,are sustainable mineral and hydrocarbon development,hydrology and hydrogeology,climate change and resilience,natural hazards,medical geology,agrominerals,and geoscience education and training.A particular opportunity for African nations is the presence of critical minerals-minerals needed for the energy transition and for batteries for electric cars in particular.Africa is well-endowed with many of these critical materials,such as rare earth elements and platinum group metals.Several research groups stress the need for the agency on the part of African institutions to map out these valuable resources,understand their value and the economics and sustainability of their extraction,encourage local business,attract investment,and scrutinize proposals from potential international investors to get the best deals.A strong point of existing China-led geoscience development includes the Deep-time Digital Earth(DDE)program online computing platform and its artificial intelligence tool GeoGPT,which is being developed in partnership with Zhejiang Laboratory.These are being developed with strong China funding support for free and wide global access,with a particular focus on Africa.These advanced tools will help to place the agency of development squarely in the hands of African scientists and institutions.In summary,the following are recommended:(1)a more coordinated and strategic approach to China-led geoscience research in Africa;(2)an Africa-centered,geoscience funding initiative that concentrates on relevant topics to the continent such as critical minerals exploration and other geological resources,materials and processes and their health implications on the populations and ecosystems in general,as well as climate change and climate change resilience;and(3)continued support for China-led international initiatives that seek to increase the agency and capacity of Africa geoscience researchers,for example the Deep-time Digital Earth platform.
文摘Data Science(DS)as defined by Jim Gray is an emerging paradigm in all research areas to help finding non-obvious patterns of relevance in large distributed data collections.“Open Science by Design”(OSD),i.e.,making artefacts such as data,metadata,models,and algorithms available and re-usable to peers and beyond as early as possible,is a pre-requisite for a flourishing DS landscape.However,a few major aspects can be identified hampering a fast transition:(1)The classical“Open Science by Publication”(OSP)is not sufficient any longer since it serves different functions,leads to non-acceptable delays and is associated with high curation costs.Changing data lab practices towards OSD requires more fundamental changes than OSP.(2)The classical publication-oriented models for metrics,mainly informed by citations,will not work anymore since the roles of contributors are more difficult to assess and will often change,i.e.,other ways for assigning incentives and recognition need to be found.(3)The huge investments in developing DS skills and capacities by some global companies and strong countries is leading to imbalances and fears by different stakeholders hampering the acceptance of Open Science(OS).(4)Finally,OSD will depend on the availability of a global infrastructure fostering an integrated and interoperable data domain-“one data-domain”as George Strawn calls it-which is still not visible due to differences about the technological key pillars.OS therefore is a need for DS,but it will take much more time to implement it than we may have expected.
文摘Research Data Management(RDM)has become increasingly important for more and more academic institutions.Using the Peking University Open Research Data Repository(PKU-ORDR)project as an example,this paper will review a library-based university-wide open research data repository project and related RDM services implementation process including project kickoff,needs assessment,partnerships establishment,software investigation and selection,software customization,as well as data curation services and training.Through the review,some issues revealed during the stages of the implementation process are also discussed and addressed in the paper such as awareness of research data,demands from data providers and users,data policies and requirements from home institution,requirements from funding agencies and publishers,the collaboration between administrative units and libraries,and concerns from data providers and users.The significance of the study is that the paper shows an example of creating an Open Data repository and RDM services for other Chinese academic libraries planning to implement their RDM services for their home institutions.The authors of the paper have also observed since the PKU-ORDR and RDM services implemented in 2015,the Peking University Library(PKUL)has helped numerous researchers to support the entire research life cycle and enhanced Open Science(OS)practices on campus,as well as impacted the national OS movement in China through various national events and activities hosted by the PKUL.
文摘The introduction of a new technology or innovation is often accompanied by“ups and downs”in its fortunes.Gartner Inc.defined a so-called hype cycle to describe a general pattern that many innovations experience:technology trigger,peak of inflated expectations,trough of disillusionment,slope of enlightenment,and plateau of productivity.This article will compare the ongoing introduction of Open Science(OS)with the hype cycle model and speculate on the relevance of that model to OS.Lest the title of this article mislead the reader,be assured that the author believes that OS should happen and that it will happen.However,I also believe that the path to OS will be longer than many of us had hoped.I will give a brief history of the today’s“semi-open”science,define what I mean by OS,define the hype cycle and where OS is now on that cycle,and finally speculate what it will take to traverse the cycle and rise to its plateau of productivity(as described by Gartner).
基金The EU-Citizen.Science project received funding from the EU’s Horizon 2020 Framework Program for Research and Innovation under grant agreement No.824580The research described in this paper is partly supported by the project“Citizen Science to promote creativity,scientific literacy,and innovation throughout Europe”(COST Action),which received funding from the EU’s Horizon 2020 Framework Program for Research and Innovation under grant agreement No.15212The opinions expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the COST Action or the European Commission.
文摘Citizen Science(CS)is a prominent field of application for Open Science(OS),and the two have strong synergies,such as:advocating for the data and metadata generated through science to be made publicly available[1];supporting more equitable collaboration between different types of scientists and citizens;and facilitating knowledge transfer to a wider range of audiences[2].While primarily targeted at CS,the EU-Citizen.Science platform can also support OS.One of its key functions is to act as a knowledge hub to aggregate,disseminate and promote experience and know-how;for example,by profiling CS projects and collecting tools,resources and training materials relevant to both fields.To do this,the platform has developed an information architecture that incorporates the public participation in scientific research(PPSR)-Common Conceptual Model.This model consists of the Project Metadata Model,the Dataset Metadata Model and the Observation Data Model,which were specifically developed for CS initiatives.By implementing these,the platform will strengthen the interoperating arrangements that exist between other,similar platforms(e.g.,BioCollect and SciStarter)to ensure that CS and OS continue to grow globally in terms of participants,impact and fields of application.
基金This work was supported from the National Science Foundation grant Earth Cube Building Blocks:Collaborative Proposal:GeoLink-Leveraging Semantics and Linked Data for Data Sharing and Discovery in the Geosciences.The authors would like to acknowledge their respective collaborative grants numbered 1435578 and 1440139.
文摘Semantic technologies have emerged as a prominent research area within Big Earth Data.These technologies have provided significant benefits for data discovery and integration.Yet,the formality of the Semantic Web,in languages such as the Web Ontology Language(OWL),does not always integrate well with the numerical,statistical,and geometric methods of the geosciences.Two prominent challenges in this area are how to semantically model individual measurements and what to do when geoscience needs are not addressed by languages such as OWL.This has led to a fragmented Big Earth Data community with either no solution or incompatible semantic solutions.We use an oceanographic example to highlight the limitations and challenges surrounding the semantic encoding of observations and the use of semantics during analysis.We then present potential solutions to each challenge showing that a full end-to-end application of semantic technologies is not only feasible,but beneficial to Big Earth Data.
文摘This article will document how the European Open Science Cloud(EOSC)emerged as one of the key policy intentions to foster Open Science(OS)in Europe.It will describe some of the typical,non-rational roadblocks on the way to implement EOSC.The article will also argue that the only way Europe can take care of its research data in a way that fits the European specificities fully,is by supporting EOSC.
文摘This article invites us to a concise walk through the past,offering insights defined by the major challenges science encountered during the centuries.Some lessons for today and tomorrow are enumerated in the three sections of the article,and they go beyond the relatively few perspectives offered by today’s Data Science:Open Science(OS)is what has always happened and is nothing new,because science has always sought to be open.Esthetical values played a relevant role in the past.Former scientists recognized the intrinsic relation between the way they opened science and the way they followed the principles of beauty and the sense of esthetic.Their groundbreaking heritage still inspires us in being ready to open new ways in science.Whereas Latin was the original lingua franca of European science,and English is the recent lingua franca,the new lingua franca is software.Pieces of software are the filter,which connect researchers to the world,through layers of data.They assist in observing,in choosing,and in selecting.Open scientists should be aware of the fact that their autonomy in science depends on the quality of these pieces.Another lesson is that ethics-regarded as a source of innovative activities-must be a core component of innovative processes in OS,because society needs a responsible use of data and algorithms in corresponding practices that serve OS.
文摘The scientific,social,and economic advantages that accrue from Open Science(OS)practices-ways of doing research that emphasize reproducibility,transparency,and accessibility at all stages of the research cycle-are now widely recognized in nations around the world and by international bodies such as the United Nations and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.However,program wide or coordinated instruction of undergraduate students in OS practices remains uncommon.At the University of British Columbia in Canada,we have started to develop a comprehensive undergraduate OS program that can be adapted to and woven into diverse subject curricula.We report on the context and planning of the pilot module of the program,“Open Science 101”,its implementation in first-year Biology in Fall 2019,and qualitative results of an attitudinal survey of students following their course.
文摘The open science campaign has attracted worldwide interest in academia and funding agencies, largely due to a recent policy statement by UNESCO. The momentum is fuelled by the inclusive nature of scientific research. This study focuses on the topological and dynamic quantification of open and inclusive science as measured in the appropriate dimensions, proposing that the domain of open and inclusive science may be enlarged by balancing the gains and responsibilities of the major stakeholders for knowledge generation and communication. The guiding principles for harmonious engagement in this domain are postulated.The current status of open and inclusive science in China is reviewed based on an array of statistics, which indicate that China is emerging as an important partner in this worldwide endeavour. The current barriers in China's development of open and inclusive science are delineated, and possible pathways to circumvent those difficulties are outlined.
