Embryo quality is crucial when selecting embryos for transfer. Variation in quality may be attributed to poor oocytes, semen, stress, inflammation, and potential immune system dysregulation. OmniGen-AF<sup>&...Embryo quality is crucial when selecting embryos for transfer. Variation in quality may be attributed to poor oocytes, semen, stress, inflammation, and potential immune system dysregulation. OmniGen-AF<sup>®</sup> (OG) feeding supports immune system function and animal health. Our laboratory recently reported lower percent degenerate embryos recovered and increased plasma progesterone in beef cattle donors fed OG during superovulation. <i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">In vitro</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i> development of embryos recovered from donor cows fed OG prior to collection is presented here. Embryos were recovered from 24 beef cows assigned to four treatment groups: 0 g OG/hd/d and 200 mg Folltropin<sup>®</sup>-V (FSH) (0/200);0 g OG/hd/d and 400 mg FSH (0/400), 56 g OG/hd/d, 200 mg FSH (56/200) and 56 g OG/hd/d and 400 mg FSH (56/400). Good to excellent quality early blastocysts were cultured for 8 d. and development through hatching, embryonic volume and plasminogen activator (PA) production were quantified. The complete protocol was repeated 90 - 120 d later as Replicate 2. Optimal development was observed by embryos recovered from 0/200 cows where percent blastocysts hatching was greater </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> < 0.05)</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">compared to 56/200 and 0/400 cows and embryonic volume was greatest (</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> < 0.05) in Replicate 1. However, percent blastocysts hatching from 0/200 cows</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> was similar (<i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i> > 0.10) to 56/400 cows and embryos recovered from 56/400 cows in Replicate 1 produced more (<i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i> < 0.05) PA compared to all other groups. For cows superovulated with the standard 400-mg FSH dose, feeding OG supported </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> embryo development similar to that observed for 0/200 cows.展开更多
The continued expansion of the world population,increasingly inconsistent climate and shrinking agricultural resources present major challenges to crop breeding.Fortunately,the increasing ability to discover and manip...The continued expansion of the world population,increasingly inconsistent climate and shrinking agricultural resources present major challenges to crop breeding.Fortunately,the increasing ability to discover and manipulate genes creates new opportunities to develop more productive and resilient cultivars.Many genes have been described in papers as being beneficial for yield increase.However,few of them have been translated into increased yield on farms.In contrast,commercial breeders are facing gene decidophobia,i.e.,puzzled about which gene to choose for breeding among the many identified,a huge chasm between gene discovery and cultivar innovation.The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to the shortfalls in current gene discovery research and to emphasise the need to align with cultivar innovation.The methodology dictates that genetic studies not only focus on gene discovery but also pay good attention to the genetic backgrounds,experimental validation in relevant environments,appropriate crop management,and data reusability.The close of the gaps should accelerate the application of molecular study in breeding and contribute to future global food security.展开更多
Much has been learned about the etiology and pathogenesis of schizophrenia since the term was first used by Eugene Bleuler over a century ago to describe one of the most important forms of major mental illness to affe...Much has been learned about the etiology and pathogenesis of schizophrenia since the term was first used by Eugene Bleuler over a century ago to describe one of the most important forms of major mental illness to affect mankind.Both nature and nurture feature prominently in our understanding of the genesis of the overall risk of developing schizophrenia.We now have a firm grasp of the broad structure of the genetic architecture and several key environmental risk factors have been identified and delineated.However,much of the heritability of schizophrenia remains unexplained and the reported environmental risk factors do not explain all the variances not attributable to genetic risk factors.The biggest problem at present is that our understanding of the causal mechanisms involved is still in its infancy.In this review,we describe the extent and limits of our knowledge of the specific genetic/constitutional and non-genetic/environmental factors that contribute to the overall risk of schizophrenia.We suggest novel methods may be required to understand the almost certainly immensely complex multi-level causal mechanisms that contribute to the generation of the schizophrenia phenotype.展开更多
文摘Embryo quality is crucial when selecting embryos for transfer. Variation in quality may be attributed to poor oocytes, semen, stress, inflammation, and potential immune system dysregulation. OmniGen-AF<sup>®</sup> (OG) feeding supports immune system function and animal health. Our laboratory recently reported lower percent degenerate embryos recovered and increased plasma progesterone in beef cattle donors fed OG during superovulation. <i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">In vitro</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i> development of embryos recovered from donor cows fed OG prior to collection is presented here. Embryos were recovered from 24 beef cows assigned to four treatment groups: 0 g OG/hd/d and 200 mg Folltropin<sup>®</sup>-V (FSH) (0/200);0 g OG/hd/d and 400 mg FSH (0/400), 56 g OG/hd/d, 200 mg FSH (56/200) and 56 g OG/hd/d and 400 mg FSH (56/400). Good to excellent quality early blastocysts were cultured for 8 d. and development through hatching, embryonic volume and plasminogen activator (PA) production were quantified. The complete protocol was repeated 90 - 120 d later as Replicate 2. Optimal development was observed by embryos recovered from 0/200 cows where percent blastocysts hatching was greater </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> < 0.05)</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">compared to 56/200 and 0/400 cows and embryonic volume was greatest (</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> < 0.05) in Replicate 1. However, percent blastocysts hatching from 0/200 cows</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> was similar (<i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i> > 0.10) to 56/400 cows and embryos recovered from 56/400 cows in Replicate 1 produced more (<i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i> < 0.05) PA compared to all other groups. For cows superovulated with the standard 400-mg FSH dose, feeding OG supported </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> embryo development similar to that observed for 0/200 cows.
基金supported by the Sichuan province Science&Technology Department Crops Breeding Project(2021YFYZ0002)。
文摘The continued expansion of the world population,increasingly inconsistent climate and shrinking agricultural resources present major challenges to crop breeding.Fortunately,the increasing ability to discover and manipulate genes creates new opportunities to develop more productive and resilient cultivars.Many genes have been described in papers as being beneficial for yield increase.However,few of them have been translated into increased yield on farms.In contrast,commercial breeders are facing gene decidophobia,i.e.,puzzled about which gene to choose for breeding among the many identified,a huge chasm between gene discovery and cultivar innovation.The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to the shortfalls in current gene discovery research and to emphasise the need to align with cultivar innovation.The methodology dictates that genetic studies not only focus on gene discovery but also pay good attention to the genetic backgrounds,experimental validation in relevant environments,appropriate crop management,and data reusability.The close of the gaps should accelerate the application of molecular study in breeding and contribute to future global food security.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program from Hunan Province(2018DK2011)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82071507).
文摘Much has been learned about the etiology and pathogenesis of schizophrenia since the term was first used by Eugene Bleuler over a century ago to describe one of the most important forms of major mental illness to affect mankind.Both nature and nurture feature prominently in our understanding of the genesis of the overall risk of developing schizophrenia.We now have a firm grasp of the broad structure of the genetic architecture and several key environmental risk factors have been identified and delineated.However,much of the heritability of schizophrenia remains unexplained and the reported environmental risk factors do not explain all the variances not attributable to genetic risk factors.The biggest problem at present is that our understanding of the causal mechanisms involved is still in its infancy.In this review,we describe the extent and limits of our knowledge of the specific genetic/constitutional and non-genetic/environmental factors that contribute to the overall risk of schizophrenia.We suggest novel methods may be required to understand the almost certainly immensely complex multi-level causal mechanisms that contribute to the generation of the schizophrenia phenotype.
