The Neogene Shawan Formation in the Chepaizi Uplift of the Junggar Basin(NW China)has obtained high oil flow,demonstrating a good potential for oil and gas exploration.The multi-source hydrocarbon generation backgroun...The Neogene Shawan Formation in the Chepaizi Uplift of the Junggar Basin(NW China)has obtained high oil flow,demonstrating a good potential for oil and gas exploration.The multi-source hydrocarbon generation background and strong tectonic activity have led to the simultaneous production of heavy oil and light oil from multi-layer in the area,which makes it very difficult to identify oil origins,presently,the hot debate on the oil origins needs to be clarified.In this paper,due to the selective consumption of different types of compounds in crude oils by severe and intense biodegradation,the commonly used oilsource correlation tools are ineffective or may produce misleading results,this study adopted a biomarker recovery method based on the principle of mass conservation that uses the sum of the mass of the residual biomarkers and their corresponding biodegradation products to obtain the mass of the original biomarkers,improving the reliability of oil origins determination.Based on the nature and occurrence of crude oils,the investigated oils are subdivided into three types,Group A,Group B and Group C.Group A,light oils occurred mainly in lower structure Neogene Shawan Formation in the western Chepaizi Uplift,while Group B,heavy oils occurred mainly in higher structure Neogene Shawan Formation in the western Chepaizi Uplift.The two types of crude oils may come from the mixed source of Jurassic Badaowan Formation source rocks(J_(1)b)and Paleogene Anjihaihe Formation source rocks(E_(2-3)a)in the Sikeshu Sag,and Jurassic Badaowan Formation source rocks(J_(1)b)are the main source of crude oils.Group C,heavy oils occurred mainly in Neogene Shawan Formation in the eastern Chepaizi Uplift,showing good correlation with the Permian(P_(1)f and P_(2)w)source rocks in the Shawan Sag.At the same time,by combining stable carbon isotope and parameters related to triaromatic steroids,the accuracy of the oilsource correlation results by biomarker recovery method was further verified.展开更多
Environmental pollution,energy consumption,and greenhouse gas emissions are critical global issues.To address these challenges,optimizing skimmer coatings is a major step in commercializing cleaning oil stains.This re...Environmental pollution,energy consumption,and greenhouse gas emissions are critical global issues.To address these challenges,optimizing skimmer coatings is a major step in commercializing cleaning oil stains.This research presents a novel approach to creating and refining oil absorbent coatings,introducing a unique oil spill removal skimmer enhanced with a super hydrophobic polyaniline(PANI)nanofiber coating.The goal of this study was to improve oil absorption performance,increase the contact angle,lower drag,reduce energy consumption,achieve high desirability,and lower production costs.PANI treated with hydrochloric acid was a key focus as it resulted in higher porosity and smaller pore diameters,providing a larger surface area,which are crucial factors for boosting oil absorption and minimizing drag.To optimize optimal nanofiber morphology,PANI synthesized with methanesulfonic acid was first dedoped and then redoped with hydrochloric acid.After optimization,the most effective skimmer coating was achieved using a formulation consisting of 0.1%PANI,an ammonium persulfate/aniline ratio of 0.4,and an acid/aniline ratio of 9.689,along with redoped PANI nanofibers.The optimized skimmer exhibited a remarkable contact angle of 177.477°.The coating achieved drag reduction of 32%,oil absorption of 88.725%,a cost of$1.710,and a desirability rating of 78.5%.In this study,an optimized skimmer coat containing super hydrophobic coat-PANI nanofibers was fabricated.By enhancing contact angle and reducing drag,these coatings increased the skimmer performance by improving oil absorption and reducing fuel consumption.展开更多
Based on the analysis of typical lacustrine shale oil zones in China and their geological characteristics,this study elucidates the fundamental differences between the enrichment patterns of shale oil sweet spots and ...Based on the analysis of typical lacustrine shale oil zones in China and their geological characteristics,this study elucidates the fundamental differences between the enrichment patterns of shale oil sweet spots and conventional oil and gas.The key parameters and evaluation methods for assessing the large-scale production potential of lacustrine shale oil are proposed.The results show that shale oil is a petroleum resource that exists in organic-rich shale formations,in other words,it is preserved in its source bed,following a different process of generation-accumulation-enrichment from conventional oil and gas.Thus,the concept of“reservoir”seems to be inapplicable to shale oil.In China,lacustrine shale oil is distributed widely,but the geological characteristics and sweet spots enrichment patterns of shale oil vary significantly in lacustrine basins where the water environment and the tectonic evolution and diagenetic transformation frameworks are distinct.The core of the evaluation of lacustrine shale oil is“sweet spot volume”.The key factors for evaluating the large-scale production of continental shale oil are the oil storage capacity,oil-bearing capacity and oil producing capacity.The key parameters for evaluating these capacities are total porosity,oil content,and free oil content,respectively.It is recommended to determine the total porosity of shale by combining helium porosity measurement with nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)method,the oil content of key layers by using organic solvent extraction,NMR method and high pressure mercury intrusion methods,and the free oil content by using NMR fluid distribution secondary spectral stripping decomposition and logging.The research results contribute supplemental insights on continental shale oil deliverability in China,and provide a scientific basis for the rapid exploration and large-scale production of lacustrine shale oil.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the effects of shortening the duration of silicone oil tamponade on retinal structure and function in patients undergoing silicone oil removal(SOR)after surgery for primary rhegmatogenous retinal de...AIM:To investigate the effects of shortening the duration of silicone oil tamponade on retinal structure and function in patients undergoing silicone oil removal(SOR)after surgery for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD).METHODS:A total of 58 eligible patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to two groups based on tamponade duration:the short-term group(30-45d)and the conventional group(≥90d).Comprehensive evaluations were performed before and after SOR,including slitlamp examination,best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)measurement,intraocular pressure(IOP)testing,optical coherence tomography(OCT),optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA),microperimetry,electroretinography(ERG),and visual evoked potential(VEP)assessment.RESULTS:A total of 33 patients(23 males and 10 females;33 eyes)were enrolled in the short-term SO tamponade group with mean age of 52.45±9.35y,and 25 patients(15 males and 10 females;25 eyes)were enrolled in the conventional SO tamponade group with mean age of 50.80±12.06y.Compared with the conventional group,the short-term silicone oil tamponade group had a significantly lower incidence of silicone oil emulsification and cataract progression,with no significant difference in retinal reattachment success rate.Structurally,short-term tamponade was associated with increased thickness of the retinal ganglion cell layer(RGCL)in the nasal and superior macular regions and improved recovery of superficial retinal vascular density in these areas.Functionally,the shortterm group showed better BCVA and retinal sensitivity both before and 1mo after SOR;additionally,the P100 amplitude in VEP tests was significantly increased in this group.CONCLUSION:Shortening the duration of silicone oil tamponade effectively reduces damage to retinal structure and function without compromising the success rate of retinal reattachment in patients with primary RRD.展开更多
Plant oils are increasingly sought after as sustainable sources of bioenergy for biodiesel production and high-value biochemicals.Although oilseed crops currently serve as the primary source of plant oils,meeting the ...Plant oils are increasingly sought after as sustainable sources of bioenergy for biodiesel production and high-value biochemicals.Although oilseed crops currently serve as the primary source of plant oils,meeting the rising global demand on limited arable land,without compromising food security,remains a major challenge.Therefore,metabolic engineering of high-biomass bioenergy feedstocks has been widely explored to enhance the conversion of carbon stored in vegetative tissues into energy-dense triacylglycerol(TAG).Significant progress has been made in boosting TAG accumulation in the vegetative tissues of various plant species through bioengineering strategies.These efforts span from single-gene modifications to the coordinated expression of key lipogenic factors such as WRI1,DGAT1/2,and OLE1.The resulting fatty acid and TAG profiles,however,often vary depending on the targeted plant species and promoter(s)used.This review summarizes the roles of essential lipogenic factors in plant oil biosynthesis and highlights recent advances in metabolic engineering across diverse crop species through combinatorial expression of these factors.We also discuss future strategies for achieving high-level oil production without incurring growth penalties.By offering new perspectives on metabolic engineering,this work aims to support the development of plants as efficient biofuel feedstocks,contributing to the global effort to address energy challenges.展开更多
In this study,thyme essential oil(TEO)nanoemulsion(tPTNs)was constructed with transglutaminase(TGase)-modified potato protein,and its antibacterial activity and mechanism of action were evaluated and explored.Results ...In this study,thyme essential oil(TEO)nanoemulsion(tPTNs)was constructed with transglutaminase(TGase)-modified potato protein,and its antibacterial activity and mechanism of action were evaluated and explored.Results indicated that tPTNs exhibited great antibacterial activity against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli,with minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)of 2.5 and 5.0 mg/mL,respectively.Also,the antibacterial effects of tPTNs were concentration-dependent.We observed a significant decrease in the absolute value of the zeta potential,and significant increases in particle size,cell membrane hydrophobicity,conductivity,the release of metal ions,and the leakage of nucleic acid as the concentration of tPTNs increased from 0 mg/mL to MBC.Furthermore,sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE)demonstrated that protein synthesis was inhibited or even disrupted.Analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)indicated that treatment with tPTNs caused significant changes in bacterial metabolites,1117 and 692 differential metabolites being found for S.aureus and E.coli,respectively.The differential metabolites were involved in nucleotide metabolism,amino acid metabolism,tricarboxylic acid cycle and other metabolic pathways.These findings provide valuable insights for the application of thyme essential oil as an efficient antibacterial agent and for the understanding of its mechanism of action.展开更多
Drought,as the most catastrophic abiotic stress,poses a significant threat to the growth and development of plants.Among the mechanisms employed by plants to cope with drought-induced stress,abscisic acid(ABA)which is...Drought,as the most catastrophic abiotic stress,poses a significant threat to the growth and development of plants.Among the mechanisms employed by plants to cope with drought-induced stress,abscisic acid(ABA)which is the sesquiterpene hormone,occupies a pivotal role.A hypothesis has emerged that the exogenous application of ABA can positively influence the terpenoid content of Lavandula angustifolia cv Hidcote essential oil(EO),thereby conferring enhanced resilience to drought stress.A randomized complete block design experiment was conducted with three replicationsandfour irrigation regimes,including I4[30%-40%of field capacity(FC)],I3(50%-60%FC),I2(70%-80%FC),andI1(90%-100%FC)as control.Application of ABAspraying included three concentrations,A3(30μmol·L^(-1)ABA),A2(15μmol·L^(-1)ABA),and A1 as control(distilled water).Results revealed that drought significantly affected all studied traits except for relative water content(RWC)and shoot dry mass.The ABA impact application on the observed traits was found to be dependent upon the level of drought to which the plants were exposed.Specifically,the highest levels of flavonoid content,total antioxidant activity,peroxidase(POX)activity,and EO percentage were observed under I4A2 conditions.Conversely,the highest levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)activity,and proline were recorded under I4A3 conditions,while the highest EO yield was obtained under I3A2 conditions.Analysis of the EO revealed that there were common indicative compounds across the varying levels of droughtandABAapplication,including linalool,camphor,borneol,bornyl formate,andcaryophyllene oxide.Theproduction pattern ofmonoterpene and sesquiterpene compounds demonstrated a distinct trend,with the highest concentration of monoterpene hydrocarbon compounds(average of 12.92%)being observed in the I2A3 treatment group,andthe highest concentration of oxygenatedmonoterpenecompounds(average of 64.76%)being recorded in the I1A1 group.Conversely,the most significant levels of sesquiterpene hydrocarboncompounds(14.98%)andoxygenated sesquiterpene compounds(10.46%)were observed in the I4A3 and I4A1 groups,respectively,showing the efficacy of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes from the action of ABA under drought conditions.The observed results indicated that the concentration of oxygenated monoterpene compounds decreases with an increase in drought level.Conversely,the application of ABA at any given drought level appears to resulted in increased concentrations of oxygenated monoterpene compounds in the same conditions.It may be concluded that plants under high-stress drought conditions allocate more terpene precursors to the production of sesquiterpene hydrocarbon compounds,aided by ABA with the same properties.展开更多
Krill oil is effective in reducing blood lipid levels,particularly in individuals with severe hyperlipidemia.However,poor water insolubility and stability limited its usage.This study investigated a method for encapsu...Krill oil is effective in reducing blood lipid levels,particularly in individuals with severe hyperlipidemia.However,poor water insolubility and stability limited its usage.This study investigated a method for encapsulating Antarctic krill oil using alginate(ALG)and gelatin(GLN)to enhance its stability and bioactivity.The encapsulation efficiency,functional group integrity,swelling rate,and lipid-lowering activity were assessed.Results indicated that the optimal encapsulation conditions were identified with an ALG:GLN ratio of 2:1(m/m),coagulation bath of 9%CaCl_(2),and a nozzle size of 750μm,resulting in 69.34%encapsulation efficiency.Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed successful encapsulation.The ALG-GLN shell materials enriched astaxanthin in krill oil and protected it from harsh gastric conditions,enabling targeted intestinal release.In a high-fat diet-induced rat model,krill oil microcapsules significantly reduced triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol(TC),and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C)levels while increasing high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C)levels compared to unencapsulated krill oil.Additionally,the microcapsules elevated nitric oxide(NO)levels,enhanced superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity,and reduced malondialdehyde(MDA)levels,liver and perirenal fat weight.Therefore,encapsulating Antarctic krill oil in alginate-gelatin hydrogel offers a promising strategy for managing hyperlipidemia and associated metabolic disorders.展开更多
Lodging is a major constraint limiting oil flax production efficiency in northern China.Crop lodging susceptibility is closely related to stem lignin content,and the regulatory mechanisms by which nitrogen and potassi...Lodging is a major constraint limiting oil flax production efficiency in northern China.Crop lodging susceptibility is closely related to stem lignin content,and the regulatory mechanisms by which nitrogen and potassium fertilization interactively influence lignin biosynthesis in oil flax stems require further investigation.Therefore,this study aimed to enhance lodging resistance and increase grain yield in oil flax.We examined the interactive effects of different nitrogen (75,150,and 225 kg N ha^(–1)) and potassium (60 and 90 kg K_(2)O ha^(–1)) fertilizer rates on lignin metabolism,lodging resistance,and grain yield during the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons.Results indicated that nitrogen and potassium fertilizer levels and their interactions promoted lignin accumulation,improved lodging resistance,and increased grain yield.Compared to the control (CK),the75–150 kg N ha^(–1) combined with 60 kg K_(2)O ha^(–1) treatments significantly enhanced the activities of key lignin-synthesizing enzymes (tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL),phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL),cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD),and peroxidase (POD)) and upregulated the expression of 4CL1 and F5H3 genes,leading to a 29.63–43.30%increase in lignin content,improved stem bending strength and lodging resistance index,and a 23.27–32.34%increase in grain yield.Correlation analysis revealed that nitrogen and potassium fertilizers positively regulated enzyme activities and gene expression related to lignin biosynthesis,thereby facilitating lignin accumulation and enhancing stem mechanical strength and lodging resistance.Positive correlations were observed among lignin-related enzyme activities,gene expression,lodging resistance traits,and grain yield.In summary,the application of 75–150 kg N ha^(–1) in conjunction with 60 kg K_(2)O ha^(–1)promoted lignin biosynthesis and accumulation,enhanced lodging resistance,and increased grain yield in oil flax grown in the dryland farming region of central Gansu,China.Furthermore,this treatment provides a technical basis for cultivating stress-tolerant and high-yield oil flax in arid regions.展开更多
Aims&Scope Grain&Oil Science and Technology(GOST),quarterly,is a peer-reviewed Open Access(OA)journal with distinctive features in the field of grain and oil food research.Upon acceptance all articles are perm...Aims&Scope Grain&Oil Science and Technology(GOST),quarterly,is a peer-reviewed Open Access(OA)journal with distinctive features in the field of grain and oil food research.Upon acceptance all articles are permanently and freely available on ScienceDirect.GOST publishes original research papers and relevant review articles focusing on grain and oil food science and technology.The journal primarily covers new achievements,advanced technologies,and research progress in key areas such as grain and oil food engineering,food science,and food safety.It is dedicated to building an international academic exchange platform for grain and oil food science and technology that spans the entire chain from post-harvest grain handling to food consumption.展开更多
Arc faults within the transformers can generate sudden pressure surges,constituting significant hazards that may precipitate oil tank explosions and severely compromise power system stability.Conventional power−freque...Arc faults within the transformers can generate sudden pressure surges,constituting significant hazards that may precipitate oil tank explosions and severely compromise power system stability.Conventional power−frequency arc discharge experiments encounter limitations in isolating pressure wave characteristics due to persistent gas generation and arc reignition.To circumvent these challenges,an oil-immersed impulse voltage discharge platform was conceived and engineered to investigate pressure wave propagation dynamics.A pressure numerical simulation model and theoretical model of oil−solid interface reflection and refraction were subsequently established to elucidate the pressure propagation mechanism.The experimental and simulation results show that the pressure wave generated by pulsed arc discharge in oil propagates radially in the form of spherical waves.Due to the viscous loss and wave front expansion of transformer oil,the peak pressure decays exponentially with distance,with a decay coefficientβ=1.15.When pressure waves encounter metal obstacles inside transformer oil,there are two propagation paths:direct transmission through and multiple reflections through,and a mode transformation of pressure waves occurs at the oil−solid interface,mainly propagating through obstacles in the form of transverse waves.This work quantitatively delineates the energy pressure wave coupling,propagation dynamics,and attenuation mechanisms,providing critical insights for assessing and mitigating arc fault-induced transformer explosion risks.展开更多
Previous studies have shown that the Eocene oil shale sequences in the Green River Basin contain long-period astronomical age information.The fine-scale chronological characteristics of the oil shale laminae remain la...Previous studies have shown that the Eocene oil shale sequences in the Green River Basin contain long-period astronomical age information.The fine-scale chronological characteristics of the oil shale laminae remain largely unexplored.We selected finely laminated oil shales formed in deep-water environments characterized by stable water column stratification as the primary focus of this study,using microscopy and micro-area X-ray fluorescence(μ-XRF)techniques.By integrating high-resolution elemental data with timeseries analysis,we identified significant periodic signals associated with solar activity(Hale and Schwabe cycles)and ENSO.The results indicate that the alternations of light and dark laminae in the Green River Formation oil shale correspond to alternating dry and wet climate regimes:the light laminae are dominated by carbonate minerals,reflecting drier and milder conditions,while the dark laminae are enriched in terrigenous clastics and organic matter,indicating periods of increased precipitation and warmer temperatures.The detected periodicities(23.5 years,13.3 years and 5.8 years)are highly consistent with modern observations,demonstrating that the lower Eocene Green River oil shale effectively records short-term solar activity and climate variability.Furthermore,our findings confirm that a persistent"permanent El Niño"state did not develop under Early Eocene greenhouse conditions,providing a refined chronological framework for highresolution paleoclimate studies during greenhouse intervals.展开更多
Triacylglycerol(TAG)components in human milk,infant formulas with different fat sources,and plant oils(palm oil,flaxseed oil,sunflower oil,corn oil,soybean oil,coconut oil,low erucic acid rapeseed oil,and high oleic a...Triacylglycerol(TAG)components in human milk,infant formulas with different fat sources,and plant oils(palm oil,flaxseed oil,sunflower oil,corn oil,soybean oil,coconut oil,low erucic acid rapeseed oil,and high oleic acid rapeseed oil)were analyzed and compared using ultraperformance supercritical fluid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPSFC-Q-TOF-MS).Distinct TAG profiles were identified by lipidomics,principal component analysis(PCA),and heatmap visualization.Human milk was characterized by a high abundance of medium-and long-chain triacylglycerols(MLCTs),saturated-unsaturated-unsaturated(SUU)-type TAGs(sn-2 palmitic acid).In contrast,plant oils lacked MLCTs and SUU-type TAGs,containing mainly TAGs esterified long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid.Breast milk contains about 27%MLCT,about 50%SUU-type triacylglycerols(which contain about 34%UPU-type triacylglycerols),which is significantly different from plant oils,structured fats and infant formulas.These findings provide a clear basis for optimizing the fat blend in infant formula to better mimic the unique TAG profile of human milk,thereby improving energy delivery and nutrient absorption for infants.展开更多
To clarify fluid flow mechanisms and establish effective development conditions in continental shale oil reservoirs,a high-temperature,high-pressure steady-state flow system integrated with nuclear magnetic resonance(...To clarify fluid flow mechanisms and establish effective development conditions in continental shale oil reservoirs,a high-temperature,high-pressure steady-state flow system integrated with nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)technology has been developed.The apparatus combines sample evacuation,rapid pressurization and saturation,and controlled displacement,enabling systematic investigation of single-phase shale oil flow under representative reservoir conditions.Related experiments allow proper quantification of the activation thresholds and relative contributions of different pore types to flow.A movable fluid index(MFI),defined using dual T_(2) cutoff values,is introduced accordingly and linked to key flow parameters.The results reveal distinct multi-scale characteristics of single-phase shale oil transport,namely micro-scale graded displacement and macro-scale segmented nonlinear behavior.As the injection-production pressure difference increases,flow pathways are activated progressively,beginning with fractures,followed by large and then smaller macropores,leading to a pronounced enhancement in apparent permeability.Although mesopores and micropores contribute little to direct flow,their indirect influence becomes increasingly important,and apparent permeability gradually approaches a stable limit at higher pressure difference.It is also shown that the MFI exhibits a strong negative correlation with the starting pressure gradient and a positive correlation with apparent permeability,providing a rapid and reliable indicator of shale oil flow capacity.Samples containing through-going fractures display consistently higher MFI values and superior flowability compared with those dominated by laminated fractures,highlighting the pivotal role of well-connected fracture networks generated by large-scale hydraulic fracturing in improving shale oil production.展开更多
Background:Diabetic foot,a severe complication of diabetes,is characterized by chronic refractory wounds.Sanhuang Oil,a topical herbal formula,demonstrates significant therapeutic effects including antibacterial,anti-...Background:Diabetic foot,a severe complication of diabetes,is characterized by chronic refractory wounds.Sanhuang Oil,a topical herbal formula,demonstrates significant therapeutic effects including antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,and immunomodulatory activities.However,its active constituents and mechanisms of action against diabetic foot remain to be elucidated.Methods:In this study,the chemical constituents of Sanhuang Oil were identified using UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS.Subsequently,the mechanism by which Sanhuang Oil promotes diabetic foot ulcer healing was predicted by integrating network pharmacology and molecular docking.Additionally,diabetic mouse model was established in ICR mice using a combination of a high-fat diet(HFD)and streptozotocin(STZ)chemical induction.A full-thickness skin defect was created on the dorsum of the mice.Wound healing and the healing rate were observed following Sanhuang Oil intervention.The mechanism underlying Sanhuang Oil’s promotion of diabetic ulcer healing was further investigated using transcriptomics and histopathological examination(H&E staining).Results:A total of 97 active ingredients were identified from Sanhuang Oil.Network pharmacology analysis predicted 543 common targets,and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis identified 203 relevant pathways.Molecular docking further confirmed high binding affinity(binding energy≤−5.0 kcal/mol)between specific active components in Sanhuang Oil(e.g.,coptisine,phellodendrine,baicalein)and key targets associated with diabetic foot ulcers(e.g.,EGFR,AKT1,STAT3).In vivo experimental results demonstrated that the wound healing rate was significantly higher in Sanhuang Oil-treated groups compared to the model group(P<0.001).HE staining revealed that the high-dose Sanhuang Oil group exhibited more pronounced epithelial tissue coverage over the wound,reduced inflammatory cell infiltration,and increased collagen deposition and fibroblast proliferation.transcriptomic analysis identified Pdk4,Ttn,Csrp3,Actn2,Myoz2,Tnnc2,Myod1,Myog,Myot,and Myf6 as key regulatory proteins involved in promoting wound healing.Conclusion:Sanhuang Oil promotes wound healing in diabetic ulcer mice,potentially by mitigating inflammation and regulating key targets such as Pdk4 to enhance fibroblast function.These findings provide novel insights into the multi-target,multi-pathway mechanism of Sanhuang Oil for treating diabetic foot ulcers.展开更多
The utilisation of waste in green sustainable technology can provide a clean environment and support energy demand.This work aims to design and analyse the performance of a developed indirect flat-plate Solar Air Heat...The utilisation of waste in green sustainable technology can provide a clean environment and support energy demand.This work aims to design and analyse the performance of a developed indirect flat-plate Solar Air Heater(SAH)integrated with an internal thermal storage unit using Waste Automotive Oil(WAO).The SAH was designed based on the circulation of confined air around the internal thermal storage unit due to the updraft effects of hot air.Two SAHs were tested to compare the performance of WAO and water,with the results being compared to previous work that utilised phase change material.Results showed that WAO responds faster in the early stage,while water has slightly higher daytime efficiency,with a maximum temperature of 60℃,while WAO reached a maximum temperature of 76℃.During the discharge cycle,WAO achieved an efficiency of 65.7%,while the water’s efficiency 73.2% within the same period.The highest outlet air temperatures recorded were 43℃ for WAO and 33.8℃ for water.These findings support that water is suitable for applications requiring rapid thermal charging,while WAO offers extended thermal stability.The study highlights the feasibility of using low-cost materials,such as WAO and water,to enhance the performance of solar energy systems,thereby making them more viable for industrial applications like drying and heating.展开更多
With the efficient and intelligent development of computer-based big data processing,applying machine learning methods to the processing and interpretation of logging data in the field of geophysical well logging has ...With the efficient and intelligent development of computer-based big data processing,applying machine learning methods to the processing and interpretation of logging data in the field of geophysical well logging has broad potential for improving production efficiency.Currently,the Jiyuan Oilfield in the Ordos Basin relies mainly on manual reprocessing and interpretation of old well logging data to identify different fluid types in low-contrast reservoirs,guiding subsequent production work.This study uses well logging data from the Chang 1 reservoir,partitioning the dataset based on individual wells for model training and testing.A deep learning model for intelligent reservoir fluid identification was constructed by incorporating the focal loss function.Comparative validations with five other models,including logistic regression(LR),naive Bayes(NB),gradient boosting decision trees(GBDT),random forest(RF),and support vector machine(SVM),show that this model demonstrates superior identification performance and significantly improves the accuracy of identifying oil-bearing fluids.Mutual information analysis reveals the model's differential dependency on various logging parameters for reservoir fluid identification.This model provides important references and a basis for conducting regional studies and revisiting old wells,demonstrating practical value that can be widely applied.展开更多
The depletion of conventional oil and gas resources has driven increased exploration of unconventional reservoirs,such as shale oil,which is considered a critical resource to meet global energy demands(Gross and Eyal,...The depletion of conventional oil and gas resources has driven increased exploration of unconventional reservoirs,such as shale oil,which is considered a critical resource to meet global energy demands(Gross and Eyal,2007).Shale reservoirs,characterized by low porosity and permeability,pose unique challenges for hydrocarbon extraction.Advanced techniques like hydraulic fracturing are essential for their development.展开更多
The global energy demand is increasing rapidly,and it is imperative to develop shale hydrocarbon re-sources vigorously.The prerequisite for enhancing the exploitation efficiency of shale reservoirs is the systematic e...The global energy demand is increasing rapidly,and it is imperative to develop shale hydrocarbon re-sources vigorously.The prerequisite for enhancing the exploitation efficiency of shale reservoirs is the systematic elucidation of the occurrence characteristics,flow behavior,and enhanced oil recovery(EOR)mechanisms of shale oil within commonly developed nanopores.Molecular dynamics(MD)technique can simulate the occurrence,flow,and extraction processes of shale oil at the nanoscale,and then quantitatively characterize various fluid properties,flow characteristics,and action mechanisms under different reservoir conditions by calculating and analyzing a series of MD parameters.However,the existing review on the application of MD simulation in shale oil reservoirs is not systematic enough and lacks a summary of technical challenges and solutions.Therefore,recent MD studies on shale oil res-ervoirs were summarized and analyzed.Firstly,the applicability of force fields and ensembles of MD in shale reservoirs with different reservoir conditions and fluid properties was discussed.Subsequently,the calculation methods and application examples of MD parameters characterizing various properties of fluids at the microscale were summarized.Then,the application of MD simulation in the study of shale oil occurrence characteristics,flow behavior,and EOR mechanisms was reviewed,along with the elucidation of corresponding micro-mechanisms.Moreover,influencing factors of pore structure,wall properties,reservoir conditions,fluid components,injection/production parameters,formation water,and inorganic salt ions were analyzed,and some new conclusions were obtained.Finally,the main challenges associated with the application of MD simulations to shale oil reservoirs were discussed,and reasonable prospects for future MD research directions were proposed.The purpose of this review is to provide theoretical basis and methodological support for applying MD simulation to study shale oil reservoirs.展开更多
Extensive research has been conducted on remaining oil in the Daqing Oilfield during high water cuts’late stage,but few studies have offered multi-level analyses from both macro and micro perspectives for remaining o...Extensive research has been conducted on remaining oil in the Daqing Oilfield during high water cuts’late stage,but few studies have offered multi-level analyses from both macro and micro perspectives for remaining oil under varying formation conditions and displacement methods.This article focuses on the remaining oil in the S,P,and G reservoirs of Daqing Oilfield by employing the frozen section analysis method on the cores from the S,P,and G oil layers.The research identifies patterns among them,revealing that the Micro Remaining Oil types in these cores primarily include pore surface thin film,corner,throat,cluster,intergranular adsorption,and particle adsorption.Among these,intergranular adsorption contains the highest amount of remaining oil(the highest proportion reaches 60%)and serves as the main target for development potential.The overall distribution pattern of the Micro Remaining Oil in the S,P,and G oil layers shows that as flooding intensity increases,the amount of free-state remaining oil gradually decreases,while bound-state remaining oil gradually increases.The study also examines eight typical coring wells for macroscopic remaining oil,finding four main types in the reservoir:interlayer difference,interlayer loss,interlayer interference,and injection-production imperfect types.Among these,the injection-production imperfect type has the highest remaining oil content and is the primary target for development potential.Analyzing the reservoir utilization status and oil flooding efficiency reveals that as water flooding intensifies,the oil displacement efficiency of the oil layer gradually decreases,while the efficiency of oil layer displacement improves.Strongly flooded cores exhibit less free-state remaining oil than weakly flooded cores,making displacement more challenging.This study aims to provide a foundation and support for the development of remaining oil in the S,P,and G oil layers.展开更多
基金co-funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42372160,42072172)。
文摘The Neogene Shawan Formation in the Chepaizi Uplift of the Junggar Basin(NW China)has obtained high oil flow,demonstrating a good potential for oil and gas exploration.The multi-source hydrocarbon generation background and strong tectonic activity have led to the simultaneous production of heavy oil and light oil from multi-layer in the area,which makes it very difficult to identify oil origins,presently,the hot debate on the oil origins needs to be clarified.In this paper,due to the selective consumption of different types of compounds in crude oils by severe and intense biodegradation,the commonly used oilsource correlation tools are ineffective or may produce misleading results,this study adopted a biomarker recovery method based on the principle of mass conservation that uses the sum of the mass of the residual biomarkers and their corresponding biodegradation products to obtain the mass of the original biomarkers,improving the reliability of oil origins determination.Based on the nature and occurrence of crude oils,the investigated oils are subdivided into three types,Group A,Group B and Group C.Group A,light oils occurred mainly in lower structure Neogene Shawan Formation in the western Chepaizi Uplift,while Group B,heavy oils occurred mainly in higher structure Neogene Shawan Formation in the western Chepaizi Uplift.The two types of crude oils may come from the mixed source of Jurassic Badaowan Formation source rocks(J_(1)b)and Paleogene Anjihaihe Formation source rocks(E_(2-3)a)in the Sikeshu Sag,and Jurassic Badaowan Formation source rocks(J_(1)b)are the main source of crude oils.Group C,heavy oils occurred mainly in Neogene Shawan Formation in the eastern Chepaizi Uplift,showing good correlation with the Permian(P_(1)f and P_(2)w)source rocks in the Shawan Sag.At the same time,by combining stable carbon isotope and parameters related to triaromatic steroids,the accuracy of the oilsource correlation results by biomarker recovery method was further verified.
文摘Environmental pollution,energy consumption,and greenhouse gas emissions are critical global issues.To address these challenges,optimizing skimmer coatings is a major step in commercializing cleaning oil stains.This research presents a novel approach to creating and refining oil absorbent coatings,introducing a unique oil spill removal skimmer enhanced with a super hydrophobic polyaniline(PANI)nanofiber coating.The goal of this study was to improve oil absorption performance,increase the contact angle,lower drag,reduce energy consumption,achieve high desirability,and lower production costs.PANI treated with hydrochloric acid was a key focus as it resulted in higher porosity and smaller pore diameters,providing a larger surface area,which are crucial factors for boosting oil absorption and minimizing drag.To optimize optimal nanofiber morphology,PANI synthesized with methanesulfonic acid was first dedoped and then redoped with hydrochloric acid.After optimization,the most effective skimmer coating was achieved using a formulation consisting of 0.1%PANI,an ammonium persulfate/aniline ratio of 0.4,and an acid/aniline ratio of 9.689,along with redoped PANI nanofibers.The optimized skimmer exhibited a remarkable contact angle of 177.477°.The coating achieved drag reduction of 32%,oil absorption of 88.725%,a cost of$1.710,and a desirability rating of 78.5%.In this study,an optimized skimmer coat containing super hydrophobic coat-PANI nanofibers was fabricated.By enhancing contact angle and reducing drag,these coatings increased the skimmer performance by improving oil absorption and reducing fuel consumption.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFE0114000)Science and Technology Project of China National Petroleum Corporation(2024DJ8702).
文摘Based on the analysis of typical lacustrine shale oil zones in China and their geological characteristics,this study elucidates the fundamental differences between the enrichment patterns of shale oil sweet spots and conventional oil and gas.The key parameters and evaluation methods for assessing the large-scale production potential of lacustrine shale oil are proposed.The results show that shale oil is a petroleum resource that exists in organic-rich shale formations,in other words,it is preserved in its source bed,following a different process of generation-accumulation-enrichment from conventional oil and gas.Thus,the concept of“reservoir”seems to be inapplicable to shale oil.In China,lacustrine shale oil is distributed widely,but the geological characteristics and sweet spots enrichment patterns of shale oil vary significantly in lacustrine basins where the water environment and the tectonic evolution and diagenetic transformation frameworks are distinct.The core of the evaluation of lacustrine shale oil is“sweet spot volume”.The key factors for evaluating the large-scale production of continental shale oil are the oil storage capacity,oil-bearing capacity and oil producing capacity.The key parameters for evaluating these capacities are total porosity,oil content,and free oil content,respectively.It is recommended to determine the total porosity of shale by combining helium porosity measurement with nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)method,the oil content of key layers by using organic solvent extraction,NMR method and high pressure mercury intrusion methods,and the free oil content by using NMR fluid distribution secondary spectral stripping decomposition and logging.The research results contribute supplemental insights on continental shale oil deliverability in China,and provide a scientific basis for the rapid exploration and large-scale production of lacustrine shale oil.
基金Supported by the Key Science&Technology Project of Guangzhou(No.202103000045)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82070972,No.82271093).
文摘AIM:To investigate the effects of shortening the duration of silicone oil tamponade on retinal structure and function in patients undergoing silicone oil removal(SOR)after surgery for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD).METHODS:A total of 58 eligible patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to two groups based on tamponade duration:the short-term group(30-45d)and the conventional group(≥90d).Comprehensive evaluations were performed before and after SOR,including slitlamp examination,best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)measurement,intraocular pressure(IOP)testing,optical coherence tomography(OCT),optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA),microperimetry,electroretinography(ERG),and visual evoked potential(VEP)assessment.RESULTS:A total of 33 patients(23 males and 10 females;33 eyes)were enrolled in the short-term SO tamponade group with mean age of 52.45±9.35y,and 25 patients(15 males and 10 females;25 eyes)were enrolled in the conventional SO tamponade group with mean age of 50.80±12.06y.Compared with the conventional group,the short-term silicone oil tamponade group had a significantly lower incidence of silicone oil emulsification and cataract progression,with no significant difference in retinal reattachment success rate.Structurally,short-term tamponade was associated with increased thickness of the retinal ganglion cell layer(RGCL)in the nasal and superior macular regions and improved recovery of superficial retinal vascular density in these areas.Functionally,the shortterm group showed better BCVA and retinal sensitivity both before and 1mo after SOR;additionally,the P100 amplitude in VEP tests was significantly increased in this group.CONCLUSION:Shortening the duration of silicone oil tamponade effectively reduces damage to retinal structure and function without compromising the success rate of retinal reattachment in patients with primary RRD.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of China(32300231)to Jiang Wangthe Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province(324MS023)to Jiang Wang.
文摘Plant oils are increasingly sought after as sustainable sources of bioenergy for biodiesel production and high-value biochemicals.Although oilseed crops currently serve as the primary source of plant oils,meeting the rising global demand on limited arable land,without compromising food security,remains a major challenge.Therefore,metabolic engineering of high-biomass bioenergy feedstocks has been widely explored to enhance the conversion of carbon stored in vegetative tissues into energy-dense triacylglycerol(TAG).Significant progress has been made in boosting TAG accumulation in the vegetative tissues of various plant species through bioengineering strategies.These efforts span from single-gene modifications to the coordinated expression of key lipogenic factors such as WRI1,DGAT1/2,and OLE1.The resulting fatty acid and TAG profiles,however,often vary depending on the targeted plant species and promoter(s)used.This review summarizes the roles of essential lipogenic factors in plant oil biosynthesis and highlights recent advances in metabolic engineering across diverse crop species through combinatorial expression of these factors.We also discuss future strategies for achieving high-level oil production without incurring growth penalties.By offering new perspectives on metabolic engineering,this work aims to support the development of plants as efficient biofuel feedstocks,contributing to the global effort to address energy challenges.
文摘In this study,thyme essential oil(TEO)nanoemulsion(tPTNs)was constructed with transglutaminase(TGase)-modified potato protein,and its antibacterial activity and mechanism of action were evaluated and explored.Results indicated that tPTNs exhibited great antibacterial activity against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli,with minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)of 2.5 and 5.0 mg/mL,respectively.Also,the antibacterial effects of tPTNs were concentration-dependent.We observed a significant decrease in the absolute value of the zeta potential,and significant increases in particle size,cell membrane hydrophobicity,conductivity,the release of metal ions,and the leakage of nucleic acid as the concentration of tPTNs increased from 0 mg/mL to MBC.Furthermore,sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE)demonstrated that protein synthesis was inhibited or even disrupted.Analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)indicated that treatment with tPTNs caused significant changes in bacterial metabolites,1117 and 692 differential metabolites being found for S.aureus and E.coli,respectively.The differential metabolites were involved in nucleotide metabolism,amino acid metabolism,tricarboxylic acid cycle and other metabolic pathways.These findings provide valuable insights for the application of thyme essential oil as an efficient antibacterial agent and for the understanding of its mechanism of action.
基金We appreciate the financial support of this work by Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources from Golestan Province(Grant No.9413184180).
文摘Drought,as the most catastrophic abiotic stress,poses a significant threat to the growth and development of plants.Among the mechanisms employed by plants to cope with drought-induced stress,abscisic acid(ABA)which is the sesquiterpene hormone,occupies a pivotal role.A hypothesis has emerged that the exogenous application of ABA can positively influence the terpenoid content of Lavandula angustifolia cv Hidcote essential oil(EO),thereby conferring enhanced resilience to drought stress.A randomized complete block design experiment was conducted with three replicationsandfour irrigation regimes,including I4[30%-40%of field capacity(FC)],I3(50%-60%FC),I2(70%-80%FC),andI1(90%-100%FC)as control.Application of ABAspraying included three concentrations,A3(30μmol·L^(-1)ABA),A2(15μmol·L^(-1)ABA),and A1 as control(distilled water).Results revealed that drought significantly affected all studied traits except for relative water content(RWC)and shoot dry mass.The ABA impact application on the observed traits was found to be dependent upon the level of drought to which the plants were exposed.Specifically,the highest levels of flavonoid content,total antioxidant activity,peroxidase(POX)activity,and EO percentage were observed under I4A2 conditions.Conversely,the highest levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)activity,and proline were recorded under I4A3 conditions,while the highest EO yield was obtained under I3A2 conditions.Analysis of the EO revealed that there were common indicative compounds across the varying levels of droughtandABAapplication,including linalool,camphor,borneol,bornyl formate,andcaryophyllene oxide.Theproduction pattern ofmonoterpene and sesquiterpene compounds demonstrated a distinct trend,with the highest concentration of monoterpene hydrocarbon compounds(average of 12.92%)being observed in the I2A3 treatment group,andthe highest concentration of oxygenatedmonoterpenecompounds(average of 64.76%)being recorded in the I1A1 group.Conversely,the most significant levels of sesquiterpene hydrocarboncompounds(14.98%)andoxygenated sesquiterpene compounds(10.46%)were observed in the I4A3 and I4A1 groups,respectively,showing the efficacy of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes from the action of ABA under drought conditions.The observed results indicated that the concentration of oxygenated monoterpene compounds decreases with an increase in drought level.Conversely,the application of ABA at any given drought level appears to resulted in increased concentrations of oxygenated monoterpene compounds in the same conditions.It may be concluded that plants under high-stress drought conditions allocate more terpene precursors to the production of sesquiterpene hydrocarbon compounds,aided by ABA with the same properties.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF1103804)the Academic Research Projects of Beijing Union University(ZK20202516).
文摘Krill oil is effective in reducing blood lipid levels,particularly in individuals with severe hyperlipidemia.However,poor water insolubility and stability limited its usage.This study investigated a method for encapsulating Antarctic krill oil using alginate(ALG)and gelatin(GLN)to enhance its stability and bioactivity.The encapsulation efficiency,functional group integrity,swelling rate,and lipid-lowering activity were assessed.Results indicated that the optimal encapsulation conditions were identified with an ALG:GLN ratio of 2:1(m/m),coagulation bath of 9%CaCl_(2),and a nozzle size of 750μm,resulting in 69.34%encapsulation efficiency.Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed successful encapsulation.The ALG-GLN shell materials enriched astaxanthin in krill oil and protected it from harsh gastric conditions,enabling targeted intestinal release.In a high-fat diet-induced rat model,krill oil microcapsules significantly reduced triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol(TC),and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C)levels while increasing high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C)levels compared to unencapsulated krill oil.Additionally,the microcapsules elevated nitric oxide(NO)levels,enhanced superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity,and reduced malondialdehyde(MDA)levels,liver and perirenal fat weight.Therefore,encapsulating Antarctic krill oil in alginate-gelatin hydrogel offers a promising strategy for managing hyperlipidemia and associated metabolic disorders.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31760363)the Earmarked Fund for CARS (CARS-14-1-16)+1 种基金the Gansu Education Science and Technology Innovation Industry Support Program,China (2021CYZC-38)the Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science,Gansu Agricultural University,China (GSCS-2020-Z6)。
文摘Lodging is a major constraint limiting oil flax production efficiency in northern China.Crop lodging susceptibility is closely related to stem lignin content,and the regulatory mechanisms by which nitrogen and potassium fertilization interactively influence lignin biosynthesis in oil flax stems require further investigation.Therefore,this study aimed to enhance lodging resistance and increase grain yield in oil flax.We examined the interactive effects of different nitrogen (75,150,and 225 kg N ha^(–1)) and potassium (60 and 90 kg K_(2)O ha^(–1)) fertilizer rates on lignin metabolism,lodging resistance,and grain yield during the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons.Results indicated that nitrogen and potassium fertilizer levels and their interactions promoted lignin accumulation,improved lodging resistance,and increased grain yield.Compared to the control (CK),the75–150 kg N ha^(–1) combined with 60 kg K_(2)O ha^(–1) treatments significantly enhanced the activities of key lignin-synthesizing enzymes (tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL),phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL),cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD),and peroxidase (POD)) and upregulated the expression of 4CL1 and F5H3 genes,leading to a 29.63–43.30%increase in lignin content,improved stem bending strength and lodging resistance index,and a 23.27–32.34%increase in grain yield.Correlation analysis revealed that nitrogen and potassium fertilizers positively regulated enzyme activities and gene expression related to lignin biosynthesis,thereby facilitating lignin accumulation and enhancing stem mechanical strength and lodging resistance.Positive correlations were observed among lignin-related enzyme activities,gene expression,lodging resistance traits,and grain yield.In summary,the application of 75–150 kg N ha^(–1) in conjunction with 60 kg K_(2)O ha^(–1)promoted lignin biosynthesis and accumulation,enhanced lodging resistance,and increased grain yield in oil flax grown in the dryland farming region of central Gansu,China.Furthermore,this treatment provides a technical basis for cultivating stress-tolerant and high-yield oil flax in arid regions.
文摘Aims&Scope Grain&Oil Science and Technology(GOST),quarterly,is a peer-reviewed Open Access(OA)journal with distinctive features in the field of grain and oil food research.Upon acceptance all articles are permanently and freely available on ScienceDirect.GOST publishes original research papers and relevant review articles focusing on grain and oil food science and technology.The journal primarily covers new achievements,advanced technologies,and research progress in key areas such as grain and oil food engineering,food science,and food safety.It is dedicated to building an international academic exchange platform for grain and oil food science and technology that spans the entire chain from post-harvest grain handling to food consumption.
基金funded by the Science and Technology Program of State Grid Corporation of China(5500-202356358A-2-1-ZX).
文摘Arc faults within the transformers can generate sudden pressure surges,constituting significant hazards that may precipitate oil tank explosions and severely compromise power system stability.Conventional power−frequency arc discharge experiments encounter limitations in isolating pressure wave characteristics due to persistent gas generation and arc reignition.To circumvent these challenges,an oil-immersed impulse voltage discharge platform was conceived and engineered to investigate pressure wave propagation dynamics.A pressure numerical simulation model and theoretical model of oil−solid interface reflection and refraction were subsequently established to elucidate the pressure propagation mechanism.The experimental and simulation results show that the pressure wave generated by pulsed arc discharge in oil propagates radially in the form of spherical waves.Due to the viscous loss and wave front expansion of transformer oil,the peak pressure decays exponentially with distance,with a decay coefficientβ=1.15.When pressure waves encounter metal obstacles inside transformer oil,there are two propagation paths:direct transmission through and multiple reflections through,and a mode transformation of pressure waves occurs at the oil−solid interface,mainly propagating through obstacles in the form of transverse waves.This work quantitatively delineates the energy pressure wave coupling,propagation dynamics,and attenuation mechanisms,providing critical insights for assessing and mitigating arc fault-induced transformer explosion risks.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42372125 and 41772092)。
文摘Previous studies have shown that the Eocene oil shale sequences in the Green River Basin contain long-period astronomical age information.The fine-scale chronological characteristics of the oil shale laminae remain largely unexplored.We selected finely laminated oil shales formed in deep-water environments characterized by stable water column stratification as the primary focus of this study,using microscopy and micro-area X-ray fluorescence(μ-XRF)techniques.By integrating high-resolution elemental data with timeseries analysis,we identified significant periodic signals associated with solar activity(Hale and Schwabe cycles)and ENSO.The results indicate that the alternations of light and dark laminae in the Green River Formation oil shale correspond to alternating dry and wet climate regimes:the light laminae are dominated by carbonate minerals,reflecting drier and milder conditions,while the dark laminae are enriched in terrigenous clastics and organic matter,indicating periods of increased precipitation and warmer temperatures.The detected periodicities(23.5 years,13.3 years and 5.8 years)are highly consistent with modern observations,demonstrating that the lower Eocene Green River oil shale effectively records short-term solar activity and climate variability.Furthermore,our findings confirm that a persistent"permanent El Niño"state did not develop under Early Eocene greenhouse conditions,providing a refined chronological framework for highresolution paleoclimate studies during greenhouse intervals.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD2100700).
文摘Triacylglycerol(TAG)components in human milk,infant formulas with different fat sources,and plant oils(palm oil,flaxseed oil,sunflower oil,corn oil,soybean oil,coconut oil,low erucic acid rapeseed oil,and high oleic acid rapeseed oil)were analyzed and compared using ultraperformance supercritical fluid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPSFC-Q-TOF-MS).Distinct TAG profiles were identified by lipidomics,principal component analysis(PCA),and heatmap visualization.Human milk was characterized by a high abundance of medium-and long-chain triacylglycerols(MLCTs),saturated-unsaturated-unsaturated(SUU)-type TAGs(sn-2 palmitic acid).In contrast,plant oils lacked MLCTs and SUU-type TAGs,containing mainly TAGs esterified long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid.Breast milk contains about 27%MLCT,about 50%SUU-type triacylglycerols(which contain about 34%UPU-type triacylglycerols),which is significantly different from plant oils,structured fats and infant formulas.These findings provide a clear basis for optimizing the fat blend in infant formula to better mimic the unique TAG profile of human milk,thereby improving energy delivery and nutrient absorption for infants.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(Grant No.2024ZD 1004302)the Key Scientific and Technological Research project of SINOPEC(Grant No.P25186).
文摘To clarify fluid flow mechanisms and establish effective development conditions in continental shale oil reservoirs,a high-temperature,high-pressure steady-state flow system integrated with nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)technology has been developed.The apparatus combines sample evacuation,rapid pressurization and saturation,and controlled displacement,enabling systematic investigation of single-phase shale oil flow under representative reservoir conditions.Related experiments allow proper quantification of the activation thresholds and relative contributions of different pore types to flow.A movable fluid index(MFI),defined using dual T_(2) cutoff values,is introduced accordingly and linked to key flow parameters.The results reveal distinct multi-scale characteristics of single-phase shale oil transport,namely micro-scale graded displacement and macro-scale segmented nonlinear behavior.As the injection-production pressure difference increases,flow pathways are activated progressively,beginning with fractures,followed by large and then smaller macropores,leading to a pronounced enhancement in apparent permeability.Although mesopores and micropores contribute little to direct flow,their indirect influence becomes increasingly important,and apparent permeability gradually approaches a stable limit at higher pressure difference.It is also shown that the MFI exhibits a strong negative correlation with the starting pressure gradient and a positive correlation with apparent permeability,providing a rapid and reliable indicator of shale oil flow capacity.Samples containing through-going fractures display consistently higher MFI values and superior flowability compared with those dominated by laminated fractures,highlighting the pivotal role of well-connected fracture networks generated by large-scale hydraulic fracturing in improving shale oil production.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Provincial Department of Education(D20232101)Shandong Second Medical University 2024 Affiliated Hospital(Teaching Hospital)Scientific Research Development Fund Project(2024FYQ026)+3 种基金the innovative Research Programme of Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital(XYY2023ZY01)Faculty Development Grants of Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine(XYY2023D05)Joint supported by Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation and Xiangyang of China(2025AFD091)Traditional Chinese Medicine Scientific Research Project of Hubei Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(ZY2025D019).
文摘Background:Diabetic foot,a severe complication of diabetes,is characterized by chronic refractory wounds.Sanhuang Oil,a topical herbal formula,demonstrates significant therapeutic effects including antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,and immunomodulatory activities.However,its active constituents and mechanisms of action against diabetic foot remain to be elucidated.Methods:In this study,the chemical constituents of Sanhuang Oil were identified using UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS.Subsequently,the mechanism by which Sanhuang Oil promotes diabetic foot ulcer healing was predicted by integrating network pharmacology and molecular docking.Additionally,diabetic mouse model was established in ICR mice using a combination of a high-fat diet(HFD)and streptozotocin(STZ)chemical induction.A full-thickness skin defect was created on the dorsum of the mice.Wound healing and the healing rate were observed following Sanhuang Oil intervention.The mechanism underlying Sanhuang Oil’s promotion of diabetic ulcer healing was further investigated using transcriptomics and histopathological examination(H&E staining).Results:A total of 97 active ingredients were identified from Sanhuang Oil.Network pharmacology analysis predicted 543 common targets,and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis identified 203 relevant pathways.Molecular docking further confirmed high binding affinity(binding energy≤−5.0 kcal/mol)between specific active components in Sanhuang Oil(e.g.,coptisine,phellodendrine,baicalein)and key targets associated with diabetic foot ulcers(e.g.,EGFR,AKT1,STAT3).In vivo experimental results demonstrated that the wound healing rate was significantly higher in Sanhuang Oil-treated groups compared to the model group(P<0.001).HE staining revealed that the high-dose Sanhuang Oil group exhibited more pronounced epithelial tissue coverage over the wound,reduced inflammatory cell infiltration,and increased collagen deposition and fibroblast proliferation.transcriptomic analysis identified Pdk4,Ttn,Csrp3,Actn2,Myoz2,Tnnc2,Myod1,Myog,Myot,and Myf6 as key regulatory proteins involved in promoting wound healing.Conclusion:Sanhuang Oil promotes wound healing in diabetic ulcer mice,potentially by mitigating inflammation and regulating key targets such as Pdk4 to enhance fibroblast function.These findings provide novel insights into the multi-target,multi-pathway mechanism of Sanhuang Oil for treating diabetic foot ulcers.
文摘The utilisation of waste in green sustainable technology can provide a clean environment and support energy demand.This work aims to design and analyse the performance of a developed indirect flat-plate Solar Air Heater(SAH)integrated with an internal thermal storage unit using Waste Automotive Oil(WAO).The SAH was designed based on the circulation of confined air around the internal thermal storage unit due to the updraft effects of hot air.Two SAHs were tested to compare the performance of WAO and water,with the results being compared to previous work that utilised phase change material.Results showed that WAO responds faster in the early stage,while water has slightly higher daytime efficiency,with a maximum temperature of 60℃,while WAO reached a maximum temperature of 76℃.During the discharge cycle,WAO achieved an efficiency of 65.7%,while the water’s efficiency 73.2% within the same period.The highest outlet air temperatures recorded were 43℃ for WAO and 33.8℃ for water.These findings support that water is suitable for applications requiring rapid thermal charging,while WAO offers extended thermal stability.The study highlights the feasibility of using low-cost materials,such as WAO and water,to enhance the performance of solar energy systems,thereby making them more viable for industrial applications like drying and heating.
基金supported by a project of the Shaanxi Youth Science and Technology Star(2021KJXX-87)public welfare geological survey projects of Shaanxi Institute of Geologic Survey(20180301,201918 and 202103)。
文摘With the efficient and intelligent development of computer-based big data processing,applying machine learning methods to the processing and interpretation of logging data in the field of geophysical well logging has broad potential for improving production efficiency.Currently,the Jiyuan Oilfield in the Ordos Basin relies mainly on manual reprocessing and interpretation of old well logging data to identify different fluid types in low-contrast reservoirs,guiding subsequent production work.This study uses well logging data from the Chang 1 reservoir,partitioning the dataset based on individual wells for model training and testing.A deep learning model for intelligent reservoir fluid identification was constructed by incorporating the focal loss function.Comparative validations with five other models,including logistic regression(LR),naive Bayes(NB),gradient boosting decision trees(GBDT),random forest(RF),and support vector machine(SVM),show that this model demonstrates superior identification performance and significantly improves the accuracy of identifying oil-bearing fluids.Mutual information analysis reveals the model's differential dependency on various logging parameters for reservoir fluid identification.This model provides important references and a basis for conducting regional studies and revisiting old wells,demonstrating practical value that can be widely applied.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42072174 and 42472184)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFF080120)。
文摘The depletion of conventional oil and gas resources has driven increased exploration of unconventional reservoirs,such as shale oil,which is considered a critical resource to meet global energy demands(Gross and Eyal,2007).Shale reservoirs,characterized by low porosity and permeability,pose unique challenges for hydrocarbon extraction.Advanced techniques like hydraulic fracturing are essential for their development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52304021,52104022,52204031)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2022NSFSC0205,2024NSFSC0201,2023NSFSC0947)the National Science and Technology Major Projects of China(2017ZX05049006-010).
文摘The global energy demand is increasing rapidly,and it is imperative to develop shale hydrocarbon re-sources vigorously.The prerequisite for enhancing the exploitation efficiency of shale reservoirs is the systematic elucidation of the occurrence characteristics,flow behavior,and enhanced oil recovery(EOR)mechanisms of shale oil within commonly developed nanopores.Molecular dynamics(MD)technique can simulate the occurrence,flow,and extraction processes of shale oil at the nanoscale,and then quantitatively characterize various fluid properties,flow characteristics,and action mechanisms under different reservoir conditions by calculating and analyzing a series of MD parameters.However,the existing review on the application of MD simulation in shale oil reservoirs is not systematic enough and lacks a summary of technical challenges and solutions.Therefore,recent MD studies on shale oil res-ervoirs were summarized and analyzed.Firstly,the applicability of force fields and ensembles of MD in shale reservoirs with different reservoir conditions and fluid properties was discussed.Subsequently,the calculation methods and application examples of MD parameters characterizing various properties of fluids at the microscale were summarized.Then,the application of MD simulation in the study of shale oil occurrence characteristics,flow behavior,and EOR mechanisms was reviewed,along with the elucidation of corresponding micro-mechanisms.Moreover,influencing factors of pore structure,wall properties,reservoir conditions,fluid components,injection/production parameters,formation water,and inorganic salt ions were analyzed,and some new conclusions were obtained.Finally,the main challenges associated with the application of MD simulations to shale oil reservoirs were discussed,and reasonable prospects for future MD research directions were proposed.The purpose of this review is to provide theoretical basis and methodological support for applying MD simulation to study shale oil reservoirs.
文摘Extensive research has been conducted on remaining oil in the Daqing Oilfield during high water cuts’late stage,but few studies have offered multi-level analyses from both macro and micro perspectives for remaining oil under varying formation conditions and displacement methods.This article focuses on the remaining oil in the S,P,and G reservoirs of Daqing Oilfield by employing the frozen section analysis method on the cores from the S,P,and G oil layers.The research identifies patterns among them,revealing that the Micro Remaining Oil types in these cores primarily include pore surface thin film,corner,throat,cluster,intergranular adsorption,and particle adsorption.Among these,intergranular adsorption contains the highest amount of remaining oil(the highest proportion reaches 60%)and serves as the main target for development potential.The overall distribution pattern of the Micro Remaining Oil in the S,P,and G oil layers shows that as flooding intensity increases,the amount of free-state remaining oil gradually decreases,while bound-state remaining oil gradually increases.The study also examines eight typical coring wells for macroscopic remaining oil,finding four main types in the reservoir:interlayer difference,interlayer loss,interlayer interference,and injection-production imperfect types.Among these,the injection-production imperfect type has the highest remaining oil content and is the primary target for development potential.Analyzing the reservoir utilization status and oil flooding efficiency reveals that as water flooding intensifies,the oil displacement efficiency of the oil layer gradually decreases,while the efficiency of oil layer displacement improves.Strongly flooded cores exhibit less free-state remaining oil than weakly flooded cores,making displacement more challenging.This study aims to provide a foundation and support for the development of remaining oil in the S,P,and G oil layers.
