In order to improve the quality of 3D printed raspberry preserves after post-processing,microwave ovens combining infrared and microwave methods were utilized.The effects of infrared heating temperature,infrared heati...In order to improve the quality of 3D printed raspberry preserves after post-processing,microwave ovens combining infrared and microwave methods were utilized.The effects of infrared heating temperature,infrared heating time,microwave power,microwave heating time on the center temperature,moisture content,the chroma(C*),the total color difference(ΔE*),shape fidelity,hardness,and the total anthocyanin content of 3D printed raspberry preserves were analyzed by response surface method(RSM).The results showed that under combining with the two methods,infrared heating improved the fidelity and quality degradation of printed products,while microwave heating enhanced the efficiency of infrared heating.Infrared-microwave combination cooking could maintain relatively stable color appearance and shape of 3D printed raspberry preserves.The AHP–CRITIC hybrid weighting method combined with the response surface test to determine the comprehensive weights of the evaluation indicators optimized the process parameters,and the optimal process parameters were obtained:infrared heating temperature of 190℃,infrared heating time of 10 min and 30 s,microwave power of 300 W,and microwave heating time of 2 min and 6 s.The 3D printed raspberry cooking methods obtained under the optimal conditions seldom had color variation,porous structure,uniform texture,and high shape fidelity,which retained the characteristics of personalized manufacturing by 3D printing.This study could provide a reference for the postprocessing and quality control of 3D cooking methods.展开更多
First,the analytical hierarchy process(AHP),which stands for the subjective weighting method,and the entropy method,which stands for the objective weighting method,are chosen to calculate the index weights of the cont...First,the analytical hierarchy process(AHP),which stands for the subjective weighting method,and the entropy method,which stands for the objective weighting method,are chosen to calculate the index weights of the contract risks of third party logistics(TPL),respectively.Then,they can determine the combination weights using the combination weighting method.Second,using the combination weights,the contract risks of TPL are evaluated through the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method.According to the combination weights,the most important risk factor of the contract risks of TPL is choosing sub-contractors.The results are basically consistent with the facts and show that the weights determined by the combination weighting method can avoid the man-made deviations of the subjective weighting method on the one hand,and prevent results opposite to the reality brought about by the objective weighting method on the other hand.Meanwhile,the results of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation are that the contract risks of TPL are at a high risk level.Roughly this matches real situations,and it indicates that the combination weighting method can generate the comprehensive assessment more scientifically and more reasonably as well.展开更多
This study investigated the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,volatile flavor components,microbial communities,and sensory evaluation of high-temperature Daqu(HTD)during the maturation process,and a standar...This study investigated the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,volatile flavor components,microbial communities,and sensory evaluation of high-temperature Daqu(HTD)during the maturation process,and a standard system was established for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD.There were obvious changes in the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,and volatile flavor components at different storage periods,which affected the sensory evaluation of HTD to a certain extent.The results of high-throughput sequencing revealed significant microbial diversity,and showed that the bacterial community changed significantly more than did the fungal community.During the storage process,the dominant bacterial genera were Kroppenstedtia and Thermoascus.The correlation between dominant microorganisms and quality indicators highlighted their role in HTD quality.Lactococcus,Candida,Pichia,Paecilomyces,and protease activity played a crucial role in the formation of isovaleraldehyde.Acidic protease activity had the greatest impact on the microbial community.Moisture promoted isobutyric acid generation.Furthermore,the comprehensive quality evaluation standard system was established by the entropy weight method combined with multi-factor fuzzy mathematics.Consequently,this study provides innovative insights for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD during storage and establishes a groundwork for scientific and rational storage of HTD and quality control of sauce-flavor Baijiu.展开更多
The accurate identification of the oil-paper insulation state of a transformer is crucial for most maintenance strategies.This paper presents a multi-feature comprehensive evaluation model based on combination weighti...The accurate identification of the oil-paper insulation state of a transformer is crucial for most maintenance strategies.This paper presents a multi-feature comprehensive evaluation model based on combination weighting and an improved technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS)method to perform an objective and scientific evaluation of the transformer oil-paper insulation state.Firstly,multiple aging features are extracted from the recovery voltage polarization spectrum and the extended Debye equivalent circuit owing to the limitations of using a single feature for evaluation.A standard evaluation index system is then established by using the collected time-domain dielectric spectrum data.Secondly,this study implements the per-unit value concept to integrate the dimension of the index matrix and calculates the objective weight by using the random forest algorithm.Furthermore,it combines the weighting model to overcome the drawbacks of the single weighting method by using the indicators and considering the subjective experience of experts and the random forest algorithm.Lastly,the enhanced TOPSIS approach is used to determine the insulation quality of an oil-paper transformer.A verification example demonstrates that the evaluation model developed in this study can efficiently and accurately diagnose the insulation status of transformers.Essentially,this study presents a novel approach for the assessment of transformer oil-paper insulation.展开更多
In this study,to develop a benefit-allocation model,in-depth analysis of a distributed photovoltaic-powergeneration carport and energy-storage charging-pile project was performed;the model was developed using Shapley ...In this study,to develop a benefit-allocation model,in-depth analysis of a distributed photovoltaic-powergeneration carport and energy-storage charging-pile project was performed;the model was developed using Shapley integrated-empowerment benefit-distribution method.First,through literature survey and expert interview to identify the risk factors at various stages of the project,a dynamic risk-factor indicator system is developed.Second,to obtain a more meaningful risk-calculation result,the subjective and objective weights are combined,the weights of the risk factors at each stage are determined by the expert scoring method and entropy weight method,and the interest distribution model based on multi-dimensional risk factors is established.Finally,an example is used to verify the rationality of the method for the benefit distribution of the charging-pile project.The results of the example indicate that the limitations of the Shapley method can be reasonably avoided,and the applicability of the model for the benefit distribution of the charging-pile project is verified.展开更多
Existing“evaluation indicators”are selected and combined to build a model to support the optimization of shale gas horizontal wells.Towards this end,different“weighting methods”,including AHP and the so-called ent...Existing“evaluation indicators”are selected and combined to build a model to support the optimization of shale gas horizontal wells.Towards this end,different“weighting methods”,including AHP and the so-called entropy method,are combined in the frame of the game theory.Using a relevant test case for the implementation of the model,it is shown that the horizontal section of the considered well is in the middle sweet spot area with good physical properties and fracturing ability.In comparison with the FSI(flow scanner Image)gas production profile,the new model seems to display better abilities for the optimization of horizontal wells.展开更多
Different criteria and factors are used in different methods of soft soil foundation settlement calculation and engineering geological zoning.The methods used are not universally suitable for complex geological enviro...Different criteria and factors are used in different methods of soft soil foundation settlement calculation and engineering geological zoning.The methods used are not universally suitable for complex geological environments.The post-construction settlement of soft soil foundations are especially large and difficult to calculate.In addition,there are many deficiencies in the current methods used for engineering geological zoning.Focusing on the need of establishing engineering geological zoning for areas with soft soil foundations in the Tianjin Marine Economic Area,combination weighting and extension methods were introduced.An evaluation model for the settlement of soft soil foundations was established using multiple factors and large amounts of data.This evaluation model is accurate and objective for delineating engineering geological zoning.These methods eliminate deficiencies by considering both objective and subjective factors,and help obtain an objective and accurate result.展开更多
Metros are critical infrastructure in big cities and evaluation of their safe operation is of increasing im-portance.To make a reasonable safety evaluation for the metro during operation,this paper establishes a ratio...Metros are critical infrastructure in big cities and evaluation of their safe operation is of increasing im-portance.To make a reasonable safety evaluation for the metro during operation,this paper establishes a rational safety evaluation model based on long-term monitoring data of Shanghai Metro Line 2.Four evaluation indicators,ie.,absolute settlement,relative curvature,deformation rate and curvature radius,are adopted.Analytic hierar-chy process(AHP)and entropy method are combined to determine the weights of the indicators.The risk level values at different mileage are calculated and five danger levels are defined accordingly to determine the safety state of Shanghai Metro Line 2,ie.,safe,relatively safe,critical,relatively dangerous,and dangerous.Safety evaluation of Shanghai Metro Line 2 shows that:83.81%areas of Shanghai Metro Line 2 are in safe,relatively safe and critical states,while 15.63%and 0.57%areas are in relatively dangerous and dangerous states,respectively;the parts of Shanghai Metro Line 2 where the risk level values exceed the critical value are mainly distributed around the mileage at 6.0-7.5km and 8.5-11.0 km,and the risk level value peaks around the mileage at 7.3km,to which much attention should be attached and relevant protective measures be taken;the sections with the high risk level values coincide with the distinctly deforming arcas of the metro,indicating that this evaluation method is valid.展开更多
Soil erosion has been recognized as a critical environmental issue worldwide.While previous studies have primarily focused on watershed-scale soil erosion vulnerability from a natural factor perspective,there is a not...Soil erosion has been recognized as a critical environmental issue worldwide.While previous studies have primarily focused on watershed-scale soil erosion vulnerability from a natural factor perspective,there is a notable gap in understanding the intricate interplay between natural and socio-economic factors,especially in the context of spatial heterogeneity and nonlinear impacts of human-land interactions.To address this,our study evaluates the soil erosion vulnerability at a provincial scale,taking Hubei Province as a case study to explore the combined effects of natural and socio-economic factors.We developed an evaluation index system based on 15 indicators of soil erosion vulnerability:exposure,sensitivity,and adaptability.In addition,the combination weighting method was applied to determine index weights,and the spatial interaction was analyzed using spatial autocorrelation,geographical temporally weighted regression and geographical detector.The results showed an overall decreasing soil erosion intensity in Hubei Province during 2000 and 2020.The soil erosion vulnerability increased before 2000 and then.The areas with high soil erosion vulnerability were mainly confined in the central and southern regions of Hubei Province(Xiantao,Tianmen,Qianjiang and Ezhou)with obvious spatial aggregation that intensified over time.Natural factors(habitat quality index)had negative impacts on soil erosion vulnerability,whereas socio-economic factors(population density)showed substantial spatial variability in their influences.There was a positive correlation between soil erosion vulnerability and erosion intensity,with the correlation coefficients ranging from-0.41 and 0.93.The increase of slope was found to enhance the positive correlation between soil erosion vulnerability and intensity.展开更多
Two-dimensional(2D)transition metal sulfides(TMDs)are emerging and highly well received 2D materials,which are considered as an ideal 2D platform for studying various electronic properties and potential applications d...Two-dimensional(2D)transition metal sulfides(TMDs)are emerging and highly well received 2D materials,which are considered as an ideal 2D platform for studying various electronic properties and potential applications due to their chemical diversity.Converting 2D TMDs into one-dimensional(1D)TMDs nanotubes can not only retain some advantages of 2D nanosheets but also providing a unique direction to explore the novel properties of TMDs materials in the 1D limit.However,the controllable preparation of high-quality nanotubes remains a major challenge.It is very necessary to review the advanced development of one-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide nanotubes from preparation to application.Here,we first summarize a series of bottom-up synthesis methods of 1D TMDs,such as template growth and metal catalyzed method.Then,top-down synthesis methods are summarized,which included selfcuring and stacking of TMDs nanosheets.In addition,we discuss some key applications that utilize the properties of 1D-TMDs nanotubes in the areas of catalyst preparation,energy storage,and electronic devices.Last but not least,we prospect the preparation methods of high-quality 1D-TMDs nanotubes,which will lay a foundation for the synthesis of high-performance optoelectronic devices,catalysts,and energy storage components.展开更多
Growing regulatory demands for industrial safety and environmental protection in the chemical sector necessitate robust operational risk assessment to enhance management efficacy.Here,the HS Chemical Company is evalua...Growing regulatory demands for industrial safety and environmental protection in the chemical sector necessitate robust operational risk assessment to enhance management efficacy.Here,the HS Chemical Company is evaluated through a multidimensional framework encompassing market dynamics,macroeconomic factors,financial stability,governance,supply chains,and production safety.By integrating the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)with entropy weighting,a hybrid weighting model that mitigates the limitations of singular methods is established.The analysis of this study identifies financial risk(weight:0.347)and production safety(weight:0.298)as dominant risk drivers.These quantitative insights offer a basis for resource prioritization and targeted risk mitigation strategies in chemical enterprises.展开更多
We present a gain adaptive tuning method for fiber Raman amplifier(FRA) using two-stage neural networks(NNs) and double weights updates. After training the connection weights of two-stage NNs separately in training ph...We present a gain adaptive tuning method for fiber Raman amplifier(FRA) using two-stage neural networks(NNs) and double weights updates. After training the connection weights of two-stage NNs separately in training phase, the connection weights of the unified NN are updated again in verification phase according to error between the predicted and target gains to eliminate the inherent error of the NNs. The simulation results show that the mean of root mean square error(RMSE) and maximum error of gains are 0.131 d B and 0.281 d B, respectively. It shows that the method can realize adaptive adjustment function of FRA gain with high accuracy.展开更多
Using data from the 2022 China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),this study selects 11,375 dual-spouse households as the research sample and constructs a comprehensive housework division index via the entropy weight method.T...Using data from the 2022 China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),this study selects 11,375 dual-spouse households as the research sample and constructs a comprehensive housework division index via the entropy weight method.The index integrates four dimensions:participation subject,time allocation,content type,and fairness perception,aiming to explore the fairness level of housework division and group differences in Chinese households.The results show that the overall fairness of housework division in Chinese households is relatively low:the mean value of the index(after 10,000-fold linear expansion)is 0.0632,showing a significant right-skewed distribution,with most households concentrated in the"low-fairness"range and only a few achieving relatively balanced division.Significant group differences exist:rural households have a slightly higher housework division index(0.0659)than urban households(0.0608);male respondents have a higher index(0.0660)than female respondents(0.0603);and the high-education group has a significantly lower index(0.0501)than the low-education group(0.0653).The fairness of housework division is jointly influenced by structural factors and perceptual factors,with an obvious"concept-action gap":74.02%of respondents perceive housework division as"fair",but the low index level indicates this perception mostly stems from normative adaptation rather than objective balance.This study provides empirical evidence for optimizing family labor allocation and promoting gender equality.展开更多
Red-green-blue(RGB)beam combiners are widely used in scenarios such as augmented reality/virtual reality(AR/VR),laser projection,biochemical detection,and other fields.Optical waveguide combiners have attracted extens...Red-green-blue(RGB)beam combiners are widely used in scenarios such as augmented reality/virtual reality(AR/VR),laser projection,biochemical detection,and other fields.Optical waveguide combiners have attracted extensive attention due to their advantages of small size,high multiplexing efficiency,convenient mass production,and low cost.An RGB beam combiner based on directional couplers is designed,with a core-cladding relative refractive index difference of 0.75%.The RGB beam combiner is optimized from the perspective of parameter optimization.Using the beam propagation method(BPM),the relationship between the performance of the RGB beam combiner and individual parameters is studied,achieving preliminary optimization of the device’s performance.The key parameters of the RGB beam combiner are optimized using the entropy weight-technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution TOPSIS method,establishing the optimal parameter scheme and further improving the device’s performance indicators.The results show that after optimization,the multiplexing efficiencies for red,green,and blue lights,as well as the average multiplexing efficiency,reached 99.17%,99.76%,96.63%and 98.52%,respectively.The size of the RGB beam combiner is 4.768 mm×0.062 mm.展开更多
We study the thermodynamic properties of the classical one-dimensional generalized nonlinear Klein-Gordon lattice model(n≥2)by using the cluster variation method with linear response theory.The results of this method...We study the thermodynamic properties of the classical one-dimensional generalized nonlinear Klein-Gordon lattice model(n≥2)by using the cluster variation method with linear response theory.The results of this method are exact in the thermodynamic limit.We present the single-site reduced densityρ^((1))(z),averages such as(z^(2)),<|z^(n)|>,and<(z_(1)-z_(2))^(2)>,the specific heat C_(v),and the static correlation functions.We analyze the scaling behavior of these quantities and obtain the exact scaling powers at the low and high temperatures.Using these results,we gauge the accuracy of the projective truncation approximation for theφ^(4)lattice model.展开更多
In this paper, on the basis of the heat conduction equation without consideration of the advection and turbulence effects, one-dimensional model for describing surface sea temperature ( T1), bottom sea temperature ( T...In this paper, on the basis of the heat conduction equation without consideration of the advection and turbulence effects, one-dimensional model for describing surface sea temperature ( T1), bottom sea temperature ( Tt ) and the thickness of the upper homogeneous layer ( h ) is developed in terms of the dimensionless temperature θT and depth η and self-simulation function θT - f(η) of vertical temperature profile by means of historical temperature data.The results of trial prediction with our one-dimensional model on T, Th, h , the thickness and gradient of thermocline are satisfactory to some extent.展开更多
This paper takes the evaluation of overall economic benefit by an example and proposes a simple additive weighting method for time-series multiindices decision making. The method can automatically determine the weight...This paper takes the evaluation of overall economic benefit by an example and proposes a simple additive weighting method for time-series multiindices decision making. The method can automatically determine the weight coefficients among the multiindices and the years respectively and it also can obtain the objective evaluation results and conclusions.展开更多
Agriculture is the foundation of national economy,and agricultural development is related to the rapid development of long-term stability of the society and economy. Agriculture includes farming,forestry,animal husban...Agriculture is the foundation of national economy,and agricultural development is related to the rapid development of long-term stability of the society and economy. Agriculture includes farming,forestry,animal husbandry,and fisheries. Agricultural listed company as an agricultural enterprise " leader",which directly affects the development of the entire growth of the agricultural industry development and policy,so the study of agricultural listed company's growth is particularly important. This paper uses AHP weighting method to evaluate 2012 financial data on the growth of agricultural listed companies.展开更多
In this paper,numerical experiments are carried out to investigate the impact of penalty parameters in the numerical traces on the resonance errors of high-order multiscale discontinuous Galerkin(DG)methods(Dong et al...In this paper,numerical experiments are carried out to investigate the impact of penalty parameters in the numerical traces on the resonance errors of high-order multiscale discontinuous Galerkin(DG)methods(Dong et al.in J Sci Comput 66:321–345,2016;Dong and Wang in J Comput Appl Math 380:1–11,2020)for a one-dimensional stationary Schrödinger equation.Previous work showed that penalty parameters were required to be positive in error analysis,but the methods with zero penalty parameters worked fine in numerical simulations on coarse meshes.In this work,by performing extensive numerical experiments,we discover that zero penalty parameters lead to resonance errors in the multiscale DG methods,and taking positive penalty parameters can effectively reduce resonance errors and make the matrix in the global linear system have better condition numbers.展开更多
An efficient conformal locally one-dimensional finite-difference time-domain（LOD-CFDTD） method is presented for solving two-dimensional（2D） electromagnetic（EM） scattering problems. The formulation for the 2D tra...An efficient conformal locally one-dimensional finite-difference time-domain（LOD-CFDTD） method is presented for solving two-dimensional（2D） electromagnetic（EM） scattering problems. The formulation for the 2D transverse-electric（TE） case is presented and its stability property and numerical dispersion relationship are theoretically investigated. It is shown that the introduction of irregular grids will not damage the numerical stability. Instead of the staircasing approximation, the conformal scheme is only employed to model the curve boundaries, whereas the standard Yee grids are used for the remaining regions. As the irregular grids account for a very small percentage of the total space grids, the conformal scheme has little effect on the numerical dispersion. Moreover, the proposed method, which requires fewer arithmetic operations than the alternating-direction-implicit（ADI） CFDTD method, leads to a further reduction of the CPU time. With the total-field/scattered-field（TF/SF） boundary and the perfectly matched layer（PML）, the radar cross section（RCS） of two2 D structures is calculated. The numerical examples verify the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072352)。
文摘In order to improve the quality of 3D printed raspberry preserves after post-processing,microwave ovens combining infrared and microwave methods were utilized.The effects of infrared heating temperature,infrared heating time,microwave power,microwave heating time on the center temperature,moisture content,the chroma(C*),the total color difference(ΔE*),shape fidelity,hardness,and the total anthocyanin content of 3D printed raspberry preserves were analyzed by response surface method(RSM).The results showed that under combining with the two methods,infrared heating improved the fidelity and quality degradation of printed products,while microwave heating enhanced the efficiency of infrared heating.Infrared-microwave combination cooking could maintain relatively stable color appearance and shape of 3D printed raspberry preserves.The AHP–CRITIC hybrid weighting method combined with the response surface test to determine the comprehensive weights of the evaluation indicators optimized the process parameters,and the optimal process parameters were obtained:infrared heating temperature of 190℃,infrared heating time of 10 min and 30 s,microwave power of 300 W,and microwave heating time of 2 min and 6 s.The 3D printed raspberry cooking methods obtained under the optimal conditions seldom had color variation,porous structure,uniform texture,and high shape fidelity,which retained the characteristics of personalized manufacturing by 3D printing.This study could provide a reference for the postprocessing and quality control of 3D cooking methods.
基金The National Key Technology R&D Program of China during the 11th Five-Year Plan Period(No.2006BAH02A06)
文摘First,the analytical hierarchy process(AHP),which stands for the subjective weighting method,and the entropy method,which stands for the objective weighting method,are chosen to calculate the index weights of the contract risks of third party logistics(TPL),respectively.Then,they can determine the combination weights using the combination weighting method.Second,using the combination weights,the contract risks of TPL are evaluated through the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method.According to the combination weights,the most important risk factor of the contract risks of TPL is choosing sub-contractors.The results are basically consistent with the facts and show that the weights determined by the combination weighting method can avoid the man-made deviations of the subjective weighting method on the one hand,and prevent results opposite to the reality brought about by the objective weighting method on the other hand.Meanwhile,the results of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation are that the contract risks of TPL are at a high risk level.Roughly this matches real situations,and it indicates that the combination weighting method can generate the comprehensive assessment more scientifically and more reasonably as well.
文摘This study investigated the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,volatile flavor components,microbial communities,and sensory evaluation of high-temperature Daqu(HTD)during the maturation process,and a standard system was established for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD.There were obvious changes in the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,and volatile flavor components at different storage periods,which affected the sensory evaluation of HTD to a certain extent.The results of high-throughput sequencing revealed significant microbial diversity,and showed that the bacterial community changed significantly more than did the fungal community.During the storage process,the dominant bacterial genera were Kroppenstedtia and Thermoascus.The correlation between dominant microorganisms and quality indicators highlighted their role in HTD quality.Lactococcus,Candida,Pichia,Paecilomyces,and protease activity played a crucial role in the formation of isovaleraldehyde.Acidic protease activity had the greatest impact on the microbial community.Moisture promoted isobutyric acid generation.Furthermore,the comprehensive quality evaluation standard system was established by the entropy weight method combined with multi-factor fuzzy mathematics.Consequently,this study provides innovative insights for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD during storage and establishes a groundwork for scientific and rational storage of HTD and quality control of sauce-flavor Baijiu.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of the Fujian Province(2021J01109).
文摘The accurate identification of the oil-paper insulation state of a transformer is crucial for most maintenance strategies.This paper presents a multi-feature comprehensive evaluation model based on combination weighting and an improved technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS)method to perform an objective and scientific evaluation of the transformer oil-paper insulation state.Firstly,multiple aging features are extracted from the recovery voltage polarization spectrum and the extended Debye equivalent circuit owing to the limitations of using a single feature for evaluation.A standard evaluation index system is then established by using the collected time-domain dielectric spectrum data.Secondly,this study implements the per-unit value concept to integrate the dimension of the index matrix and calculates the objective weight by using the random forest algorithm.Furthermore,it combines the weighting model to overcome the drawbacks of the single weighting method by using the indicators and considering the subjective experience of experts and the random forest algorithm.Lastly,the enhanced TOPSIS approach is used to determine the insulation quality of an oil-paper transformer.A verification example demonstrates that the evaluation model developed in this study can efficiently and accurately diagnose the insulation status of transformers.Essentially,this study presents a novel approach for the assessment of transformer oil-paper insulation.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Foundation of SGCC Research and development of key models for decision support of energy internet companies(NO.SGSDJY00GPJS1900057).
文摘In this study,to develop a benefit-allocation model,in-depth analysis of a distributed photovoltaic-powergeneration carport and energy-storage charging-pile project was performed;the model was developed using Shapley integrated-empowerment benefit-distribution method.First,through literature survey and expert interview to identify the risk factors at various stages of the project,a dynamic risk-factor indicator system is developed.Second,to obtain a more meaningful risk-calculation result,the subjective and objective weights are combined,the weights of the risk factors at each stage are determined by the expert scoring method and entropy weight method,and the interest distribution model based on multi-dimensional risk factors is established.Finally,an example is used to verify the rationality of the method for the benefit distribution of the charging-pile project.The results of the example indicate that the limitations of the Shapley method can be reasonably avoided,and the applicability of the model for the benefit distribution of the charging-pile project is verified.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project during the 13th Five-Year Plan under grant(2016ZX05060-019)the National Science and Technology Major Project during the 13th Five-Year Plan under grant(2016ZX05060004).
文摘Existing“evaluation indicators”are selected and combined to build a model to support the optimization of shale gas horizontal wells.Towards this end,different“weighting methods”,including AHP and the so-called entropy method,are combined in the frame of the game theory.Using a relevant test case for the implementation of the model,it is shown that the horizontal section of the considered well is in the middle sweet spot area with good physical properties and fracturing ability.In comparison with the FSI(flow scanner Image)gas production profile,the new model seems to display better abilities for the optimization of horizontal wells.
基金National Natural Science Foundations of China(Nos.41172236,41402243)
文摘Different criteria and factors are used in different methods of soft soil foundation settlement calculation and engineering geological zoning.The methods used are not universally suitable for complex geological environments.The post-construction settlement of soft soil foundations are especially large and difficult to calculate.In addition,there are many deficiencies in the current methods used for engineering geological zoning.Focusing on the need of establishing engineering geological zoning for areas with soft soil foundations in the Tianjin Marine Economic Area,combination weighting and extension methods were introduced.An evaluation model for the settlement of soft soil foundations was established using multiple factors and large amounts of data.This evaluation model is accurate and objective for delineating engineering geological zoning.These methods eliminate deficiencies by considering both objective and subjective factors,and help obtain an objective and accurate result.
基金the National Natural Science Founda-tion of China(Nos.41602283 and 41977216)the Science and Technology Rising-Star Program of Shang-hai(No.19QC1400800)。
文摘Metros are critical infrastructure in big cities and evaluation of their safe operation is of increasing im-portance.To make a reasonable safety evaluation for the metro during operation,this paper establishes a rational safety evaluation model based on long-term monitoring data of Shanghai Metro Line 2.Four evaluation indicators,ie.,absolute settlement,relative curvature,deformation rate and curvature radius,are adopted.Analytic hierar-chy process(AHP)and entropy method are combined to determine the weights of the indicators.The risk level values at different mileage are calculated and five danger levels are defined accordingly to determine the safety state of Shanghai Metro Line 2,ie.,safe,relatively safe,critical,relatively dangerous,and dangerous.Safety evaluation of Shanghai Metro Line 2 shows that:83.81%areas of Shanghai Metro Line 2 are in safe,relatively safe and critical states,while 15.63%and 0.57%areas are in relatively dangerous and dangerous states,respectively;the parts of Shanghai Metro Line 2 where the risk level values exceed the critical value are mainly distributed around the mileage at 6.0-7.5km and 8.5-11.0 km,and the risk level value peaks around the mileage at 7.3km,to which much attention should be attached and relevant protective measures be taken;the sections with the high risk level values coincide with the distinctly deforming arcas of the metro,indicating that this evaluation method is valid.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42377354)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei province(2024AFB951)the Chunhui Plan Cooperation Research Project of the Chinese Ministry of Education(202200199).
文摘Soil erosion has been recognized as a critical environmental issue worldwide.While previous studies have primarily focused on watershed-scale soil erosion vulnerability from a natural factor perspective,there is a notable gap in understanding the intricate interplay between natural and socio-economic factors,especially in the context of spatial heterogeneity and nonlinear impacts of human-land interactions.To address this,our study evaluates the soil erosion vulnerability at a provincial scale,taking Hubei Province as a case study to explore the combined effects of natural and socio-economic factors.We developed an evaluation index system based on 15 indicators of soil erosion vulnerability:exposure,sensitivity,and adaptability.In addition,the combination weighting method was applied to determine index weights,and the spatial interaction was analyzed using spatial autocorrelation,geographical temporally weighted regression and geographical detector.The results showed an overall decreasing soil erosion intensity in Hubei Province during 2000 and 2020.The soil erosion vulnerability increased before 2000 and then.The areas with high soil erosion vulnerability were mainly confined in the central and southern regions of Hubei Province(Xiantao,Tianmen,Qianjiang and Ezhou)with obvious spatial aggregation that intensified over time.Natural factors(habitat quality index)had negative impacts on soil erosion vulnerability,whereas socio-economic factors(population density)showed substantial spatial variability in their influences.There was a positive correlation between soil erosion vulnerability and erosion intensity,with the correlation coefficients ranging from-0.41 and 0.93.The increase of slope was found to enhance the positive correlation between soil erosion vulnerability and intensity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22202065).
文摘Two-dimensional(2D)transition metal sulfides(TMDs)are emerging and highly well received 2D materials,which are considered as an ideal 2D platform for studying various electronic properties and potential applications due to their chemical diversity.Converting 2D TMDs into one-dimensional(1D)TMDs nanotubes can not only retain some advantages of 2D nanosheets but also providing a unique direction to explore the novel properties of TMDs materials in the 1D limit.However,the controllable preparation of high-quality nanotubes remains a major challenge.It is very necessary to review the advanced development of one-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide nanotubes from preparation to application.Here,we first summarize a series of bottom-up synthesis methods of 1D TMDs,such as template growth and metal catalyzed method.Then,top-down synthesis methods are summarized,which included selfcuring and stacking of TMDs nanosheets.In addition,we discuss some key applications that utilize the properties of 1D-TMDs nanotubes in the areas of catalyst preparation,energy storage,and electronic devices.Last but not least,we prospect the preparation methods of high-quality 1D-TMDs nanotubes,which will lay a foundation for the synthesis of high-performance optoelectronic devices,catalysts,and energy storage components.
文摘Growing regulatory demands for industrial safety and environmental protection in the chemical sector necessitate robust operational risk assessment to enhance management efficacy.Here,the HS Chemical Company is evaluated through a multidimensional framework encompassing market dynamics,macroeconomic factors,financial stability,governance,supply chains,and production safety.By integrating the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)with entropy weighting,a hybrid weighting model that mitigates the limitations of singular methods is established.The analysis of this study identifies financial risk(weight:0.347)and production safety(weight:0.298)as dominant risk drivers.These quantitative insights offer a basis for resource prioritization and targeted risk mitigation strategies in chemical enterprises.
基金supported by the Natural Science Research Project of Colleges and Universities in Anhui Province (No.KJ2021A0479)the Science Research Program of Anhui University of Finance and Economics (No.ACKYC22082)。
文摘We present a gain adaptive tuning method for fiber Raman amplifier(FRA) using two-stage neural networks(NNs) and double weights updates. After training the connection weights of two-stage NNs separately in training phase, the connection weights of the unified NN are updated again in verification phase according to error between the predicted and target gains to eliminate the inherent error of the NNs. The simulation results show that the mean of root mean square error(RMSE) and maximum error of gains are 0.131 d B and 0.281 d B, respectively. It shows that the method can realize adaptive adjustment function of FRA gain with high accuracy.
文摘Using data from the 2022 China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),this study selects 11,375 dual-spouse households as the research sample and constructs a comprehensive housework division index via the entropy weight method.The index integrates four dimensions:participation subject,time allocation,content type,and fairness perception,aiming to explore the fairness level of housework division and group differences in Chinese households.The results show that the overall fairness of housework division in Chinese households is relatively low:the mean value of the index(after 10,000-fold linear expansion)is 0.0632,showing a significant right-skewed distribution,with most households concentrated in the"low-fairness"range and only a few achieving relatively balanced division.Significant group differences exist:rural households have a slightly higher housework division index(0.0659)than urban households(0.0608);male respondents have a higher index(0.0660)than female respondents(0.0603);and the high-education group has a significantly lower index(0.0501)than the low-education group(0.0653).The fairness of housework division is jointly influenced by structural factors and perceptual factors,with an obvious"concept-action gap":74.02%of respondents perceive housework division as"fair",but the low index level indicates this perception mostly stems from normative adaptation rather than objective balance.This study provides empirical evidence for optimizing family labor allocation and promoting gender equality.
基金Project(52175445)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2022JJ30743)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China+1 种基金Project(2023GK2024)supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province,ChinaProject(2023ZZTS0391)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China。
文摘Red-green-blue(RGB)beam combiners are widely used in scenarios such as augmented reality/virtual reality(AR/VR),laser projection,biochemical detection,and other fields.Optical waveguide combiners have attracted extensive attention due to their advantages of small size,high multiplexing efficiency,convenient mass production,and low cost.An RGB beam combiner based on directional couplers is designed,with a core-cladding relative refractive index difference of 0.75%.The RGB beam combiner is optimized from the perspective of parameter optimization.Using the beam propagation method(BPM),the relationship between the performance of the RGB beam combiner and individual parameters is studied,achieving preliminary optimization of the device’s performance.The key parameters of the RGB beam combiner are optimized using the entropy weight-technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution TOPSIS method,establishing the optimal parameter scheme and further improving the device’s performance indicators.The results show that after optimization,the multiplexing efficiencies for red,green,and blue lights,as well as the average multiplexing efficiency,reached 99.17%,99.76%,96.63%and 98.52%,respectively.The size of the RGB beam combiner is 4.768 mm×0.062 mm.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11974420).
文摘We study the thermodynamic properties of the classical one-dimensional generalized nonlinear Klein-Gordon lattice model(n≥2)by using the cluster variation method with linear response theory.The results of this method are exact in the thermodynamic limit.We present the single-site reduced densityρ^((1))(z),averages such as(z^(2)),<|z^(n)|>,and<(z_(1)-z_(2))^(2)>,the specific heat C_(v),and the static correlation functions.We analyze the scaling behavior of these quantities and obtain the exact scaling powers at the low and high temperatures.Using these results,we gauge the accuracy of the projective truncation approximation for theφ^(4)lattice model.
文摘In this paper, on the basis of the heat conduction equation without consideration of the advection and turbulence effects, one-dimensional model for describing surface sea temperature ( T1), bottom sea temperature ( Tt ) and the thickness of the upper homogeneous layer ( h ) is developed in terms of the dimensionless temperature θT and depth η and self-simulation function θT - f(η) of vertical temperature profile by means of historical temperature data.The results of trial prediction with our one-dimensional model on T, Th, h , the thickness and gradient of thermocline are satisfactory to some extent.
文摘This paper takes the evaluation of overall economic benefit by an example and proposes a simple additive weighting method for time-series multiindices decision making. The method can automatically determine the weight coefficients among the multiindices and the years respectively and it also can obtain the objective evaluation results and conclusions.
基金Supported by Research Center for Sustainable Development in Three Gorges Reservoir Area Open Fund Project(2014-sxxyjd-05)Youth Research Project of Chongqing Three Gorges University(11QN-07)Innovation Planning Project for University Students in Chongqing Three Gorges University(2014-56)
文摘Agriculture is the foundation of national economy,and agricultural development is related to the rapid development of long-term stability of the society and economy. Agriculture includes farming,forestry,animal husbandry,and fisheries. Agricultural listed company as an agricultural enterprise " leader",which directly affects the development of the entire growth of the agricultural industry development and policy,so the study of agricultural listed company's growth is particularly important. This paper uses AHP weighting method to evaluate 2012 financial data on the growth of agricultural listed companies.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation grant DMS-1818998.
文摘In this paper,numerical experiments are carried out to investigate the impact of penalty parameters in the numerical traces on the resonance errors of high-order multiscale discontinuous Galerkin(DG)methods(Dong et al.in J Sci Comput 66:321–345,2016;Dong and Wang in J Comput Appl Math 380:1–11,2020)for a one-dimensional stationary Schrödinger equation.Previous work showed that penalty parameters were required to be positive in error analysis,but the methods with zero penalty parameters worked fine in numerical simulations on coarse meshes.In this work,by performing extensive numerical experiments,we discover that zero penalty parameters lead to resonance errors in the multiscale DG methods,and taking positive penalty parameters can effectively reduce resonance errors and make the matrix in the global linear system have better condition numbers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61331007 and 61471105)
文摘An efficient conformal locally one-dimensional finite-difference time-domain（LOD-CFDTD） method is presented for solving two-dimensional（2D） electromagnetic（EM） scattering problems. The formulation for the 2D transverse-electric（TE） case is presented and its stability property and numerical dispersion relationship are theoretically investigated. It is shown that the introduction of irregular grids will not damage the numerical stability. Instead of the staircasing approximation, the conformal scheme is only employed to model the curve boundaries, whereas the standard Yee grids are used for the remaining regions. As the irregular grids account for a very small percentage of the total space grids, the conformal scheme has little effect on the numerical dispersion. Moreover, the proposed method, which requires fewer arithmetic operations than the alternating-direction-implicit（ADI） CFDTD method, leads to a further reduction of the CPU time. With the total-field/scattered-field（TF/SF） boundary and the perfectly matched layer（PML）, the radar cross section（RCS） of two2 D structures is calculated. The numerical examples verify the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.
