Peng et al.in[Phys.Rev.Research,2020,2(3):033089,11 pp.]formulated one-way fluxes for a general chemical reaction far from equilibrium,with arbitrary complex mechanisms,multiple intermediates,and internal kinetic cycl...Peng et al.in[Phys.Rev.Research,2020,2(3):033089,11 pp.]formulated one-way fluxes for a general chemical reaction far from equilibrium,with arbitrary complex mechanisms,multiple intermediates,and internal kinetic cycles.They defined the limit of the ratio of mesoscopic one-way fluxes and the volume of the tank reactor when the volume tends to infinity as macroscopic one-way fluxes,but a rigorous proof of existence of the limit is still awaiting.In this article,we fill this gap under a mild hypothesis:the Markov chain associated with the chemical master equation has finite states and any two columns in the stoichiometric matrices are not identical.In fact,an explicit expression of the limit is obtained.展开更多
We theoretically demonstrate that multipartite entanglement and one-way Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen(EPR)steering in a magnon frequency comb(MFC)can be generated in a hybrid magnon-skyrmion system.When the system is driven...We theoretically demonstrate that multipartite entanglement and one-way Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen(EPR)steering in a magnon frequency comb(MFC)can be generated in a hybrid magnon-skyrmion system.When the system is driven by two microwave fields at the magnonic whispering gallery mode(m WGM)and the skyrmion,the skyrmion can be simultaneously entangled with three magnon modes of the MFC and the entanglement of the first-order magnon pair in the MFC also appears.The results show that the perfect one-way steering between the skyrmion and the three magnons can be obtained.Interestingly,the steering direction can be manipulated by controlling the amplitudes of two drive fields,which provides flexibility in controlling the asymmetry of the EPR steering and may well have practical applications.Moreover,the genuine tripartite entanglement among the skyrmion and the first-order magnon pair can be achieved with appropriate parameters in the steady state.Our work exhibits that the MFC has great potential in preparing multi-mode entanglement resources,with promising applications in quantum communication.展开更多
As vehicular networks become increasingly pervasive,enhancing connectivity and reliability has emerged as a critical objective.Among the enabling technologies for advanced wireless communication,particularly those tar...As vehicular networks become increasingly pervasive,enhancing connectivity and reliability has emerged as a critical objective.Among the enabling technologies for advanced wireless communication,particularly those targeting low latency and high reliability,time synchronization is critical,especially in vehicular networks.However,due to the inherent mobility of vehicular environments,consistently exchanging synchronization packets with a fixed base station or access point is challenging.This issue is further exacerbated in signal shadowed areas such as urban canyons,tunnels,or large-scale indoor hallswhere other technologies,such as global navigation satellite system(GNSS),are unavailable.One-way synchronization techniques offer a feasible approach under such transient connectivity conditions.One-way schemes still suffer from long convergence times to reach the required synchronization accuracy in these circumstances.In this paper,we propose a WLAN-based multi-stage clock synchronization scheme(WMC)tailored for vehicular networks.The proposed method comprises an initial hard update stage to rapidly achieve synchronization,followed by a high-precision stable stage based on Maximum Likelihood Estimation(MLE).By implementing the scheme directly at the network driver,we address key limitations of hard update mechanisms.Our approach significantly reduces the initial period to collect high-quality samples and offset estimation time to reach sub-50μs accuracy,and subsequently transitions to a refined MLE-based synchronization stage,achieving stable accuracy at approximately 30μs.The windowed moving average stabilized(reaching 90%of the baseline)in approximately 35 s,which corresponds to just 5.1%of the baseline time accuracy.Finally,the impact of synchronization performance on the localization model was validated using the Simulation of Urban Mobility(SUMO).The results demonstrate that more accurate conditions for position estimation can be supported,with an improvement about 38.5%in the mean error.展开更多
To understand any statistical tool requires not only an understanding of the relevant computational procedures but also an awareness of the assumptions upon which the procedures are based, and the effects of violation...To understand any statistical tool requires not only an understanding of the relevant computational procedures but also an awareness of the assumptions upon which the procedures are based, and the effects of violations of these assumptions. In our earlier articles (Laverty, Miket, & Kelly [1]) and (Laverty & Kelly, [2] [3]) we used Microsoft Excel to simulate both a Hidden Markov model and heteroskedastic models showing different realizations of these models and the performance of the techniques for identifying the underlying hidden states using simulated data. The advantage of using Excel is that the simulations are regenerated when the spreadsheet is recalculated allowing the user to observe the performance of the statistical technique under different realizations of the data. In this article we will show how to use Excel to generate data from a one-way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) model and how the statistical methods behave both when the fundamental assumptions of the model hold and when these assumptions are violated. The purpose of this article is to provide tools for individuals to gain an intuitive understanding of these violations using this readily available program.展开更多
The self-rotating motion of the earth makes it possible to test the constancy of the speed of light in all directions by measuring the one-way speed of light. The review of the implemented experiments to test the cons...The self-rotating motion of the earth makes it possible to test the constancy of the speed of light in all directions by measuring the one-way speed of light. The review of the implemented experiments to test the constancy of the speed of light, based on the theory of the absolute system of reference, yields some indications that the speed of light is affected by the self-rotational motion of the earth. The newest experiments based either on the methodology of standing waves or on the Compton edge effect cannot contribute in this field of research. A proposed experiment to measure the one-way speed of light, and the corresponding relativistic predictions, are discussed.展开更多
目的基于超高效液相色谱-串联四级杆/线性离子阱质谱(ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem fourth stage rod/linear ion trap mass spectrometry,UPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS)和多元统计分析,考察和评价不同干燥方式对乌药叶成...目的基于超高效液相色谱-串联四级杆/线性离子阱质谱(ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem fourth stage rod/linear ion trap mass spectrometry,UPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS)和多元统计分析,考察和评价不同干燥方式对乌药叶成分的影响。方法采用UPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS技术,以ACQUITY UPLC?HSS T3(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8μm)色谱柱分离,0.1%甲酸溶液(A相)-乙腈(B相)为流动相;梯度洗脱,柱温35℃,流量0.2 mL·min-1,多反应离子监测模式同时测定乌药叶10个成分,结合方差分析、聚类热图、熵权TOPSIS和灰色关联法对不同干燥方式后乌药叶多元化学成分进行综合评价。结果10个成分在一定的浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数均>0.9916;仪器精密度、方法重复性和供试品稳定性良好,RSD均<5%;加样回收率在99.13%~103.07%,RSD值均<5%。方差分析表明不同干燥方式后乌药叶6个成分差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);聚类热图结果显示经不同干燥方式后各成分呈明显聚集趋势;TOPSIS与灰色关联法分析结果基本一致,最终经阴凉通风摊晾干燥处理后成分保留效果最佳。结论所建立的方法准确、可靠,可为乌药叶适宜的加工方式和品质规范化生产提供参考。展开更多
基金partially supported by NSFC(Nos.11701265,11961033).
文摘Peng et al.in[Phys.Rev.Research,2020,2(3):033089,11 pp.]formulated one-way fluxes for a general chemical reaction far from equilibrium,with arbitrary complex mechanisms,multiple intermediates,and internal kinetic cycles.They defined the limit of the ratio of mesoscopic one-way fluxes and the volume of the tank reactor when the volume tends to infinity as macroscopic one-way fluxes,but a rigorous proof of existence of the limit is still awaiting.In this article,we fill this gap under a mild hypothesis:the Markov chain associated with the chemical master equation has finite states and any two columns in the stoichiometric matrices are not identical.In fact,an explicit expression of the limit is obtained.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1402802)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12374103,12434003,and 12074057)。
文摘We theoretically demonstrate that multipartite entanglement and one-way Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen(EPR)steering in a magnon frequency comb(MFC)can be generated in a hybrid magnon-skyrmion system.When the system is driven by two microwave fields at the magnonic whispering gallery mode(m WGM)and the skyrmion,the skyrmion can be simultaneously entangled with three magnon modes of the MFC and the entanglement of the first-order magnon pair in the MFC also appears.The results show that the perfect one-way steering between the skyrmion and the three magnons can be obtained.Interestingly,the steering direction can be manipulated by controlling the amplitudes of two drive fields,which provides flexibility in controlling the asymmetry of the EPR steering and may well have practical applications.Moreover,the genuine tripartite entanglement among the skyrmion and the first-order magnon pair can be achieved with appropriate parameters in the steady state.Our work exhibits that the MFC has great potential in preparing multi-mode entanglement resources,with promising applications in quantum communication.
基金supported by Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning(KETEP)grant funded by the Korea government(MOTIE)(No.20224B10300090)supported by the MSIT(Ministry of Science and ICT),Republic of Korea,under the ITRC(Information Technology Research Center)support program(IITP-2025-RS-2021-II211835)supervised by the IITP(Institute of Information&Communications Technology Planning&Evaluation).
文摘As vehicular networks become increasingly pervasive,enhancing connectivity and reliability has emerged as a critical objective.Among the enabling technologies for advanced wireless communication,particularly those targeting low latency and high reliability,time synchronization is critical,especially in vehicular networks.However,due to the inherent mobility of vehicular environments,consistently exchanging synchronization packets with a fixed base station or access point is challenging.This issue is further exacerbated in signal shadowed areas such as urban canyons,tunnels,or large-scale indoor hallswhere other technologies,such as global navigation satellite system(GNSS),are unavailable.One-way synchronization techniques offer a feasible approach under such transient connectivity conditions.One-way schemes still suffer from long convergence times to reach the required synchronization accuracy in these circumstances.In this paper,we propose a WLAN-based multi-stage clock synchronization scheme(WMC)tailored for vehicular networks.The proposed method comprises an initial hard update stage to rapidly achieve synchronization,followed by a high-precision stable stage based on Maximum Likelihood Estimation(MLE).By implementing the scheme directly at the network driver,we address key limitations of hard update mechanisms.Our approach significantly reduces the initial period to collect high-quality samples and offset estimation time to reach sub-50μs accuracy,and subsequently transitions to a refined MLE-based synchronization stage,achieving stable accuracy at approximately 30μs.The windowed moving average stabilized(reaching 90%of the baseline)in approximately 35 s,which corresponds to just 5.1%of the baseline time accuracy.Finally,the impact of synchronization performance on the localization model was validated using the Simulation of Urban Mobility(SUMO).The results demonstrate that more accurate conditions for position estimation can be supported,with an improvement about 38.5%in the mean error.
文摘To understand any statistical tool requires not only an understanding of the relevant computational procedures but also an awareness of the assumptions upon which the procedures are based, and the effects of violations of these assumptions. In our earlier articles (Laverty, Miket, & Kelly [1]) and (Laverty & Kelly, [2] [3]) we used Microsoft Excel to simulate both a Hidden Markov model and heteroskedastic models showing different realizations of these models and the performance of the techniques for identifying the underlying hidden states using simulated data. The advantage of using Excel is that the simulations are regenerated when the spreadsheet is recalculated allowing the user to observe the performance of the statistical technique under different realizations of the data. In this article we will show how to use Excel to generate data from a one-way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) model and how the statistical methods behave both when the fundamental assumptions of the model hold and when these assumptions are violated. The purpose of this article is to provide tools for individuals to gain an intuitive understanding of these violations using this readily available program.
文摘The self-rotating motion of the earth makes it possible to test the constancy of the speed of light in all directions by measuring the one-way speed of light. The review of the implemented experiments to test the constancy of the speed of light, based on the theory of the absolute system of reference, yields some indications that the speed of light is affected by the self-rotational motion of the earth. The newest experiments based either on the methodology of standing waves or on the Compton edge effect cannot contribute in this field of research. A proposed experiment to measure the one-way speed of light, and the corresponding relativistic predictions, are discussed.
文摘目的基于超高效液相色谱-串联四级杆/线性离子阱质谱(ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem fourth stage rod/linear ion trap mass spectrometry,UPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS)和多元统计分析,考察和评价不同干燥方式对乌药叶成分的影响。方法采用UPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS技术,以ACQUITY UPLC?HSS T3(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8μm)色谱柱分离,0.1%甲酸溶液(A相)-乙腈(B相)为流动相;梯度洗脱,柱温35℃,流量0.2 mL·min-1,多反应离子监测模式同时测定乌药叶10个成分,结合方差分析、聚类热图、熵权TOPSIS和灰色关联法对不同干燥方式后乌药叶多元化学成分进行综合评价。结果10个成分在一定的浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数均>0.9916;仪器精密度、方法重复性和供试品稳定性良好,RSD均<5%;加样回收率在99.13%~103.07%,RSD值均<5%。方差分析表明不同干燥方式后乌药叶6个成分差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);聚类热图结果显示经不同干燥方式后各成分呈明显聚集趋势;TOPSIS与灰色关联法分析结果基本一致,最终经阴凉通风摊晾干燥处理后成分保留效果最佳。结论所建立的方法准确、可靠,可为乌药叶适宜的加工方式和品质规范化生产提供参考。
