Nanocrystals have emerged as cutting-edge functional materials benefiting from the increased surface and enhanced coupling of electronic states.High-resolution imaging in transmission electron microscope can provide i...Nanocrystals have emerged as cutting-edge functional materials benefiting from the increased surface and enhanced coupling of electronic states.High-resolution imaging in transmission electron microscope can provide invaluable structural information of crystalline materials,albeit it remains greatly challenging to nanocrystals due to the arduousness of accurate zone axis adjustment.Herein,a homemade software package,called SmartAxis,is developed for rapid yet accurate zone axis alignment of nanocrystals.Incident electron beam tilt is employed as an eccentric goniometer to measure the angular deviation of a crystal to a zone axis,and then serves as a linkage to calculate theαandβtilts of goniometer based on an accurate quantitative relationship.In this way,high-resolution imaging of one identical small Au nanocrystal,as well as electron beam-sensitive MIL-101 metal-organic framework crystals,along multiple zone axes,was performed successfully by using this accurate,time-and electron dose-saving zone axis alignment software package.展开更多
The global aging crisis has increased the prevalence of skeletal disorders,necessitating innovative therapeutic strategies.This review employs the brain-bone axis(BBA)framework to examine the role of the sympathetic n...The global aging crisis has increased the prevalence of skeletal disorders,necessitating innovative therapeutic strategies.This review employs the brain-bone axis(BBA)framework to examine the role of the sympathetic nervous system(SNS)in bone metabolism.The research systematically elucidates the molecular mechanisms by which the SNS mediates signaling pathways through neurofibers and neurotransmitters,such as norepinephrine,dopamine,neuropeptide Y,and leptin,regulating interactions between bone-related cells to maintain skeletal homeostasis.It also identifies the pathological associations between the dysregulation of these pathways and the progression of bone-related conditions,such as osteoporosis,osteoarthritis,and intervertebral disc degeneration.By integrating current evidence,we identify novel therapeutic targets within the BBA and propose neuro-centric intervention strategies to mitigate skeletal diseases.This review deepens the understanding of neuro-skeletal interactions and lays a foundation for innovative treatments for bone-related pathologies.展开更多
Based on research into bionic butterflies for environmental detection and ecological management,a scheme was proposed to develop and manufacture a bionic aircraft with two wings inspired by specific butterfly species....Based on research into bionic butterflies for environmental detection and ecological management,a scheme was proposed to develop and manufacture a bionic aircraft with two wings inspired by specific butterfly species.A flapping-wing aircraft with a simple structure was designed,and its two-wing design was optimized.The research focused on several key areas:the design and optimization of the wings,the development of the transmission mechanism,hardware design and fabrication,and 3D printing for component manufacturing.This resulted in the bionic replication of the wing shape and structure of the Tiger Papilio butterfly.The final bionic butterfly features a wingspan of 29.5 cm and a total weight of 13.8 g.This project integrates mechatronic principles and provides a valuable reference for advancements in the field of bionic butterflies.Future research could explore the aerodynamic characteristics of wings and innovative design approaches in greater depth.展开更多
The brain serves as the core component of the central nervous system and plays a pivotal role in regulating the functions of various essential organs throughout the body.The skeletal system serves as the fundamental s...The brain serves as the core component of the central nervous system and plays a pivotal role in regulating the functions of various essential organs throughout the body.The skeletal system serves as the fundamental supportive and protective framework of the human body and is extensively innervated by nerves.Currently,a large body of epidemiological and experimental evidence confirms the close interplay between bones and the brain,but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.This review is anchored on the concept of the brain-bone axis,aiming to gain a deeper understanding of the physiological and pathological interactions between these two organs.A comprehensive analysis of the potential foundations and mechanisms underlying the intricate association between the brain and the skeleton is offered.In summary,the brain can influence skeletal homeostasis through modulation of the neuromolecules,extracellular vesicles,and brain-marrow neural circuit;conversely,the skeleton can influence the brain in its development,function,and pathology by physical exercise,massage therapy,and skeletal trauma.Simultaneously,the strategies for the treatment of skeletal and neurological disorders were organized,in which Traditional Chinese Medicine appears to offer new perspectives for the prevention and disease management,ultimately aiming to furnish patients with more effective therapeutic methods.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To explore the correlation between acupuncture treatment for allergic rhinitis(AR) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA) axis regulation by investigating changes in serum immune factors,HPA axis-associated...OBJECTIVE:To explore the correlation between acupuncture treatment for allergic rhinitis(AR) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA) axis regulation by investigating changes in serum immune factors,HPA axis-associated hormone levels,activation levels of paraventricular nucleus(PVN) neurons,and the severity of nasal mucosal lesions,in rats with AR before and after acupuncture treatment.METHODS:After establishing the AR rat model,ovalbumin was administered via nasal drip to all groups except the blank control.Each group received continuous treatment for 14 d:the acupuncture,acupuncture + RU-486(mifepristone),and RU-486 groups received acupuncture only,RU486 intraperitoneal injection and acupuncture,and RU-486 intraperitoneal injection only,respectively.Following the intervention period,behavioral scoring was performed on all AR rats,and peripheral blood,nasal mucosa samples,and brains tissue(containing PVN region) were obtained following euthanization.Interleukin(IL-4,IL-5,IL-13),interferon gamma(IFN-γ),corticosterone(CORT),and corticotrophin-releasing hormone(CRH) levels were evaluated in peripheral blood samples.Adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH) levels were determined using an enzyme-linked immunoassay assay,and hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed on the nasal mucosa samples.The expression levels of c-Fos in PVN neurons following acupuncture treatment were evaluated by immunofluorescent staining.RESULTS:Following the intervention period,the behavioral scores for the blank control group were lower than those of other groups(P < 0.05),while the acupuncture group scores were lower than those in the model control,acupuncture + RU486,and RU486 groups(P < 0.05).The blank control group had lower serum IL-4,IL-5,and IL-13 levels than those in the other groups(P < 0.05).The acupuncture group had lower serum IL-4,IL-5,and IL-13 levels than those in the model control,acupuncture + RU486,and RU486 groups(P < 0.05).The blank control group had the highest serum IFN-γ levels among all groups,followed by the acupuncture group.The serum CORT,CRH,and ACTH levels in the blank control group were lower than those in the remaining groups(P < 0.05).These biomarker levels were also lower in the acupuncture group than those in the model control,acupuncture + RU486,and RU486 groups(P < 0.05).Compared with model,rats in the acupuncture group exhibited an increased c-Fos expression in PVN neurons.CONCLUSION:Acupuncture can alleviate AR symptoms and regulate serum inflammatory factor levels and HPA axis-related hormones in AR rats.Moreover,these effects are inhibited by glucocorticoid antagonists,suggesting that acupuncture may regulate AR symptoms through HPA axis regulation.展开更多
Modeling the dynamics of flapping wing aerial vehicle is challenging due to the complexity of aerodynamic effects and mechanical structures.The aim of this work is to develop an accurate dynamics model of flapping win...Modeling the dynamics of flapping wing aerial vehicle is challenging due to the complexity of aerodynamic effects and mechanical structures.The aim of this work is to develop an accurate dynamics model of flapping wing aerial vehicle based on real flight data.We propose a modeling framework that combines rigid body dynamics with a neural network to predict aerodynamic effects.By incorporating the concept of flapping phase,we significantly enhance the network’s ability to analyze transient aerodynamic behavior.We design and utilize a phase-functioned neural network structure for aerodynamic predictions and train the network using real flight data.Evaluation results show that the network can predict aerodynamic effects and demonstrate clear physical significance.We verify that the framework can be used for dynamic propagation and is expected to be utilized for building simulators for flapping wing aerial vehicles.展开更多
Intracerebral hemorrhage is the most dangerous subtype of stroke,characterized by high mortality and morbidity rates,and frequently leads to significant secondary white matter injury.In recent decades,studies have rev...Intracerebral hemorrhage is the most dangerous subtype of stroke,characterized by high mortality and morbidity rates,and frequently leads to significant secondary white matter injury.In recent decades,studies have revealed that gut microbiota can communicate bidirectionally with the brain through the gut microbiota–brain axis.This axis indicates that gut microbiota is closely related to the development and prognosis of intracerebral hemorrhage and its associated secondary white matter injury.The NACHT,LRR,and pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome plays a crucial role in this context.This review summarizes the dysbiosis of gut microbiota following intracerebral hemorrhage and explores the mechanisms by which this imbalance may promote the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.These mechanisms include metabolic pathways(involving short-chain fatty acids,lipopolysaccharides,lactic acid,bile acids,trimethylamine-N-oxide,and tryptophan),neural pathways(such as the vagus nerve and sympathetic nerve),and immune pathways(involving microglia and T cells).We then discuss the relationship between the activated NLRP3 inflammasome and secondary white matter injury after intracerebral hemorrhage.The activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome can exacerbate secondary white matter injury by disrupting the blood–brain barrier,inducing neuroinflammation,and interfering with nerve regeneration.Finally,we outline potential treatment strategies for intracerebral hemorrhage and its secondary white matter injury.Our review highlights the critical role of the gut microbiota–brain axis and the NLRP3 inflammasome in white matter injury following intracerebral hemorrhage,paving the way for exploring potential therapeutic approaches.展开更多
17β-Trenbolone(17-TB)is well documented as an environmental endocrine disruptor in aquatic biological studies,but its effects on mammals remain poorly understood.Furthermore,17-TB acts as a hormone with properties si...17β-Trenbolone(17-TB)is well documented as an environmental endocrine disruptor in aquatic biological studies,but its effects on mammals remain poorly understood.Furthermore,17-TB acts as a hormone with properties similar to testosterone,and the consequences of juvenile exposure on adult social behavior remain uncertain.Bisphenol A(BPA)acts as an estrogen-like hormone,compared to 17-TB.Three-week-old male Balb/c mice were exposed orally to 17-TB(100μg/(kg·day))and BPA(4 mg/(kg·day))for 28 days.Assessments of social interactions and a three-chamber test showed that 17-TB increased virility in male mice,intensified both male and female sexual behavior,and attracted and accepted female mice.It also increased social dominance through tube tests inmalemice and markedly activated the c-Fos^(+)immune response in themedial prefrontal cortex(mPFC)and basal amygdala(BLA).ELISA data showed that 17-TB and BPA exposure significantly affected serum gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH),growth hormone(GH),estradiol(E2),and luteinizing hormone(LH)levels,as well as testicular lesions and androgen receptor(ARβ)and estrogen receptor(ERα)synthesis.Testicular transcriptomic analysis further confirmed that could disrupt steroid synthesis and linoleic acid-related biometabolic processes.These findings suggest the influence of 17-TB and BPA exposure on sexual behavior and fertility in male mice,possibly through modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.This study provides insights relevant to human reproductive health and neuro-social behavioral research,and the potential risk of environmental disturbances should not be overlooked.展开更多
Background:Immunosuppression compromises the host’s ability to combat pathogens,thereby increasing susceptibility to multisystem disorders.However,safe and effective curative treatments for this condition are current...Background:Immunosuppression compromises the host’s ability to combat pathogens,thereby increasing susceptibility to multisystem disorders.However,safe and effective curative treatments for this condition are currently lacking.Modulating the gut microbiota and their metabolites represents a promising therapeutic strategy.Notably,the Chinese herbal compound Yunzhi Guben Gao(YZG)has demonstrated multi-target immunomodulatory potential.Methods:A mouse model of dexamethasone-induced immunosuppression was employed to evaluate the effects of YZG.Immune organ indices(thymus,spleen),serum cytokine levels(IL-2,TNF-α),mucosal immunity markers(pulmonary/colonic SIgA),gut microbiota structure,and short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)abundance were evaluated.Key microbial genera and metabolites were identified via Spearman correlation analysis.Pseudo-germ-free model mice established via quadruple antibiotic treatment combined with isovaleric acid intervention were employed to evaluate whether YZG efficacy depends on the intestinal microbiota and its metabolites,and whether its intrinsic mechanisms involve the promotion of isovaleric acid production.Results:YZG intervention ameliorated systemic and mucosal immune function in immunosuppressed mice.Mechanistically,YZG remodeled gut microbiota structure and significantly increased SCFAs levels.Notably,the abundance of the genus Ligilactobacillus exhibited the strongest positive correlation with isovaleric acid levels.Ligilactobacillus abundance was also positively correlated with immune-enhancing parameters and negatively correlated with the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α,suggesting that Ligilactobacillus plays a pivotal role in the YZG regulatory network.Experiments using pseudo-germ-free mice and isovaleric acid intervention further demonstrated that the immunoprotective effects of YZG are closely related to intestinal microbiota remodeling and increased isovaleric acid production.Conclusion:YZG alleviates immunosuppression through multiple mechanisms,primarily involving the enrichment of the probiotic genus Ligilactobacillus and the consequent increase in isovaleric acid production.This process coordinately modulates mucosal immunity,cytokine networks,and immune organ function.The elucidation of this“microbiota-metabolite-immunity”axis provides both a pharmacological basis for the clinical application of YZG and novel immune-restorative strategies targeting gut microecological regulation.展开更多
The core components of an aircraft and the source of its lift are its wings,but lift generation is disrupted by the high temperature and pressure generated on the wing surface when an aircraft gun is fired.Here,to inv...The core components of an aircraft and the source of its lift are its wings,but lift generation is disrupted by the high temperature and pressure generated on the wing surface when an aircraft gun is fired.Here,to investigate how this process influences the aerodynamic parameters of aircraft wings,the k-ωshearstress-transport turbulence model and the nested dynamic grid technique are used to analyze numerically the transient process of the muzzle jet of a 30-mm small-caliber aircraft gun in highaltitude(10 km)flight with an incoming Mach number of Ma=0.8.For comparison,two other models are established,one with no projectile and the other with no wing.The results indicate that when the aircraft gun is fired,the muzzle jet acts on the wing,creating a pressure field thereon.The uneven distribution of high pressure greatly reduces the lift of the aircraft,causing oscillations in its drag and disrupting its dynamic balance,thereby affecting its flight speed and attitude.Meanwhile,the muzzle jet is obstructed by the wing,and its flow field is distorted and deformed,developing upward toward the wing.Because of the influence of the incoming flow,the shockwave front of the projectile changes from a smooth spherical shape to an irregular one,and the motion parameters of the projectile are also greatly affected by oscillations.The present results provide an important theoretical basis for how the guns of fighter aircraft influence the aerodynamic performance of the wings.展开更多
BACKGROUND Post-stroke depression(PSD)is associated with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis dysfunction and neurotransmitter deficits.Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors(SSRIs)are commonly used,but their effi...BACKGROUND Post-stroke depression(PSD)is associated with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis dysfunction and neurotransmitter deficits.Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors(SSRIs)are commonly used,but their efficacy is limited.This study investigated whether combining SSRIs with traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)Free San could enhance their therapeutic effects.AIM To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of combining SSRIs with Free San in treating PSD,and to assess its impact on HPA axis function.METHODS Ninety-two patients with PSD were enrolled and randomly divided into control groups(n=46)and study groups(n=46).The control group received the SSRI paroxetine alone,whereas the study group received paroxetine combined with Free San for 4 weeks.Hamilton Depression Scale and TCM syndrome scores were assessed before and after treatment.Serum serotonin,norepinephrine,cortisol,cor-ticotropin-releasing hormone,and adrenocorticotropic hormone were measured.The treatment responses and adverse reactions were recorded.RESULTS After treatment,the Hamilton Depression Scale and TCM syndrome scores were significantly lower in the study group than in the control group(P<0.05).Serum serotonin and norepinephrine levels were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group,whereas cortisol,corticotropin-releasing hormone,and adrenocorticotropic hormone levels were significantly lower(P<0.05).The total efficacy rates were 84.78%and 65.22%in the study and control groups,respectively(P<0.05).No significant differences in adverse reactions were observed between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Combining SSRIs with Free San can enhance therapeutic efficacy,improve depressive symptoms,and regulate HPA axis function in patients with PSD with good safety and clinical application value.展开更多
Background Excessive abdominal fat in broilers not only reduces feed efficiency and increases processing costs but also raises environmental concerns.This pathological overaccumulation results from complex metabolic d...Background Excessive abdominal fat in broilers not only reduces feed efficiency and increases processing costs but also raises environmental concerns.This pathological overaccumulation results from complex metabolic dysregulation across multiple organs.While current research largely centers on adipogenesis within adipose tissue,a comprehensive understanding of the cross-organ regulatory factors influencing this process remains elusive.Results Here,we employed a high-fat diet(HFD)model and multi-omics approaches to investigate cross-organ regulatory mechanisms underlying abdominal fat deposition in broilers.Our results demonstrated that HFD not only promoted fat accumulation but also altered meat quality traits.Through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing,we identified significant gut microbiota dysbiosis in HFD-fed chickens,manifested by an increased abundance of Lactobacillus and a decreased abundance of Enterococcus.However,jejunal microbiota transplantation from HFD donors did not induce abdominal fat deposition in recipient chickens.Metabolomic profiling revealed that HFD elevated the level of succinic acid,a metabolite positively correlated with Lactobacillus abundance and potentially generated by Lactobacillus.This increase in succinic acid(SA)further triggered metabolic inflammation response in both jejunal tissue and serum.In vivo validation established succinic acid as a key inflammatory mediator facilitating HFD-induced cross-organ communication between the jejunum and abdominal adipose tissue,enhancing intestinal lipid uptake and subsequent abdominal fat deposition.Bulk and single-nucleus RNA sequencing(snRNA-seq)revealed that HFD induced macrophage population expansion and intensified adipocyte-macrophage crosstalk.Adipocyte-macrophage co-culture systems further elucidated that macrophages are an indispensable factor in succinic acid-induced fat deposition.Conclusion This study delineates a succinic acid-driven"gut-fat axis"governing abdominal fat deposition in broilers,integrating gut microbiota dysbiosis and macrophage-mediated inflammatory adipogenesis.By identifying succinic acid as a cross-organ signaling molecule that enhances lipid absorption and activates macrophage-dependent adipogenesis,we establish systemic metabolic-immune crosstalk as a pivotal regulatory mechanism.These findings redefine fat deposition as a process extending beyond adipose-centric models,advancing multi-omics-guided strategies for sustainable poultry production.展开更多
BACKGROUND Chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG)is a clinically refractory gastric disease often characterized by high recurrence rates and adverse drug reactions.Anwei decoction(AWD),a traditional Chinese medicine formula,...BACKGROUND Chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG)is a clinically refractory gastric disease often characterized by high recurrence rates and adverse drug reactions.Anwei decoction(AWD),a traditional Chinese medicine formula,has been shown to significantly improve clinical symptoms in patients with CAG,as demonstrated by a multicenter cohort study(overall effective rate:82.5%,P<0.01).However,the unclear molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets of AWD limit its international acceptance.AIM To investigate the therapeutic mechanisms of AWD against CAG from an integrated perspective.METHODS In this study,N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine was used to establish a CAG rat model.Serum-derived constituents transferred from AWD were first identified using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry.The concentrations of inflammatory cytokines in serum samples were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Moreover,gastric mucosal tissues were analyzed by quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction to measure messenger RNA(mRNA)levels of the NLRP3 inflammasome.Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of NLRP3,caspase-1,and interleukin(IL)-1β.To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms underlying AWD treatment,structural alterations of the gut microbiota(GM)and associated metabolites were analyzed using integrated high-throughput sequencing(16S rRNA)and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry based untargeted metabolomics.This comprehensive approach systematically clarified AWD’s multi-target therapeutic mechanisms against CAG.RESULTS AWD notably reduced serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines,such as IL-1β,IL-18,tumor necrosis factor-α,and lipopolysaccharide,demonstrating significant statistical differences(all P<0.01).Additionally,AWD substantially inhibited NLRP3 mRNA expression in gastric mucosal tissue(P<0.01)and concurrently decreased the protein abundance of NLRP3,IL-1β,and caspase-1(all P<0.01),thereby suppressing inflammasome signaling activation.GM analysis indicated that AWD intervention significantly increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria.Associated microbial metabolites likely inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway by modulating immune cell function.Non-targeted metabolomics further indicated that AWD exerted anti-inflammatory effects by regulating critical metabolic pathways,including the Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection pathway,autophagy processes,and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor biosynthesis.CONCLUSION AWD alleviates the pathological progression of CAG through multi-target synergistic mechanisms.On one hand,AWD directly suppresses gastric mucosal inflammation by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation.On the other hand,AWD remodels intestinal microbiota-metabolite homeostasis,enhances intestinal barrier function,and regulates mucosal immune responses.展开更多
A recent study published in Cell Metabolism entitled“Gut microbial alterations in arginine metabolism determine bone mechanical adaptation”demonstrated that administration of L-arginine enhanced bone mechanical adap...A recent study published in Cell Metabolism entitled“Gut microbial alterations in arginine metabolism determine bone mechanical adaptation”demonstrated that administration of L-arginine enhanced bone mechanical adaptation by activating a nitric oxide-calcium feedback loop in osteocytes.The findings revealed that mechanical regulation of bone adaptation is associated with gut microbiota.The underlying cause of heterogeneity of bone mechanoresponsiveness was the significant difference in the composition of the gut microbiota,in which the family Lachnospiraceae contributed to the inter-individual high variability in bone mechanical adaptation.Additionally,administration of Lachnospiraceae exhibited increased expression levels of L-citrulline and L-arginine and enhanced bone mechanoresponsiveness in recipients.Collectively,this study provides mechanistic insights into inter-individual variability of the gut microbial,which is related to the heterogeneity of bone mechanical adaptation and provides a novel preventive and therapeutic strategy to anti-osteoporotic for maximizing bone mechanoresponsiveness via the microbiota-metabolite axis.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal （HPA） axis dysfunction has been closely linked to anxiety. Previous studies have shown that Valeriana jatamansi Jones extract exhibits clear anxiolytic effects, but it is ...BACKGROUND： Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal （HPA） axis dysfunction has been closely linked to anxiety. Previous studies have shown that Valeriana jatamansi Jones extract exhibits clear anxiolytic effects, but it is unclear about the mechanism underlying regulation of the HPA axis dysfunction in these anxiolytic effects. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effects of Valeriana jatamansi Jones （Zhizhu Xiang） extract on HPA axis function in a rat model of anxiety, and to compare these effects with positive control estazolam. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： Randomized, controlled, animal experiment was performed at Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China, between February and September in 2006. MATERIALS： Estazolam was purchased from Shanghai Jiufu Pharmaceutical, China; Valeriana jatamansiJones was purchased from the Lotus Pond Market for Chinese Herbal Medicine in Chengdu. It consisted of iridoids and flavonoid components. METHODS： A total of 72 Sprague Dawley rats, aged 2 months, were randomly assigned to 6 groups low-, medium-, and high-dose Valerianajatamansi Jones groups intragastrically injected with 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 g/kg per day Valerianajatamansi Jones extract, respectively; estazolam group intragastrically injected with 1.5 mg/kg per day estazolam; model and normal groups administered 5 mL physiological saline. Anxiety was established in all groups, except the normal group, through the use of elevated plus-maze test at 7 days following drug administration. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Blood β-endorphin and corticosterone levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay following treatment with ValerianajatamansiJones extract. Expressions of HPA axis-related genes were measured by cDNA microarray. RESULTS： Blood β-endorphin and corticosterone levels were significantly greater in the model group than in the normal group. Compared with the model group, levels decreased with Valeriana jatamansi Jones extract or estazolam treatment, particularly in the low-dose Valeriana jatamansi Jones group （P〈 0.01）. cDNA microarray results demonstrated that corticotropin-releasing hormone and Orexin, which are associated with HPA axis function, were differentially expressed; expression increased in the model group, but decreased in rats treated with Valerianajatamansi Jones extract. CONCLUSION： Valerianajatamansi Jones extract plays a role in regulating HPA axis function in a rat model of anxiety, and this effect was superior to estazolam.展开更多
The two-step hydro-bulge forming technique was proposed to manufacture the ellipsoidal shell with the length ratio of the long axis to the short axis larger than 1.4. A central tube was introduced into the first step ...The two-step hydro-bulge forming technique was proposed to manufacture the ellipsoidal shell with the length ratio of the long axis to the short axis larger than 1.4. A central tube was introduced into the first step of the hydro-bulge forming process to constrain the over growth of the short axis during bulging,and then the central tube was replaced with two polar plates in the second step of the hydro-bulge forming process to manufacture an integral ellipsoidal shell. It is shown that the central tube restricts the growth of the short axis and simultaneously reduces the shrunk tendency of the long axis. The wrinkling occurs due to the latitudinal compressive stress at the equator at the early stage of hydro-bulge forming. However,with the increase of internal pressure,the compressive stress areas gradually decrease and finally the tensile latitudinal stress occupies approximately the whole shell,thus the wrinkles are eliminated. A sound ellipsoidal shell with the axis length ratio of 1.8 is obtained after two-step hydro bulging.展开更多
Machine learning has been widely utilized in flow field modeling and aerodynamic optimization.However,most applications are limited to two-dimensional problems.The dimensionality and the cost per simulation of three-d...Machine learning has been widely utilized in flow field modeling and aerodynamic optimization.However,most applications are limited to two-dimensional problems.The dimensionality and the cost per simulation of three-dimensional problems are so high that it is often too expensive to prepare sufficient samples.Therefore,transfer learning has become a promising approach to reuse well-trained two-dimensional models and greatly reduce the need for samples for threedimensional problems.This paper proposes to reuse the baseline models trained on supercritical airfoils to predict finite-span swept supercritical wings,where the simple swept theory is embedded to improve the prediction accuracy.Two baseline models are investigated:one is commonly referred to as the forward problem of predicting the pressure coefficient distribution based on the geometry,and the other is the inverse problem that predicts the geometry based on the pressure coefficient distribution.Two transfer learning strategies are compared for both baseline models.The transferred models are then tested on complete wings.The results show that transfer learning requires only approximately 500 wing samples to achieve good prediction accuracy on different wing planforms and different free stream conditions.Compared to the two baseline models,the transferred models reduce the prediction error by 60%and 80%,respectively.展开更多
We used satellite altimetry data to investigate the Kuroshio Current because of the higher resolution and wider range of observations. In previous studies, satellite absolute geostrophic velocities were used to study ...We used satellite altimetry data to investigate the Kuroshio Current because of the higher resolution and wider range of observations. In previous studies, satellite absolute geostrophic velocities were used to study the spatiotemporal variability of the sea surface velocity field along the current, and extraction methods were employed to detect the Kuroshio axes and paths. However, sea surface absolute geostrophic velocity estimated from absolute dynamic topography should be regarded as the geostrophic component of the actual surface velocity, which cannot represent a sea surface current accurately. In this study, mathematical verification between the climatic absolute geostrophic and bin-averaged drifting buoy velocity was established and then adopted to correct the satellite absolute geostrophic velocities. There were some differences in the characteristics between satellite geostrophic and drifting buoy velocities. As a result, the corrected satellite absolute geostrophic velocities were used to detect the Kuroshio axis and path based on a principal-component detection scheme. The results showed that the detection of the Kuroshio axes and paths from corrected absolute geostrophic velocities performed better than those from satellite absolute geostrophic velocities and surface current estimations. The corrected satellite absolute geostrophic velocity may therefore contribute to more precise day-to-day detection of the Kuroshio Current axis and path.展开更多
The objective of this study was to develop, as well as validate the strongly coupled method (two-way fluid structural interaction (FSI)) used to simulate the transient FSI response of the vertical axis tidal turbine (...The objective of this study was to develop, as well as validate the strongly coupled method (two-way fluid structural interaction (FSI)) used to simulate the transient FSI response of the vertical axis tidal turbine (VATT) rotor, subjected to spatially varying inflow. Moreover, this study examined strategies on improving techniques used for mesh deformation that account for large displacement or deformation calculations. The blade's deformation for each new time step is considered in transient two-way FSI analysis, to make the design more reliable. Usually this is not considered in routine one-way FSI simulations. A rotor with four blades and 4-m diameter was modeled and numerically analyzed. We observed that two-way FSI, utilizing the strongly coupled method, was impossible for a complex model; and thereby using ANSYS-CFX and ANSYS-MECHANICAL in work bench, as given in ANSYS-WORKBENCH, helped case examples 22 and 23, by giving an error when the solution was run. To make the method possible and reduce the computational power, a novel technique was used to transfer the file in ANSYS-APDL to obtain the solution and results. Consequently, the results indicating a two-way transient FSI analysis is a time- and resource-consuming job, but with our proposed technique we can reduce the computational time. The ANSYS STRUCTURAL results also uncover that stresses and deformations have higher values for two-way FSI as compared to one-way FSI. Similarly, fluid flow CFX results for two-way FSI are closer to experimental results as compared to one-way simulation results. Additionally, this study shows that, using the proposed method we can perform coupled simulation with simple multi-node PCs (core i5).展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFA1501002)Thousand Talents Program for Distinguished Young Scholars.X.Li thanks the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22309021).
文摘Nanocrystals have emerged as cutting-edge functional materials benefiting from the increased surface and enhanced coupling of electronic states.High-resolution imaging in transmission electron microscope can provide invaluable structural information of crystalline materials,albeit it remains greatly challenging to nanocrystals due to the arduousness of accurate zone axis adjustment.Herein,a homemade software package,called SmartAxis,is developed for rapid yet accurate zone axis alignment of nanocrystals.Incident electron beam tilt is employed as an eccentric goniometer to measure the angular deviation of a crystal to a zone axis,and then serves as a linkage to calculate theαandβtilts of goniometer based on an accurate quantitative relationship.In this way,high-resolution imaging of one identical small Au nanocrystal,as well as electron beam-sensitive MIL-101 metal-organic framework crystals,along multiple zone axes,was performed successfully by using this accurate,time-and electron dose-saving zone axis alignment software package.
基金funded by Shaoxing University’s enterprise important horizontal topic(No.2024USXH287)the Graduate research project of Shaoxing University(Nos.Y20240280)。
文摘The global aging crisis has increased the prevalence of skeletal disorders,necessitating innovative therapeutic strategies.This review employs the brain-bone axis(BBA)framework to examine the role of the sympathetic nervous system(SNS)in bone metabolism.The research systematically elucidates the molecular mechanisms by which the SNS mediates signaling pathways through neurofibers and neurotransmitters,such as norepinephrine,dopamine,neuropeptide Y,and leptin,regulating interactions between bone-related cells to maintain skeletal homeostasis.It also identifies the pathological associations between the dysregulation of these pathways and the progression of bone-related conditions,such as osteoporosis,osteoarthritis,and intervertebral disc degeneration.By integrating current evidence,we identify novel therapeutic targets within the BBA and propose neuro-centric intervention strategies to mitigate skeletal diseases.This review deepens the understanding of neuro-skeletal interactions and lays a foundation for innovative treatments for bone-related pathologies.
基金2023 Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Project of Hunan College Students:Tiger Butterfly—Bionic Manufacturing and Morphology Research(Project No.S202313809022)Key Project of Education Reform of Hunan Provincial Department of Education:Research on Disciplinary Integration Education Model under Intelligence+Empowerment—A Case Study of Robotics and Logistics Management Majors(Project No.HNJG-20231561)。
文摘Based on research into bionic butterflies for environmental detection and ecological management,a scheme was proposed to develop and manufacture a bionic aircraft with two wings inspired by specific butterfly species.A flapping-wing aircraft with a simple structure was designed,and its two-wing design was optimized.The research focused on several key areas:the design and optimization of the wings,the development of the transmission mechanism,hardware design and fabrication,and 3D printing for component manufacturing.This resulted in the bionic replication of the wing shape and structure of the Tiger Papilio butterfly.The final bionic butterfly features a wingspan of 29.5 cm and a total weight of 13.8 g.This project integrates mechatronic principles and provides a valuable reference for advancements in the field of bionic butterflies.Future research could explore the aerodynamic characteristics of wings and innovative design approaches in greater depth.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82374615)the Major Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shandong Province(2022CXGC020510 and 2024CXGC010609)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2024MH189)the University Youth Innovation Team of Shandong Province(2023KJ176)Shandong Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology project(M-2022253)Shandong Provincial Medical and Health Science and Technology Project(202412040294)the clinical-basic joint innovation team project of Shandong First Medical University(CX202408)。
文摘The brain serves as the core component of the central nervous system and plays a pivotal role in regulating the functions of various essential organs throughout the body.The skeletal system serves as the fundamental supportive and protective framework of the human body and is extensively innervated by nerves.Currently,a large body of epidemiological and experimental evidence confirms the close interplay between bones and the brain,but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.This review is anchored on the concept of the brain-bone axis,aiming to gain a deeper understanding of the physiological and pathological interactions between these two organs.A comprehensive analysis of the potential foundations and mechanisms underlying the intricate association between the brain and the skeleton is offered.In summary,the brain can influence skeletal homeostasis through modulation of the neuromolecules,extracellular vesicles,and brain-marrow neural circuit;conversely,the skeleton can influence the brain in its development,function,and pathology by physical exercise,massage therapy,and skeletal trauma.Simultaneously,the strategies for the treatment of skeletal and neurological disorders were organized,in which Traditional Chinese Medicine appears to offer new perspectives for the prevention and disease management,ultimately aiming to furnish patients with more effective therapeutic methods.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China:to Explore the Mechanism of Acupuncture Treatment on Rats with Allergic Rhinitis from the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis and Serum Immune Factor Levels (No.82004455)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To explore the correlation between acupuncture treatment for allergic rhinitis(AR) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA) axis regulation by investigating changes in serum immune factors,HPA axis-associated hormone levels,activation levels of paraventricular nucleus(PVN) neurons,and the severity of nasal mucosal lesions,in rats with AR before and after acupuncture treatment.METHODS:After establishing the AR rat model,ovalbumin was administered via nasal drip to all groups except the blank control.Each group received continuous treatment for 14 d:the acupuncture,acupuncture + RU-486(mifepristone),and RU-486 groups received acupuncture only,RU486 intraperitoneal injection and acupuncture,and RU-486 intraperitoneal injection only,respectively.Following the intervention period,behavioral scoring was performed on all AR rats,and peripheral blood,nasal mucosa samples,and brains tissue(containing PVN region) were obtained following euthanization.Interleukin(IL-4,IL-5,IL-13),interferon gamma(IFN-γ),corticosterone(CORT),and corticotrophin-releasing hormone(CRH) levels were evaluated in peripheral blood samples.Adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH) levels were determined using an enzyme-linked immunoassay assay,and hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed on the nasal mucosa samples.The expression levels of c-Fos in PVN neurons following acupuncture treatment were evaluated by immunofluorescent staining.RESULTS:Following the intervention period,the behavioral scores for the blank control group were lower than those of other groups(P < 0.05),while the acupuncture group scores were lower than those in the model control,acupuncture + RU486,and RU486 groups(P < 0.05).The blank control group had lower serum IL-4,IL-5,and IL-13 levels than those in the other groups(P < 0.05).The acupuncture group had lower serum IL-4,IL-5,and IL-13 levels than those in the model control,acupuncture + RU486,and RU486 groups(P < 0.05).The blank control group had the highest serum IFN-γ levels among all groups,followed by the acupuncture group.The serum CORT,CRH,and ACTH levels in the blank control group were lower than those in the remaining groups(P < 0.05).These biomarker levels were also lower in the acupuncture group than those in the model control,acupuncture + RU486,and RU486 groups(P < 0.05).Compared with model,rats in the acupuncture group exhibited an increased c-Fos expression in PVN neurons.CONCLUSION:Acupuncture can alleviate AR symptoms and regulate serum inflammatory factor levels and HPA axis-related hormones in AR rats.Moreover,these effects are inhibited by glucocorticoid antagonists,suggesting that acupuncture may regulate AR symptoms through HPA axis regulation.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.62236007the specialized research projects of Huanjiang Laboratory.
文摘Modeling the dynamics of flapping wing aerial vehicle is challenging due to the complexity of aerodynamic effects and mechanical structures.The aim of this work is to develop an accurate dynamics model of flapping wing aerial vehicle based on real flight data.We propose a modeling framework that combines rigid body dynamics with a neural network to predict aerodynamic effects.By incorporating the concept of flapping phase,we significantly enhance the network’s ability to analyze transient aerodynamic behavior.We design and utilize a phase-functioned neural network structure for aerodynamic predictions and train the network using real flight data.Evaluation results show that the network can predict aerodynamic effects and demonstrate clear physical significance.We verify that the framework can be used for dynamic propagation and is expected to be utilized for building simulators for flapping wing aerial vehicles.
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,No.2023A1515030045(to HS)Presidential Foundation of Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University,No.yzjj2022ms4(to HS)。
文摘Intracerebral hemorrhage is the most dangerous subtype of stroke,characterized by high mortality and morbidity rates,and frequently leads to significant secondary white matter injury.In recent decades,studies have revealed that gut microbiota can communicate bidirectionally with the brain through the gut microbiota–brain axis.This axis indicates that gut microbiota is closely related to the development and prognosis of intracerebral hemorrhage and its associated secondary white matter injury.The NACHT,LRR,and pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome plays a crucial role in this context.This review summarizes the dysbiosis of gut microbiota following intracerebral hemorrhage and explores the mechanisms by which this imbalance may promote the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.These mechanisms include metabolic pathways(involving short-chain fatty acids,lipopolysaccharides,lactic acid,bile acids,trimethylamine-N-oxide,and tryptophan),neural pathways(such as the vagus nerve and sympathetic nerve),and immune pathways(involving microglia and T cells).We then discuss the relationship between the activated NLRP3 inflammasome and secondary white matter injury after intracerebral hemorrhage.The activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome can exacerbate secondary white matter injury by disrupting the blood–brain barrier,inducing neuroinflammation,and interfering with nerve regeneration.Finally,we outline potential treatment strategies for intracerebral hemorrhage and its secondary white matter injury.Our review highlights the critical role of the gut microbiota–brain axis and the NLRP3 inflammasome in white matter injury following intracerebral hemorrhage,paving the way for exploring potential therapeutic approaches.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62027812 and 62273186).
文摘17β-Trenbolone(17-TB)is well documented as an environmental endocrine disruptor in aquatic biological studies,but its effects on mammals remain poorly understood.Furthermore,17-TB acts as a hormone with properties similar to testosterone,and the consequences of juvenile exposure on adult social behavior remain uncertain.Bisphenol A(BPA)acts as an estrogen-like hormone,compared to 17-TB.Three-week-old male Balb/c mice were exposed orally to 17-TB(100μg/(kg·day))and BPA(4 mg/(kg·day))for 28 days.Assessments of social interactions and a three-chamber test showed that 17-TB increased virility in male mice,intensified both male and female sexual behavior,and attracted and accepted female mice.It also increased social dominance through tube tests inmalemice and markedly activated the c-Fos^(+)immune response in themedial prefrontal cortex(mPFC)and basal amygdala(BLA).ELISA data showed that 17-TB and BPA exposure significantly affected serum gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH),growth hormone(GH),estradiol(E2),and luteinizing hormone(LH)levels,as well as testicular lesions and androgen receptor(ARβ)and estrogen receptor(ERα)synthesis.Testicular transcriptomic analysis further confirmed that could disrupt steroid synthesis and linoleic acid-related biometabolic processes.These findings suggest the influence of 17-TB and BPA exposure on sexual behavior and fertility in male mice,possibly through modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.This study provides insights relevant to human reproductive health and neuro-social behavioral research,and the potential risk of environmental disturbances should not be overlooked.
基金supported by the Research Fund Project of the Education Department of Yunnan Province(No.2023Y0464)Research Project for Scientific Research Funds of Provincial Research Institutions in Heilongjiang Province(No.CZBZ2025ZR003).
文摘Background:Immunosuppression compromises the host’s ability to combat pathogens,thereby increasing susceptibility to multisystem disorders.However,safe and effective curative treatments for this condition are currently lacking.Modulating the gut microbiota and their metabolites represents a promising therapeutic strategy.Notably,the Chinese herbal compound Yunzhi Guben Gao(YZG)has demonstrated multi-target immunomodulatory potential.Methods:A mouse model of dexamethasone-induced immunosuppression was employed to evaluate the effects of YZG.Immune organ indices(thymus,spleen),serum cytokine levels(IL-2,TNF-α),mucosal immunity markers(pulmonary/colonic SIgA),gut microbiota structure,and short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)abundance were evaluated.Key microbial genera and metabolites were identified via Spearman correlation analysis.Pseudo-germ-free model mice established via quadruple antibiotic treatment combined with isovaleric acid intervention were employed to evaluate whether YZG efficacy depends on the intestinal microbiota and its metabolites,and whether its intrinsic mechanisms involve the promotion of isovaleric acid production.Results:YZG intervention ameliorated systemic and mucosal immune function in immunosuppressed mice.Mechanistically,YZG remodeled gut microbiota structure and significantly increased SCFAs levels.Notably,the abundance of the genus Ligilactobacillus exhibited the strongest positive correlation with isovaleric acid levels.Ligilactobacillus abundance was also positively correlated with immune-enhancing parameters and negatively correlated with the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α,suggesting that Ligilactobacillus plays a pivotal role in the YZG regulatory network.Experiments using pseudo-germ-free mice and isovaleric acid intervention further demonstrated that the immunoprotective effects of YZG are closely related to intestinal microbiota remodeling and increased isovaleric acid production.Conclusion:YZG alleviates immunosuppression through multiple mechanisms,primarily involving the enrichment of the probiotic genus Ligilactobacillus and the consequent increase in isovaleric acid production.This process coordinately modulates mucosal immunity,cytokine networks,and immune organ function.The elucidation of this“microbiota-metabolite-immunity”axis provides both a pharmacological basis for the clinical application of YZG and novel immune-restorative strategies targeting gut microecological regulation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12402268)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.30925010410)。
文摘The core components of an aircraft and the source of its lift are its wings,but lift generation is disrupted by the high temperature and pressure generated on the wing surface when an aircraft gun is fired.Here,to investigate how this process influences the aerodynamic parameters of aircraft wings,the k-ωshearstress-transport turbulence model and the nested dynamic grid technique are used to analyze numerically the transient process of the muzzle jet of a 30-mm small-caliber aircraft gun in highaltitude(10 km)flight with an incoming Mach number of Ma=0.8.For comparison,two other models are established,one with no projectile and the other with no wing.The results indicate that when the aircraft gun is fired,the muzzle jet acts on the wing,creating a pressure field thereon.The uneven distribution of high pressure greatly reduces the lift of the aircraft,causing oscillations in its drag and disrupting its dynamic balance,thereby affecting its flight speed and attitude.Meanwhile,the muzzle jet is obstructed by the wing,and its flow field is distorted and deformed,developing upward toward the wing.Because of the influence of the incoming flow,the shockwave front of the projectile changes from a smooth spherical shape to an irregular one,and the motion parameters of the projectile are also greatly affected by oscillations.The present results provide an important theoretical basis for how the guns of fighter aircraft influence the aerodynamic performance of the wings.
基金Supported by Open Project of Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for the Prevention and Treatment of Geriatric Diseases,No.202232.
文摘BACKGROUND Post-stroke depression(PSD)is associated with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis dysfunction and neurotransmitter deficits.Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors(SSRIs)are commonly used,but their efficacy is limited.This study investigated whether combining SSRIs with traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)Free San could enhance their therapeutic effects.AIM To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of combining SSRIs with Free San in treating PSD,and to assess its impact on HPA axis function.METHODS Ninety-two patients with PSD were enrolled and randomly divided into control groups(n=46)and study groups(n=46).The control group received the SSRI paroxetine alone,whereas the study group received paroxetine combined with Free San for 4 weeks.Hamilton Depression Scale and TCM syndrome scores were assessed before and after treatment.Serum serotonin,norepinephrine,cortisol,cor-ticotropin-releasing hormone,and adrenocorticotropic hormone were measured.The treatment responses and adverse reactions were recorded.RESULTS After treatment,the Hamilton Depression Scale and TCM syndrome scores were significantly lower in the study group than in the control group(P<0.05).Serum serotonin and norepinephrine levels were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group,whereas cortisol,corticotropin-releasing hormone,and adrenocorticotropic hormone levels were significantly lower(P<0.05).The total efficacy rates were 84.78%and 65.22%in the study and control groups,respectively(P<0.05).No significant differences in adverse reactions were observed between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Combining SSRIs with Free San can enhance therapeutic efficacy,improve depressive symptoms,and regulate HPA axis function in patients with PSD with good safety and clinical application value.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1000201)National Scientific Foundation of China(32272861)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-41)。
文摘Background Excessive abdominal fat in broilers not only reduces feed efficiency and increases processing costs but also raises environmental concerns.This pathological overaccumulation results from complex metabolic dysregulation across multiple organs.While current research largely centers on adipogenesis within adipose tissue,a comprehensive understanding of the cross-organ regulatory factors influencing this process remains elusive.Results Here,we employed a high-fat diet(HFD)model and multi-omics approaches to investigate cross-organ regulatory mechanisms underlying abdominal fat deposition in broilers.Our results demonstrated that HFD not only promoted fat accumulation but also altered meat quality traits.Through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing,we identified significant gut microbiota dysbiosis in HFD-fed chickens,manifested by an increased abundance of Lactobacillus and a decreased abundance of Enterococcus.However,jejunal microbiota transplantation from HFD donors did not induce abdominal fat deposition in recipient chickens.Metabolomic profiling revealed that HFD elevated the level of succinic acid,a metabolite positively correlated with Lactobacillus abundance and potentially generated by Lactobacillus.This increase in succinic acid(SA)further triggered metabolic inflammation response in both jejunal tissue and serum.In vivo validation established succinic acid as a key inflammatory mediator facilitating HFD-induced cross-organ communication between the jejunum and abdominal adipose tissue,enhancing intestinal lipid uptake and subsequent abdominal fat deposition.Bulk and single-nucleus RNA sequencing(snRNA-seq)revealed that HFD induced macrophage population expansion and intensified adipocyte-macrophage crosstalk.Adipocyte-macrophage co-culture systems further elucidated that macrophages are an indispensable factor in succinic acid-induced fat deposition.Conclusion This study delineates a succinic acid-driven"gut-fat axis"governing abdominal fat deposition in broilers,integrating gut microbiota dysbiosis and macrophage-mediated inflammatory adipogenesis.By identifying succinic acid as a cross-organ signaling molecule that enhances lipid absorption and activates macrophage-dependent adipogenesis,we establish systemic metabolic-immune crosstalk as a pivotal regulatory mechanism.These findings redefine fat deposition as a process extending beyond adipose-centric models,advancing multi-omics-guided strategies for sustainable poultry production.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81860843Guangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Project,No.GZSY23-36 and No.GXZYA20240150。
文摘BACKGROUND Chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG)is a clinically refractory gastric disease often characterized by high recurrence rates and adverse drug reactions.Anwei decoction(AWD),a traditional Chinese medicine formula,has been shown to significantly improve clinical symptoms in patients with CAG,as demonstrated by a multicenter cohort study(overall effective rate:82.5%,P<0.01).However,the unclear molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets of AWD limit its international acceptance.AIM To investigate the therapeutic mechanisms of AWD against CAG from an integrated perspective.METHODS In this study,N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine was used to establish a CAG rat model.Serum-derived constituents transferred from AWD were first identified using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry.The concentrations of inflammatory cytokines in serum samples were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Moreover,gastric mucosal tissues were analyzed by quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction to measure messenger RNA(mRNA)levels of the NLRP3 inflammasome.Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of NLRP3,caspase-1,and interleukin(IL)-1β.To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms underlying AWD treatment,structural alterations of the gut microbiota(GM)and associated metabolites were analyzed using integrated high-throughput sequencing(16S rRNA)and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry based untargeted metabolomics.This comprehensive approach systematically clarified AWD’s multi-target therapeutic mechanisms against CAG.RESULTS AWD notably reduced serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines,such as IL-1β,IL-18,tumor necrosis factor-α,and lipopolysaccharide,demonstrating significant statistical differences(all P<0.01).Additionally,AWD substantially inhibited NLRP3 mRNA expression in gastric mucosal tissue(P<0.01)and concurrently decreased the protein abundance of NLRP3,IL-1β,and caspase-1(all P<0.01),thereby suppressing inflammasome signaling activation.GM analysis indicated that AWD intervention significantly increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria.Associated microbial metabolites likely inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway by modulating immune cell function.Non-targeted metabolomics further indicated that AWD exerted anti-inflammatory effects by regulating critical metabolic pathways,including the Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection pathway,autophagy processes,and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor biosynthesis.CONCLUSION AWD alleviates the pathological progression of CAG through multi-target synergistic mechanisms.On one hand,AWD directly suppresses gastric mucosal inflammation by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation.On the other hand,AWD remodels intestinal microbiota-metabolite homeostasis,enhances intestinal barrier function,and regulates mucosal immune responses.
文摘A recent study published in Cell Metabolism entitled“Gut microbial alterations in arginine metabolism determine bone mechanical adaptation”demonstrated that administration of L-arginine enhanced bone mechanical adaptation by activating a nitric oxide-calcium feedback loop in osteocytes.The findings revealed that mechanical regulation of bone adaptation is associated with gut microbiota.The underlying cause of heterogeneity of bone mechanoresponsiveness was the significant difference in the composition of the gut microbiota,in which the family Lachnospiraceae contributed to the inter-individual high variability in bone mechanical adaptation.Additionally,administration of Lachnospiraceae exhibited increased expression levels of L-citrulline and L-arginine and enhanced bone mechanoresponsiveness in recipients.Collectively,this study provides mechanistic insights into inter-individual variability of the gut microbial,which is related to the heterogeneity of bone mechanical adaptation and provides a novel preventive and therapeutic strategy to anti-osteoporotic for maximizing bone mechanoresponsiveness via the microbiota-metabolite axis.
基金Project of Sichuan Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Administration,No.200674Science Foundation of Southwest Jiaotong University,No.2006A10+1 种基金"Key New Drug Innovation" National Science and Technology Major Projects During Eleventh Five-Year Plan,No.2009ZX09103-370Chengdu Science and Technology Major Projects During Eleventh Five-Year Plan,No.09GGZD060SF-012
文摘BACKGROUND： Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal （HPA） axis dysfunction has been closely linked to anxiety. Previous studies have shown that Valeriana jatamansi Jones extract exhibits clear anxiolytic effects, but it is unclear about the mechanism underlying regulation of the HPA axis dysfunction in these anxiolytic effects. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effects of Valeriana jatamansi Jones （Zhizhu Xiang） extract on HPA axis function in a rat model of anxiety, and to compare these effects with positive control estazolam. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： Randomized, controlled, animal experiment was performed at Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China, between February and September in 2006. MATERIALS： Estazolam was purchased from Shanghai Jiufu Pharmaceutical, China; Valeriana jatamansiJones was purchased from the Lotus Pond Market for Chinese Herbal Medicine in Chengdu. It consisted of iridoids and flavonoid components. METHODS： A total of 72 Sprague Dawley rats, aged 2 months, were randomly assigned to 6 groups low-, medium-, and high-dose Valerianajatamansi Jones groups intragastrically injected with 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 g/kg per day Valerianajatamansi Jones extract, respectively; estazolam group intragastrically injected with 1.5 mg/kg per day estazolam; model and normal groups administered 5 mL physiological saline. Anxiety was established in all groups, except the normal group, through the use of elevated plus-maze test at 7 days following drug administration. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Blood β-endorphin and corticosterone levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay following treatment with ValerianajatamansiJones extract. Expressions of HPA axis-related genes were measured by cDNA microarray. RESULTS： Blood β-endorphin and corticosterone levels were significantly greater in the model group than in the normal group. Compared with the model group, levels decreased with Valeriana jatamansi Jones extract or estazolam treatment, particularly in the low-dose Valeriana jatamansi Jones group （P〈 0.01）. cDNA microarray results demonstrated that corticotropin-releasing hormone and Orexin, which are associated with HPA axis function, were differentially expressed; expression increased in the model group, but decreased in rats treated with Valerianajatamansi Jones extract. CONCLUSION： Valerianajatamansi Jones extract plays a role in regulating HPA axis function in a rat model of anxiety, and this effect was superior to estazolam.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 59975022 and 50275034)
文摘The two-step hydro-bulge forming technique was proposed to manufacture the ellipsoidal shell with the length ratio of the long axis to the short axis larger than 1.4. A central tube was introduced into the first step of the hydro-bulge forming process to constrain the over growth of the short axis during bulging,and then the central tube was replaced with two polar plates in the second step of the hydro-bulge forming process to manufacture an integral ellipsoidal shell. It is shown that the central tube restricts the growth of the short axis and simultaneously reduces the shrunk tendency of the long axis. The wrinkling occurs due to the latitudinal compressive stress at the equator at the early stage of hydro-bulge forming. However,with the increase of internal pressure,the compressive stress areas gradually decrease and finally the tensile latitudinal stress occupies approximately the whole shell,thus the wrinkles are eliminated. A sound ellipsoidal shell with the axis length ratio of 1.8 is obtained after two-step hydro bulging.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.92052203,12202243 and 11872230).
文摘Machine learning has been widely utilized in flow field modeling and aerodynamic optimization.However,most applications are limited to two-dimensional problems.The dimensionality and the cost per simulation of three-dimensional problems are so high that it is often too expensive to prepare sufficient samples.Therefore,transfer learning has become a promising approach to reuse well-trained two-dimensional models and greatly reduce the need for samples for threedimensional problems.This paper proposes to reuse the baseline models trained on supercritical airfoils to predict finite-span swept supercritical wings,where the simple swept theory is embedded to improve the prediction accuracy.Two baseline models are investigated:one is commonly referred to as the forward problem of predicting the pressure coefficient distribution based on the geometry,and the other is the inverse problem that predicts the geometry based on the pressure coefficient distribution.Two transfer learning strategies are compared for both baseline models.The transferred models are then tested on complete wings.The results show that transfer learning requires only approximately 500 wing samples to achieve good prediction accuracy on different wing planforms and different free stream conditions.Compared to the two baseline models,the transferred models reduce the prediction error by 60%and 80%,respectively.
基金The National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China under contract No.2018YFF01014100the National Programme on Global Change and Air-Sea Interaction under contract No.GASI-IPOVAI-01-05the NSFC-Shandong Joint Fund for Marine Science Research Centers under contract No.U1606405
文摘We used satellite altimetry data to investigate the Kuroshio Current because of the higher resolution and wider range of observations. In previous studies, satellite absolute geostrophic velocities were used to study the spatiotemporal variability of the sea surface velocity field along the current, and extraction methods were employed to detect the Kuroshio axes and paths. However, sea surface absolute geostrophic velocity estimated from absolute dynamic topography should be regarded as the geostrophic component of the actual surface velocity, which cannot represent a sea surface current accurately. In this study, mathematical verification between the climatic absolute geostrophic and bin-averaged drifting buoy velocity was established and then adopted to correct the satellite absolute geostrophic velocities. There were some differences in the characteristics between satellite geostrophic and drifting buoy velocities. As a result, the corrected satellite absolute geostrophic velocities were used to detect the Kuroshio axis and path based on a principal-component detection scheme. The results showed that the detection of the Kuroshio axes and paths from corrected absolute geostrophic velocities performed better than those from satellite absolute geostrophic velocities and surface current estimations. The corrected satellite absolute geostrophic velocity may therefore contribute to more precise day-to-day detection of the Kuroshio Current axis and path.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51209060 and 51106034)the ‘111’ Project Foundation from Ministry of Education and State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs (No. B07019), Chinathe National Special Foundation for Ocean Energy (No. GHME2010CY01)
文摘The objective of this study was to develop, as well as validate the strongly coupled method (two-way fluid structural interaction (FSI)) used to simulate the transient FSI response of the vertical axis tidal turbine (VATT) rotor, subjected to spatially varying inflow. Moreover, this study examined strategies on improving techniques used for mesh deformation that account for large displacement or deformation calculations. The blade's deformation for each new time step is considered in transient two-way FSI analysis, to make the design more reliable. Usually this is not considered in routine one-way FSI simulations. A rotor with four blades and 4-m diameter was modeled and numerically analyzed. We observed that two-way FSI, utilizing the strongly coupled method, was impossible for a complex model; and thereby using ANSYS-CFX and ANSYS-MECHANICAL in work bench, as given in ANSYS-WORKBENCH, helped case examples 22 and 23, by giving an error when the solution was run. To make the method possible and reduce the computational power, a novel technique was used to transfer the file in ANSYS-APDL to obtain the solution and results. Consequently, the results indicating a two-way transient FSI analysis is a time- and resource-consuming job, but with our proposed technique we can reduce the computational time. The ANSYS STRUCTURAL results also uncover that stresses and deformations have higher values for two-way FSI as compared to one-way FSI. Similarly, fluid flow CFX results for two-way FSI are closer to experimental results as compared to one-way simulation results. Additionally, this study shows that, using the proposed method we can perform coupled simulation with simple multi-node PCs (core i5).
