Precision agriculture(PA)is an agricultural management strategy based on observation,measurement and response to the variability of inter/intra-champ cultures.It includes advances in terms of data collection,analysis ...Precision agriculture(PA)is an agricultural management strategy based on observation,measurement and response to the variability of inter/intra-champ cultures.It includes advances in terms of data collection,analysis and management,as well as technological developments in terms of data storage and recovery,precise positioning,yield monitoring and remote sensing.The latter offers an unprecedented spatial,spectral and temporal resolution,but can also provide detailed information on the height of the vegetation and various observations.Today,the success of new agricultural technologies means that many agricultural tasks have become automated and that scientists have conducted more studies and research based on smart algorithms that automatically learn the decision rules from data.The use of Deep Learning(DL)and in particular the development and application of some of its algorithms called Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs)are considered to be a particular success.In this work,we have applied and tested the performance of a network of convolutional neural network to automatically detect and map olive trees from Phantom4 drone imagery.The workflow involved the acquisition of images and the generation of ortho-mosaic with Pix4D software,as well as the use of a geographic information system.The results obtained with a training dataset of 4500 images of 24∗24 pixels are very satisfying:95%Precision,a 99%Recall and an F-score of 97%.展开更多
The harvesting process of the olive tree is mainly performed by manual means,because traditional olive orchards(the main planting typology)are formed of irregular,large-canopy trees that are very difficult to harvest ...The harvesting process of the olive tree is mainly performed by manual means,because traditional olive orchards(the main planting typology)are formed of irregular,large-canopy trees that are very difficult to harvest mechanically.For that reason,the cost of harvesting is very high,and it threatens the future of these plantations whose conversion to other more modern layouts is not always possible due to several limitations.The introduction of a harvester may represent the technological change that is the key factor for improved competitiveness.The main purpose of this work was to develop a harvester based on canopy shaker technology for work on irregular,large trees in a circular path.The design of the harvester was based on a determination of tree geometry,together with tree training.Field tests were used to determine machine-tree interaction,and to evaluate the removal,catch frame and driven systems.The proposed innovation allowed the fully mechanical harvest of previously planted trees with a removal efficiency of over 84%,achieving an effective field capacity of 0.21 hm^(2)/h.Although the results so far have been promising,further improvements are advisable in machine and tree adaptation.展开更多
Soil salinisation is a major challenge to agricultural development and ecological security,which can be alleviated by the application of soil amendments.Combined application of biochar and organic fertilisers can effe...Soil salinisation is a major challenge to agricultural development and ecological security,which can be alleviated by the application of soil amendments.Combined application of biochar and organic fertilisers can effectively improve soil properties and mitigate the negative effect of saline soil on plant growth by increasing carbon(C),nitrogen(N),and phosphorus(P)content;however,their effects on the stoichiometric characteristics of these elements both and further impacting on plant growth are unclear.The current study compared the effects of two application rates(2.5%and 5.0%)of bone biochar(BC),humic acid(HA)and their combination(1:1)(BH)on olive seedlings(Olea europaea L.)grown in coastal saline soil.The results showed that the combination of BC and HA at the application rate of 5%(BH5.0)significantly(P<0.05)improved soil properties with increased soil porosity and decreased soil sodium(Na^(+))content compared with the control,and promoted plant growth and biomass of Olea europaea by enhancing leaf photosynthesis and the selective absorption of K+and Ca^(2+).Furthermore,these positive effects of combined application were better than those of BC and HA alone.Structural equation model showed that the amendments had a total positive effect on plant growth(β=0.834),and the stoichiometric dynamic balance of C,N and P in plants had a direct positive effect on the growth of Olea europaea(β=0.36).In short,BH treatment can promote plant growth in coastal saline soil by improving soil quality and C-N-P stoichiometric homeostasis of plants,and the effect is better than that of BC and HA single application.The results deepen our understanding of the mechanism of bone biochar and humic acid jointly improving the plant growth in coastal saline environments and provide a guide for the cultivation of olive which can be used as both coastal shelter-forest and cash crop in large areas of saline-alkali coastal land.展开更多
文摘Precision agriculture(PA)is an agricultural management strategy based on observation,measurement and response to the variability of inter/intra-champ cultures.It includes advances in terms of data collection,analysis and management,as well as technological developments in terms of data storage and recovery,precise positioning,yield monitoring and remote sensing.The latter offers an unprecedented spatial,spectral and temporal resolution,but can also provide detailed information on the height of the vegetation and various observations.Today,the success of new agricultural technologies means that many agricultural tasks have become automated and that scientists have conducted more studies and research based on smart algorithms that automatically learn the decision rules from data.The use of Deep Learning(DL)and in particular the development and application of some of its algorithms called Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs)are considered to be a particular success.In this work,we have applied and tested the performance of a network of convolutional neural network to automatically detect and map olive trees from Phantom4 drone imagery.The workflow involved the acquisition of images and the generation of ortho-mosaic with Pix4D software,as well as the use of a geographic information system.The results obtained with a training dataset of 4500 images of 24∗24 pixels are very satisfying:95%Precision,a 99%Recall and an F-score of 97%.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness(PCP Mecaolivar),and the Spanish Olive Oil Interprofessional Organisation.
文摘The harvesting process of the olive tree is mainly performed by manual means,because traditional olive orchards(the main planting typology)are formed of irregular,large-canopy trees that are very difficult to harvest mechanically.For that reason,the cost of harvesting is very high,and it threatens the future of these plantations whose conversion to other more modern layouts is not always possible due to several limitations.The introduction of a harvester may represent the technological change that is the key factor for improved competitiveness.The main purpose of this work was to develop a harvester based on canopy shaker technology for work on irregular,large trees in a circular path.The design of the harvester was based on a determination of tree geometry,together with tree training.Field tests were used to determine machine-tree interaction,and to evaluate the removal,catch frame and driven systems.The proposed innovation allowed the fully mechanical harvest of previously planted trees with a removal efficiency of over 84%,achieving an effective field capacity of 0.21 hm^(2)/h.Although the results so far have been promising,further improvements are advisable in machine and tree adaptation.
基金funded by the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province,China(2021C02038)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101370)Zhejiang provincial Ten thousand Talents Program for Leading Talents of Science and Technology Innovation(2021R52047).
文摘Soil salinisation is a major challenge to agricultural development and ecological security,which can be alleviated by the application of soil amendments.Combined application of biochar and organic fertilisers can effectively improve soil properties and mitigate the negative effect of saline soil on plant growth by increasing carbon(C),nitrogen(N),and phosphorus(P)content;however,their effects on the stoichiometric characteristics of these elements both and further impacting on plant growth are unclear.The current study compared the effects of two application rates(2.5%and 5.0%)of bone biochar(BC),humic acid(HA)and their combination(1:1)(BH)on olive seedlings(Olea europaea L.)grown in coastal saline soil.The results showed that the combination of BC and HA at the application rate of 5%(BH5.0)significantly(P<0.05)improved soil properties with increased soil porosity and decreased soil sodium(Na^(+))content compared with the control,and promoted plant growth and biomass of Olea europaea by enhancing leaf photosynthesis and the selective absorption of K+and Ca^(2+).Furthermore,these positive effects of combined application were better than those of BC and HA alone.Structural equation model showed that the amendments had a total positive effect on plant growth(β=0.834),and the stoichiometric dynamic balance of C,N and P in plants had a direct positive effect on the growth of Olea europaea(β=0.36).In short,BH treatment can promote plant growth in coastal saline soil by improving soil quality and C-N-P stoichiometric homeostasis of plants,and the effect is better than that of BC and HA single application.The results deepen our understanding of the mechanism of bone biochar and humic acid jointly improving the plant growth in coastal saline environments and provide a guide for the cultivation of olive which can be used as both coastal shelter-forest and cash crop in large areas of saline-alkali coastal land.
