The work investigates the major solute chemistry of groundwater and fluoride enrichment(F^(-))in the shallow phreatic aquifer of Odisha.The study also interprets the hydrogeochemical processes of solute acquisition an...The work investigates the major solute chemistry of groundwater and fluoride enrichment(F^(-))in the shallow phreatic aquifer of Odisha.The study also interprets the hydrogeochemical processes of solute acquisition and the genetic behavior of groundwater F^(-)contamination.A total of 1105 groundwater samples collected from across the state from different hydro-geomorphic settings have been analyzed for the major solutes and F^(-) content.Groundwater is alkaline in nature(range of pH:6.6-8.7;ave.:7.9)predominated by moderately hard to very hard types.Average cation and anion chemistry stand in the orders of Ca^(2+)>Na^(+)>Mg^(2+)>K^(+) and HCO_(3)^(-)>Cl^(-)>SO_(4)^(2-)>CO_(3)^(2-) respectively.The average mineralization is low(319 mg/L).The primary water types are Ca-Mg-HCO_(3) and Ca-Mg-Cl^(-)HCO_(3),followed by Na-Cl,Ca-Mg-Cl,and Na-Ca-Mg-HCO_(3)^(-)Cl.Silicate-halite dissolution and reverse ion exchange are the significant processes of solute acquisition.Both the geogenic as well as the anthropogenic sources contribute to the groundwater fluoride contamination,etc.The ratio of Na^(+)/Ca^(2+)>1.0 comprises Na-HCO_(3)(Cl)water types with F^(-)>1.0 mg/L(range 1.0-3.5 mg/L)where the F^(-)bears geogenic source.Positive relations exist between F^(-)and pH,Na^(+),TDS,and HCO_(3)^(-).It also reflects a perfect Na-TDS correlation(0.85).The ratio of Na^(+)/Ca^(2+)<1.0 segregates the sample population(F^(-)range:1.0-4.0 mg/L)with the F derived from anthropogenic sources.Such water types include Ca-Mg-HCO_(3)(Cl)varieties which are recently recharged meteoritic water types.The F^(-) levels exhibit poor and negative correlations with the solutes in groundwater.The Na-TDS relation remains poor(0.12).In contrast,the TDS levels show strong correlations with Ca^(2+)(0.91),Mg^(2+)(0.80)and even Cl^(-)(0.91).The majority of the monitoring points with the anthropogenic sources of groundwater F^(-) are clustered in the Hirakud Canal Command area in the western parts of the state,indicating the role of irrigation return flow in the F^(-) contamination.展开更多
Sustainable livelihood security(SLS) is an integrating framework that encompasses current concerns and policy requirements for ecological, social, and economic dimensions of sustainable development. It carries particu...Sustainable livelihood security(SLS) is an integrating framework that encompasses current concerns and policy requirements for ecological, social, and economic dimensions of sustainable development. It carries particular importance for developing economies. This study intends to verify the relative status of SLS of the 30 districts in Odisha, which is a backward state in eastern India. In this study, a total of 22 relevant indicators relating to the three components of SLS—ecological security, social equity, and economic efficiency have been taken, based on various kinds of government reports. The principal component analysis(PCA) was used to ascertain the indicators and the importance of each of them to the corresponding component of SLS. The ecological security index(ESI), social equity index(SEI), economic efficiency index(EEI), and composite sustainable livelihood security index(CSLSI) of each district of Odisha were calculated through the min-max normalization technique. The results revealed that there are wide variations in SLS among the districts of Odisha. In this study, the districts are categorized into four levels based on the scores of ESI, SEI, EEI, and CSLSI as very low(<0.400), low(0.400–0.549), medium(0.550–0.700), and high(>0.700). According to the classification result of CSLSI, 2 districts are found to be in the very low category, 20 districts are under the low sustainability category, 8 districts are in the medium category, and none of the districts are found to be in the high sustainability category. The district of Sambalpur ranks the highest with a CSLSI score of 0.624. The bottom five districts are Gajapati, Bolangir, Nabarangpur, Kandhamal, and Malkangiri, having the CSLSI scores of 0.438, 0.435, 0.406, 0.391, and 0.344, respectively. The result of this study suggests that region-specific, systematic, and proactive approaches are desirable for balanced development in Odisha. Further, policy intervention is required to implement more inclusive tribal welfare policies.展开更多
Quantitative assessment of tree species diversity from sample plots in seven forest ranges of Nayagarh Forest Division in Odisha state in the Eastern Ghats of India was made during the period April, 2011 to November, ...Quantitative assessment of tree species diversity from sample plots in seven forest ranges of Nayagarh Forest Division in Odisha state in the Eastern Ghats of India was made during the period April, 2011 to November, 2013. A total of 120 transects(1000 m × 5 m) were laid in Nayagarh, Odogaon, Pancharida, Khandapada, Dasapalla,Mahipur, and Gania forest ranges and tree stems of at least 30 cm GBH were measured. The regeneration potential of trees was assessed from 5 m × 5 m sample plots located within the main transect. A total of 177 tree species belonging to 120 genera and 44 families were recorded from the study area. Shorea robusta, Buchanania lanzan, Lannea coromandelica, Terminalia alata and Cleistanthus collinus were the predominant tree species. The stand density varied in the range of 355.33–740.53 stems ha)-1) while basal area ranged from 7.77 to 31.62 m2ha-1. The tree density and species richness decreased with increasing girth class. The highest number of species and maximum density was recorded in the girth class of 30–60 cm. The Shannon–Weiner and Simpson Indices with respect to trees with C30 cm GBH varied in the range of 2.07–3.79 cm and 0.03–0.37 cm respectively and the values of diversity indices are within the reported range for tropical forests of Indian sub-continent. The families, Dipterocarpaceae,Anacardiaceae, Combretaceae and Euphorbiaceae contributed to maximum species richness, stand density, and basal area. Regeneration of many tree species was observed to be poor. The present study provides baseline data for further ecological studies, forest management, and formulation of site-specific strategies for conservation of biological diversity in moist deciduous forests of Eastern India.展开更多
The Ib-valley coalfield of Odisha, India contains five coal seams viz. Ib-seam at the bottom overlain successively by Rampur seam, Lajkura seam, Parkhani seam and Belpahar seam. Twenty one representative samples were ...The Ib-valley coalfield of Odisha, India contains five coal seams viz. Ib-seam at the bottom overlain successively by Rampur seam, Lajkura seam, Parkhani seam and Belpahar seam. Twenty one representative samples were collected from three major seams (Ib, Rampur and Lajkura) and their petrography and chemical studies were carried out. Samples were not collected from the Parkhani and Belpahar seams as these are very small seams exposed locally having no regional correlation. The macroscopic study shows the dominance of durain which imparts a dull appearance to these coals. The maceral analysis reveals that vitrinite percentage varies from 4.5% to 80.2%, the exinite from 3.30% to 22.2% and the inertinite from 12.5% to 92.2% in different samples of the Ib valley coalfield. The very high proportion of inertinite suggests a shallower water deposition of plant materials followed by prolonged period of exposure and repeated cycle of weathering. The proximate analysis results show that the top Lajkura seam is comparatively lower in rank than the underlying Ib and the Rampur seam. The ultimate analysis exhibites that the percentage of variation in C is found from 77.88 to 85.79, H from 4, 4 to 5.91 and O from 7.26 to 15.3. H/C and O/C ratio including C.V. in this coalfield showing distinct variations from the bottom to top seam. The analyses results indicate that the petrographic and chemical characters of the ib valley coals are stratigraphically controlled.展开更多
Objective:This manuscript is inspired by the usage of traditional medicines i.e.,Ethnomedicines.It aims to collect the available data on Odisha’s native medicinal flora to provide a relatively updated,comprehensive,a...Objective:This manuscript is inspired by the usage of traditional medicines i.e.,Ethnomedicines.It aims to collect the available data on Odisha’s native medicinal flora to provide a relatively updated,comprehensive,and categorized idea on ethnomedicinal species with their therapeutic usage.This survey reveals about 264 medicinal plant species frequently used by different non-tribal and tribal communities of the study area in the prevention and treatment of 11 different urogenital disorders or related issues.Methods:The data from different published research and review articles confined to ethnomedicinal plants in different scientific databases like Google,ScienceDirect,Pubmed,etc were captured by specific keywords.Results:The relevant information regarding correct taxonomic identification with family,common locally assigned names,plant parts that are in use with the correct mode of administration concerning different health ailments about the urogenital system has been analyzed in this review.Conclusion:This paper presents a compilation of commonly used plant parts administered in different parts of Odisha,to treat various urogenital issues.This could provide great potential for the discovery of more potent bioactive compounds,which are produced as the secondary metabolites by the medicinal flora.Hence further phytochemical screening,antimicrobial studies on these plant parts need to be conducted to explore their potential as important medicinal plant species.展开更多
Objective:There has been a steady increase in the demand for cancer follow-up care in India.Compared with Western countries,there is little evidence on the capacity of the Indian primary care workforce to accommodate ...Objective:There has been a steady increase in the demand for cancer follow-up care in India.Compared with Western countries,there is little evidence on the capacity of the Indian primary care workforce to accommodate such tasks.We explored the perceptions of oncologists,general practitioners,and patients with regard to the involvement of primary care in cancer follow-up care.Methods:We undertook semistructured focus-group discussions with eight oncologists,nine general practitioners,and 17 cancer patients to gain an understanding of their perceived roles and responsibilities with regard to primary care in delivering follow-up care and the potential concerns.Data from the focus groups were transcribed verbatim,translated,and analyzed with use of a the-matic approach.Results:Most general practitioners felt that their job is to see‘normal’patients,and cancer patients were exceptions to routine care.Oncologists were apprehensive with regard to the com-petence of general practitioners and patient trust.Patients consult oncologists for cancer follow-up care as they perceive it to be very specialized.Patients expressed difficulty in accessing follow-up care and want specialized oncological care by trained personnel in their vicinity.Conclusion:Despite the growing number of cancer survivors,we found a disconnect between primary care and cancer follow-up care.展开更多
文摘The work investigates the major solute chemistry of groundwater and fluoride enrichment(F^(-))in the shallow phreatic aquifer of Odisha.The study also interprets the hydrogeochemical processes of solute acquisition and the genetic behavior of groundwater F^(-)contamination.A total of 1105 groundwater samples collected from across the state from different hydro-geomorphic settings have been analyzed for the major solutes and F^(-) content.Groundwater is alkaline in nature(range of pH:6.6-8.7;ave.:7.9)predominated by moderately hard to very hard types.Average cation and anion chemistry stand in the orders of Ca^(2+)>Na^(+)>Mg^(2+)>K^(+) and HCO_(3)^(-)>Cl^(-)>SO_(4)^(2-)>CO_(3)^(2-) respectively.The average mineralization is low(319 mg/L).The primary water types are Ca-Mg-HCO_(3) and Ca-Mg-Cl^(-)HCO_(3),followed by Na-Cl,Ca-Mg-Cl,and Na-Ca-Mg-HCO_(3)^(-)Cl.Silicate-halite dissolution and reverse ion exchange are the significant processes of solute acquisition.Both the geogenic as well as the anthropogenic sources contribute to the groundwater fluoride contamination,etc.The ratio of Na^(+)/Ca^(2+)>1.0 comprises Na-HCO_(3)(Cl)water types with F^(-)>1.0 mg/L(range 1.0-3.5 mg/L)where the F^(-)bears geogenic source.Positive relations exist between F^(-)and pH,Na^(+),TDS,and HCO_(3)^(-).It also reflects a perfect Na-TDS correlation(0.85).The ratio of Na^(+)/Ca^(2+)<1.0 segregates the sample population(F^(-)range:1.0-4.0 mg/L)with the F derived from anthropogenic sources.Such water types include Ca-Mg-HCO_(3)(Cl)varieties which are recently recharged meteoritic water types.The F^(-) levels exhibit poor and negative correlations with the solutes in groundwater.The Na-TDS relation remains poor(0.12).In contrast,the TDS levels show strong correlations with Ca^(2+)(0.91),Mg^(2+)(0.80)and even Cl^(-)(0.91).The majority of the monitoring points with the anthropogenic sources of groundwater F^(-) are clustered in the Hirakud Canal Command area in the western parts of the state,indicating the role of irrigation return flow in the F^(-) contamination.
基金the Odisha State Higher Education Council for providing a Ph.D.fellowship under Odisha University Research and Innovation Incentivization Plan(OURIIP)2020(278/83/OSHEC)。
文摘Sustainable livelihood security(SLS) is an integrating framework that encompasses current concerns and policy requirements for ecological, social, and economic dimensions of sustainable development. It carries particular importance for developing economies. This study intends to verify the relative status of SLS of the 30 districts in Odisha, which is a backward state in eastern India. In this study, a total of 22 relevant indicators relating to the three components of SLS—ecological security, social equity, and economic efficiency have been taken, based on various kinds of government reports. The principal component analysis(PCA) was used to ascertain the indicators and the importance of each of them to the corresponding component of SLS. The ecological security index(ESI), social equity index(SEI), economic efficiency index(EEI), and composite sustainable livelihood security index(CSLSI) of each district of Odisha were calculated through the min-max normalization technique. The results revealed that there are wide variations in SLS among the districts of Odisha. In this study, the districts are categorized into four levels based on the scores of ESI, SEI, EEI, and CSLSI as very low(<0.400), low(0.400–0.549), medium(0.550–0.700), and high(>0.700). According to the classification result of CSLSI, 2 districts are found to be in the very low category, 20 districts are under the low sustainability category, 8 districts are in the medium category, and none of the districts are found to be in the high sustainability category. The district of Sambalpur ranks the highest with a CSLSI score of 0.624. The bottom five districts are Gajapati, Bolangir, Nabarangpur, Kandhamal, and Malkangiri, having the CSLSI scores of 0.438, 0.435, 0.406, 0.391, and 0.344, respectively. The result of this study suggests that region-specific, systematic, and proactive approaches are desirable for balanced development in Odisha. Further, policy intervention is required to implement more inclusive tribal welfare policies.
基金funded by the Department of Forest and Environment,Government of Odisha,Bhubaneswar
文摘Quantitative assessment of tree species diversity from sample plots in seven forest ranges of Nayagarh Forest Division in Odisha state in the Eastern Ghats of India was made during the period April, 2011 to November, 2013. A total of 120 transects(1000 m × 5 m) were laid in Nayagarh, Odogaon, Pancharida, Khandapada, Dasapalla,Mahipur, and Gania forest ranges and tree stems of at least 30 cm GBH were measured. The regeneration potential of trees was assessed from 5 m × 5 m sample plots located within the main transect. A total of 177 tree species belonging to 120 genera and 44 families were recorded from the study area. Shorea robusta, Buchanania lanzan, Lannea coromandelica, Terminalia alata and Cleistanthus collinus were the predominant tree species. The stand density varied in the range of 355.33–740.53 stems ha)-1) while basal area ranged from 7.77 to 31.62 m2ha-1. The tree density and species richness decreased with increasing girth class. The highest number of species and maximum density was recorded in the girth class of 30–60 cm. The Shannon–Weiner and Simpson Indices with respect to trees with C30 cm GBH varied in the range of 2.07–3.79 cm and 0.03–0.37 cm respectively and the values of diversity indices are within the reported range for tropical forests of Indian sub-continent. The families, Dipterocarpaceae,Anacardiaceae, Combretaceae and Euphorbiaceae contributed to maximum species richness, stand density, and basal area. Regeneration of many tree species was observed to be poor. The present study provides baseline data for further ecological studies, forest management, and formulation of site-specific strategies for conservation of biological diversity in moist deciduous forests of Eastern India.
文摘The Ib-valley coalfield of Odisha, India contains five coal seams viz. Ib-seam at the bottom overlain successively by Rampur seam, Lajkura seam, Parkhani seam and Belpahar seam. Twenty one representative samples were collected from three major seams (Ib, Rampur and Lajkura) and their petrography and chemical studies were carried out. Samples were not collected from the Parkhani and Belpahar seams as these are very small seams exposed locally having no regional correlation. The macroscopic study shows the dominance of durain which imparts a dull appearance to these coals. The maceral analysis reveals that vitrinite percentage varies from 4.5% to 80.2%, the exinite from 3.30% to 22.2% and the inertinite from 12.5% to 92.2% in different samples of the Ib valley coalfield. The very high proportion of inertinite suggests a shallower water deposition of plant materials followed by prolonged period of exposure and repeated cycle of weathering. The proximate analysis results show that the top Lajkura seam is comparatively lower in rank than the underlying Ib and the Rampur seam. The ultimate analysis exhibites that the percentage of variation in C is found from 77.88 to 85.79, H from 4, 4 to 5.91 and O from 7.26 to 15.3. H/C and O/C ratio including C.V. in this coalfield showing distinct variations from the bottom to top seam. The analyses results indicate that the petrographic and chemical characters of the ib valley coals are stratigraphically controlled.
基金thank Mr.Preetam Narayan for his constant technical support for this work.
文摘Objective:This manuscript is inspired by the usage of traditional medicines i.e.,Ethnomedicines.It aims to collect the available data on Odisha’s native medicinal flora to provide a relatively updated,comprehensive,and categorized idea on ethnomedicinal species with their therapeutic usage.This survey reveals about 264 medicinal plant species frequently used by different non-tribal and tribal communities of the study area in the prevention and treatment of 11 different urogenital disorders or related issues.Methods:The data from different published research and review articles confined to ethnomedicinal plants in different scientific databases like Google,ScienceDirect,Pubmed,etc were captured by specific keywords.Results:The relevant information regarding correct taxonomic identification with family,common locally assigned names,plant parts that are in use with the correct mode of administration concerning different health ailments about the urogenital system has been analyzed in this review.Conclusion:This paper presents a compilation of commonly used plant parts administered in different parts of Odisha,to treat various urogenital issues.This could provide great potential for the discovery of more potent bioactive compounds,which are produced as the secondary metabolites by the medicinal flora.Hence further phytochemical screening,antimicrobial studies on these plant parts need to be conducted to explore their potential as important medicinal plant species.
文摘Objective:There has been a steady increase in the demand for cancer follow-up care in India.Compared with Western countries,there is little evidence on the capacity of the Indian primary care workforce to accommodate such tasks.We explored the perceptions of oncologists,general practitioners,and patients with regard to the involvement of primary care in cancer follow-up care.Methods:We undertook semistructured focus-group discussions with eight oncologists,nine general practitioners,and 17 cancer patients to gain an understanding of their perceived roles and responsibilities with regard to primary care in delivering follow-up care and the potential concerns.Data from the focus groups were transcribed verbatim,translated,and analyzed with use of a the-matic approach.Results:Most general practitioners felt that their job is to see‘normal’patients,and cancer patients were exceptions to routine care.Oncologists were apprehensive with regard to the com-petence of general practitioners and patient trust.Patients consult oncologists for cancer follow-up care as they perceive it to be very specialized.Patients expressed difficulty in accessing follow-up care and want specialized oncological care by trained personnel in their vicinity.Conclusion:Despite the growing number of cancer survivors,we found a disconnect between primary care and cancer follow-up care.
