A symmetrical one-dimensional(1D)photonic crystal structure with a Dirac-emimetal-defected layer is proposed.The material properties of the Dirac semimetal are governed by three key parameters:Fermi level,Fermi veloci...A symmetrical one-dimensional(1D)photonic crystal structure with a Dirac-emimetal-defected layer is proposed.The material properties of the Dirac semimetal are governed by three key parameters:Fermi level,Fermi velocity,and degeneracy factor.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed structure generates multiple photonic bandgaps within the THz frequency range.In the low-THz region,pronounced resonant transmission peaks emerge,enabling near-perfect filtering performance.The positions of these defect modes can be dynamically tuned by adjusting the Fermi level and degeneracy factor.In mid-and high-THz frequency bands,the Dirac semimetal begins to exhibit metallic behavior,leading to attenuation of the transmission peaks and the appearance of absorption.The elevation of the Fermi level delays the critical threshold for the transition from the dielectric state to the metallic state,while an increase in Fermi velocity suppresses metallic behavior.Therefore,enhancing both the Fermi level and Fermi velocity contributes to strengthening the defect peak intensity.Conversely,increasing the degeneracy factor strengthens the metallic characteristics,thereby disrupting the high-frequency photonic bandgap.Notably,the defect layer thickness and incident angle exert significant influence on the transmission behavior:a larger incident angle causes the defect peak to shift toward higher frequencies and reduces its intensity,whereas a thicker defect layer shifts the defect peak toward lower frequencies.The modulation effects of both parameters become more pronounced as frequency increases.Compared with conventional photonic crystals,our work can provide a tunable structure over transmission properties,offering novel strategies for designing tunable filters and optical sensors.展开更多
Water infiltration in loess is one of the most significant processes that can lead to geological disasters on the Loess Plateau in China.However,the spatiotemporal characteristics of infiltration in intact loess,parti...Water infiltration in loess is one of the most significant processes that can lead to geological disasters on the Loess Plateau in China.However,the spatiotemporal characteristics of infiltration in intact loess,particularly the heterogeneity of three-dimensional(3D)seepage and its relationship with soil properties,remain poorly understood.This study conducted field infiltration tests on a 3 m×3 m loess column,instrumented with 48 moisture sensors to monitor 3D seepage and infiltration rates.Both horizontal and vertical infiltration behaviors were analyzed,alongside a detailed characterization of soil physical properties.The results demonstrated that the water infiltration process was significantly heterogeneous in intact loess,with wetting front velocities varying considerably across profiles and depths,despite relatively uniform physical properties.The infiltration process also exhibited pronounced anisotropy,with vertical wetting front velocities at least 10 times higher than those of the horizontal velocities.The in situ tests indicated that the physical properties were not the primary factors influencing infiltration.However,the microfeatures that facilitated the formation of preferential pathways exerted the most significant influence on the water infiltration process in thick unsaturated loess.Additionally,prior infiltration events negatively impacted subsequent infiltration in thick unsaturated loess.These findings enhance the understanding of loess infiltration dynamics,providing insights into unsaturated flow processes and their implications for geological stability in loess regions.展开更多
The impact mechanism of vegetation on slope soil water infiltration and stability in the loess areas of the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau remains unclear.Understanding this mechanism is crucial for regional ecolo...The impact mechanism of vegetation on slope soil water infiltration and stability in the loess areas of the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau remains unclear.Understanding this mechanism is crucial for regional ecological restoration and shallow geological disaster prevention.This study investigated slopes covered by Caragana korshinskii Kom.by employing double-ring infiltration tests to explore the permeability characteristics and influencing factors of root-containing soils and to propose an appropriate infiltration model.Considering the synergistic effects of the canopy and roots,the hydrological response and stability of vegetation-covered slopes under rainfall infiltration conditions were evaluated through numerical simulation analysis.The results revealed that within the main root distribution layer(0-0.5 m),the initial and average infiltration rates and the permeability coefficient of the root-soil composite were significantly higher than those of bare land.Coarse roots with diameters of>5 mm were the key contributors to enhancement of the infiltration capacity.The dry density,fine particle content,and initial water content of the soil around the roots were negatively correlated with the infiltration process.The Horton model effectively reproduced the infiltration process under the canopy and on bare land.The roots significantly accelerated the advance of the slope wetting front during rainfall infiltration,whereas the canopy delayed its onset and progression.The rainfall infiltration process on vegetation-covered slopes was divided into three stages:the equilibrium infiltration stage,optimal infiltration stage beneath the canopy,and secondary equilibrium stage.Vegetation enhances slope stability through coupling of the canopy and root,with an order of canopy-root mode>root mode>bare slope.Under heavy rainfall conditions,the direct contribution of canopy interception to slope stability is limited,and its primary role is to delay the occurrence of instability.During this period,the mechanical effect of roots becomes the dominant mechanism in slope protection.展开更多
Unmanned combat aerial vehicles require lightweight,stealth-capable exhaust systems.However,traditional metallic nozzles increase radar detectability and reduce range,while advanced composites offer high performance b...Unmanned combat aerial vehicles require lightweight,stealth-capable exhaust systems.However,traditional metallic nozzles increase radar detectability and reduce range,while advanced composites offer high performance but are expensive.Therefore,to improve the operational range and survivability of unmanned combat aerial vehicles,a lightweight,high-temperature-resistant,oxidation-resistant,and low-observable composite exhaust nozzle is developed to replace conventional metallic straight-type nozzles.The nozzle features a double serpentine shape to reduce radar and infrared signatures and is manufactured as a monolithic structure using the filament winding process,accommodating the complex geometry and large size(length:1.8 m,width:0.8 m).The exhaust nozzle consists of a ceramic matrix composite made of silicon carbide fibers and a silicon oxycarbide matrix,which absorbs and scatters radio frequency signals while withstanding prolonged exposure to high-temperature(700℃)oxidizing environments typical of engine exhaust gases.The polysiloxane resin used to produce the silicon oxycarbide matrix poses significant challenges owing to its low tackiness and high viscosity variations depending on the presence of nanoparticles,making filament winding difficult.These challenges are addressed by optimizing resin viscosity and winding pattern design.As a result,the tensile strength of the composite specimens fabricated with the optimized viscosity increases by 228.03% before pyrolysis and 97.68%after pyrolysis,compared with that of the non-optimized specimens.In addition,the density and tensile strength of the composite processed via three cycles of polymer infiltration and pyrolysis increased by 13.08% and 80.37%,respectively,compared to those of the non-densified composite.High-temperature oxidation and flame tests demonstrate exceptional thermal and oxidative stability.Furthermore,when compared with carbon fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites,the developed composite exhibits a permittivity at least two levels lower and a reflection loss below7 dB within the frequency range of 9.3-10.9 GHz,underscoring its superior electromagnetic stealth performance.展开更多
A knowledge of soil permeability is essential to evaluate hydrologic characteristics of soil, such as water storage and water movement, and soil permeability coefficient is an important parameter that reflects soil pe...A knowledge of soil permeability is essential to evaluate hydrologic characteristics of soil, such as water storage and water movement, and soil permeability coefficient is an important parameter that reflects soil permeability. In order to confirm the acceptability of the one-dimensional horizontal infiltration method（one-D method） for simultaneously determining both the saturated and unsaturated permeability coefficients of loamy sand, we first measured the cumulative infiltration and the wetting front distance under various infiltration heads through a series of one-dimensional horizontal infiltration experiments, and then analyzed the relationships of the cumulative horizontal infiltration with the wetting front distance and the square root of infiltration time. We finally compared the permeability results from Gardner model based on the one-D method with the results from other two commonly-used methods（i.e., constant head method and van Genuchten model） to evaluate the acceptability and applicability of the one-D method. The results showed that there was a robust linear relationship between the cumulative horizontal infiltration and the wetting front distance, suggesting that it is more appropriate to take the soil moisture content after infiltration in the entire wetted zone as the average soil moisture content than as the saturated soil moisture content. The results also showed that there was a robust linear relationship between the cumulative horizontal infiltration and the square root of infiltration time, suggesting that the Philip infiltration formula can better reflect the characteristics of cumulative horizontal infiltration under different infiltration heads. The following two facts indicate that it is feasible to use the one-D method for simultaneously determining the saturated and unsaturated permeability coefficients of loamy sand. First, the saturated permeability coefficient（prescribed in the Gardner model） of loamy sand obtained from the one-D method well agreed with the value obtained from the constant head method. Second, the relationship of unsaturated permeability coefficient with soil water suction for loamy sand calculated using Gardner model based on the one-D method was nearly identical with the same relationship calculated using van Genuchten model.展开更多
Soil infiltration and redistribution are important processes in field water cycle, and it is necessary to develop a simple model to describe the processes. In this study, an algebraic solution for one-dimensional wate...Soil infiltration and redistribution are important processes in field water cycle, and it is necessary to develop a simple model to describe the processes. In this study, an algebraic solution for one-dimensional water infiltration and redistribution without evaporation in unsaturated soil was developed based on Richards equation. The algebraic solution had three parameters, namely, the saturated water conductivity, the comprehensive shape coefficient of the soil water content distribution, and the soil suction allocation coefficient. To analyze the physical features of these parameters, a relationship between the Green-Ampt model and the algebraic solution was established. The three parameters were estimated based on experimental observations, whereas the soil water content and the water infiltration duration were calculated using the algebraic solution. The calculated soil water content and infiltration duration were compared with the experimental observations, and the results indicated that the algebraic solution accurately described the unsaturated soil water flow processes.展开更多
In sub nanometer carbon nanotubes,water exhibits unique dynamic characteristics,and in the high-frequency region of the infrared spectrum,where the stretching vibrations of the internal oxygen-hydrogen(O-H)bonds are c...In sub nanometer carbon nanotubes,water exhibits unique dynamic characteristics,and in the high-frequency region of the infrared spectrum,where the stretching vibrations of the internal oxygen-hydrogen(O-H)bonds are closely related to the hydrogen bonds(H-bonds)network between water molecules.Therefore,it is crucial to analyze the relationship between these two aspects.In this paper,the infrared spectrum and motion characteristics of the stretching vibrations of the O-H bonds in one-dimensional confined water(1DCW)and bulk water(BW)in(6,6)single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWNT)are studied by molecular dynamics simulations.The results show that the stretching vibrations of the two O-H bonds in 1DCW exhibit different frequencies in the infrared spectrum,while the O-H bonds in BW display two identical main frequency peaks.Further analysis using the spring oscillator model reveals that the difference in the stretching amplitude of the O-H bonds is the main factor causing the change in vibration frequency,where an increase in stretching amplitude leads to a decrease in spring stiffness and,consequently,a lower vibration frequency.A more in-depth study found that the interaction of H-bonds between water molecules is the fundamental cause of the increased stretching amplitude and decreased vibration frequency of the O-H bonds.Finally,by analyzing the motion trajectory of the H atoms,the dynamic differences between 1DCW and BW are clearly revealed.These findings provide a new perspective for understanding the behavior of water molecules at the nanoscale and are of significant importance in advancing the development of infrared spectroscopy detection technology.展开更多
Using the Bose-Fermi mapping method,we obtain the exact ground state wavefunction of one-dimensional(1D)Bose gas with the zero-range dipolar interaction in the strongly repulsive contact interaction limit.Its ground s...Using the Bose-Fermi mapping method,we obtain the exact ground state wavefunction of one-dimensional(1D)Bose gas with the zero-range dipolar interaction in the strongly repulsive contact interaction limit.Its ground state density distributions for both repulsive and attractive dipole interactions are exhibited.It is shown that in the case of the finite dipole interaction the density profiles do not change obviously with the increase of dipole interaction and display the typical shell structure of Tonks-Girardeau gases.As the repulsive dipole interaction is greatly strong,the density decreases at the center of the trap and displays a sunken valley.As the attractive dipole interaction increases,the density displays more oscillations and sharp peaks appear in the strong attraction limit,which mainly originate from the atoms occupying the low single particle levels.展开更多
Two-dimensional(2D)transition metal sulfides(TMDs)are emerging and highly well received 2D materials,which are considered as an ideal 2D platform for studying various electronic properties and potential applications d...Two-dimensional(2D)transition metal sulfides(TMDs)are emerging and highly well received 2D materials,which are considered as an ideal 2D platform for studying various electronic properties and potential applications due to their chemical diversity.Converting 2D TMDs into one-dimensional(1D)TMDs nanotubes can not only retain some advantages of 2D nanosheets but also providing a unique direction to explore the novel properties of TMDs materials in the 1D limit.However,the controllable preparation of high-quality nanotubes remains a major challenge.It is very necessary to review the advanced development of one-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide nanotubes from preparation to application.Here,we first summarize a series of bottom-up synthesis methods of 1D TMDs,such as template growth and metal catalyzed method.Then,top-down synthesis methods are summarized,which included selfcuring and stacking of TMDs nanosheets.In addition,we discuss some key applications that utilize the properties of 1D-TMDs nanotubes in the areas of catalyst preparation,energy storage,and electronic devices.Last but not least,we prospect the preparation methods of high-quality 1D-TMDs nanotubes,which will lay a foundation for the synthesis of high-performance optoelectronic devices,catalysts,and energy storage components.展开更多
During the exploitation of sandstone gas reservoirs,natural fractures near the wellbore affect water infiltration and pore evolution;however,the impact mechanisms of these fractures remain unclear.This study utilized ...During the exploitation of sandstone gas reservoirs,natural fractures near the wellbore affect water infiltration and pore evolution;however,the impact mechanisms of these fractures remain unclear.This study utilized real-time nuclear magnetic resonance(RT-NMR)technology to investigate the influence of near-wellbore fracture angle(a)at 0°,15°,30°,and 45°on water infiltration,migration patterns,and pore evolution mechanisms during water injection.Throughout the experiments,T_(2)curves and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)were monito red in real time during the water injection process.The pore evolution and water infiltration were translated by the evolution of T_(2)curves and MRI.The results show that increasing injection pressure(P_(inj))transforms adsorption pores into seepage pores,leading to enhanced pore damage.Pore damage predominantly occurs during the rapid pressurization stage and is concentrated around the near-wellbore fracture.The maximum infiltration area and rate were observed at α=0°,while the minimum values occurred at α=45°,which can be attributed to the significant influence of a on water infiltration and migration pathways.The increasing inclination of the infiltration front with a is attributed to the fact that the rate of water infiltration along the fracture wall is always higher than that at the fracture tip.In field fracturing,it is recommended to adjust the perforation direction to align with the natural fracture orientation and optimize pressurization strategies by reducing the slow pressurization duration while extending the rapid pressurization stage.These findings can provide important guidance for setting fracturing sections and optimizing injection parameters in sandstone gas reservoir exploitation.展开更多
To the Editor:Pancreatic cancer is a malignancy characterized by a poor prog-nosis,with a 5-year survival rate of<10%[1].Furthermore,only a minority of patients(<20%)qualify for curative-intent resec-tion,and ev...To the Editor:Pancreatic cancer is a malignancy characterized by a poor prog-nosis,with a 5-year survival rate of<10%[1].Furthermore,only a minority of patients(<20%)qualify for curative-intent resec-tion,and even among those who undergo this procedure,the risk of recurrence within three years remains alarmingly high,reach-ing up to 70%[2].Due to the lack of specific clinical manifes-tations of pancreatic cancer,most cases have metastasized or in-vaded the major vessels around the pancreas at the time of initial diagnosis,resulting in a low surgical resection rate.Even patients who undergo surgical resection often face a poor prognosis[3].In recent years,neoadjuvant chemotherapy using agents such as gemcitabine,5-fluorouracil,albumin-bound paclitaxel,modified fluorouracil/leucovorin plus irinotecan,and oxaliplatin(mFOLFIRI-NOX),targeted therapies addressing molecular subtypes of pan-creatic cancer,and immunotherapies targeting PD-1 and PD-L1 have shown efficacy in improving the overall prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer,although the impact remains modest[4,5].Therefore,novel therapeutic strategies and prognostic evaluation systems are urgently needed to enhance the survival of patients with pancreatic cancer.展开更多
Adjustable or programmable metamaterials offer versatile functions,while the complex multi-dimensional regulation increases workload,and hinders their applications in practical scenarios.To address these challenges,we...Adjustable or programmable metamaterials offer versatile functions,while the complex multi-dimensional regulation increases workload,and hinders their applications in practical scenarios.To address these challenges,we present a mechanically programmable acoustic metamaterial for real-time focal tuning via one-dimensional phase-gradient modulation in this paper.The device integrates a phase gradient structure with concave cavity channels and an x-shaped telescopic mechanical framework,enabling dynamic adjustment of inter-unit spacing(1 mm-3 mm)through a microcontroller-driven motor.By modulating the spacing between adjacent channels,the phase gradient is precisely controlled,allowing continuous focal shift from 50 mm to 300 mm along the x-axis at 7500 Hz.Broadband focusing is also discussed in the range6800 Hz-8100 Hz,with transmission coefficients exceeding 0.5,ensuring high efficiency and robust performance.Experimental results align closely with simulations,validating the design's effectiveness and adaptability.Unlike conventional programmable metamaterials requiring multi-dimensional parameter optimization,this approach simplifies real-time control through single-axis mechanical adjustment,significantly reducing operational complexity.Due to the advantages of broadband focusing,simple control mode,real-time monitoring,and so on,the device may have extensive applications in the fields of acoustic imaging,nondestructive testing,ultrasound medical treatment,etc.展开更多
Empirical formulas are indispensable tools in water engineering and hydraulic structure design.Derived from meticulous field observations,experiments,and diverse datasets,these formulas help to estimate water leakage ...Empirical formulas are indispensable tools in water engineering and hydraulic structure design.Derived from meticulous field observations,experiments,and diverse datasets,these formulas help to estimate water leakage in structures such as dams,tunnels,canals,and pipelines.By utilizing a few easily measurable parameters,engineers can employ these formulas to generate preliminary leakage rate estimates before proceeding with more detailed analyses.In this study,a physical model was developed,and a series of experiments were conducted,considering variables such as inflow rate,materials constituting the unsaturated medium,and variations in infiltration trench depth and width.As a result,a novel artificial recharge method was introduced,and an empirical equation,Q_(out)=0.0066×D_(50)^(0.64)×L×P^(0.36),was proposed to estimate the infiltration capacity of the trench.This equation incorporates factors such as the wetted perimeter,mean soil particle diameter,trench length,and a coefficient.A comparative analysis between the observed data from nine Iranian earthen canals and the values calculated using the proposed equation revealed an average relative error of 15%between the two datasets.In addition,the Pearson correlation coefficient was determined to be 0.981 and the Root Mean Square Error(RMSE)was 0.381,demonstrating the strong predictive performance of the equation.The parameters considered in the proposed equation allow for its application across diverse regions.Given its accurate performance,this equation provides a reliable initial estimate of the leakage rate,thereby helping to reduce costs and save time.展开更多
AIM:To investigate cuproptosis-related molecular and immune infiltration in age-related macular degeneration(AMD)development and establish a predictive model.METHODS:The expression profiles of cuproptosisrelated genes...AIM:To investigate cuproptosis-related molecular and immune infiltration in age-related macular degeneration(AMD)development and establish a predictive model.METHODS:The expression profiles of cuproptosisrelated genes and immune signature in AMD based on the microarray dataset GSE29801 were analyzed.A total of 142 AMD samples were used to identify the cuproptosisrelated differentially expressed genes(Cu-DEGs),together with the immune cell infiltration.To further refine the list of potential genes for AMD diagnosis,three machine learning techniques were used,and an external dataset were applied for confirming the accuracy of the predictive performance.Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)were also performed to examine the level of mRNA of hub genes.The activated immune responses and Cu-DEGs were assessed between AMD and controls.RESULTS:Six genes,including ATP7A,DBT,VEGFA,UBE2D3,CP,SLC31A1,were screened as cuproptosissignature in AMD via three machine learning methods.Next,SLC31A1 and VEGFA was selected as hub genes by performance evaluation in an external dataset GSE160011,further analysis showed that SLC31A1 and VEGFA were associated with pathways related to immune signaling and immune function,which were then observed in relation to infiltrating immune cells.Finally,the mRNA expression levels of SLC31A1 and VEGFA were significantly higher in laser induced choroidal neovascularization(CNV)group than in control group detected by RT-PCR.CONCLUSION:In this study,the possible relationship between cuproptosis and AMD is expounded systematically.A predictive model is developed to assess the risk of cuproptosis-related genes and their clinical prognostic value in AMD patients.展开更多
The oxygen evolution reaction(OER),a critical half-reaction in water electrolysis,has garnered significant attention.However,sluggish OER kinetics has emerged as a major impediment to efficient electrochemical energy c...The oxygen evolution reaction(OER),a critical half-reaction in water electrolysis,has garnered significant attention.However,sluggish OER kinetics has emerged as a major impediment to efficient electrochemical energy conversion.There is an urgent need to design novel electrocatalysts with optimized OER kinetics and enhanced intrinsic activity to improve overall OER performance.Herein,one-dimensional(1D)nanocomposites with high electrocatalytic activity were developed through the deposition of CoFePBA nanocubes onto the surface of MnO_(2) nanowires.The electronic structure of the nanocomposite surface was modified,and the synergistic effects between transition metals were leveraged to enhance catalytic activity through the deposition of Prussian blue analog(PBA)nanocubes on manganese dioxide nanowires.Specifically,CoFePBA featured an open crystal structure that offiered numerous electrochemical active sites and efficient charge transfer pathways.Additionally,the synergistic interactions between Co and Fe significantly reduced the OER overpotential.Additionally,the 1D rigid MnO_(2) acted as protective armor,ensuring the stability of active sites within CoFePBA during the OER.The synthesized MnO_(2)@CoFePBA achieved an overpotential of 1.614 V at 10 mA/cm^(2) and a small Tafel slope of 94 mV/dec and demonstrated stable performance for over 200 h.This work offers new insights into the rational design of various PBA-based nanocomposites with high activity and stability.展开更多
Floor heave is a common water-induced issue of loess tunnels.However,the mechanism of tunnel floor heave induced by repeated rainfall or irrigation remains poorly understood.This study analyzes moisture variation at t...Floor heave is a common water-induced issue of loess tunnels.However,the mechanism of tunnel floor heave induced by repeated rainfall or irrigation remains poorly understood.This study analyzes moisture variation at the tunnel base and invert deformation through a 15-year survey of an operational loess tunnel.An improved Green-Ampt model was developed to capture the effects of interannual repeated infiltration on water content,permeability,and matric suction at the tunnel base.The model was validated using soil column infiltration tests.The calculated wetting front depth was incorporated into the tunnel numerical simulation to analyze the development of floor heave and assess its several influencing factors.Results show the base average water content at the tunnel base increases exponentially with operational years.After 15 years,over 50%of the monitored sections reach saturation,leading to significant invert uplift.Based on the plastic limit,saturation water content,and liquid limit of loess,floor heave is categorized into four levels with deformation thresholds at 10,25,and 50 mm.The modified Green-Ampt model is suitable for repeated infiltration conditions and offers practical guidance.Neglecting hydraulic deterioration due to repeated infiltration may lead to significant prediction errors.Numerical simulations reveal that the inverted arch uplift height,width,and height-to-width ratio increase linearly with the rise in the number of infiltration events.The uplift deformation follows Gaussian distribution in both cross and longitudinal sections,forming aΛ-shaped floor heave.The influence of infiltration duration,water content,horizontal infiltration,asymmetric infiltration,burial depth,and the number of infiltration events enhanced successively on floor heave.This model facilitates the prediction of floor heave under dynamic hydrological conditions during long-term tunnel operation.展开更多
BACKGROUND Shwachman-Diamond syndrome(SDS)is a rare genetic disorder that affects multiple organs,primarily the liver.Most patients are diagnosed during infancy or early childhood.As they grow older,the majority of af...BACKGROUND Shwachman-Diamond syndrome(SDS)is a rare genetic disorder that affects multiple organs,primarily the liver.Most patients are diagnosed during infancy or early childhood.As they grow older,the majority of affected children may experience spontaneous remission,and cases of cirrhosis in adults are rarely reported.CASE SUMMARY A 36-year-old male patient presented with massive ascites.Laboratory tests revealed pancytopenia and a serum-ascites albumin gradient greater than 1.1 g/dL.An abdominal computed tomography scan demonstrated cirrhosis,splenomegaly,pancreatic fat infiltration,and a substantial accumulation of peritoneal fluid.Gastroscopy identified esophageal varices.Liver stiffness measurement indicated a value of 32.7 kPa.Based on the results of auxiliary examinations,common causes of cirrhosis were excluded,and a mutation in the Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome gene was ultimately identified through whole-exome sequencing.The patient was diagnosed with cirrhosis secondary to SDS.Following the correction of hypoalbuminemia and administration of diuretics,the patient's ascites resolved.CONCLUSION Patients with liver cirrhosis who also exhibit pancreatic fat infiltration and pancytopenia necessitate further exon testing to exclude the possibility of SDS.展开更多
The Mg−1Zn−1Sn and Mg−1Zn−1Sn−0.2Ca alloy scaffolds were prepared via infiltration casting using 3D-printed Ti templates to achieve complete and accurate control of the pore structure.The results indicate that the act...The Mg−1Zn−1Sn and Mg−1Zn−1Sn−0.2Ca alloy scaffolds were prepared via infiltration casting using 3D-printed Ti templates to achieve complete and accurate control of the pore structure.The results indicate that the actual porosity and pore size of the prepared P model for each pore size are greater than the designed values.The addition of Ca changes the second phase of the alloy from Mg_(2)Sn to CaMgSn and refines its microstructure.The compressive yield strength and compressive modulus of the Mg−1Zn−1Sn−0.2Ca alloy scaffold reach 32.61 MPa and 0.23 GPa,respectively.The corrosion current density is measured at 14.64μA/cm^(2),with an instantaneous corrosion rate of 0.335 mm/a.Both scaffolds exhibit excellent biocompatibility and no cytotoxicity.Additionally,the antibacterial effects of both alloys on E.coli are greater than 97.81%.These results indicate that Mg alloy scaffolds have great potential for clinical applications.展开更多
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)remains a major global health burden due to its high incidence and mortality,with treatment efficacy often hindered by tumor hetero-geneity,drug resistance,and a complex tumor microenv...BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)remains a major global health burden due to its high incidence and mortality,with treatment efficacy often hindered by tumor hetero-geneity,drug resistance,and a complex tumor microenvironment(TME).Lactate metabolism plays a pivotal role in reshaping the TME,promoting immune eva-sion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition,making it a promising target for novel therapeutic strategies and prognostic modeling in CRC.AIM To offer an in-depth analysis of the role of lactate metabolism in CRC,high-lighting its significance in the TME and therapeutic response.METHODS Utilizing single-cell and transcriptomic data from the Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas,we identified key lactate metabolic activities,particularly in the monocyte/macrophage subpopulation.RESULTS Seven lactate metabolism-associated genes were significantly linked to CRC prognosis and used to construct a predictive model.This model accurately forecasts patient outcomes and reveals notable distinct patterns of immune infiltration and transcriptomic profiles mutation profiles between high-and low-risk groups.High-risk patients demonstrated elevated immune cell infiltration,increased mutation frequencies,and heightened sensitivity to specific drugs(AZD6482,tozasertib,and SB216763),providing a foundation for personalized treatment approaches.Additionally,a nomogram integrating clinical and metabolic data effectively predicted 1-,3-,and 5-year survival rates.CONCLUSION This report underscored the pivotal mechanism of lactate metabolism in CRC prognosis and suggest novel avenues for therapeutic intervention.展开更多
We study the thermodynamic properties of the classical one-dimensional generalized nonlinear Klein-Gordon lattice model(n≥2)by using the cluster variation method with linear response theory.The results of this method...We study the thermodynamic properties of the classical one-dimensional generalized nonlinear Klein-Gordon lattice model(n≥2)by using the cluster variation method with linear response theory.The results of this method are exact in the thermodynamic limit.We present the single-site reduced densityρ^((1))(z),averages such as(z^(2)),<|z^(n)|>,and<(z_(1)-z_(2))^(2)>,the specific heat C_(v),and the static correlation functions.We analyze the scaling behavior of these quantities and obtain the exact scaling powers at the low and high temperatures.Using these results,we gauge the accuracy of the projective truncation approximation for theφ^(4)lattice model.展开更多
文摘A symmetrical one-dimensional(1D)photonic crystal structure with a Dirac-emimetal-defected layer is proposed.The material properties of the Dirac semimetal are governed by three key parameters:Fermi level,Fermi velocity,and degeneracy factor.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed structure generates multiple photonic bandgaps within the THz frequency range.In the low-THz region,pronounced resonant transmission peaks emerge,enabling near-perfect filtering performance.The positions of these defect modes can be dynamically tuned by adjusting the Fermi level and degeneracy factor.In mid-and high-THz frequency bands,the Dirac semimetal begins to exhibit metallic behavior,leading to attenuation of the transmission peaks and the appearance of absorption.The elevation of the Fermi level delays the critical threshold for the transition from the dielectric state to the metallic state,while an increase in Fermi velocity suppresses metallic behavior.Therefore,enhancing both the Fermi level and Fermi velocity contributes to strengthening the defect peak intensity.Conversely,increasing the degeneracy factor strengthens the metallic characteristics,thereby disrupting the high-frequency photonic bandgap.Notably,the defect layer thickness and incident angle exert significant influence on the transmission behavior:a larger incident angle causes the defect peak to shift toward higher frequencies and reduces its intensity,whereas a thicker defect layer shifts the defect peak toward lower frequencies.The modulation effects of both parameters become more pronounced as frequency increases.Compared with conventional photonic crystals,our work can provide a tunable structure over transmission properties,offering novel strategies for designing tunable filters and optical sensors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42372307)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province(Grant No.2020JC-07)the SCEGC-XJTU Joint Research Center for Future City Construction and Management Innovation,Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group,and Xi’an Jiaotong University(Grant No.20221220).
文摘Water infiltration in loess is one of the most significant processes that can lead to geological disasters on the Loess Plateau in China.However,the spatiotemporal characteristics of infiltration in intact loess,particularly the heterogeneity of three-dimensional(3D)seepage and its relationship with soil properties,remain poorly understood.This study conducted field infiltration tests on a 3 m×3 m loess column,instrumented with 48 moisture sensors to monitor 3D seepage and infiltration rates.Both horizontal and vertical infiltration behaviors were analyzed,alongside a detailed characterization of soil physical properties.The results demonstrated that the water infiltration process was significantly heterogeneous in intact loess,with wetting front velocities varying considerably across profiles and depths,despite relatively uniform physical properties.The infiltration process also exhibited pronounced anisotropy,with vertical wetting front velocities at least 10 times higher than those of the horizontal velocities.The in situ tests indicated that the physical properties were not the primary factors influencing infiltration.However,the microfeatures that facilitated the formation of preferential pathways exerted the most significant influence on the water infiltration process in thick unsaturated loess.Additionally,prior infiltration events negatively impacted subsequent infiltration in thick unsaturated loess.These findings enhance the understanding of loess infiltration dynamics,providing insights into unsaturated flow processes and their implications for geological stability in loess regions.
基金funded by Science and Technology Program of Qinghai Province of China(2024-SF-129)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42002283).
文摘The impact mechanism of vegetation on slope soil water infiltration and stability in the loess areas of the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau remains unclear.Understanding this mechanism is crucial for regional ecological restoration and shallow geological disaster prevention.This study investigated slopes covered by Caragana korshinskii Kom.by employing double-ring infiltration tests to explore the permeability characteristics and influencing factors of root-containing soils and to propose an appropriate infiltration model.Considering the synergistic effects of the canopy and roots,the hydrological response and stability of vegetation-covered slopes under rainfall infiltration conditions were evaluated through numerical simulation analysis.The results revealed that within the main root distribution layer(0-0.5 m),the initial and average infiltration rates and the permeability coefficient of the root-soil composite were significantly higher than those of bare land.Coarse roots with diameters of>5 mm were the key contributors to enhancement of the infiltration capacity.The dry density,fine particle content,and initial water content of the soil around the roots were negatively correlated with the infiltration process.The Horton model effectively reproduced the infiltration process under the canopy and on bare land.The roots significantly accelerated the advance of the slope wetting front during rainfall infiltration,whereas the canopy delayed its onset and progression.The rainfall infiltration process on vegetation-covered slopes was divided into three stages:the equilibrium infiltration stage,optimal infiltration stage beneath the canopy,and secondary equilibrium stage.Vegetation enhances slope stability through coupling of the canopy and root,with an order of canopy-root mode>root mode>bare slope.Under heavy rainfall conditions,the direct contribution of canopy interception to slope stability is limited,and its primary role is to delay the occurrence of instability.During this period,the mechanical effect of roots becomes the dominant mechanism in slope protection.
基金supported by the Agency for Defense Development Grant Funded by the Korean Government(Grant No.912822501).
文摘Unmanned combat aerial vehicles require lightweight,stealth-capable exhaust systems.However,traditional metallic nozzles increase radar detectability and reduce range,while advanced composites offer high performance but are expensive.Therefore,to improve the operational range and survivability of unmanned combat aerial vehicles,a lightweight,high-temperature-resistant,oxidation-resistant,and low-observable composite exhaust nozzle is developed to replace conventional metallic straight-type nozzles.The nozzle features a double serpentine shape to reduce radar and infrared signatures and is manufactured as a monolithic structure using the filament winding process,accommodating the complex geometry and large size(length:1.8 m,width:0.8 m).The exhaust nozzle consists of a ceramic matrix composite made of silicon carbide fibers and a silicon oxycarbide matrix,which absorbs and scatters radio frequency signals while withstanding prolonged exposure to high-temperature(700℃)oxidizing environments typical of engine exhaust gases.The polysiloxane resin used to produce the silicon oxycarbide matrix poses significant challenges owing to its low tackiness and high viscosity variations depending on the presence of nanoparticles,making filament winding difficult.These challenges are addressed by optimizing resin viscosity and winding pattern design.As a result,the tensile strength of the composite specimens fabricated with the optimized viscosity increases by 228.03% before pyrolysis and 97.68%after pyrolysis,compared with that of the non-optimized specimens.In addition,the density and tensile strength of the composite processed via three cycles of polymer infiltration and pyrolysis increased by 13.08% and 80.37%,respectively,compared to those of the non-densified composite.High-temperature oxidation and flame tests demonstrate exceptional thermal and oxidative stability.Furthermore,when compared with carbon fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites,the developed composite exhibits a permittivity at least two levels lower and a reflection loss below7 dB within the frequency range of 9.3-10.9 GHz,underscoring its superior electromagnetic stealth performance.
基金funded by the National Basic Research Program of China (2013CB429902)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1303181, 41671032)
文摘A knowledge of soil permeability is essential to evaluate hydrologic characteristics of soil, such as water storage and water movement, and soil permeability coefficient is an important parameter that reflects soil permeability. In order to confirm the acceptability of the one-dimensional horizontal infiltration method（one-D method） for simultaneously determining both the saturated and unsaturated permeability coefficients of loamy sand, we first measured the cumulative infiltration and the wetting front distance under various infiltration heads through a series of one-dimensional horizontal infiltration experiments, and then analyzed the relationships of the cumulative horizontal infiltration with the wetting front distance and the square root of infiltration time. We finally compared the permeability results from Gardner model based on the one-D method with the results from other two commonly-used methods（i.e., constant head method and van Genuchten model） to evaluate the acceptability and applicability of the one-D method. The results showed that there was a robust linear relationship between the cumulative horizontal infiltration and the wetting front distance, suggesting that it is more appropriate to take the soil moisture content after infiltration in the entire wetted zone as the average soil moisture content than as the saturated soil moisture content. The results also showed that there was a robust linear relationship between the cumulative horizontal infiltration and the square root of infiltration time, suggesting that the Philip infiltration formula can better reflect the characteristics of cumulative horizontal infiltration under different infiltration heads. The following two facts indicate that it is feasible to use the one-D method for simultaneously determining the saturated and unsaturated permeability coefficients of loamy sand. First, the saturated permeability coefficient（prescribed in the Gardner model） of loamy sand obtained from the one-D method well agreed with the value obtained from the constant head method. Second, the relationship of unsaturated permeability coefficient with soil water suction for loamy sand calculated using Gardner model based on the one-D method was nearly identical with the same relationship calculated using van Genuchten model.
基金supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.KSCX2-YW-N-003)the National Basic Research Program of China (No.2005CB121103)the National Natural Science Foundation ofChina (No.50879067).
文摘Soil infiltration and redistribution are important processes in field water cycle, and it is necessary to develop a simple model to describe the processes. In this study, an algebraic solution for one-dimensional water infiltration and redistribution without evaporation in unsaturated soil was developed based on Richards equation. The algebraic solution had three parameters, namely, the saturated water conductivity, the comprehensive shape coefficient of the soil water content distribution, and the soil suction allocation coefficient. To analyze the physical features of these parameters, a relationship between the Green-Ampt model and the algebraic solution was established. The three parameters were estimated based on experimental observations, whereas the soil water content and the water infiltration duration were calculated using the algebraic solution. The calculated soil water content and infiltration duration were compared with the experimental observations, and the results indicated that the algebraic solution accurately described the unsaturated soil water flow processes.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(51705326,52075339)。
文摘In sub nanometer carbon nanotubes,water exhibits unique dynamic characteristics,and in the high-frequency region of the infrared spectrum,where the stretching vibrations of the internal oxygen-hydrogen(O-H)bonds are closely related to the hydrogen bonds(H-bonds)network between water molecules.Therefore,it is crucial to analyze the relationship between these two aspects.In this paper,the infrared spectrum and motion characteristics of the stretching vibrations of the O-H bonds in one-dimensional confined water(1DCW)and bulk water(BW)in(6,6)single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWNT)are studied by molecular dynamics simulations.The results show that the stretching vibrations of the two O-H bonds in 1DCW exhibit different frequencies in the infrared spectrum,while the O-H bonds in BW display two identical main frequency peaks.Further analysis using the spring oscillator model reveals that the difference in the stretching amplitude of the O-H bonds is the main factor causing the change in vibration frequency,where an increase in stretching amplitude leads to a decrease in spring stiffness and,consequently,a lower vibration frequency.A more in-depth study found that the interaction of H-bonds between water molecules is the fundamental cause of the increased stretching amplitude and decreased vibration frequency of the O-H bonds.Finally,by analyzing the motion trajectory of the H atoms,the dynamic differences between 1DCW and BW are clearly revealed.These findings provide a new perspective for understanding the behavior of water molecules at the nanoscale and are of significant importance in advancing the development of infrared spectroscopy detection technology.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11174026)。
文摘Using the Bose-Fermi mapping method,we obtain the exact ground state wavefunction of one-dimensional(1D)Bose gas with the zero-range dipolar interaction in the strongly repulsive contact interaction limit.Its ground state density distributions for both repulsive and attractive dipole interactions are exhibited.It is shown that in the case of the finite dipole interaction the density profiles do not change obviously with the increase of dipole interaction and display the typical shell structure of Tonks-Girardeau gases.As the repulsive dipole interaction is greatly strong,the density decreases at the center of the trap and displays a sunken valley.As the attractive dipole interaction increases,the density displays more oscillations and sharp peaks appear in the strong attraction limit,which mainly originate from the atoms occupying the low single particle levels.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22202065).
文摘Two-dimensional(2D)transition metal sulfides(TMDs)are emerging and highly well received 2D materials,which are considered as an ideal 2D platform for studying various electronic properties and potential applications due to their chemical diversity.Converting 2D TMDs into one-dimensional(1D)TMDs nanotubes can not only retain some advantages of 2D nanosheets but also providing a unique direction to explore the novel properties of TMDs materials in the 1D limit.However,the controllable preparation of high-quality nanotubes remains a major challenge.It is very necessary to review the advanced development of one-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide nanotubes from preparation to application.Here,we first summarize a series of bottom-up synthesis methods of 1D TMDs,such as template growth and metal catalyzed method.Then,top-down synthesis methods are summarized,which included selfcuring and stacking of TMDs nanosheets.In addition,we discuss some key applications that utilize the properties of 1D-TMDs nanotubes in the areas of catalyst preparation,energy storage,and electronic devices.Last but not least,we prospect the preparation methods of high-quality 1D-TMDs nanotubes,which will lay a foundation for the synthesis of high-performance optoelectronic devices,catalysts,and energy storage components.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52364004,52464005)The Youth Talent Growth Project of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education(No.Qian Jiao Ji[2024]18)+3 种基金Postgraduate Research Fund of Guizhou Province in 2024(No.2024YJSKYJJ067)Basic Research Project of Guizhou University(No.[2023]40)Guizhou Provincial Basic Research Program(Natural Science)(No.Qian Ke He Ji Chu-ZK[2024]Yi Ban011)Research Fund for Talents of Guizhou University(No.Gui Da Ren Ji He Zi(2023)24)。
文摘During the exploitation of sandstone gas reservoirs,natural fractures near the wellbore affect water infiltration and pore evolution;however,the impact mechanisms of these fractures remain unclear.This study utilized real-time nuclear magnetic resonance(RT-NMR)technology to investigate the influence of near-wellbore fracture angle(a)at 0°,15°,30°,and 45°on water infiltration,migration patterns,and pore evolution mechanisms during water injection.Throughout the experiments,T_(2)curves and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)were monito red in real time during the water injection process.The pore evolution and water infiltration were translated by the evolution of T_(2)curves and MRI.The results show that increasing injection pressure(P_(inj))transforms adsorption pores into seepage pores,leading to enhanced pore damage.Pore damage predominantly occurs during the rapid pressurization stage and is concentrated around the near-wellbore fracture.The maximum infiltration area and rate were observed at α=0°,while the minimum values occurred at α=45°,which can be attributed to the significant influence of a on water infiltration and migration pathways.The increasing inclination of the infiltration front with a is attributed to the fact that the rate of water infiltration along the fracture wall is always higher than that at the fracture tip.In field fracturing,it is recommended to adjust the perforation direction to align with the natural fracture orientation and optimize pressurization strategies by reducing the slow pressurization duration while extending the rapid pressurization stage.These findings can provide important guidance for setting fracturing sections and optimizing injection parameters in sandstone gas reservoir exploitation.
文摘To the Editor:Pancreatic cancer is a malignancy characterized by a poor prog-nosis,with a 5-year survival rate of<10%[1].Furthermore,only a minority of patients(<20%)qualify for curative-intent resec-tion,and even among those who undergo this procedure,the risk of recurrence within three years remains alarmingly high,reach-ing up to 70%[2].Due to the lack of specific clinical manifes-tations of pancreatic cancer,most cases have metastasized or in-vaded the major vessels around the pancreas at the time of initial diagnosis,resulting in a low surgical resection rate.Even patients who undergo surgical resection often face a poor prognosis[3].In recent years,neoadjuvant chemotherapy using agents such as gemcitabine,5-fluorouracil,albumin-bound paclitaxel,modified fluorouracil/leucovorin plus irinotecan,and oxaliplatin(mFOLFIRI-NOX),targeted therapies addressing molecular subtypes of pan-creatic cancer,and immunotherapies targeting PD-1 and PD-L1 have shown efficacy in improving the overall prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer,although the impact remains modest[4,5].Therefore,novel therapeutic strategies and prognostic evaluation systems are urgently needed to enhance the survival of patients with pancreatic cancer.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12374416)。
文摘Adjustable or programmable metamaterials offer versatile functions,while the complex multi-dimensional regulation increases workload,and hinders their applications in practical scenarios.To address these challenges,we present a mechanically programmable acoustic metamaterial for real-time focal tuning via one-dimensional phase-gradient modulation in this paper.The device integrates a phase gradient structure with concave cavity channels and an x-shaped telescopic mechanical framework,enabling dynamic adjustment of inter-unit spacing(1 mm-3 mm)through a microcontroller-driven motor.By modulating the spacing between adjacent channels,the phase gradient is precisely controlled,allowing continuous focal shift from 50 mm to 300 mm along the x-axis at 7500 Hz.Broadband focusing is also discussed in the range6800 Hz-8100 Hz,with transmission coefficients exceeding 0.5,ensuring high efficiency and robust performance.Experimental results align closely with simulations,validating the design's effectiveness and adaptability.Unlike conventional programmable metamaterials requiring multi-dimensional parameter optimization,this approach simplifies real-time control through single-axis mechanical adjustment,significantly reducing operational complexity.Due to the advantages of broadband focusing,simple control mode,real-time monitoring,and so on,the device may have extensive applications in the fields of acoustic imaging,nondestructive testing,ultrasound medical treatment,etc.
文摘Empirical formulas are indispensable tools in water engineering and hydraulic structure design.Derived from meticulous field observations,experiments,and diverse datasets,these formulas help to estimate water leakage in structures such as dams,tunnels,canals,and pipelines.By utilizing a few easily measurable parameters,engineers can employ these formulas to generate preliminary leakage rate estimates before proceeding with more detailed analyses.In this study,a physical model was developed,and a series of experiments were conducted,considering variables such as inflow rate,materials constituting the unsaturated medium,and variations in infiltration trench depth and width.As a result,a novel artificial recharge method was introduced,and an empirical equation,Q_(out)=0.0066×D_(50)^(0.64)×L×P^(0.36),was proposed to estimate the infiltration capacity of the trench.This equation incorporates factors such as the wetted perimeter,mean soil particle diameter,trench length,and a coefficient.A comparative analysis between the observed data from nine Iranian earthen canals and the values calculated using the proposed equation revealed an average relative error of 15%between the two datasets.In addition,the Pearson correlation coefficient was determined to be 0.981 and the Root Mean Square Error(RMSE)was 0.381,demonstrating the strong predictive performance of the equation.The parameters considered in the proposed equation allow for its application across diverse regions.Given its accurate performance,this equation provides a reliable initial estimate of the leakage rate,thereby helping to reduce costs and save time.
文摘AIM:To investigate cuproptosis-related molecular and immune infiltration in age-related macular degeneration(AMD)development and establish a predictive model.METHODS:The expression profiles of cuproptosisrelated genes and immune signature in AMD based on the microarray dataset GSE29801 were analyzed.A total of 142 AMD samples were used to identify the cuproptosisrelated differentially expressed genes(Cu-DEGs),together with the immune cell infiltration.To further refine the list of potential genes for AMD diagnosis,three machine learning techniques were used,and an external dataset were applied for confirming the accuracy of the predictive performance.Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)were also performed to examine the level of mRNA of hub genes.The activated immune responses and Cu-DEGs were assessed between AMD and controls.RESULTS:Six genes,including ATP7A,DBT,VEGFA,UBE2D3,CP,SLC31A1,were screened as cuproptosissignature in AMD via three machine learning methods.Next,SLC31A1 and VEGFA was selected as hub genes by performance evaluation in an external dataset GSE160011,further analysis showed that SLC31A1 and VEGFA were associated with pathways related to immune signaling and immune function,which were then observed in relation to infiltrating immune cells.Finally,the mRNA expression levels of SLC31A1 and VEGFA were significantly higher in laser induced choroidal neovascularization(CNV)group than in control group detected by RT-PCR.CONCLUSION:In this study,the possible relationship between cuproptosis and AMD is expounded systematically.A predictive model is developed to assess the risk of cuproptosis-related genes and their clinical prognostic value in AMD patients.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52371240)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘The oxygen evolution reaction(OER),a critical half-reaction in water electrolysis,has garnered significant attention.However,sluggish OER kinetics has emerged as a major impediment to efficient electrochemical energy conversion.There is an urgent need to design novel electrocatalysts with optimized OER kinetics and enhanced intrinsic activity to improve overall OER performance.Herein,one-dimensional(1D)nanocomposites with high electrocatalytic activity were developed through the deposition of CoFePBA nanocubes onto the surface of MnO_(2) nanowires.The electronic structure of the nanocomposite surface was modified,and the synergistic effects between transition metals were leveraged to enhance catalytic activity through the deposition of Prussian blue analog(PBA)nanocubes on manganese dioxide nanowires.Specifically,CoFePBA featured an open crystal structure that offiered numerous electrochemical active sites and efficient charge transfer pathways.Additionally,the synergistic interactions between Co and Fe significantly reduced the OER overpotential.Additionally,the 1D rigid MnO_(2) acted as protective armor,ensuring the stability of active sites within CoFePBA during the OER.The synthesized MnO_(2)@CoFePBA achieved an overpotential of 1.614 V at 10 mA/cm^(2) and a small Tafel slope of 94 mV/dec and demonstrated stable performance for over 200 h.This work offers new insights into the rational design of various PBA-based nanocomposites with high activity and stability.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers:42077265,41927806)the Science and Technology Project of Gansu Provincial Department of Transportation(grant number:2023-12)the Gansu Science and Technology Department of Key Projects(grant number:21YF5FA002)。
文摘Floor heave is a common water-induced issue of loess tunnels.However,the mechanism of tunnel floor heave induced by repeated rainfall or irrigation remains poorly understood.This study analyzes moisture variation at the tunnel base and invert deformation through a 15-year survey of an operational loess tunnel.An improved Green-Ampt model was developed to capture the effects of interannual repeated infiltration on water content,permeability,and matric suction at the tunnel base.The model was validated using soil column infiltration tests.The calculated wetting front depth was incorporated into the tunnel numerical simulation to analyze the development of floor heave and assess its several influencing factors.Results show the base average water content at the tunnel base increases exponentially with operational years.After 15 years,over 50%of the monitored sections reach saturation,leading to significant invert uplift.Based on the plastic limit,saturation water content,and liquid limit of loess,floor heave is categorized into four levels with deformation thresholds at 10,25,and 50 mm.The modified Green-Ampt model is suitable for repeated infiltration conditions and offers practical guidance.Neglecting hydraulic deterioration due to repeated infiltration may lead to significant prediction errors.Numerical simulations reveal that the inverted arch uplift height,width,and height-to-width ratio increase linearly with the rise in the number of infiltration events.The uplift deformation follows Gaussian distribution in both cross and longitudinal sections,forming aΛ-shaped floor heave.The influence of infiltration duration,water content,horizontal infiltration,asymmetric infiltration,burial depth,and the number of infiltration events enhanced successively on floor heave.This model facilitates the prediction of floor heave under dynamic hydrological conditions during long-term tunnel operation.
文摘BACKGROUND Shwachman-Diamond syndrome(SDS)is a rare genetic disorder that affects multiple organs,primarily the liver.Most patients are diagnosed during infancy or early childhood.As they grow older,the majority of affected children may experience spontaneous remission,and cases of cirrhosis in adults are rarely reported.CASE SUMMARY A 36-year-old male patient presented with massive ascites.Laboratory tests revealed pancytopenia and a serum-ascites albumin gradient greater than 1.1 g/dL.An abdominal computed tomography scan demonstrated cirrhosis,splenomegaly,pancreatic fat infiltration,and a substantial accumulation of peritoneal fluid.Gastroscopy identified esophageal varices.Liver stiffness measurement indicated a value of 32.7 kPa.Based on the results of auxiliary examinations,common causes of cirrhosis were excluded,and a mutation in the Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome gene was ultimately identified through whole-exome sequencing.The patient was diagnosed with cirrhosis secondary to SDS.Following the correction of hypoalbuminemia and administration of diuretics,the patient's ascites resolved.CONCLUSION Patients with liver cirrhosis who also exhibit pancreatic fat infiltration and pancytopenia necessitate further exon testing to exclude the possibility of SDS.
基金the financial support for this work from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52171241,52373251,52201301,51801137)Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City,China(No.22JCQNJC00750)Tianjin University of Technology Graduate Research Innovation Project,China(No.YJ2235)。
文摘The Mg−1Zn−1Sn and Mg−1Zn−1Sn−0.2Ca alloy scaffolds were prepared via infiltration casting using 3D-printed Ti templates to achieve complete and accurate control of the pore structure.The results indicate that the actual porosity and pore size of the prepared P model for each pore size are greater than the designed values.The addition of Ca changes the second phase of the alloy from Mg_(2)Sn to CaMgSn and refines its microstructure.The compressive yield strength and compressive modulus of the Mg−1Zn−1Sn−0.2Ca alloy scaffold reach 32.61 MPa and 0.23 GPa,respectively.The corrosion current density is measured at 14.64μA/cm^(2),with an instantaneous corrosion rate of 0.335 mm/a.Both scaffolds exhibit excellent biocompatibility and no cytotoxicity.Additionally,the antibacterial effects of both alloys on E.coli are greater than 97.81%.These results indicate that Mg alloy scaffolds have great potential for clinical applications.
基金Supported by Henan Province Science and Technology Research Project,No.232102310043Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research and Development Plan Joint Fund,No.222103810047Key Scientific Research Project Plan of Colleges and Universities in Henan Province,No.22A320033.
文摘BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)remains a major global health burden due to its high incidence and mortality,with treatment efficacy often hindered by tumor hetero-geneity,drug resistance,and a complex tumor microenvironment(TME).Lactate metabolism plays a pivotal role in reshaping the TME,promoting immune eva-sion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition,making it a promising target for novel therapeutic strategies and prognostic modeling in CRC.AIM To offer an in-depth analysis of the role of lactate metabolism in CRC,high-lighting its significance in the TME and therapeutic response.METHODS Utilizing single-cell and transcriptomic data from the Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas,we identified key lactate metabolic activities,particularly in the monocyte/macrophage subpopulation.RESULTS Seven lactate metabolism-associated genes were significantly linked to CRC prognosis and used to construct a predictive model.This model accurately forecasts patient outcomes and reveals notable distinct patterns of immune infiltration and transcriptomic profiles mutation profiles between high-and low-risk groups.High-risk patients demonstrated elevated immune cell infiltration,increased mutation frequencies,and heightened sensitivity to specific drugs(AZD6482,tozasertib,and SB216763),providing a foundation for personalized treatment approaches.Additionally,a nomogram integrating clinical and metabolic data effectively predicted 1-,3-,and 5-year survival rates.CONCLUSION This report underscored the pivotal mechanism of lactate metabolism in CRC prognosis and suggest novel avenues for therapeutic intervention.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11974420).
文摘We study the thermodynamic properties of the classical one-dimensional generalized nonlinear Klein-Gordon lattice model(n≥2)by using the cluster variation method with linear response theory.The results of this method are exact in the thermodynamic limit.We present the single-site reduced densityρ^((1))(z),averages such as(z^(2)),<|z^(n)|>,and<(z_(1)-z_(2))^(2)>,the specific heat C_(v),and the static correlation functions.We analyze the scaling behavior of these quantities and obtain the exact scaling powers at the low and high temperatures.Using these results,we gauge the accuracy of the projective truncation approximation for theφ^(4)lattice model.
