As drivers age, roadway conditions may become more challenging, particularly when normal aging is coupled with cognitive decline. Driving during lower visibility conditions, such as inclement weather, is especially ch...As drivers age, roadway conditions may become more challenging, particularly when normal aging is coupled with cognitive decline. Driving during lower visibility conditions, such as inclement weather, is especially challenging for older drivers due to their sensitivity to glare and reduced visibility. As a result, older drivers may adjust their behavior during adverse weather. This paper explores the differential impacts of weather on older drivers with cognitive decline compared to older drivers with normal cognitive function. Data were from a naturalistic driving study of older drivers in Omaha, Nebraska. Driver speed and weather data were extracted and the correlation between speed compliance, road weather conditions, and the cognitive/neurological status of the drivers was examined. Speed compliance was used as the surrogate safety measure since driving at lower speeds can indicate that the driver is challenged by roadway or environmental conditions and can therefore indicate a risk. The percentage of time during a trip when drivers were 16.1 kph under the speed limit was modeled as the dependent variable using beta regression. The variables that resulted in the best fit model were mild cognitive impairment (MCI), age group, traffic density, and weather. Results indicated that the youngest group of older drivers (young-old) spent less time driving at impeding speeds and had the least variability compared to the other two age groups. The middle group of older drivers (middle-old) had the highest amount of time driving at impeding speeds and had more variability than young-old drivers. The oldest group of older drivers (old-old) were the most likely to drive at impeding speeds and had the most variability. In general, older drivers were more likely to drive at impeding speeds during peak hours than during non-peak hours. Additionally, in most cases, older drivers spent less time below the speed limit when the weather was clear than in adverse conditions. Results indicate that older drivers are impacted by weather conditions, and distinct patterns were noted between older drivers who were cognitively impaired compared to drivers with normal cognition.展开更多
Background: The number of older people is increasing. Many of them expect to maintain a rich social life and to continue driving at an older age. Objective: The present study investigates the mechanisms behind self-re...Background: The number of older people is increasing. Many of them expect to maintain a rich social life and to continue driving at an older age. Objective: The present study investigates the mechanisms behind self-regulation and driving cessation in order to suggest development of support systems to prolong older drivers’ safe mobility. Method: Three focus groups were conducted with 19 older active drivers aged 65+ who were divided according to annual mileage driven. Results: A content analysis revealed broad self-regulatory behaviour as already reported in the literature, e.g., avoiding driving at rush hour and at night. The participants also reported difficulty in finding the way to their final destination and an increasing need to plan their travelling. Co-piloting was a behaviour applied by couples to cope with difficulties encountered in traffic. A large part of the discussion was focused on emerging feelings of stress, anxiety and fear when driving in recent years, a feeling induced by external factors e.g., other road users’ behaviour, traffic density or high speed. Apart from health problems, high levels of stress could explain driving cessation, especially for women. An increased feeling of safety and comfort could be achieved by an increased use of support systems specifically designed to respond to older drivers’ needs. Conclusion: Support systems for older drivers should increase comfort and decrease their stress levels. New systems, such as co-pilot function and more developed Global Positioning System (GPS) supporting of the entire travel from door to door, should be developed to respond to the market needs.展开更多
This paper examines older driver＇s automotive trip （abbreviation： trip） characteristics which include trip frequency, trip length, destination distribution, and non- home-based （NHB） trips. A two-month experimen...This paper examines older driver＇s automotive trip （abbreviation： trip） characteristics which include trip frequency, trip length, destination distribution, and non- home-based （NHB） trips. A two-month experiment of 108 participants was carried out to collect GPS tracking data in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. To identify the effect of living area, a comparative analysis between older drivers and others is conducted in densely inhabited district （DID, i.e., urban） and other areas （non-DID, i.e., suburban, rural, etc）, separately. The present study found that there was no sig- nificant difference between the trip characteristics of older drivers and others who were living in DID. Thus, we suggest that the education of safety driving and the rec- ommendation of public transportation should be given to DID-living older drivers. However, the results of non-DID reflected that older drivers＇ trip frequency, trip length, destination, and NHB trips rate were shorter and lower than others＇. This implies that electric vehicles may be suit- able for promotion among older drivers in suburban and rural area. Furthermore, the regression analysis confirmed that ＂older driver＂ was a significant independent variable on trip frequency, trip length, and NHB trips, and there were interaction effects between ＂older driver＂ and ＂living areas＂ on all trip characteristics.展开更多
The proportions of older drivers continue to increase since baby boom generation is becoming old. The level of mobility of older drivers is also increasing. Older drivers begin to noticeably be over-involved in fatal ...The proportions of older drivers continue to increase since baby boom generation is becoming old. The level of mobility of older drivers is also increasing. Older drivers begin to noticeably be over-involved in fatal crashes. Intersections appear to be hazardous to older drivers, particularly left turn due to one or more of. sensory, perceptual, cognitive, physical and general driving knowledge deficiencies. The safety concern of older drivers is also becoming significant. Ten years of crash data has been extracted from Kansas accident report system. It has been analyzed using SAS （statistical analysis system） software. Five different age groups have been considered. Comparison has been made between different age groups of the same gender, and the same age group for different gender. Effects of light condition, weather condition, surface type, surface condition, road character and construction/maintenance zone on older drivers＇ safety have also been considered in this study. It has been found out that proportion of older drivers in through movement involved in accident decreases as age increases whereas the proportion of left turn accidents increases with age, left turn is harder for females in all age groups, and proportion of right turn accidents has no specific trend. Most of the accidents have taken place during daylight when there are no adverse weather conditions on dry surface, straight and level road, and blacktop surface type.展开更多
Older drivers and younger drivers are affected differently both in summer and winter. Different factors affect each level of severity differently;some factors </span><span><span>affect a particular l...Older drivers and younger drivers are affected differently both in summer and winter. Different factors affect each level of severity differently;some factors </span><span><span>affect a particular level of injury severity differently from when the same factor is analyzed for another injury severity. The goal of this study is to identify the </span><span>factors that contribute to injury severity among older drivers (65+) and young </span><span>drivers (16</span></span><span> </span><span>-</span><span> </span><span><span>25) considering two seasons namely, summer and winter at intersections. Binary ordered probit models were used to develop four models to identify the contributing factors, two models for each season, namely winter and summer. A statistical t-test has been done to identify the statistically </span><span>significant variables @ 90% confidence interval. Based on the developed models, </span><span>in summer, three contributing factors, driving too fast condition, rear-end crashes, and followed too close are associated with younger drivers injury severity, while two contributing factors, rear-end crashes and followed too close are associated with older drivers injury severity. In winter, five factors</span></span><span>,</span><span><span> made an improper turn, E Failed to Yield Right-of-Way from Traffic Signal, rear </span><span>end (front to rear), gender like male and lighting condition like dark and dusk</span><span> light condition</span></span><span>,</span><span> are associated with younger drivers injury severity, while three factors such as made improper turn, rear-end crashes, and followed too close are associated with older drivers injury severity. Contributing factors in summer are the same for both younger and older drivers, but different in winter for both younger and older drivers. This indicates that older drivers and younger drivers are affected differently both in summer and winter.展开更多
With the rapid global progression of population aging,the traffic safety of older drivers has emerged as a worldwide concern,resulting in a significant surge in the number of manuscripts on this subject.This study emp...With the rapid global progression of population aging,the traffic safety of older drivers has emerged as a worldwide concern,resulting in a significant surge in the number of manuscripts on this subject.This study employed scientometric analysis to scrutinize 1652 original manuscripts concerning research on older drivers.To visually depict the current state of knowledge in the field,mapping knowledge domain(MKD)was employed for scientometric analysis,shedding light on the evolution of this research area.Firstly,a statistical analysis was conducted to scrutinize the development of research on older drivers.Secondly,VOSviewer was utilized for manuscript co-citation analysis,revealing five primary research topics:cognitive function and crash risk,visual processing impairment and crash risk,potential consequences of changes in driving patterns,involvement of older drivers in crashes,as well as identifying and enhancing factors contributing to unsafe driving.Thirdly,Cit Net Explorer was applied to identify core publications and their reference relationships.Research predominantly focused on visual function,cognitive function,and physical health.Fourthly,VOSviewer's keyword cocitation analysis pinpointed research hotspots in the last five years concerning older drivers:driving risk factors,driving fitness evaluation,impact of distraction on driving,and impact of visual impairment on driving.Finally,based on the aforementioned discussions and the situation in China,some feasible research directions are proposed.This paper summarizes the overall trends in the study of older drivers and the risk factors for traffic accidents.These findings can serve as a reference for improving the driving and road traffic safety of older drivers.展开更多
With the high older-related accident ratio and increasing population aging problem, understanding older drivers＇ driving behaviors has become more and more important for building and improving transportation system. ...With the high older-related accident ratio and increasing population aging problem, understanding older drivers＇ driving behaviors has become more and more important for building and improving transportation system. This paper examines older driver＇s driving behavior which includes road selection, left/right turn and driving speed. A two-month experiment of 108 participants was carried out in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. Since apparently contradictory statements were often drawn in survey-based or simulators-based studies, this study collected not only drivers＇ basic information but also GPS data. Analysis of road selection demonstrates that older drivers are reluctant to drive on expressway not only in short trips but also in long trips. The present study did not find significant difference be- tween older drivers and others while turning at the intersections. To investigate the impact factors on driving speed, a random-effects regression model is constructed with explan- atory variables including age, gender, road types and the interaction terms between age and road types. Compared with other variables, it fails to find that age （60 years old or over） has significant impact on driving speed. Moreover, the results reflect that older drivers drive even faster than others at particular road types： national road and ordinary municipal road. The results in this study are expected to help improve transportation planning and develop driving assistance systems for older drivers.展开更多
The present study aimed to identify risk factors among older adult drivers from realistic data in order to stimulate the development of appropriate safety measures in the future.For this purpose,N=400 archived case fi...The present study aimed to identify risk factors among older adult drivers from realistic data in order to stimulate the development of appropriate safety measures in the future.For this purpose,N=400 archived case files from the driving authority in Dresden(Germany),were systematically analysed.The risk criterion was the outcome of the fitness to drive(FTD)assessment required by the authority.The results show that there are several significant risk factors(aged over 80,dementia,multi-morbidity and involvement into complex accidents)that can serve as cues for being unfit to drive.The practical measures for enhancing traffic safety are discussed.展开更多
In this study,older male drivers’stress while driving in straight links and while proceeding through intersections is investigated.Controller area network(CAN),self-reported stress(SRS),and physiological data was col...In this study,older male drivers’stress while driving in straight links and while proceeding through intersections is investigated.Controller area network(CAN),self-reported stress(SRS),and physiological data was collected in 22.4 km-long experimental trips among older and young drivers.First,this study finds that older drivers reported much less stress than young drivers.However,principal components(PCs)of the physiological data demonstrate that older drivers might underrate their driving stress in entire trips,except regarding turning at intersections.Moreover,following other vehicles reduced older drivers’driving stress because preceding vehicles might help them control driving speed,detect the path,and prevent road risks.In contrast,the similar condition increased the stress level of young drivers.The results of random effects regression models confirm that age was the significant impact factor on SRS and physiological data.While examining whether the stress at intersections could affect their driving behaviors,significant difference between two age groups was found neither in turning time nor in the driving speed.This study also confirms that physical and mental changes with aging can negatively affect older adults’behaviors.Considering the relationships among stress,speed,and accidents,we suggest the provision of more driver assistance systems,training,and education and improving intersection design for older drivers.展开更多
文摘As drivers age, roadway conditions may become more challenging, particularly when normal aging is coupled with cognitive decline. Driving during lower visibility conditions, such as inclement weather, is especially challenging for older drivers due to their sensitivity to glare and reduced visibility. As a result, older drivers may adjust their behavior during adverse weather. This paper explores the differential impacts of weather on older drivers with cognitive decline compared to older drivers with normal cognitive function. Data were from a naturalistic driving study of older drivers in Omaha, Nebraska. Driver speed and weather data were extracted and the correlation between speed compliance, road weather conditions, and the cognitive/neurological status of the drivers was examined. Speed compliance was used as the surrogate safety measure since driving at lower speeds can indicate that the driver is challenged by roadway or environmental conditions and can therefore indicate a risk. The percentage of time during a trip when drivers were 16.1 kph under the speed limit was modeled as the dependent variable using beta regression. The variables that resulted in the best fit model were mild cognitive impairment (MCI), age group, traffic density, and weather. Results indicated that the youngest group of older drivers (young-old) spent less time driving at impeding speeds and had the least variability compared to the other two age groups. The middle group of older drivers (middle-old) had the highest amount of time driving at impeding speeds and had more variability than young-old drivers. The oldest group of older drivers (old-old) were the most likely to drive at impeding speeds and had the most variability. In general, older drivers were more likely to drive at impeding speeds during peak hours than during non-peak hours. Additionally, in most cases, older drivers spent less time below the speed limit when the weather was clear than in adverse conditions. Results indicate that older drivers are impacted by weather conditions, and distinct patterns were noted between older drivers who were cognitively impaired compared to drivers with normal cognition.
基金We acknowledge SAFER,Vehicle and Traffic Safety Centre at Chalmers,Gothenburg,Sweden,for funding this researchthe participants from the pensioner or-ganisations PRO and SPF in Jönköping,Sweden.
文摘Background: The number of older people is increasing. Many of them expect to maintain a rich social life and to continue driving at an older age. Objective: The present study investigates the mechanisms behind self-regulation and driving cessation in order to suggest development of support systems to prolong older drivers’ safe mobility. Method: Three focus groups were conducted with 19 older active drivers aged 65+ who were divided according to annual mileage driven. Results: A content analysis revealed broad self-regulatory behaviour as already reported in the literature, e.g., avoiding driving at rush hour and at night. The participants also reported difficulty in finding the way to their final destination and an increasing need to plan their travelling. Co-piloting was a behaviour applied by couples to cope with difficulties encountered in traffic. A large part of the discussion was focused on emerging feelings of stress, anxiety and fear when driving in recent years, a feeling induced by external factors e.g., other road users’ behaviour, traffic density or high speed. Apart from health problems, high levels of stress could explain driving cessation, especially for women. An increased feeling of safety and comfort could be achieved by an increased use of support systems specifically designed to respond to older drivers’ needs. Conclusion: Support systems for older drivers should increase comfort and decrease their stress levels. New systems, such as co-pilot function and more developed Global Positioning System (GPS) supporting of the entire travel from door to door, should be developed to respond to the market needs.
基金partially supported by the Center of Innovation Program from Japan Science and Technology Agency, JST
文摘This paper examines older driver＇s automotive trip （abbreviation： trip） characteristics which include trip frequency, trip length, destination distribution, and non- home-based （NHB） trips. A two-month experiment of 108 participants was carried out to collect GPS tracking data in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. To identify the effect of living area, a comparative analysis between older drivers and others is conducted in densely inhabited district （DID, i.e., urban） and other areas （non-DID, i.e., suburban, rural, etc）, separately. The present study found that there was no sig- nificant difference between the trip characteristics of older drivers and others who were living in DID. Thus, we suggest that the education of safety driving and the rec- ommendation of public transportation should be given to DID-living older drivers. However, the results of non-DID reflected that older drivers＇ trip frequency, trip length, destination, and NHB trips rate were shorter and lower than others＇. This implies that electric vehicles may be suit- able for promotion among older drivers in suburban and rural area. Furthermore, the regression analysis confirmed that ＂older driver＂ was a significant independent variable on trip frequency, trip length, and NHB trips, and there were interaction effects between ＂older driver＂ and ＂living areas＂ on all trip characteristics.
文摘The proportions of older drivers continue to increase since baby boom generation is becoming old. The level of mobility of older drivers is also increasing. Older drivers begin to noticeably be over-involved in fatal crashes. Intersections appear to be hazardous to older drivers, particularly left turn due to one or more of. sensory, perceptual, cognitive, physical and general driving knowledge deficiencies. The safety concern of older drivers is also becoming significant. Ten years of crash data has been extracted from Kansas accident report system. It has been analyzed using SAS （statistical analysis system） software. Five different age groups have been considered. Comparison has been made between different age groups of the same gender, and the same age group for different gender. Effects of light condition, weather condition, surface type, surface condition, road character and construction/maintenance zone on older drivers＇ safety have also been considered in this study. It has been found out that proportion of older drivers in through movement involved in accident decreases as age increases whereas the proportion of left turn accidents increases with age, left turn is harder for females in all age groups, and proportion of right turn accidents has no specific trend. Most of the accidents have taken place during daylight when there are no adverse weather conditions on dry surface, straight and level road, and blacktop surface type.
文摘Older drivers and younger drivers are affected differently both in summer and winter. Different factors affect each level of severity differently;some factors </span><span><span>affect a particular level of injury severity differently from when the same factor is analyzed for another injury severity. The goal of this study is to identify the </span><span>factors that contribute to injury severity among older drivers (65+) and young </span><span>drivers (16</span></span><span> </span><span>-</span><span> </span><span><span>25) considering two seasons namely, summer and winter at intersections. Binary ordered probit models were used to develop four models to identify the contributing factors, two models for each season, namely winter and summer. A statistical t-test has been done to identify the statistically </span><span>significant variables @ 90% confidence interval. Based on the developed models, </span><span>in summer, three contributing factors, driving too fast condition, rear-end crashes, and followed too close are associated with younger drivers injury severity, while two contributing factors, rear-end crashes and followed too close are associated with older drivers injury severity. In winter, five factors</span></span><span>,</span><span><span> made an improper turn, E Failed to Yield Right-of-Way from Traffic Signal, rear </span><span>end (front to rear), gender like male and lighting condition like dark and dusk</span><span> light condition</span></span><span>,</span><span> are associated with younger drivers injury severity, while three factors such as made improper turn, rear-end crashes, and followed too close are associated with older drivers injury severity. Contributing factors in summer are the same for both younger and older drivers, but different in winter for both younger and older drivers. This indicates that older drivers and younger drivers are affected differently both in summer and winter.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52072012)。
文摘With the rapid global progression of population aging,the traffic safety of older drivers has emerged as a worldwide concern,resulting in a significant surge in the number of manuscripts on this subject.This study employed scientometric analysis to scrutinize 1652 original manuscripts concerning research on older drivers.To visually depict the current state of knowledge in the field,mapping knowledge domain(MKD)was employed for scientometric analysis,shedding light on the evolution of this research area.Firstly,a statistical analysis was conducted to scrutinize the development of research on older drivers.Secondly,VOSviewer was utilized for manuscript co-citation analysis,revealing five primary research topics:cognitive function and crash risk,visual processing impairment and crash risk,potential consequences of changes in driving patterns,involvement of older drivers in crashes,as well as identifying and enhancing factors contributing to unsafe driving.Thirdly,Cit Net Explorer was applied to identify core publications and their reference relationships.Research predominantly focused on visual function,cognitive function,and physical health.Fourthly,VOSviewer's keyword cocitation analysis pinpointed research hotspots in the last five years concerning older drivers:driving risk factors,driving fitness evaluation,impact of distraction on driving,and impact of visual impairment on driving.Finally,based on the aforementioned discussions and the situation in China,some feasible research directions are proposed.This paper summarizes the overall trends in the study of older drivers and the risk factors for traffic accidents.These findings can serve as a reference for improving the driving and road traffic safety of older drivers.
文摘With the high older-related accident ratio and increasing population aging problem, understanding older drivers＇ driving behaviors has become more and more important for building and improving transportation system. This paper examines older driver＇s driving behavior which includes road selection, left/right turn and driving speed. A two-month experiment of 108 participants was carried out in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. Since apparently contradictory statements were often drawn in survey-based or simulators-based studies, this study collected not only drivers＇ basic information but also GPS data. Analysis of road selection demonstrates that older drivers are reluctant to drive on expressway not only in short trips but also in long trips. The present study did not find significant difference be- tween older drivers and others while turning at the intersections. To investigate the impact factors on driving speed, a random-effects regression model is constructed with explan- atory variables including age, gender, road types and the interaction terms between age and road types. Compared with other variables, it fails to find that age （60 years old or over） has significant impact on driving speed. Moreover, the results reflect that older drivers drive even faster than others at particular road types： national road and ordinary municipal road. The results in this study are expected to help improve transportation planning and develop driving assistance systems for older drivers.
文摘The present study aimed to identify risk factors among older adult drivers from realistic data in order to stimulate the development of appropriate safety measures in the future.For this purpose,N=400 archived case files from the driving authority in Dresden(Germany),were systematically analysed.The risk criterion was the outcome of the fitness to drive(FTD)assessment required by the authority.The results show that there are several significant risk factors(aged over 80,dementia,multi-morbidity and involvement into complex accidents)that can serve as cues for being unfit to drive.The practical measures for enhancing traffic safety are discussed.
基金the Committee on Advanced Road Technology(CART),Ministry of Land,Infrastructure,Transport,and Tourism,Japan(Development of Evaluation Method of Mobility Space for the Next-generation Mobility Society,No.26-1)。
文摘In this study,older male drivers’stress while driving in straight links and while proceeding through intersections is investigated.Controller area network(CAN),self-reported stress(SRS),and physiological data was collected in 22.4 km-long experimental trips among older and young drivers.First,this study finds that older drivers reported much less stress than young drivers.However,principal components(PCs)of the physiological data demonstrate that older drivers might underrate their driving stress in entire trips,except regarding turning at intersections.Moreover,following other vehicles reduced older drivers’driving stress because preceding vehicles might help them control driving speed,detect the path,and prevent road risks.In contrast,the similar condition increased the stress level of young drivers.The results of random effects regression models confirm that age was the significant impact factor on SRS and physiological data.While examining whether the stress at intersections could affect their driving behaviors,significant difference between two age groups was found neither in turning time nor in the driving speed.This study also confirms that physical and mental changes with aging can negatively affect older adults’behaviors.Considering the relationships among stress,speed,and accidents,we suggest the provision of more driver assistance systems,training,and education and improving intersection design for older drivers.
