The administration of drugs via the buccal route has attracted much attention in recent years.However,the development of delivery systems that adhere well in moist conditions while releasing drugs successfully across ...The administration of drugs via the buccal route has attracted much attention in recent years.However,the development of delivery systems that adhere well in moist conditions while releasing drugs successfully across the buccal mucosa remains challenging[1].Currently,the gold standard for determining buccal drug permeability is the vertical Franz diffusion cell(FDC),which is using freshly excised tissue[2].展开更多
The Software Defined Network (SDN) is a concept based on a decoupling between the control plan and the data plan of a network. Thus, the network becomes programmable and can be coupled to the business applications of ...The Software Defined Network (SDN) is a concept based on a decoupling between the control plan and the data plan of a network. Thus, the network becomes programmable and can be coupled to the business applications of the users. The study that is discussed in this article looks at load planning and balancing in distributed controllers. To do this, a model and theoretical methods of performance evaluation related to appropriate software tools, to predict and control the quality of service offered to users is exposed. This paper exposed also a distributed architecture of controllers and then a module based on an adaptive load balancing algorithm that is fault tolerant and fluctuates controller loads. The experiments show a significant gain in efficiency of our solution.展开更多
Despite its industrial importance, the flow of molten blast furnace slag in open channels has not been sufficiently studied. In this work, the unsteady non-uniform flow of a molten blast furnace slag in a rectangular ...Despite its industrial importance, the flow of molten blast furnace slag in open channels has not been sufficiently studied. In this work, the unsteady non-uniform flow of a molten blast furnace slag in a rectangular open channel is numerically studied by solving the Saint-Venant equations by means of an explicit backwards finite difference scheme. An Arrhenius-type dependence of the viscosity of the slag on temperature is assumed. To calculate that viscosity, four temperatures are considered, namely 1450˚C, 1500˚C, 1550˚C and 1600˚C. To study the dynamic response of the system, a half-sinusoidal pulse with duration of 5 s is imposed at the channel entrance. According to the numerical simulations, for all the temperatures considered, the slag flow in the channel for an angle of 5 degrees is supercritical in nature. However, for an angle of 1 degree, the flow is transcritical, that is, it presents a transition from subcritical to supercritical.展开更多
随着计算机网络的不断发展以及人们对网络性能要求的不断提高,现有网络很难满足人们的需要。Open Flow的出现能够很好地解决现有网络的不足,但存在网络会话识别效率不高,网络报文转发路径选择不佳等问题。针对匹配算法和路径转发进行了...随着计算机网络的不断发展以及人们对网络性能要求的不断提高,现有网络很难满足人们的需要。Open Flow的出现能够很好地解决现有网络的不足,但存在网络会话识别效率不高,网络报文转发路径选择不佳等问题。针对匹配算法和路径转发进行了研究,提出了GODP(GPU Open Flow data processing)模型。该模型通过融合GPU计算与生物序列算法和机器学习方法,提出了GPTWF网络会话匹配算法和网络会话转发算法,有效提升了匹配效率,优化了网络环境。实验表明网络会话匹配算法加速比提升近290,网络会话转发算法使得链路丢包率低于5%,延时小于20 ms,网络会话丢包率和延时分别平均下降62.71%和73.88%。展开更多
软件定义网络(Software Defined Network,SDN),是一种新型网络创新架构,其实现技术Open Flow通过将网络设备控制面与数据面分离开来,从而实现了网络流量的灵活控制,为核心网络及应用的创新提供了良好的平台。本文针对发布/订阅系统的数...软件定义网络(Software Defined Network,SDN),是一种新型网络创新架构,其实现技术Open Flow通过将网络设备控制面与数据面分离开来,从而实现了网络流量的灵活控制,为核心网络及应用的创新提供了良好的平台。本文针对发布/订阅系统的数据时效性及安全上的问题,利用Open Flow这一具有集中管控能力的新型网络平台,实现了包括绘制全局拓扑图、管理设备信息、管理流量信息、管理用户订阅及策略信息在内的发布/订阅管理系统。在安全方面,通过对用户特征进行分析,使用数据挖掘算法查找可疑用户,找到后对其订阅限制的方式实现了对订阅攻击的有效防御。从而使得发布/订阅系统更加易于管理,更加安全和可靠。展开更多
The velocity dip phenomenon may occur in a part of or in the whole flow field of open channel flows due to the secondary flow effect. Based on rectangular flume experiments and the laser Doppler velocimetry, the influ...The velocity dip phenomenon may occur in a part of or in the whole flow field of open channel flows due to the secondary flow effect. Based on rectangular flume experiments and the laser Doppler velocimetry, the influence of the distance to the sidewall and the aspect ratio on the velocity dip is investigated. Through application of statistical methods to the experimental results, it is proposed that the flow field may be divided into two regions, the relatively strong sidewall region and the relatively weak sidewall region. In the former region, the distance to the sidewall greatly affects the location of maximum velocity, and, in the latter region, both the distance to the sidewall and the aspect ratio influence the location of the maximum velocity.展开更多
There are an increasing of scenarios that require the independent bandwidth and delay demands. For instance, in a data center, the interactive message would not occupy much bandwidth, but it requires the rigorous dema...There are an increasing of scenarios that require the independent bandwidth and delay demands. For instance, in a data center, the interactive message would not occupy much bandwidth, but it requires the rigorous demands for the delay. However, the existing QoS approaches are mainly bandwidth based, which are inappropriate for these scenarios. Hence, we propose the decoupled scheme in the OpenFlow networks to provide the centralized differential bandwidth and delay control. We leverage the mature HTB to manage the bandwidth. And we design the Queue Delay Management Scheme (QDMS) for queuing delay arrangement, as well as the Comprehensive Parameters based Dijkstra Route algorithm (CPDR) for the propagation delay control. The evaluation results verify the decoupling effectiveness. And the decoupled scheme can reduce the delay for high priority flows.展开更多
The study of flow diversions in open channels plays an important practical role in the design and management of open-channel networks for irrigation or drainage. To accurately predict the mean flow and turbulence char...The study of flow diversions in open channels plays an important practical role in the design and management of open-channel networks for irrigation or drainage. To accurately predict the mean flow and turbulence characteristics of open-channel dividing flows, a hybrid LES-RANS model, which combines the large eddy simulation （LES） model with the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes （RANS） model, is proposed in the present study. The unsteady RANS model was used to simulate the upstream and downstream regions of a main channel, as well as the downstream region of a branch channel. The LES model was used to simulate the channel diversion region, where turbulent flow characteristics are complicated. Isotropic velocity fluctuations were added at the inflow interface of the LES region to trigger the generation of resolved turbulence. A method based on the virtual body force is proposed to impose Reynolds-averaged velocity fields near the outlet of the LES region in order to take downstream flow effects computed by the RANS model into account and dissipate the excessive turbulent fluctuations. This hybrid approach saves computational effort and makes it easier to properly specify inlet and outlet boundary conditions. Comparison between computational results and experimental data indicates that this relatively new modeling approach can accurately predict open-channel T-diversion flows.展开更多
Pore opening and binder flow during the initial stage of thermal debinding in metal injection molded parts was investigated. Scaning electron microscopy(SEM) pictures of 316 L stainless steel parts using wax based bin...Pore opening and binder flow during the initial stage of thermal debinding in metal injection molded parts was investigated. Scaning electron microscopy(SEM) pictures of 316 L stainless steel parts using wax based binder show that small particles will move to the surface with the process of debinding. SEM pictures of different mass loss rate specimens indicate that initial pores will emerge when as little as 4% binder removes. During the initial stage of thermal debinding, vapor tension varies in different place due to the difference of curvature. Thus more binders will be removed in places with smaller cavity between metal powders, and in these places small openings emerge.展开更多
The lateral velocity distribution of flow in the shear layer of open channel is required to many problems in river and eco-environment engineering, e.g. distribution of pollutant dispersion, sediment transport and ban...The lateral velocity distribution of flow in the shear layer of open channel is required to many problems in river and eco-environment engineering, e.g. distribution of pollutant dispersion, sediment transport and bank erosion, and aquatic habitat. It is not well understood about how the velocity varies laterally in the wall boundary layer. This paper gives an analytical solution of lateral velocity distribution in a rectangular open channel based on the depth-averaged momentum equation proposed by Shiono & Knight. The obtained lateral velocity distributions in the wall shear layer are related to the two hydraulic parameters of lateral eddy viscosity (λ) and depth-averaged secondary flow (Γ) for given roughened channels. Preliminary relationships between the above two parameters and the aspect ratio of channel, B/H, are obtained from two sets of experimental data. The lateral width (δ) of the shear layer was investigated and found to relate to the λ and the bed friction factor (f), as described by Equation (26). This study indicates that the lateral shear layer near the wall can be very wide (δ/H = 14.6) for the extreme case (λ = 0.6 and f = 0.01).展开更多
随着软件定义网络(Software Defined Network,SDN)成为网络世界的新的范式转移,作为SDN网络的核心组件,控制器的性能得到了越来越多的关注。文章介绍了基于Open Flow 1.3这一南向协议的SDN控制器性能测试方法,并以某开源控制器为例,介...随着软件定义网络(Software Defined Network,SDN)成为网络世界的新的范式转移,作为SDN网络的核心组件,控制器的性能得到了越来越多的关注。文章介绍了基于Open Flow 1.3这一南向协议的SDN控制器性能测试方法,并以某开源控制器为例,介绍测试结果的定量呈现方式和分析方法,为需要评估控制器性能的用户提供参考。展开更多
This paper considers a scheduling problem in two-stage hybrid flow shop, where the first stage consists of two machines formed an open shop and the other stage has only one machine. The objective is to minimize the ma...This paper considers a scheduling problem in two-stage hybrid flow shop, where the first stage consists of two machines formed an open shop and the other stage has only one machine. The objective is to minimize the makespan, i.e., the maximum completion time of all jobs. We first show the problem is NP-hard in the strong sense, then we present two heuristics to solve the problem. Computational experiments show that the combined algorithm of the two heuristics performs well on randomly generated problem instances.展开更多
This paper solves the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equation by a fractional-step method with the Reynolds number Reτ=194 and the rotation number Nτ=0-0.12. When Nτ is less than 0.06, the turbulence statistics re...This paper solves the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equation by a fractional-step method with the Reynolds number Reτ=194 and the rotation number Nτ=0-0.12. When Nτ is less than 0.06, the turbulence statistics relevant to the spanwise velocity fluctuation are enhanced, but other statistics are suppressed. When Nτ is larger than 0.06, all the turbulence statistics decrease significantly. Reynolds stress budgets elucidate that turbulence kinetic energy in the vertical direction is transferred into the streamwise and spanwise directions. The flow structures exhibit that the bursting processes near the bottom wall are ejected toward the free surface. Evident change of near-surface streak structures of the velocity fluctuations are revealed.展开更多
文摘The administration of drugs via the buccal route has attracted much attention in recent years.However,the development of delivery systems that adhere well in moist conditions while releasing drugs successfully across the buccal mucosa remains challenging[1].Currently,the gold standard for determining buccal drug permeability is the vertical Franz diffusion cell(FDC),which is using freshly excised tissue[2].
文摘The Software Defined Network (SDN) is a concept based on a decoupling between the control plan and the data plan of a network. Thus, the network becomes programmable and can be coupled to the business applications of the users. The study that is discussed in this article looks at load planning and balancing in distributed controllers. To do this, a model and theoretical methods of performance evaluation related to appropriate software tools, to predict and control the quality of service offered to users is exposed. This paper exposed also a distributed architecture of controllers and then a module based on an adaptive load balancing algorithm that is fault tolerant and fluctuates controller loads. The experiments show a significant gain in efficiency of our solution.
文摘Despite its industrial importance, the flow of molten blast furnace slag in open channels has not been sufficiently studied. In this work, the unsteady non-uniform flow of a molten blast furnace slag in a rectangular open channel is numerically studied by solving the Saint-Venant equations by means of an explicit backwards finite difference scheme. An Arrhenius-type dependence of the viscosity of the slag on temperature is assumed. To calculate that viscosity, four temperatures are considered, namely 1450˚C, 1500˚C, 1550˚C and 1600˚C. To study the dynamic response of the system, a half-sinusoidal pulse with duration of 5 s is imposed at the channel entrance. According to the numerical simulations, for all the temperatures considered, the slag flow in the channel for an angle of 5 degrees is supercritical in nature. However, for an angle of 1 degree, the flow is transcritical, that is, it presents a transition from subcritical to supercritical.
文摘随着计算机网络的不断发展以及人们对网络性能要求的不断提高,现有网络很难满足人们的需要。Open Flow的出现能够很好地解决现有网络的不足,但存在网络会话识别效率不高,网络报文转发路径选择不佳等问题。针对匹配算法和路径转发进行了研究,提出了GODP(GPU Open Flow data processing)模型。该模型通过融合GPU计算与生物序列算法和机器学习方法,提出了GPTWF网络会话匹配算法和网络会话转发算法,有效提升了匹配效率,优化了网络环境。实验表明网络会话匹配算法加速比提升近290,网络会话转发算法使得链路丢包率低于5%,延时小于20 ms,网络会话丢包率和延时分别平均下降62.71%和73.88%。
文摘软件定义网络(Software Defined Network,SDN),是一种新型网络创新架构,其实现技术Open Flow通过将网络设备控制面与数据面分离开来,从而实现了网络流量的灵活控制,为核心网络及应用的创新提供了良好的平台。本文针对发布/订阅系统的数据时效性及安全上的问题,利用Open Flow这一具有集中管控能力的新型网络平台,实现了包括绘制全局拓扑图、管理设备信息、管理流量信息、管理用户订阅及策略信息在内的发布/订阅管理系统。在安全方面,通过对用户特征进行分析,使用数据挖掘算法查找可疑用户,找到后对其订阅限制的方式实现了对订阅攻击的有效防御。从而使得发布/订阅系统更加易于管理,更加安全和可靠。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No.50879019,50909036,and 50879020)the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (Grants No.200802940001 and 200802941028)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grants No.2010B02214,2009B08014,and 2010B14214)the Natural Science Foundation of Hohai University(Grant No. 2008426411)the Jiangsu "333" Program for High Level Talents (Grant No. 2017-B08038)the National Undergraduate Innovation Training Plan (Grant No.G20101106)
文摘The velocity dip phenomenon may occur in a part of or in the whole flow field of open channel flows due to the secondary flow effect. Based on rectangular flume experiments and the laser Doppler velocimetry, the influence of the distance to the sidewall and the aspect ratio on the velocity dip is investigated. Through application of statistical methods to the experimental results, it is proposed that the flow field may be divided into two regions, the relatively strong sidewall region and the relatively weak sidewall region. In the former region, the distance to the sidewall greatly affects the location of maximum velocity, and, in the latter region, both the distance to the sidewall and the aspect ratio influence the location of the maximum velocity.
基金supported National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project Number: 61671086)Consulting Project of Chinese Academy of Engineering (Project Number: 2016-XY-09)
文摘There are an increasing of scenarios that require the independent bandwidth and delay demands. For instance, in a data center, the interactive message would not occupy much bandwidth, but it requires the rigorous demands for the delay. However, the existing QoS approaches are mainly bandwidth based, which are inappropriate for these scenarios. Hence, we propose the decoupled scheme in the OpenFlow networks to provide the centralized differential bandwidth and delay control. We leverage the mature HTB to manage the bandwidth. And we design the Queue Delay Management Scheme (QDMS) for queuing delay arrangement, as well as the Comprehensive Parameters based Dijkstra Route algorithm (CPDR) for the propagation delay control. The evaluation results verify the decoupling effectiveness. And the decoupled scheme can reduce the delay for high priority flows.
文摘The study of flow diversions in open channels plays an important practical role in the design and management of open-channel networks for irrigation or drainage. To accurately predict the mean flow and turbulence characteristics of open-channel dividing flows, a hybrid LES-RANS model, which combines the large eddy simulation （LES） model with the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes （RANS） model, is proposed in the present study. The unsteady RANS model was used to simulate the upstream and downstream regions of a main channel, as well as the downstream region of a branch channel. The LES model was used to simulate the channel diversion region, where turbulent flow characteristics are complicated. Isotropic velocity fluctuations were added at the inflow interface of the LES region to trigger the generation of resolved turbulence. A method based on the virtual body force is proposed to impose Reynolds-averaged velocity fields near the outlet of the LES region in order to take downstream flow effects computed by the RANS model into account and dissipate the excessive turbulent fluctuations. This hybrid approach saves computational effort and makes it easier to properly specify inlet and outlet boundary conditions. Comparison between computational results and experimental data indicates that this relatively new modeling approach can accurately predict open-channel T-diversion flows.
文摘Pore opening and binder flow during the initial stage of thermal debinding in metal injection molded parts was investigated. Scaning electron microscopy(SEM) pictures of 316 L stainless steel parts using wax based binder show that small particles will move to the surface with the process of debinding. SEM pictures of different mass loss rate specimens indicate that initial pores will emerge when as little as 4% binder removes. During the initial stage of thermal debinding, vapor tension varies in different place due to the difference of curvature. Thus more binders will be removed in places with smaller cavity between metal powders, and in these places small openings emerge.
文摘The lateral velocity distribution of flow in the shear layer of open channel is required to many problems in river and eco-environment engineering, e.g. distribution of pollutant dispersion, sediment transport and bank erosion, and aquatic habitat. It is not well understood about how the velocity varies laterally in the wall boundary layer. This paper gives an analytical solution of lateral velocity distribution in a rectangular open channel based on the depth-averaged momentum equation proposed by Shiono & Knight. The obtained lateral velocity distributions in the wall shear layer are related to the two hydraulic parameters of lateral eddy viscosity (λ) and depth-averaged secondary flow (Γ) for given roughened channels. Preliminary relationships between the above two parameters and the aspect ratio of channel, B/H, are obtained from two sets of experimental data. The lateral width (δ) of the shear layer was investigated and found to relate to the λ and the bed friction factor (f), as described by Equation (26). This study indicates that the lateral shear layer near the wall can be very wide (δ/H = 14.6) for the extreme case (λ = 0.6 and f = 0.01).
文摘随着软件定义网络(Software Defined Network,SDN)成为网络世界的新的范式转移,作为SDN网络的核心组件,控制器的性能得到了越来越多的关注。文章介绍了基于Open Flow 1.3这一南向协议的SDN控制器性能测试方法,并以某开源控制器为例,介绍测试结果的定量呈现方式和分析方法,为需要评估控制器性能的用户提供参考。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11071220,11001242,11201428)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LY13A010015)Educational Commission of Zhejiang Province of China(Y201019076)
文摘This paper considers a scheduling problem in two-stage hybrid flow shop, where the first stage consists of two machines formed an open shop and the other stage has only one machine. The objective is to minimize the makespan, i.e., the maximum completion time of all jobs. We first show the problem is NP-hard in the strong sense, then we present two heuristics to solve the problem. Computational experiments show that the combined algorithm of the two heuristics performs well on randomly generated problem instances.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos10772166and10672151)the Foundation of China Academy of Engineering Physics(Grant No20050104)
文摘This paper solves the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equation by a fractional-step method with the Reynolds number Reτ=194 and the rotation number Nτ=0-0.12. When Nτ is less than 0.06, the turbulence statistics relevant to the spanwise velocity fluctuation are enhanced, but other statistics are suppressed. When Nτ is larger than 0.06, all the turbulence statistics decrease significantly. Reynolds stress budgets elucidate that turbulence kinetic energy in the vertical direction is transferred into the streamwise and spanwise directions. The flow structures exhibit that the bursting processes near the bottom wall are ejected toward the free surface. Evident change of near-surface streak structures of the velocity fluctuations are revealed.
