Objective:Through retrospective analysis of a case of occupational noise-induced hearing loss(NIHL)diagnosis and two-grade appraisal,this study explores the causes of inconsistency between diagnosis and appraisal conc...Objective:Through retrospective analysis of a case of occupational noise-induced hearing loss(NIHL)diagnosis and two-grade appraisal,this study explores the causes of inconsistency between diagnosis and appraisal conclusions,aiming to improve occupational health management.Methods:Data including occupational history,workplace noise exposure levels,pure-tone audiometry(PTA),and objective audiological tests were collected and analyzed.Results:Both municipal and provincial appraisals contradicted the initial diagnostic conclusion of“moderate occupational NIHL”.Conclusion:The diagnosis of occupational NIHL requires multidisciplinary expertise and is influenced by subjective factors.Appraisal institutions should adopt evidence-based approaches,integrate objective tests with PTA results,and comprehensively evaluate occupational exposure history to ensure scientific and impartial conclusions.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the trends in occupational environmental hazardous factors and health damage,and to assess the degree of occupational health risks.Methods:A total of 1,733 occupational disease monitoring data poi...Objective:To analyze the trends in occupational environmental hazardous factors and health damage,and to assess the degree of occupational health risks.Methods:A total of 1,733 occupational disease monitoring data points from workplaces collected by the Yangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention from January 2019 to December 2021 were selected to evaluate occupational hazard factors and occupational health risk levels.Results:Over the three-year period,there were 525 monitoring samples for dust exposure,with an exceedance rate of 1.71%(9/525);791 monitoring samples for noise exposure,with an exceedance rate of 4.42%(35/791);and 417 monitoring samples for chemical toxins(exogenous)exposure,with an exceedance rate of 1.68%(7/417).A comprehensive evaluation of exceedance factors revealed that high-risk factors included silica dust and benzene,classified as Level 4,while medium-risk factors encompassed manganese and xylene,including their compounds,classified as Level 3.Conclusion:After long-term monitoring of multiple workplaces in the city,it was found that there were certain occupational hazard factors,specifically involving dust or noise,as well as related factors of chemical toxins.Among these,silica dust and benzene posed the highest risks,while manganese and xylene also carried relatively high risks.It is necessary to strengthen occupational disease prevention and management to reduce the occurrence risks.展开更多
Eu^(2+)ions'occupancy in a-cordierite structure has been a hot research topic.In this study,Eu^(2+)ions were introduced intoα-Mg_(2)Al_(4)Si_(5)O_(18)structure by glass skeleton modification relaxation crystalliz...Eu^(2+)ions'occupancy in a-cordierite structure has been a hot research topic.In this study,Eu^(2+)ions were introduced intoα-Mg_(2)Al_(4)Si_(5)O_(18)structure by glass skeleton modification relaxation crystallization route,and optimizing Eu^(2+)ions'occupancy was induced by changing the skeleton structure through Al^(3+)content and B^(3+)-P^(5+)double substituting 2Si4+.Three occupied luminescent structures'evolution was verified by combining photo luminescence spectra and lattice parameters.The results show that within the range of Al^(3+)content lower than 1.1 mol or B^(3+)-P^(5+)content higher than 3 mol%,the lattice parameters are dominated by the a/b direction.This is beneficial for Eu^(2+)ions to occupy structural channel sites and Ca^(2+)sites,which forms occupied luminescent structures Eu^(2+)_(vac)and Eu^(2+)_(Ca).When the Al^(3+)content is higher than 1.1 mol or B^(3+)-P^(5+)content is lower than 3 mol%,the lattice parameters are dominated by c direction,which is more conducive to Eu^(2+)ions occupying Mg2+sites and occupied luminescent structure Eu^(2+)_(Mg)formation.By sensitivity calculations,occupancy priority of Eu^(2+)ions are derived as Eu^(2+)_(Ca)>Eu^(2+)_(vac)>Eu^(2+)_(Mg).This study provides an effective strategy to modulate Eu^(2+)occupancy thereby achieving single-component white light emission.展开更多
Objective:Postpartum nutrition plays a critical role in maternal recovery and long-term health.However,the nutritional status of working mothers in the postpartum period remains understudied.This study aimed to assess...Objective:Postpartum nutrition plays a critical role in maternal recovery and long-term health.However,the nutritional status of working mothers in the postpartum period remains understudied.This study aimed to assess the dietary quality of postpartum women in urban Beijing,identify occupational-related factors influencing their diet,and explore potential interventions to improve maternal nutrition during the postpartum period.Methods:In this cross-sectional analysis,554 women one year after delivery were recruited from ten community health centers.Sociodemographic,occupational and postpartum care variables were collected via questionnaire.Dietary intake over the preceding year was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire.The modified dietary balance index for postpartum women were used for dietary quality assessment.Results:The study revealed severe dietary imbalances among postpartum women,characterized by excessive consumption of cereals,eggs,and meats,while their intake of vegetables,fruits,and dairy products was inadequate.According to dietary balance index for postpartum women,66.25%of mothers showed varying degrees of excessive intake.45.31%of mothers experienced varying levels of insufficient intake,with only 19.86%of participants having a relatively balanced diet.Occupational differences were observed,with women in the commercial employment group showing higher levels of excessive food intake.The analysis of influencing factors showed that family monthly income,maternity leave,and postpartum care significantly affected the dietary quality.Conclusions:Postpartum women in Beijing experience widespread dietary imbalances,with both excesses and deficiencies.Occupational context and related factors significantly shape diet quality.These findings highlight the need for targeted nutritional interventions tailored to the specific challenges of different occupational groups.展开更多
Objective We aimed to investigate the patterns of fasting blood glucose(FBG)trajectories and analyze the relationship between various occupational hazard factors and FBG trajectories in male steelworkers.Methods The s...Objective We aimed to investigate the patterns of fasting blood glucose(FBG)trajectories and analyze the relationship between various occupational hazard factors and FBG trajectories in male steelworkers.Methods The study cohort included 3,728 workers who met the selection criteria for the Tanggang Occupational Cohort(TGOC)between 2017 and 2022.A group-based trajectory model was used to identify the FBG trajectories.Environmental risk scores(ERS)were constructed using regression coefficients from the occupational hazard model as weights.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the effects of occupational hazard factors using the ERS on FBG trajectories.Results FBG trajectories were categorized into three groups.An association was observed between high temperature,noise exposure,and FBG trajectory(P<0.05).Using the first quartile group of ERS1 as a reference,the fourth quartile group of ERS1 had an increased risk of medium and high FBG by 1.90and 2.21 times,respectively(odds ratio[OR]=1.90,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.17–3.10;OR=2.21,95%CI:1.09–4.45).Conclusion An association was observed between occupational hazards based on ERS and FBG trajectories.The risk of FBG trajectory levels increase with an increase in ERS.展开更多
Agricultural workers are among the most vulnerable groups facing occupational health risks,yet their protection remains insufficient globally.Despite employing nearly one-third of the global workforce,agriculture is o...Agricultural workers are among the most vulnerable groups facing occupational health risks,yet their protection remains insufficient globally.Despite employing nearly one-third of the global workforce,agriculture is one of the most hazardous sectors,with risks intensified by climate change and limited regulatory coverage.This commentary examines emerging challenges,research gaps,and policy directions,with a focus on international frameworks and China's recent experiences.While initiatives like Healthy China 2030 and pilot projects using international tools have advanced rural occupational health,major barriers persist,especially for precarious and informal agricultural workers.Strengthening national actions and international coordination is urgently needed.Reviving the Joint ILO/WHO Committee on Occupational Health would help bridge the gap between global commitments and local implementation.Protecting agricultural workers is essential for promoting human rights,advancing public health resilience,and achieving sustainable development goals related to health,labor,and food security.展开更多
Free-ranging yak grazing is a regime specially adapted to high-elevation environments across the Pan-Tibetan Highlands, yet its impacts on alpine birds remain poorly understood. The Chinese Monal(Lophophorus lhuysii) ...Free-ranging yak grazing is a regime specially adapted to high-elevation environments across the Pan-Tibetan Highlands, yet its impacts on alpine birds remain poorly understood. The Chinese Monal(Lophophorus lhuysii) is a rare pheasant species that serves as a representative and umbrella species for alpine meadow ecosystems in the mountains of Southwest China, and has long been regarded as threatened by free-ranging yaks. However, the actual impacts and specific mechanisms through which yak grazing influences Chinese Monal have not been empirically tested. Here, we conducted infrared camera monitoring in alpine meadows within the Wolong National Nature Reserve, Sichuan, China, from 2019 to 2022. We analyzed the effects of free-ranging yaks on habitat occupancy, activity pattern, and population density of the Chinese Monal using multispecies occupancy models, kernel density estimations, avoidance attraction ratios, and random encounter models. We found that interactions with yaks affect monal habitat occupancy in conjunction with other ecological factors. Specifically, the presence of yaks alters monals' occupancy responses to variations in grass cover and elevation, causing monals to use habitats with lower grass cover and elevation more frequently. Additionally, the activity patterns of the Chinese Monal and yaks are significantly different, and the presence of yaks significantly prolongs the time until monals re-occupy the same habitats. As an outcome of the cumulative effects of spatial and temporal avoidance, the population density of the Chinese Monal negatively correlated with increasing grazing intensity. This study provides the first empirical evidence of the negative impacts of free-ranging yaks on the Chinese Monal and elucidates the underlying mechanisms, highlighting great risks to conservation of this vulnerable species. Our findings inform the optimization of grazing management that balances production with conservation. Strict control over yak numbers and grazing areas in critical habitats for Chinese Monal and other threatened species could be a feasible compromise to mitigate these pressures.展开更多
This study sought to analyze the occupational habits of immigrant workers in the formal Brazilian labor market from a sociological perspective.It was understood that a study on occupation should observe professional a...This study sought to analyze the occupational habits of immigrant workers in the formal Brazilian labor market from a sociological perspective.It was understood that a study on occupation should observe professional and employment history,which may include an analysis over time of workers in the same profession or in periods of professional mobility.In order to understand occupational trajectories and related aspects,this study used data that were collected through semi-structured interviews and surveys with immigrant workers who were employed in the Brazilian formal labor market.The interviews and surveys revealed a strong polarization among the immigrant workers present in Brazil-while a small part holds highly skilled occupations,the majority participate at the base of the productivity hierarchy.展开更多
Objective:To explore the associations between income levels,employment risk,lifestyles,occupational stress,and male fertility.Methods:This cross-sectional study analyzed 294 men seeking fertility treatment at fertilit...Objective:To explore the associations between income levels,employment risk,lifestyles,occupational stress,and male fertility.Methods:This cross-sectional study analyzed 294 men seeking fertility treatment at fertility clinics in Terengganu,Pahang,and Kuala Lumpur from November 2021 to June 2023.Data were collected through structured questionnaires covering income levels,lifestyles,employment risks,occupational stress,and semen quality.Multinomial logistic regression was employed to assess predictors of semen quality,with crude and adjusted odds ratios(OR)reported.Results:The lower-income group exhibited higher odds of having abnormal semen quality compared to normal semen quality.Specifically,these participants were more likely to experience azoospermia[crude OR 6.68,95%confidence interval(CI)1.84-52.63;adjusted OR 6.26,95%CI 1.76-51.38],indicating a link between low income and infertility issues.Lifestyle factors did not show significant associations with semen abnormalities after adjustment.High employment risks had significant associations with oligozoospermia after adjustment(crude OR 5.50,95%CI 2.14-14.11;adjusted OR 5.15,95%CI 1.93-13.71),while high occupational stress was linked to asthenozoospermia(crude OR 2.26,95%CI 1.09-4.68;adjusted OR 2.25,95%CI 1.07-4.69).Conclusions:The findings underscore the influence of socioeconomic and occupational factors on male fertility,showing associations between lower income levels,high-risk occupations,and semen abnormalities.In contrast,lifestyle factors did not show significant associations with semen abnormalities after adjustment.Nevertheless,the current findings should be further confirmed through more extensive studies focusing on abnormal semen and lifestyle factors.展开更多
Evidence on the association of occupational exposure to benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene,and xylene(BTEX)with hematologic and hepatic profiles were equivocal,and few studies have investigated overall effect of BTEX mixtur...Evidence on the association of occupational exposure to benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene,and xylene(BTEX)with hematologic and hepatic profiles were equivocal,and few studies have investigated overall effect of BTEX mixtures.Herein,significant higher concentrations(p<0.05)of hippuric acid,1,2-dihydroxybenzene,mandelic acid,trans,trans-muconic acid and phenylglyoxylic acid were found in petrochemical workers than the controls,in accordance with higher levels of hematologic and hepatic profiles found in petrochemical workers(p<0.05).Occupational exposure to individual BTEX was associated with elevated levels of white blood cell(WBC),lymphocyte(LYMPH),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),and gamma-glutamyl transferase(GGT).Further,the Weighted Quantile Sum Regression model and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression model consistently identified a positive associa-tion between BTEX mixture exposure and WBC,LYMPH,and GGT.Xylene was the primary contributor to increased WBC,LYMPH,and GGT levels.Furthermore,BTEX exposure resulting in the increased inflammation indices were mainly related to perturbations of sphingolipid metabolism,biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids,and primary bile acid biosynthesis.Whereas metabolites mediated the correlation between BTEX exposure and liver function indiceswere related to the perturbations of biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids,arachidonic acid metabolism,sphingolipid metabolism,primary bile acid biosynthesis,etc.Our findings revealed potential health risk of occupational exposure to BTEX andmight help one to understand the link between BTEX exposure and hematologic and hepatic profiles.展开更多
Occupational structural transformation is a common pattern during the steady growth of GDP per capita in major economies worldwide.In recent years,there has been a decline in the employment share of goods occupation a...Occupational structural transformation is a common pattern during the steady growth of GDP per capita in major economies worldwide.In recent years,there has been a decline in the employment share of goods occupation and an increase in service occupation within the Chinese manufacturing industry,presenting a trend of occupational structural transformation and rapid development of service-oriented manufacturing.It is an important driving force and typical performance of the high-end,intelligent,and green development of the manufacturing industry.As a strategic general technology which leads the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation,artificial intelligence(AI)has become a new fundamental force to accelerate the occupational structural transformation and service-oriented manufacturing development in China.Thus,this paper establishes a dynamic general equilibrium model with AI technology and occupational heterogeneity,showing the endogenous mechanism of occupational structural transformation.We find that when AI technology is biased towards goods occupation,and the elasticity of substitution between goods occupation and service occupation is less than 1,then AI will drive the transformation of occupational structure from goods to service within the manufacturing sector,increase the proportion of service-oriented manufacturing,improve labor productivity of manufacturing relative to service and stabilize the real output share of manufacturing.Promoting deeper integration of different occupations,intensifying R&D in AI technology and reducing labor mobility barriers between occupations can effectively accelerate the occupational structural transformation and industrial structural upgrading.We use theoretical analysis and numerical simulation method to show the theoretical mechanism by which AI affects occupational structural transformation and industrial structural transformation from a macroeconomic perspective,and put forward policy implications on how to promote the service-oriented manufacturing development and accelerate the construction of modern industrial system through AI innovation.展开更多
Based on the demand for complex English talents for the high-quality construction of“Belt and Road,”the study proposes a curriculum restructuring program oriented on“serving professional teaching,career development...Based on the demand for complex English talents for the high-quality construction of“Belt and Road,”the study proposes a curriculum restructuring program oriented on“serving professional teaching,career development,and quality development”in response to the real problems of the current university English curriculum,such as focusing on language but not on application,insufficient vocational relevance,and low degree of integration with the professional field.We propose a curriculum reconstruction plan oriented to“serve professional teaching,career development,and quality development.”We have constructed a three-in-one curriculum goal of“laying a foundation for professionalism,infiltrating humanity,and empowering development,”systematically designed a curriculum content system of“language foundation,industry knowledge,and quality development,”and established an AI-enabled multi-intelligence evaluation system.This will promote the transformation of university English from single-language teaching to a service-oriented curriculum that supports professional development,and cultivate internationalized talents with both workplace language application skills and cross-cultural communication literacy.The study highlights the“vocational”characteristics and“service”functions of college English,and provides an actionable,practical path for the reform of college English curriculum in vocational undergraduate colleges.展开更多
With the development of the international education environment and the continuous reform of higher education in China,the working pace in universities is accelerating,with higher requirements for university work and ...With the development of the international education environment and the continuous reform of higher education in China,the working pace in universities is accelerating,with higher requirements for university work and increasingly apparent pressure on teachers.Young teachers in Chinese universities are prone to occupational stress.In addition to undertaking teaching,research,and other tasks,they feel anxious and at a loss when facing personal issues such as job promotion and taking care of their families.This article selects young teachers from some universities in China as research subjects and uses a questionnaire survey method to understand the current situation and sources of pressure on young teachers in universities,so as to focus on and alleviate their stress in a targeted manner.展开更多
As the core department in medical institutions responsible for cleaning,disinfecting,sterilizing,and supplying reusable medical devices,instruments,and items,the quality of work in the disinfection supply center direc...As the core department in medical institutions responsible for cleaning,disinfecting,sterilizing,and supplying reusable medical devices,instruments,and items,the quality of work in the disinfection supply center directly impacts medical safety and infection control effectiveness.Professional protective training for personnel is crucial to ensure operational quality in this department.Systematic training enhances staff awareness of occupational exposure risks,standardizes protective measures in procedures,reduces cross-infection risks caused by improper operations,and ultimately lowers infection transmission risks.This paper analyzes the core content,implementation approaches,and practical role of professional protective training for disinfection supply center personnel in infection control.It aims to clarify the significant value of such training,providing references for medical institutions to optimize disinfection center management and strengthen infection control systems,thereby contributing to improved overall medical safety standards.展开更多
With the civilization and modernization of human society,occupational health has emerged as a fundamental goal of social justice,as highlighted in the United Nations'Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)since 2016.S...With the civilization and modernization of human society,occupational health has emerged as a fundamental goal of social justice,as highlighted in the United Nations'Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)since 2016.Specifically,"SDG Goal 1:No Poverty","SDG 3:Good Health and Well-being",and"SDG 8:Decent Work and Economic Growth",are interconnected with other SDGs to support the pursuit of occupational health.展开更多
The approach of Li and Zhou(2014)is adopted to find the Laplace transform of occupation time over interval(0,a)and joint occupation times over semi-infinite intervals(-∞,a)and(b,∞)for a time-homogeneous diffusion pr...The approach of Li and Zhou(2014)is adopted to find the Laplace transform of occupation time over interval(0,a)and joint occupation times over semi-infinite intervals(-∞,a)and(b,∞)for a time-homogeneous diffusion process up to an independent exponential time e_(q)for 0<a<b.The results are expressed in terms of solutions to the differential equations associated with the diffusion generator.Applying these results,we obtain explicit expressions on the Laplace transform of occupation time and joint occupation time for Brownian motion with drift.展开更多
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory skin condition characterized by painful nodules, abscesses, and scarring, primarily affecting areas rich in apocrine glands. Environmental and occupational risk...Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory skin condition characterized by painful nodules, abscesses, and scarring, primarily affecting areas rich in apocrine glands. Environmental and occupational risk factors, including prolonged exposure to heat, friction, and certain chemicals, have been identified as exacerbating conditions for HS. Yet, there remains a lack of tailored recommendations for modifying work environments to alleviate these triggers. This review presents novel suggestions for work modifications to reduce HS flare-ups, such as implementing breathable, friction-reducing workwear, ergonomic adjustments to minimize pressure on affected areas, and introducing low-irritant hygiene protocols in workplaces with chemical exposure. These recommendations are grounded in emerging evidence linking specific occupational exposures to the exacerbation of HS symptoms. The novelty of this approach lies in its proactive stance, shifting from reactive management of HS symptoms to preventative environmental modifications. Future studies should explore the long-term efficacy of these modifications and investigate the potential for personalized work environment adjustments based on individual patient profiles. Targeted workplace interventions may significantly improve the quality of life for HS patients, highlighting the need for multidisciplinary collaboration between dermatologists, occupational health specialists, and employers.展开更多
P2-Na_(0.67)Ni_(0.33)Mn_(0.67)O_(2)(NNMO)is promising cathode material for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to its high specific capacity and fast Na+diffusion rate.Nonetheless,the irreversible P2-O_(2)phase transformati...P2-Na_(0.67)Ni_(0.33)Mn_(0.67)O_(2)(NNMO)is promising cathode material for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to its high specific capacity and fast Na+diffusion rate.Nonetheless,the irreversible P2-O_(2)phase transformation,Na+/vacancy ordering,and transition metal(TM)dissolution seriously damage its cycling stability and restrict its commercialization process.Herein,Na occupation manipulation and interface stabilization are proposed to strengthen the phase structure of NNMO by synergistic Zn/Ti co-doping and introducing lithium difluorophosp(LiPO_(2)F_(2))film-forming electrolyte additive.The Zn/Ti co-doping regulates the occupancy ratio of Nae/Nafat Na sites and disorganizes the Na+/vacancy ordering,resulting in a faster Na+diffusion kinetics and reversible P2-Z phase transition for P2-Na_(0.67)Ni_(0.28)Zn_(0.05)Mn_(0.62)Ti_(0.05)O_(2)(NNZMTO).Meanwhile,the LiPO_(2)F_(2)additive can form homogeneous and ultrathin cathode-electrolyte interphase(CEI)on NNZMTO surface,which can stabilize the NNZMTO-electrolyte interface to prevent TM dissolution,surface structure transformation,and micro-crack generation.Combination studies of in situ and ex situ characterizations and theoretical calculations were used to elucidate the storage mechanism of NNZMTO with Li PO_(2)F_(2)additive.As a result,the NNZMTO displays outstanding capacity retention of 94.44%after 500 cycles at 1C with 0.3 wt%Li PO_(2)F_(2),excellent rate performance of 92.5 mA h g^(-1)at 8C with 0.1 wt%Li PO_(2)F_(2),and remarkable full cell capability.This work highlights the important role of manipulating Na occupation and constructing protective film in the design of layered materials,which provides a promising direction for developing high-performance cathodes for SIBs.展开更多
The high-temperature pyrolysis process for preparing M–N–C single-atom catalyst usually results in high heterogeneity in product structure concurrently contains multiscale metal phases from single atoms(SAs),atomic ...The high-temperature pyrolysis process for preparing M–N–C single-atom catalyst usually results in high heterogeneity in product structure concurrently contains multiscale metal phases from single atoms(SAs),atomic clusters to nanoparticles.Therefore,understanding the interactions among these components,especially the synergistic effects between single atomic sites and cluster sites,is crucial for improving the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)activity of M–N–C catalysts.Accordingly,herein,we constructed a model catalyst composed of both atomically dispersed FeN4 SA sites and adjacent Fe clusters through a site occupation strategy.We found that the Fe clusters can optimize the adsorption strength of oxygen reduction intermediates on FeN4 SA sites by introducing electron-withdrawing–OH ligands and decreasing the d-band center of the Fe center.The as-developed catalyst exhibits encouraging ORR activity with halfwave potentials(E1/2)of 0.831 and 0.905 V in acidic and alkaline media,respectively.Moreover,the catalyst also represents excellent durability exceeding that of Fe–N–C SA catalyst.The practical application of Fe(Cd)–CNx catalyst is further validated by its superior activity and stability in a metalair battery device.Our work exhibits the great potential of synergistic effects between multiphase metal species for improvements of singleatom site catalysts.展开更多
To improve the passive safety of high-speed trains,it is very important to understand the mechanism of head injury in high-speed train collisions.In this study,the head injury mechanisms of occupants in high-speed tra...To improve the passive safety of high-speed trains,it is very important to understand the mechanism of head injury in high-speed train collisions.In this study,the head injury mechanisms of occupants in high-speed train rear-end collisions were investigated based on the occupant-seat coupling model,which included a dummy representing the Chinese 50th percentile adult male.The typical injury responses in terms of skull fractures,brain contusions,and diffuse axonal injury(DAI)were analyzed.Meanwhile,the influences of collision speed and seat parameters on head injury response were examined.The simulation results indicate that the skull fractures primarily occur at the skull base region due to excessive neck extension,while the brain contusions and DAI result from the relative displacement of different brain regions.The increase in collision speed will promote the probability of skull fracture,brain contusion,and DAI.Seat design modifications,such as reduced seat spacing,increased seat backrest angles,and selecting the appropriate cushion angle(76°)and friction coefficient(0.15),can effectively mitigate probably occupant's head injury.展开更多
文摘Objective:Through retrospective analysis of a case of occupational noise-induced hearing loss(NIHL)diagnosis and two-grade appraisal,this study explores the causes of inconsistency between diagnosis and appraisal conclusions,aiming to improve occupational health management.Methods:Data including occupational history,workplace noise exposure levels,pure-tone audiometry(PTA),and objective audiological tests were collected and analyzed.Results:Both municipal and provincial appraisals contradicted the initial diagnostic conclusion of“moderate occupational NIHL”.Conclusion:The diagnosis of occupational NIHL requires multidisciplinary expertise and is influenced by subjective factors.Appraisal institutions should adopt evidence-based approaches,integrate objective tests with PTA results,and comprehensively evaluate occupational exposure history to ensure scientific and impartial conclusions.
文摘Objective:To analyze the trends in occupational environmental hazardous factors and health damage,and to assess the degree of occupational health risks.Methods:A total of 1,733 occupational disease monitoring data points from workplaces collected by the Yangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention from January 2019 to December 2021 were selected to evaluate occupational hazard factors and occupational health risk levels.Results:Over the three-year period,there were 525 monitoring samples for dust exposure,with an exceedance rate of 1.71%(9/525);791 monitoring samples for noise exposure,with an exceedance rate of 4.42%(35/791);and 417 monitoring samples for chemical toxins(exogenous)exposure,with an exceedance rate of 1.68%(7/417).A comprehensive evaluation of exceedance factors revealed that high-risk factors included silica dust and benzene,classified as Level 4,while medium-risk factors encompassed manganese and xylene,including their compounds,classified as Level 3.Conclusion:After long-term monitoring of multiple workplaces in the city,it was found that there were certain occupational hazard factors,specifically involving dust or noise,as well as related factors of chemical toxins.Among these,silica dust and benzene posed the highest risks,while manganese and xylene also carried relatively high risks.It is necessary to strengthen occupational disease prevention and management to reduce the occurrence risks.
基金Project supported by Anhui Natural Science(1808085ME136)。
文摘Eu^(2+)ions'occupancy in a-cordierite structure has been a hot research topic.In this study,Eu^(2+)ions were introduced intoα-Mg_(2)Al_(4)Si_(5)O_(18)structure by glass skeleton modification relaxation crystallization route,and optimizing Eu^(2+)ions'occupancy was induced by changing the skeleton structure through Al^(3+)content and B^(3+)-P^(5+)double substituting 2Si4+.Three occupied luminescent structures'evolution was verified by combining photo luminescence spectra and lattice parameters.The results show that within the range of Al^(3+)content lower than 1.1 mol or B^(3+)-P^(5+)content higher than 3 mol%,the lattice parameters are dominated by the a/b direction.This is beneficial for Eu^(2+)ions to occupy structural channel sites and Ca^(2+)sites,which forms occupied luminescent structures Eu^(2+)_(vac)and Eu^(2+)_(Ca).When the Al^(3+)content is higher than 1.1 mol or B^(3+)-P^(5+)content is lower than 3 mol%,the lattice parameters are dominated by c direction,which is more conducive to Eu^(2+)ions occupying Mg2+sites and occupied luminescent structure Eu^(2+)_(Mg)formation.By sensitivity calculations,occupancy priority of Eu^(2+)ions are derived as Eu^(2+)_(Ca)>Eu^(2+)_(vac)>Eu^(2+)_(Mg).This study provides an effective strategy to modulate Eu^(2+)occupancy thereby achieving single-component white light emission.
基金supported by an Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (Grant No.2019-I2M-2-007).
文摘Objective:Postpartum nutrition plays a critical role in maternal recovery and long-term health.However,the nutritional status of working mothers in the postpartum period remains understudied.This study aimed to assess the dietary quality of postpartum women in urban Beijing,identify occupational-related factors influencing their diet,and explore potential interventions to improve maternal nutrition during the postpartum period.Methods:In this cross-sectional analysis,554 women one year after delivery were recruited from ten community health centers.Sociodemographic,occupational and postpartum care variables were collected via questionnaire.Dietary intake over the preceding year was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire.The modified dietary balance index for postpartum women were used for dietary quality assessment.Results:The study revealed severe dietary imbalances among postpartum women,characterized by excessive consumption of cereals,eggs,and meats,while their intake of vegetables,fruits,and dairy products was inadequate.According to dietary balance index for postpartum women,66.25%of mothers showed varying degrees of excessive intake.45.31%of mothers experienced varying levels of insufficient intake,with only 19.86%of participants having a relatively balanced diet.Occupational differences were observed,with women in the commercial employment group showing higher levels of excessive food intake.The analysis of influencing factors showed that family monthly income,maternity leave,and postpartum care significantly affected the dietary quality.Conclusions:Postpartum women in Beijing experience widespread dietary imbalances,with both excesses and deficiencies.Occupational context and related factors significantly shape diet quality.These findings highlight the need for targeted nutritional interventions tailored to the specific challenges of different occupational groups.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(grant number:2016YF0900605)the Key Research and Development Program of Hebei Province(grant number:192777129D)+1 种基金the Joint Fund for Iron and Steel of the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(grant number:H2016209058)the National Natural Science Foundation for Regional Joint Fund of China(grant number:U22A20364)。
文摘Objective We aimed to investigate the patterns of fasting blood glucose(FBG)trajectories and analyze the relationship between various occupational hazard factors and FBG trajectories in male steelworkers.Methods The study cohort included 3,728 workers who met the selection criteria for the Tanggang Occupational Cohort(TGOC)between 2017 and 2022.A group-based trajectory model was used to identify the FBG trajectories.Environmental risk scores(ERS)were constructed using regression coefficients from the occupational hazard model as weights.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the effects of occupational hazard factors using the ERS on FBG trajectories.Results FBG trajectories were categorized into three groups.An association was observed between high temperature,noise exposure,and FBG trajectory(P<0.05).Using the first quartile group of ERS1 as a reference,the fourth quartile group of ERS1 had an increased risk of medium and high FBG by 1.90and 2.21 times,respectively(odds ratio[OR]=1.90,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.17–3.10;OR=2.21,95%CI:1.09–4.45).Conclusion An association was observed between occupational hazards based on ERS and FBG trajectories.The risk of FBG trajectory levels increase with an increase in ERS.
基金the Project to Carry Out International Expert Consultation and Promote the Alignment of China's Occupational Health with International High-Standard Technical Rules(2024-2025)which is funded by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security of the People's Republic of China(Grant No.H20240785).
文摘Agricultural workers are among the most vulnerable groups facing occupational health risks,yet their protection remains insufficient globally.Despite employing nearly one-third of the global workforce,agriculture is one of the most hazardous sectors,with risks intensified by climate change and limited regulatory coverage.This commentary examines emerging challenges,research gaps,and policy directions,with a focus on international frameworks and China's recent experiences.While initiatives like Healthy China 2030 and pilot projects using international tools have advanced rural occupational health,major barriers persist,especially for precarious and informal agricultural workers.Strengthening national actions and international coordination is urgently needed.Reviving the Joint ILO/WHO Committee on Occupational Health would help bridge the gap between global commitments and local implementation.Protecting agricultural workers is essential for promoting human rights,advancing public health resilience,and achieving sustainable development goals related to health,labor,and food security.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32000354)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province (2022NSFSC0123)+1 种基金the Innovation Team Funds of China West Normal University (KCXTD 2024-5)the Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve Administration Bureau (cxycs [2023]016)。
文摘Free-ranging yak grazing is a regime specially adapted to high-elevation environments across the Pan-Tibetan Highlands, yet its impacts on alpine birds remain poorly understood. The Chinese Monal(Lophophorus lhuysii) is a rare pheasant species that serves as a representative and umbrella species for alpine meadow ecosystems in the mountains of Southwest China, and has long been regarded as threatened by free-ranging yaks. However, the actual impacts and specific mechanisms through which yak grazing influences Chinese Monal have not been empirically tested. Here, we conducted infrared camera monitoring in alpine meadows within the Wolong National Nature Reserve, Sichuan, China, from 2019 to 2022. We analyzed the effects of free-ranging yaks on habitat occupancy, activity pattern, and population density of the Chinese Monal using multispecies occupancy models, kernel density estimations, avoidance attraction ratios, and random encounter models. We found that interactions with yaks affect monal habitat occupancy in conjunction with other ecological factors. Specifically, the presence of yaks alters monals' occupancy responses to variations in grass cover and elevation, causing monals to use habitats with lower grass cover and elevation more frequently. Additionally, the activity patterns of the Chinese Monal and yaks are significantly different, and the presence of yaks significantly prolongs the time until monals re-occupy the same habitats. As an outcome of the cumulative effects of spatial and temporal avoidance, the population density of the Chinese Monal negatively correlated with increasing grazing intensity. This study provides the first empirical evidence of the negative impacts of free-ranging yaks on the Chinese Monal and elucidates the underlying mechanisms, highlighting great risks to conservation of this vulnerable species. Our findings inform the optimization of grazing management that balances production with conservation. Strict control over yak numbers and grazing areas in critical habitats for Chinese Monal and other threatened species could be a feasible compromise to mitigate these pressures.
文摘This study sought to analyze the occupational habits of immigrant workers in the formal Brazilian labor market from a sociological perspective.It was understood that a study on occupation should observe professional and employment history,which may include an analysis over time of workers in the same profession or in periods of professional mobility.In order to understand occupational trajectories and related aspects,this study used data that were collected through semi-structured interviews and surveys with immigrant workers who were employed in the Brazilian formal labor market.The interviews and surveys revealed a strong polarization among the immigrant workers present in Brazil-while a small part holds highly skilled occupations,the majority participate at the base of the productivity hierarchy.
基金supported by Malaysia's Ministry of Higher Education through the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme(FRGS)under the reference code FRGS/1/2020/SS0/UMT/02/3 and vote number 59637.
文摘Objective:To explore the associations between income levels,employment risk,lifestyles,occupational stress,and male fertility.Methods:This cross-sectional study analyzed 294 men seeking fertility treatment at fertility clinics in Terengganu,Pahang,and Kuala Lumpur from November 2021 to June 2023.Data were collected through structured questionnaires covering income levels,lifestyles,employment risks,occupational stress,and semen quality.Multinomial logistic regression was employed to assess predictors of semen quality,with crude and adjusted odds ratios(OR)reported.Results:The lower-income group exhibited higher odds of having abnormal semen quality compared to normal semen quality.Specifically,these participants were more likely to experience azoospermia[crude OR 6.68,95%confidence interval(CI)1.84-52.63;adjusted OR 6.26,95%CI 1.76-51.38],indicating a link between low income and infertility issues.Lifestyle factors did not show significant associations with semen abnormalities after adjustment.High employment risks had significant associations with oligozoospermia after adjustment(crude OR 5.50,95%CI 2.14-14.11;adjusted OR 5.15,95%CI 1.93-13.71),while high occupational stress was linked to asthenozoospermia(crude OR 2.26,95%CI 1.09-4.68;adjusted OR 2.25,95%CI 1.07-4.69).Conclusions:The findings underscore the influence of socioeconomic and occupational factors on male fertility,showing associations between lower income levels,high-risk occupations,and semen abnormalities.In contrast,lifestyle factors did not show significant associations with semen abnormalities after adjustment.Nevertheless,the current findings should be further confirmed through more extensive studies focusing on abnormal semen and lifestyle factors.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project(Nos.2019YFC1804503 and 2019YFC1804502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42307477 and 42207485)Guangdong Provincial Key R&D Program(No.2022-GDUT-A0007).
文摘Evidence on the association of occupational exposure to benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene,and xylene(BTEX)with hematologic and hepatic profiles were equivocal,and few studies have investigated overall effect of BTEX mixtures.Herein,significant higher concentrations(p<0.05)of hippuric acid,1,2-dihydroxybenzene,mandelic acid,trans,trans-muconic acid and phenylglyoxylic acid were found in petrochemical workers than the controls,in accordance with higher levels of hematologic and hepatic profiles found in petrochemical workers(p<0.05).Occupational exposure to individual BTEX was associated with elevated levels of white blood cell(WBC),lymphocyte(LYMPH),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),and gamma-glutamyl transferase(GGT).Further,the Weighted Quantile Sum Regression model and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression model consistently identified a positive associa-tion between BTEX mixture exposure and WBC,LYMPH,and GGT.Xylene was the primary contributor to increased WBC,LYMPH,and GGT levels.Furthermore,BTEX exposure resulting in the increased inflammation indices were mainly related to perturbations of sphingolipid metabolism,biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids,and primary bile acid biosynthesis.Whereas metabolites mediated the correlation between BTEX exposure and liver function indiceswere related to the perturbations of biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids,arachidonic acid metabolism,sphingolipid metabolism,primary bile acid biosynthesis,etc.Our findings revealed potential health risk of occupational exposure to BTEX andmight help one to understand the link between BTEX exposure and hematologic and hepatic profiles.
基金This study was supported by:The Late-Stage Support Program of the National Social Science Fund of China“Supply-Side Structural Reform and the Dual Structural Transformation of China's Economy”(Grant No.22FJLB009)The National Natural Science Fund of China for Young Scholars“The Dual Structural Transformation of China’s Economy:A Theoretical Analysis and Empirical Test Based on the Supply-Side Structural Reform”(Grant No.71703056).
文摘Occupational structural transformation is a common pattern during the steady growth of GDP per capita in major economies worldwide.In recent years,there has been a decline in the employment share of goods occupation and an increase in service occupation within the Chinese manufacturing industry,presenting a trend of occupational structural transformation and rapid development of service-oriented manufacturing.It is an important driving force and typical performance of the high-end,intelligent,and green development of the manufacturing industry.As a strategic general technology which leads the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation,artificial intelligence(AI)has become a new fundamental force to accelerate the occupational structural transformation and service-oriented manufacturing development in China.Thus,this paper establishes a dynamic general equilibrium model with AI technology and occupational heterogeneity,showing the endogenous mechanism of occupational structural transformation.We find that when AI technology is biased towards goods occupation,and the elasticity of substitution between goods occupation and service occupation is less than 1,then AI will drive the transformation of occupational structure from goods to service within the manufacturing sector,increase the proportion of service-oriented manufacturing,improve labor productivity of manufacturing relative to service and stabilize the real output share of manufacturing.Promoting deeper integration of different occupations,intensifying R&D in AI technology and reducing labor mobility barriers between occupations can effectively accelerate the occupational structural transformation and industrial structural upgrading.We use theoretical analysis and numerical simulation method to show the theoretical mechanism by which AI affects occupational structural transformation and industrial structural transformation from a macroeconomic perspective,and put forward policy implications on how to promote the service-oriented manufacturing development and accelerate the construction of modern industrial system through AI innovation.
基金Special Project of Foreign Language Education Reform in Vocational Colleges and Universities in 2023 by the Foreign Language Education Working Committee of China Society for Vocational and Technical Education(WYW2023A05)Teaching Reform Project of Shandong Vocational and Technical University of International Studies(JG202314).
文摘Based on the demand for complex English talents for the high-quality construction of“Belt and Road,”the study proposes a curriculum restructuring program oriented on“serving professional teaching,career development,and quality development”in response to the real problems of the current university English curriculum,such as focusing on language but not on application,insufficient vocational relevance,and low degree of integration with the professional field.We propose a curriculum reconstruction plan oriented to“serve professional teaching,career development,and quality development.”We have constructed a three-in-one curriculum goal of“laying a foundation for professionalism,infiltrating humanity,and empowering development,”systematically designed a curriculum content system of“language foundation,industry knowledge,and quality development,”and established an AI-enabled multi-intelligence evaluation system.This will promote the transformation of university English from single-language teaching to a service-oriented curriculum that supports professional development,and cultivate internationalized talents with both workplace language application skills and cross-cultural communication literacy.The study highlights the“vocational”characteristics and“service”functions of college English,and provides an actionable,practical path for the reform of college English curriculum in vocational undergraduate colleges.
基金Key Project of Education Science Planning in Jiangsu Province in 2024“Research on Risk Generation and Governance of Education Intelligence from the Perspective of Social Narrative”(B-b/2024/01/192)。
文摘With the development of the international education environment and the continuous reform of higher education in China,the working pace in universities is accelerating,with higher requirements for university work and increasingly apparent pressure on teachers.Young teachers in Chinese universities are prone to occupational stress.In addition to undertaking teaching,research,and other tasks,they feel anxious and at a loss when facing personal issues such as job promotion and taking care of their families.This article selects young teachers from some universities in China as research subjects and uses a questionnaire survey method to understand the current situation and sources of pressure on young teachers in universities,so as to focus on and alleviate their stress in a targeted manner.
文摘As the core department in medical institutions responsible for cleaning,disinfecting,sterilizing,and supplying reusable medical devices,instruments,and items,the quality of work in the disinfection supply center directly impacts medical safety and infection control effectiveness.Professional protective training for personnel is crucial to ensure operational quality in this department.Systematic training enhances staff awareness of occupational exposure risks,standardizes protective measures in procedures,reduces cross-infection risks caused by improper operations,and ultimately lowers infection transmission risks.This paper analyzes the core content,implementation approaches,and practical role of professional protective training for disinfection supply center personnel in infection control.It aims to clarify the significant value of such training,providing references for medical institutions to optimize disinfection center management and strengthen infection control systems,thereby contributing to improved overall medical safety standards.
文摘With the civilization and modernization of human society,occupational health has emerged as a fundamental goal of social justice,as highlighted in the United Nations'Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)since 2016.Specifically,"SDG Goal 1:No Poverty","SDG 3:Good Health and Well-being",and"SDG 8:Decent Work and Economic Growth",are interconnected with other SDGs to support the pursuit of occupational health.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12271062,11731012)by the Hunan Provincial National Natural Science Foundation of China(2019JJ50405)。
文摘The approach of Li and Zhou(2014)is adopted to find the Laplace transform of occupation time over interval(0,a)and joint occupation times over semi-infinite intervals(-∞,a)and(b,∞)for a time-homogeneous diffusion process up to an independent exponential time e_(q)for 0<a<b.The results are expressed in terms of solutions to the differential equations associated with the diffusion generator.Applying these results,we obtain explicit expressions on the Laplace transform of occupation time and joint occupation time for Brownian motion with drift.
文摘Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory skin condition characterized by painful nodules, abscesses, and scarring, primarily affecting areas rich in apocrine glands. Environmental and occupational risk factors, including prolonged exposure to heat, friction, and certain chemicals, have been identified as exacerbating conditions for HS. Yet, there remains a lack of tailored recommendations for modifying work environments to alleviate these triggers. This review presents novel suggestions for work modifications to reduce HS flare-ups, such as implementing breathable, friction-reducing workwear, ergonomic adjustments to minimize pressure on affected areas, and introducing low-irritant hygiene protocols in workplaces with chemical exposure. These recommendations are grounded in emerging evidence linking specific occupational exposures to the exacerbation of HS symptoms. The novelty of this approach lies in its proactive stance, shifting from reactive management of HS symptoms to preventative environmental modifications. Future studies should explore the long-term efficacy of these modifications and investigate the potential for personalized work environment adjustments based on individual patient profiles. Targeted workplace interventions may significantly improve the quality of life for HS patients, highlighting the need for multidisciplinary collaboration between dermatologists, occupational health specialists, and employers.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2023MB017,ZR2021QB055,ZR2020QB014,ZR2022JQ10)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21901146,220781792,52007110)the Taishan Scholar Foundation (tsqn201812063)。
文摘P2-Na_(0.67)Ni_(0.33)Mn_(0.67)O_(2)(NNMO)is promising cathode material for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to its high specific capacity and fast Na+diffusion rate.Nonetheless,the irreversible P2-O_(2)phase transformation,Na+/vacancy ordering,and transition metal(TM)dissolution seriously damage its cycling stability and restrict its commercialization process.Herein,Na occupation manipulation and interface stabilization are proposed to strengthen the phase structure of NNMO by synergistic Zn/Ti co-doping and introducing lithium difluorophosp(LiPO_(2)F_(2))film-forming electrolyte additive.The Zn/Ti co-doping regulates the occupancy ratio of Nae/Nafat Na sites and disorganizes the Na+/vacancy ordering,resulting in a faster Na+diffusion kinetics and reversible P2-Z phase transition for P2-Na_(0.67)Ni_(0.28)Zn_(0.05)Mn_(0.62)Ti_(0.05)O_(2)(NNZMTO).Meanwhile,the LiPO_(2)F_(2)additive can form homogeneous and ultrathin cathode-electrolyte interphase(CEI)on NNZMTO surface,which can stabilize the NNZMTO-electrolyte interface to prevent TM dissolution,surface structure transformation,and micro-crack generation.Combination studies of in situ and ex situ characterizations and theoretical calculations were used to elucidate the storage mechanism of NNZMTO with Li PO_(2)F_(2)additive.As a result,the NNZMTO displays outstanding capacity retention of 94.44%after 500 cycles at 1C with 0.3 wt%Li PO_(2)F_(2),excellent rate performance of 92.5 mA h g^(-1)at 8C with 0.1 wt%Li PO_(2)F_(2),and remarkable full cell capability.This work highlights the important role of manipulating Na occupation and constructing protective film in the design of layered materials,which provides a promising direction for developing high-performance cathodes for SIBs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22109100,22075203)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022A1515011677)+1 种基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Project Program(JCYJ2021032409420401)Natural Science Foundation of SZU(000002111605).
文摘The high-temperature pyrolysis process for preparing M–N–C single-atom catalyst usually results in high heterogeneity in product structure concurrently contains multiscale metal phases from single atoms(SAs),atomic clusters to nanoparticles.Therefore,understanding the interactions among these components,especially the synergistic effects between single atomic sites and cluster sites,is crucial for improving the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)activity of M–N–C catalysts.Accordingly,herein,we constructed a model catalyst composed of both atomically dispersed FeN4 SA sites and adjacent Fe clusters through a site occupation strategy.We found that the Fe clusters can optimize the adsorption strength of oxygen reduction intermediates on FeN4 SA sites by introducing electron-withdrawing–OH ligands and decreasing the d-band center of the Fe center.The as-developed catalyst exhibits encouraging ORR activity with halfwave potentials(E1/2)of 0.831 and 0.905 V in acidic and alkaline media,respectively.Moreover,the catalyst also represents excellent durability exceeding that of Fe–N–C SA catalyst.The practical application of Fe(Cd)–CNx catalyst is further validated by its superior activity and stability in a metalair battery device.Our work exhibits the great potential of synergistic effects between multiphase metal species for improvements of singleatom site catalysts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12122211)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(Grant No.2022NSFSC0035)。
文摘To improve the passive safety of high-speed trains,it is very important to understand the mechanism of head injury in high-speed train collisions.In this study,the head injury mechanisms of occupants in high-speed train rear-end collisions were investigated based on the occupant-seat coupling model,which included a dummy representing the Chinese 50th percentile adult male.The typical injury responses in terms of skull fractures,brain contusions,and diffuse axonal injury(DAI)were analyzed.Meanwhile,the influences of collision speed and seat parameters on head injury response were examined.The simulation results indicate that the skull fractures primarily occur at the skull base region due to excessive neck extension,while the brain contusions and DAI result from the relative displacement of different brain regions.The increase in collision speed will promote the probability of skull fracture,brain contusion,and DAI.Seat design modifications,such as reduced seat spacing,increased seat backrest angles,and selecting the appropriate cushion angle(76°)and friction coefficient(0.15),can effectively mitigate probably occupant's head injury.
