Lunar occultation observations are useful in refining lunar limb profiles, which will be used for the analysis of solar eclipse observations to detect the variation of the solar diameter, and in detecting the possible...Lunar occultation observations are useful in refining lunar limb profiles, which will be used for the analysis of solar eclipse observations to detect the variation of the solar diameter, and in detecting the possible errors of the Hipparcos proper motion system. Many lunar occultations have been observed in Japan. Some of the results are shown in this paper to encourage people in the world to observe more lunar occultations with better accuracies.展开更多
A 3-D shape model of the sixth largest of the main belt asteroids, (704) Interamnia, is presented. The model is reproduced from its two stellar occultation observations and six lightcurves between 1969 and 2011. The f...A 3-D shape model of the sixth largest of the main belt asteroids, (704) Interamnia, is presented. The model is reproduced from its two stellar occultation observations and six lightcurves between 1969 and 2011. The first stellar occultation was the occultation of TYC 234500183 on 1996 December 17 observed from 13 sites in the USA. An elliptical cross section of (344.6 ± 9.6 km) × (306.2 ± 9.1 km), for position angle P = 73.4 ± 12.5° was fitted. The lightcurve around the occultation shows that the peak-to-peak amplitude was 0.04 mag. and the occultation phase was just before the minimum. The second stellar occultation was the occultation of HIP 036189 on 2003 March 23 observed from 39 sites in Japan and Hawaii. An elliptical cross section of (349.8 ± 0.9 km) × (303.7 ± 1.7 km), for position angle P = 86.0 ± 1.1° was fitted. A companion of 8.5 mag. of the occulted star was discovered whose separation is 12 ± 2 mas (milli-arcseconds), P = 148 ± 11°. A combined analysis of rotational lightcurves and occultation chords can return more information than can be obtained with either technique alone. From follow-up photometric observations of the asteroid between 2003 and 2011, its rotation period is determined to be 8.728967167 ± 0.00000007 hours, which is accurate enough to fix the rotation phases at other occultation events. The derived north pole is λ2000 = 259 ± 8°, β2000 = -50 ± 5° (retrograde rotation);the lengths of the three principal axes are 2a = 361.8 ± 2.8 km, 2b = 324.4 ± 5.0 km, 2c = 297.3 ± 3.5 km, and the mean diameter is D = 326.8 ± 3.0 km. Supposing the mass of Interamnia as (3.5 ± 0.9) × 10-11 solar masses, the density is then ρ = 3.8 ± 1.0 g·cm-3.展开更多
We describe and analyze observations of mutual events of Galilean satellites made at the Yunnan Observatory in February 2003 from CCD imaging for the first time in China. Astrometric positions were deduced from these ...We describe and analyze observations of mutual events of Galilean satellites made at the Yunnan Observatory in February 2003 from CCD imaging for the first time in China. Astrometric positions were deduced from these photometric observations by modelling the relative motion and the photometry of the involved satellites during each event.展开更多
Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide.The leading risk factors for CRC include male gender,age over 50,family history,obesity,tobacco ...Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide.The leading risk factors for CRC include male gender,age over 50,family history,obesity,tobacco smoking,alco-hol consumption,and unhealthy diet.CRC screening methods vary considerably between countries and depend on incidence,economic resources and healthcare structure.Important aspects of screening include adherence,which can vary signi-ficantly across ethnic and socioeconomic groups.Basic concepts of CRC screening include pre-stratification of patients by identifying risk factors and then using fecal immunochemical test or guaiac-based fecal occult blood test and/or colono-scopy or radiologic imaging techniques.Technological capabilities for CRC scree-ning are rapidly evolving and include stool DNA test,liquid biopsy,virtual colo-nography,and the use of artificial intelligence.A CRC prevention strategy should be comprehensive and include active patient education along with targeted imple-mentation of screening.展开更多
This study utilizes radio occultation observations from the Macao Science Satellite-1 mission(MSS-1)to investigate ionospheric response to the May 2024 G5 geomagnetic storm within the South Atlantic Anomaly(SAA)region...This study utilizes radio occultation observations from the Macao Science Satellite-1 mission(MSS-1)to investigate ionospheric response to the May 2024 G5 geomagnetic storm within the South Atlantic Anomaly(SAA)region.The distinctive data from MSS-1,complemented by observations from the ground-based Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)and the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology,Ionosphere,and Climate follow-on satellite mission(COSMIC-2),reveal a super plasma fountain effect during the main phase of the storm.This effect was marked by peaks in the equatorial ionization anomaly that extended beyond their typical latitude range.The MSS-1 observations,particularly in the northern hemisphere of the SAA region,confirm the role of prompt penetration electric fields in driving ionospheric disturbances and amplifying scintillation at higher altitudes.The study also identifies a decrease in total electron content and a reduction in scintillation occurrence during the recovery phase of the storm.The results demonstrate the pivotal role that MSS-1 observations can play,when combined with ground-based and COSMIC-2 observations,in providing a more comprehensive understanding of ionospheric response to severe geomagnetic storms.展开更多
Sporadic E(Es)layers in the ionosphere are characterized by intense plasma irregularities in the E region at altitudes of 90-130 km.Because they can significantly influence radio communications and navigation systems,...Sporadic E(Es)layers in the ionosphere are characterized by intense plasma irregularities in the E region at altitudes of 90-130 km.Because they can significantly influence radio communications and navigation systems,accurate forecasting of Es layers is crucial for ensuring the precision and dependability of navigation satellite systems.In this study,we present Es predictions made by an empirical model and by a deep learning model,and analyze their differences comprehensively by comparing the model predictions to satellite RO measurements and ground-based ionosonde observations.The deep learning model exhibited significantly better performance,as indicated by its high coefficient of correlation(r=0.87)with RO observations and predictions,than did the empirical model(r=0.53).This study highlights the importance of integrating artificial intelligence technology into ionosphere modelling generally,and into predicting Es layer occurrences and characteristics,in particular.展开更多
BACKGROUND In our day-to-day practice,constipation is a common problem in the pediatric population and cause of frequent visit in outpatient and emergency department.But occult constipation(OC)remains as the most unad...BACKGROUND In our day-to-day practice,constipation is a common problem in the pediatric population and cause of frequent visit in outpatient and emergency department.But occult constipation(OC)remains as the most unaddressed problem.AIM To investigate the clinical profile of OC in children.METHODS It was a prospective observational study,done in Bangladesh from January 2022 to December 2024.It included all consecutive children diagnosed as OC and were treated accordingly.Before diagnosis,secondary causes of the presenting symptoms were excluded with appropriate investigations.They were followed up monthly for 4 months and treatment response were measured by improvement of symptoms.RESULTS A total of 404 children were included in this study with mean age group of 76.50±36.62 months,and male-female ratio of 1.67:1.The most common presenting complaint was abdominal pain(66%),followed by anorexia(49%),vomiting(24%),nausea(17%),frequent defecation with small volume stool(17%),altered bowel habit(16%),failure to thrive(14%)and recurrent helminthiasis(12%).Interestingly,2.5%children presented with persistent diarrhea.CONCLUSION Abdominal pain is the most common presentation of OC.When symptoms cannot be explained by other etiology,OC should be kept in mind.展开更多
BACKGROUND Some patients with resectable or borderline resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)may have distant metastases,undetected on preoperative imaging or early recurrence,within 6 months after surgery....BACKGROUND Some patients with resectable or borderline resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)may have distant metastases,undetected on preoperative imaging or early recurrence,within 6 months after surgery.Occult metastases(OMs)must be accurately predicted to optimize multidisciplinary treatment.AIM To investigate the efficacy of circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA)in predicting OM.METHODS Two Japanese institutions prospectively collected preoperative plasma samples from PDAC patients between July 2019 and September 2021 and evaluated ctDNA using a targeted next-generation sequencing panel covering 52 cancer-related genes.RESULTS Among 135 PDAC patients,38 had OM and 35 were positive for ctDNA.The ctDNA positivity rate was significantly higher in patients with OM than in patients without OM.ctDNA-positive patients had significantly shorter median recurrence-free survival than ctDNA-negative patients.Logistic multivariate regression revealed ctDNA positivity as an independent predictor of OM.CONCLUSION Preoperative ctDNA in resectable PDAC is an independent predictor of OM and indicates poor prognosis following pancreatectomy and may be a useful biomarker in determining multidisciplinary patient care.展开更多
BACKGROUND Occult intraocular foreign bodies(IOFBs)can present with atypical symptoms and clinical signs,making diagnosis challenging.We describe a case of an undetected IOFB that was missed on both computed tomograph...BACKGROUND Occult intraocular foreign bodies(IOFBs)can present with atypical symptoms and clinical signs,making diagnosis challenging.We describe a case of an undetected IOFB that was missed on both computed tomography and B-ultrasound,ulti-mately leading to ocular siderosis and secondary glaucoma.CASE SUMMARY A 55-year-old male patient presented to our clinic reporting a one-month history of right ocular discomfort and progressive visual deterioration.The patient had previously received a glaucoma diagnosis at a local healthcare facility.His ocular history included blunt trauma to the affected eye five years prior to presentation.Slit-lamp examination revealed corneal and iris lesions in the right eye.Pupillary dilation facilitated the identification of traumatic lens opacities.Diagnostic imaging modalities,including B-scan ultrasonography and computed tomo-graphy,showed no evidence of retained intraocular foreign material.The patient subsequently underwent uncomplicated pars plana vitrectomy,during which the occult foreign body was successfully extracted.The procedure was completed without intraoperative or immediate postoperative complications.CONCLUSION Awareness of IOFBs in individuals who work in high-risk occupations and prompt referral to a retinal surgeon are very important.展开更多
Objective:The neglect of occult lymph nodes metastasis(OLNM)is one of the pivotal causes of early non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)recurrence after local treatments such as stereotactic body radiotherapy(SBRT)or surge...Objective:The neglect of occult lymph nodes metastasis(OLNM)is one of the pivotal causes of early non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)recurrence after local treatments such as stereotactic body radiotherapy(SBRT)or surgery.This study aimed to develop and validate a computed tomography(CT)-based radiomics and deep learning(DL)fusion model for predicting non-invasive OLNM.Methods:Patients with radiologically node-negative lung adenocarcinoma from two centers were retrospectively analyzed.We developed clinical,radiomics,and radiomics-clinical models using logistic regression.A DL model was established using a three-dimensional squeeze-and-excitation residual network-34(3D SE-ResNet34)and a fusion model was created by integrating seleted clinical,radiomics features and DL features.Model performance was assessed using the area under the curve(AUC)of the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,calibration curves,and decision curve analysis(DCA).Five predictive models were compared;SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP)and Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping(Grad-CAM)were employed for visualization and interpretation.Results:Overall,358 patients were included:186 in the training cohort,48 in the internal validation cohort,and 124 in the external testing cohort.The DL fusion model incorporating 3D SE-Resnet34 achieved the highest AUC of 0.947 in the training dataset,with strong performance in internal and external cohorts(AUCs of 0.903 and 0.907,respectively),outperforming single-modal DL models,clinical models,radiomics models,and radiomicsclinical combined models(DeLong test:P<0.05).DCA confirmed its clinical utility,and calibration curves demonstrated excellent agreement between predicted and observed OLNM probabilities.Features interpretation highlighted the importance of textural characteristics and the surrounding tumor regions in stratifying OLNM risk.Conclusions:The DL fusion model reliably and accurately predicts OLNM in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma,offering a non-invasive tool to refine staging and guide personalized treatment decisions.These results may aid clinicians in optimizing surgical and radiotherapy strategies.展开更多
BACKGROUND Occult pancreaticobiliary reflux(OPBR)is characterized by the absence of congenital anomalies at the pancreaticobiliary junction yet leads to altered bile composition and an increased incidence of gallbladd...BACKGROUND Occult pancreaticobiliary reflux(OPBR)is characterized by the absence of congenital anomalies at the pancreaticobiliary junction yet leads to altered bile composition and an increased incidence of gallbladder stones.AIM To explore the computed tomography(CT)imaging characteristics of gallbladder stones in patients diagnosed with OPBR.METHODS We analyzed 362 patients undergoing cholecystectomy(November 2020 to January 2022).Intraoperative bile samples were assayed for amylase(>110 U/L indicated OPBR).CT features,including stone density and visibility,were compared between 54 OPBR and 308 controls.Stone attenuation(HU)was measured under standardized conditions(uCT-780,120 kVp,160 mAs).Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified independent OPBR predictors,forming a validated nomogram.RESULTS OPBR patients exhibited significantly higher rates of CT-invisible stones(35.2%vs 12.3%)and uniform stones(87%vs 73.1%)along with lower overall stone density(P=0.01).Logistic regression identified stone visibility,uniformity,and density as independent predictors.A nomogram integrating these features with patient age achieved high diagnostic accuracy(area under the curve=0.71).CONCLUSION CT imaging distinctly identifies gallbladder stone density,indicating a heightened risk of OPBR in patients with uniform and CT-invisible stones.Such imaging is crucial for preoperative assessments to evaluate potential recurrent biliary pathologies post-cholecystectomy.展开更多
BACKGROUND Sessile serrated lesions(SSLs)are premalignant polyps implicated in up to 30%of colorectal cancers.Australia reports high SSL detection rates(SSL-DRs),yet with marked variability(3.1%-24%).This substantial ...BACKGROUND Sessile serrated lesions(SSLs)are premalignant polyps implicated in up to 30%of colorectal cancers.Australia reports high SSL detection rates(SSL-DRs),yet with marked variability(3.1%-24%).This substantial variation raises concerns about missed lesions and post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer.This study investigates determinants associated with SSL-DR variation in regional Australia.AIM To study how patient,clinical,and colonoscopy factors are associated with SSL detection in a regional Australian practice.We aimed to contribute high-detection data to the literature by analyzing the association of SSL detection with various determinants.METHODS This retrospective,cross-sectional analysis examined 1450 colonoscopies performed at Port Macquarie Gastroenterology during 2023.Sigmoidoscopies and repeat procedures were excluded.Multivariate logistic regression analyzed associations between SSL detection and patient demographics,clinical indications,procedural factors,and comorbidities.RESULTS The overall SSL-DR was 30.7%.Multivariate analysis identified several independent predictors:Clinical indication,bowel preparation quality,inflammatory bowel disease status,and serrated polyposis syndrome.The faecal occult blood test positive(FOBT)(+)cohort showed the highest predicted SSL detection probability(39.8%),while clinical symptoms showed the lowest(22.3%).After adjustment,SSL detection odds were 2.3 times greater among FOBT(+)patients than those with clinical symptoms(adjusted odds ratio=2.30,95%confidence interval:1.20-4.40,P=0.004).CONCLUSION SSL-DR as a quality indicator requires contextualization regarding clinical indications,bowel preparation quality,and comorbidities.There was a significantly higher prevalence of SSLs in FOBT(+)patients.Despite comprehensive adjustment,this study cannot fully explain the wide SSL-DR variation in Australia,highlighting the need for standardized detection protocols and further research to ensure optimal cancer prevention outcomes.展开更多
BACKGROUND This report describes a rare case of a small gastric cancer lesion with widespread bone metastases and markedly elevated alkaline phosphatase levels that was initially misdiagnosed as rheumatoid arthritis,a...BACKGROUND This report describes a rare case of a small gastric cancer lesion with widespread bone metastases and markedly elevated alkaline phosphatase levels that was initially misdiagnosed as rheumatoid arthritis,as the patient’s sole clinical manifestation was chronic bone pain persisting for 1 year.CASE SUMMARY An 83-year-old man was admitted due to worsening generalized joint pain over 1 year.Serum alkaline phosphatase levels were markedly elevated,and technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate single-photon emission computed tomography(CT)and fluorine-18 sodium fluoride positron emission tomography(PET)/CT images showed symmetrical diffuse uptake of the radiotracers throughout the skeleton.Initially,Paget’s disease was suspected,but abnormal hematologic tumor markers and bone biopsy confirmed metastatic adenocarcinoma.Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT did not reveal a primary tumor.The patient had a history of colon polypectomy and tubulovillous adenoma with atypical hy-perplasia on pathological examination 10 years prior.Further investigation using gallium-68-labeled fibroblast-activation protein inhibitor PET/CT images showed increased punctate uptake in the gastric antrum.Gastroscopy demonstrated a 1.0 cm ulcerated mass in the prepyloric region,and histopathological evaluation of the biopsy specimen revealed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma.The incidence of bone metastases from gastric cancer is very low,especially with such extensive involvement.CONCLUSION Occult gastric carcinomas with bone metastases necessitate proactive high-risk surveillance and multidisciplinary integration to improve diagnostic accuracy and clinical outcomes.展开更多
BACKGROUND Early detection of rectal cancer poses significant challenges.Current diagnostic methods,including colonoscopy,imaging techniques,and fecal tests,have limitations such as invasiveness,cost,and varying sensi...BACKGROUND Early detection of rectal cancer poses significant challenges.Current diagnostic methods,including colonoscopy,imaging techniques,and fecal tests,have limitations such as invasiveness,cost,and varying sensitivity.This study evaluated the diagnostic value of preoperative serum tumor markers in rectal cancer patients.AIM To investigate the value of a multi-marker approach for the preoperative diagnosis of rectal cancer.METHODS A retrospective analysis of 250 patients diagnosed with rectal cancer between July 2022 and July 2024 was conducted.Preoperative alpha-fetoprotein levels,carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),cancer antigen 125(CA125),CA19-9,CA15-3,and CA72-4 were analyzed.All blood samples were collected under standardized conditions,including fasting status and proper storage methods,within two weeks before surgery.Diagnostic performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.Correlations among clinicopathological features were also evaluated.RESULTS CEA demonstrated the highest diagnostic performance among individual tumor markers with an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.78[95%confidence interval(CI):0.73-0.83].However,a combination of CEA,CA19-9,and CA72-4 showed superior performance,achieving an AUC of 0.87(95%CI:0.83-0.91).Significant correlations were observed between CEA levels and several clinicopatho-logical features,including tumor stage(P<0.001),lymph node involvement(P=0.002),and distant metastasis(P<0.001).Furthermore,in a subgroup analysis of patients diagnosed after July 2022,the integration of fecal occult blood testing with the tumor marker panel(CEA+CA19-9+CA72-4)significantly improved diagnostic accuracy,increasing the AUC to 0.91(95%CI:0.86-0.96).CONCLUSION A multimarker approach combining CEA,CA19-9,and CA72-4 with fecal occult blood testing enhances the preoperative assessment of patients with rectal cancer.These findings suggest potential improvements in risk stratification and management of patients with rectal cancer.展开更多
BACKGROUND Occult hepatitis B virus infection(OBI)is defined by the detection of replication-competent hepatitis B virus(HBV)DNA in the liver and/or blood despite the ab-sence of detectable hepatitis B surface antigen...BACKGROUND Occult hepatitis B virus infection(OBI)is defined by the detection of replication-competent hepatitis B virus(HBV)DNA in the liver and/or blood despite the ab-sence of detectable hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)using conventional ser-ological assays.Although OBI has been well-documented in individuals with resolved HBV infection or those receiving immunosuppressive therapy,reports of its occurrence during sequential antiviral treatment remain scarce.This report describes a case of chronic hepatitis B(CHB)transitioning through OBI during sequential combination therapy before ultimately achieving a functional cure.This case provides new insights into the emergence of OBI as a transitional phase during CHB treatment and emphasizes the importance of monitoring its clinical significance.CASE SUMMARY A 33-year-old Chinese male was diagnosed with HBV infection in 2001.The patient first presented in 2012 with abnormal liver function tests and received initial treatment with conventional interferon therapy,which failed to achieve a virological response.Antiviral therapy was subsequently switched to entecavir monotherapy.By August 2019,the patient exhibited an HBsAg level of 29.93 IU/mL with undetectable HBV DNA(<25 IU/mL).At this point,combination therapy with entecavir and pegylated interferonα(PEG-IFNα)was initiated.Remarkably,while HBsAg declined to 0.42 IU/mL by April 2020,a paradoxical HBV DNA rebound to 173 IU/mL was observed.The regimen was consequently modified to tenofovir alafenamide and PEG-IFNα.By October 2020,the patient achieved HBsAg seroconversion(HBsAg 0.01 IU/mL,hepatitis B surface antibody 52.18 mIU/mL)for the first time,while maintaining low-level viremia(37 IU/mL),consistent with transition to OBI.The patient was then switched to PEG-IFNαmonotherapy.In November 2021,he discontinued PEG-IFNαtherapy,and one month later,both HBV DNA(<10 IU/mL)and HBsAg(<0.05 IU/mL)were negative.This response has been sustained through follow-up.CONCLUSION This case study illustrates the efficacy of sequential combination therapy in achieving functional cure in CHB patients,including those with a prolonged infection history.It highlights OBI as a transitional yet underrecognized phase during sequential antiviral therapy.While the patient ultimately achieved functional cure,the transient persistence of HBV DNA despite HBsAg clearance suggests the need for continued monitoring.This case provides new insights into OBI development during treatment and underscores the importance of further research into its long-term implications.展开更多
AIM:To comprehensively examine the clinical presentations,multimodal images,and long-term follow-up of Chinese patients with acute zonal occult outer retinopathy(AZOOR),a rare inflammatory disorder.METHODS:This was a ...AIM:To comprehensively examine the clinical presentations,multimodal images,and long-term follow-up of Chinese patients with acute zonal occult outer retinopathy(AZOOR),a rare inflammatory disorder.METHODS:This was a retrospective study.A total of 20 patients(32 eyes)were included.The medical records and multimodal imaging,including wide-field fundus photography,wide-field fundus autofluorescence(FAF),and swept-source optical coherence tomography(SS-OCT)were analyzed.RESULTS:The study included 20 patients with a mean age of 38.2±10.9y,and females accounted for 60%.Lesions could involve peripapillary areas,macular region,and peripheral retina.The mean best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)at presentation was 0.38±0.60 logMAR,with no significant difference in visual acuity between acute cases(within 6mo of onset)and chronic cases(beyond 6mo of onset;P=0.390).There was no statistically significant difference in visual acuity between eyes of acute case(within 6mo of onset)and the chronic case(beyond 6mo of onset).In some chronic case,FAF examination revealed the presence of a hyperautofluorescent(hyperAF)ring around the macular area(6/18),a phenomenon not observed in the acute case(P=0.024).A higher proportion of chronic cases showed predominantly hypoautofluorescent(hypoAF)lesions compared to the acute case(13/18 vs 2/14,P=0.0016).SS-OCT examination showed that both acute and chronic cases exhibited hyperreflective dots above the retinal pigment epithelium(RPE),and ellipsoid zone(EZ)and RPE damage.In the chronic case,eyes with hyperreflective dots above the RPE were more likely to exhibit EZ and RPE damage in the macular region compared to those without these dots.CONCLUSION:Multimodal imaging plays a crucial role in the follow-up of patients with AZOOR.In chronic cases of AZOOR,the presence of hyperreflective dots above the RPE indicates a higher likelihood of outer retinal involvement in the macular region.This study provides critical insights into the complex presentation and progression of AZOOR.展开更多
An estimated 3%-4%of people are living with the hepatitis B virus(HBV),and without treatment,the risk of developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer(HCC)is an omnipresent threat.Prevention of HCC is a major challen...An estimated 3%-4%of people are living with the hepatitis B virus(HBV),and without treatment,the risk of developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer(HCC)is an omnipresent threat.Prevention of HCC is a major challenge,as the association between viral suppression and HCC risk reduction is multifactorial,involving the progressive depletion of hepatocytes through covalently closed circular DNA integration,as well as the prevention of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis.Despite effective and cheap antiviral treatment capable of suppressing HBV replication and thereby cirrhosis and HCC,the current indications for therapy need revision and more research to expand the gamut and treat more infected people.In this review,we discuss the possible expansion of antiviral treatment in chronic hepatitis B to prevent cirrhosis and,importantly,HCC.展开更多
At present,cancer is still an important factor threatening human health.Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the top three most common cancers worldwide and one of the deadliest malignancies in humans.The latest data showe...At present,cancer is still an important factor threatening human health.Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the top three most common cancers worldwide and one of the deadliest malignancies in humans.The latest data showed that CRC incidence and mortality rank third and second,respectively,among global malignancies.Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial to reduce the morbidity,mortality and improve survival of patients with CRC,but the current early diagnostic methods have limitations.The effectiveness and compliance of diagnostic methods have a certain impact on whether people choose screening.In this editorial,we explore strategies for the early diagnosis of CRC,including stool-based,blood-based,direct visualization,and imaging examinations.展开更多
In this editorial we comment on the article published in the recent issue of the W orld Journal of Gastroenterology.We focus specifically on the problem of occult hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection,that is a result of pr...In this editorial we comment on the article published in the recent issue of the W orld Journal of Gastroenterology.We focus specifically on the problem of occult hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection,that is a result of previous hepatitis B(PHB)and a source for reactivation of HBV.The prevalence of PHB is underestimated due to the lack of population testing programs.However,this condition not only com-plicate anticancer treatment,but may be responsible for the development of other diseases,like cancer or autoimmune disorders.Here we unveil possible mecha-nisms responsible for realization of these processes and suggest practical approa-ches for diagnosis and treatment.展开更多
In this editorial,we comment on the article entitled“Stage at diagnosis of colorectal cancer through diagnostic route:Who should be screened?”by Agatsuma et al.Colorectal cancer(CRC)is emerging as an important healt...In this editorial,we comment on the article entitled“Stage at diagnosis of colorectal cancer through diagnostic route:Who should be screened?”by Agatsuma et al.Colorectal cancer(CRC)is emerging as an important health issue as its incidence continues to rise globally,adversely affecting the quality of life.Although the public has become more aware of CRC prevention,most patients lack screening awareness.Some poor lifestyle practices can lead to CRC and symptoms can appear in the early stages of CRC.However,due to the lack of awareness of the disease,most of the CRC patients are diagnosed already at an advanced stage and have a poor prognosis.展开更多
文摘Lunar occultation observations are useful in refining lunar limb profiles, which will be used for the analysis of solar eclipse observations to detect the variation of the solar diameter, and in detecting the possible errors of the Hipparcos proper motion system. Many lunar occultations have been observed in Japan. Some of the results are shown in this paper to encourage people in the world to observe more lunar occultations with better accuracies.
文摘A 3-D shape model of the sixth largest of the main belt asteroids, (704) Interamnia, is presented. The model is reproduced from its two stellar occultation observations and six lightcurves between 1969 and 2011. The first stellar occultation was the occultation of TYC 234500183 on 1996 December 17 observed from 13 sites in the USA. An elliptical cross section of (344.6 ± 9.6 km) × (306.2 ± 9.1 km), for position angle P = 73.4 ± 12.5° was fitted. The lightcurve around the occultation shows that the peak-to-peak amplitude was 0.04 mag. and the occultation phase was just before the minimum. The second stellar occultation was the occultation of HIP 036189 on 2003 March 23 observed from 39 sites in Japan and Hawaii. An elliptical cross section of (349.8 ± 0.9 km) × (303.7 ± 1.7 km), for position angle P = 86.0 ± 1.1° was fitted. A companion of 8.5 mag. of the occulted star was discovered whose separation is 12 ± 2 mas (milli-arcseconds), P = 148 ± 11°. A combined analysis of rotational lightcurves and occultation chords can return more information than can be obtained with either technique alone. From follow-up photometric observations of the asteroid between 2003 and 2011, its rotation period is determined to be 8.728967167 ± 0.00000007 hours, which is accurate enough to fix the rotation phases at other occultation events. The derived north pole is λ2000 = 259 ± 8°, β2000 = -50 ± 5° (retrograde rotation);the lengths of the three principal axes are 2a = 361.8 ± 2.8 km, 2b = 324.4 ± 5.0 km, 2c = 297.3 ± 3.5 km, and the mean diameter is D = 326.8 ± 3.0 km. Supposing the mass of Interamnia as (3.5 ± 0.9) × 10-11 solar masses, the density is then ρ = 3.8 ± 1.0 g·cm-3.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘We describe and analyze observations of mutual events of Galilean satellites made at the Yunnan Observatory in February 2003 from CCD imaging for the first time in China. Astrometric positions were deduced from these photometric observations by modelling the relative motion and the photometry of the involved satellites during each event.
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide.The leading risk factors for CRC include male gender,age over 50,family history,obesity,tobacco smoking,alco-hol consumption,and unhealthy diet.CRC screening methods vary considerably between countries and depend on incidence,economic resources and healthcare structure.Important aspects of screening include adherence,which can vary signi-ficantly across ethnic and socioeconomic groups.Basic concepts of CRC screening include pre-stratification of patients by identifying risk factors and then using fecal immunochemical test or guaiac-based fecal occult blood test and/or colono-scopy or radiologic imaging techniques.Technological capabilities for CRC scree-ning are rapidly evolving and include stool DNA test,liquid biopsy,virtual colo-nography,and the use of artificial intelligence.A CRC prevention strategy should be comprehensive and include active patient education along with targeted imple-mentation of screening.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42274027)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiessupported also by the Macao Foundation。
文摘This study utilizes radio occultation observations from the Macao Science Satellite-1 mission(MSS-1)to investigate ionospheric response to the May 2024 G5 geomagnetic storm within the South Atlantic Anomaly(SAA)region.The distinctive data from MSS-1,complemented by observations from the ground-based Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)and the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology,Ionosphere,and Climate follow-on satellite mission(COSMIC-2),reveal a super plasma fountain effect during the main phase of the storm.This effect was marked by peaks in the equatorial ionization anomaly that extended beyond their typical latitude range.The MSS-1 observations,particularly in the northern hemisphere of the SAA region,confirm the role of prompt penetration electric fields in driving ionospheric disturbances and amplifying scintillation at higher altitudes.The study also identifies a decrease in total electron content and a reduction in scintillation occurrence during the recovery phase of the storm.The results demonstrate the pivotal role that MSS-1 observations can play,when combined with ground-based and COSMIC-2 observations,in providing a more comprehensive understanding of ionospheric response to severe geomagnetic storms.
基金supported by the Project of Stable Support for Youth Team in Basic Research Field,CAS(grant No.YSBR-018)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant Nos.42188101,42130204)+4 种基金the B-type Strategic Priority Program of CAS(grant no.XDB41000000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)Distinguished Overseas Young Talents Program,Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(2021ZD0300301)the Open Research Project of Large Research Infrastructures of CAS-“Study on the interaction between low/mid-latitude atmosphere and ionosphere based on the Chinese Meridian Project”.The project was supported also by the National Key Laboratory of Deep Space Exploration(Grant No.NKLDSE2023A002)the Open Fund of Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Underground Detection(Grant No.APKLIUD23KF01)the China National Space Administration(CNSA)pre-research Project on Civil Aerospace Technologies No.D010305,D010301.
文摘Sporadic E(Es)layers in the ionosphere are characterized by intense plasma irregularities in the E region at altitudes of 90-130 km.Because they can significantly influence radio communications and navigation systems,accurate forecasting of Es layers is crucial for ensuring the precision and dependability of navigation satellite systems.In this study,we present Es predictions made by an empirical model and by a deep learning model,and analyze their differences comprehensively by comparing the model predictions to satellite RO measurements and ground-based ionosonde observations.The deep learning model exhibited significantly better performance,as indicated by its high coefficient of correlation(r=0.87)with RO observations and predictions,than did the empirical model(r=0.53).This study highlights the importance of integrating artificial intelligence technology into ionosphere modelling generally,and into predicting Es layer occurrences and characteristics,in particular.
文摘BACKGROUND In our day-to-day practice,constipation is a common problem in the pediatric population and cause of frequent visit in outpatient and emergency department.But occult constipation(OC)remains as the most unaddressed problem.AIM To investigate the clinical profile of OC in children.METHODS It was a prospective observational study,done in Bangladesh from January 2022 to December 2024.It included all consecutive children diagnosed as OC and were treated accordingly.Before diagnosis,secondary causes of the presenting symptoms were excluded with appropriate investigations.They were followed up monthly for 4 months and treatment response were measured by improvement of symptoms.RESULTS A total of 404 children were included in this study with mean age group of 76.50±36.62 months,and male-female ratio of 1.67:1.The most common presenting complaint was abdominal pain(66%),followed by anorexia(49%),vomiting(24%),nausea(17%),frequent defecation with small volume stool(17%),altered bowel habit(16%),failure to thrive(14%)and recurrent helminthiasis(12%).Interestingly,2.5%children presented with persistent diarrhea.CONCLUSION Abdominal pain is the most common presentation of OC.When symptoms cannot be explained by other etiology,OC should be kept in mind.
基金Supported by the Council for Science,Technology,and Innovation(CSTI)Cross-Ministerial Strategic Innovation Promotion Program(SIP)“Innovative AI Hospital System”(National Institute of Biomedical Innovation,Health and Nutrition),No.SIPAIH18C03the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)KAKENHI,No.JP19K09179 and No.JP23K08158.
文摘BACKGROUND Some patients with resectable or borderline resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)may have distant metastases,undetected on preoperative imaging or early recurrence,within 6 months after surgery.Occult metastases(OMs)must be accurately predicted to optimize multidisciplinary treatment.AIM To investigate the efficacy of circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA)in predicting OM.METHODS Two Japanese institutions prospectively collected preoperative plasma samples from PDAC patients between July 2019 and September 2021 and evaluated ctDNA using a targeted next-generation sequencing panel covering 52 cancer-related genes.RESULTS Among 135 PDAC patients,38 had OM and 35 were positive for ctDNA.The ctDNA positivity rate was significantly higher in patients with OM than in patients without OM.ctDNA-positive patients had significantly shorter median recurrence-free survival than ctDNA-negative patients.Logistic multivariate regression revealed ctDNA positivity as an independent predictor of OM.CONCLUSION Preoperative ctDNA in resectable PDAC is an independent predictor of OM and indicates poor prognosis following pancreatectomy and may be a useful biomarker in determining multidisciplinary patient care.
基金Supported by The Tianjin Health Research Project,No.ZC20069the Foundation of the Committee of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine,No.2021011the Science and Technology Foundation of Tianjin Eye Hospital,No.YKYB1901.
文摘BACKGROUND Occult intraocular foreign bodies(IOFBs)can present with atypical symptoms and clinical signs,making diagnosis challenging.We describe a case of an undetected IOFB that was missed on both computed tomography and B-ultrasound,ulti-mately leading to ocular siderosis and secondary glaucoma.CASE SUMMARY A 55-year-old male patient presented to our clinic reporting a one-month history of right ocular discomfort and progressive visual deterioration.The patient had previously received a glaucoma diagnosis at a local healthcare facility.His ocular history included blunt trauma to the affected eye five years prior to presentation.Slit-lamp examination revealed corneal and iris lesions in the right eye.Pupillary dilation facilitated the identification of traumatic lens opacities.Diagnostic imaging modalities,including B-scan ultrasonography and computed tomo-graphy,showed no evidence of retained intraocular foreign material.The patient subsequently underwent uncomplicated pars plana vitrectomy,during which the occult foreign body was successfully extracted.The procedure was completed without intraoperative or immediate postoperative complications.CONCLUSION Awareness of IOFBs in individuals who work in high-risk occupations and prompt referral to a retinal surgeon are very important.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82272845)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong(No.ZR2023ZD26).
文摘Objective:The neglect of occult lymph nodes metastasis(OLNM)is one of the pivotal causes of early non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)recurrence after local treatments such as stereotactic body radiotherapy(SBRT)or surgery.This study aimed to develop and validate a computed tomography(CT)-based radiomics and deep learning(DL)fusion model for predicting non-invasive OLNM.Methods:Patients with radiologically node-negative lung adenocarcinoma from two centers were retrospectively analyzed.We developed clinical,radiomics,and radiomics-clinical models using logistic regression.A DL model was established using a three-dimensional squeeze-and-excitation residual network-34(3D SE-ResNet34)and a fusion model was created by integrating seleted clinical,radiomics features and DL features.Model performance was assessed using the area under the curve(AUC)of the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,calibration curves,and decision curve analysis(DCA).Five predictive models were compared;SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP)and Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping(Grad-CAM)were employed for visualization and interpretation.Results:Overall,358 patients were included:186 in the training cohort,48 in the internal validation cohort,and 124 in the external testing cohort.The DL fusion model incorporating 3D SE-Resnet34 achieved the highest AUC of 0.947 in the training dataset,with strong performance in internal and external cohorts(AUCs of 0.903 and 0.907,respectively),outperforming single-modal DL models,clinical models,radiomics models,and radiomicsclinical combined models(DeLong test:P<0.05).DCA confirmed its clinical utility,and calibration curves demonstrated excellent agreement between predicted and observed OLNM probabilities.Features interpretation highlighted the importance of textural characteristics and the surrounding tumor regions in stratifying OLNM risk.Conclusions:The DL fusion model reliably and accurately predicts OLNM in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma,offering a non-invasive tool to refine staging and guide personalized treatment decisions.These results may aid clinicians in optimizing surgical and radiotherapy strategies.
基金Supported by Key Specialty Construction Project of Shanghai Pudong New Area Health Commission,No.PWZzk2022-17Shanghai East Hospital Clinical Research Project,No.DFLC2022019the Featured Clinical Discipline Project of Shanghai Pudong District,No.PWYts2021-06.
文摘BACKGROUND Occult pancreaticobiliary reflux(OPBR)is characterized by the absence of congenital anomalies at the pancreaticobiliary junction yet leads to altered bile composition and an increased incidence of gallbladder stones.AIM To explore the computed tomography(CT)imaging characteristics of gallbladder stones in patients diagnosed with OPBR.METHODS We analyzed 362 patients undergoing cholecystectomy(November 2020 to January 2022).Intraoperative bile samples were assayed for amylase(>110 U/L indicated OPBR).CT features,including stone density and visibility,were compared between 54 OPBR and 308 controls.Stone attenuation(HU)was measured under standardized conditions(uCT-780,120 kVp,160 mAs).Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified independent OPBR predictors,forming a validated nomogram.RESULTS OPBR patients exhibited significantly higher rates of CT-invisible stones(35.2%vs 12.3%)and uniform stones(87%vs 73.1%)along with lower overall stone density(P=0.01).Logistic regression identified stone visibility,uniformity,and density as independent predictors.A nomogram integrating these features with patient age achieved high diagnostic accuracy(area under the curve=0.71).CONCLUSION CT imaging distinctly identifies gallbladder stone density,indicating a heightened risk of OPBR in patients with uniform and CT-invisible stones.Such imaging is crucial for preoperative assessments to evaluate potential recurrent biliary pathologies post-cholecystectomy.
文摘BACKGROUND Sessile serrated lesions(SSLs)are premalignant polyps implicated in up to 30%of colorectal cancers.Australia reports high SSL detection rates(SSL-DRs),yet with marked variability(3.1%-24%).This substantial variation raises concerns about missed lesions and post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer.This study investigates determinants associated with SSL-DR variation in regional Australia.AIM To study how patient,clinical,and colonoscopy factors are associated with SSL detection in a regional Australian practice.We aimed to contribute high-detection data to the literature by analyzing the association of SSL detection with various determinants.METHODS This retrospective,cross-sectional analysis examined 1450 colonoscopies performed at Port Macquarie Gastroenterology during 2023.Sigmoidoscopies and repeat procedures were excluded.Multivariate logistic regression analyzed associations between SSL detection and patient demographics,clinical indications,procedural factors,and comorbidities.RESULTS The overall SSL-DR was 30.7%.Multivariate analysis identified several independent predictors:Clinical indication,bowel preparation quality,inflammatory bowel disease status,and serrated polyposis syndrome.The faecal occult blood test positive(FOBT)(+)cohort showed the highest predicted SSL detection probability(39.8%),while clinical symptoms showed the lowest(22.3%).After adjustment,SSL detection odds were 2.3 times greater among FOBT(+)patients than those with clinical symptoms(adjusted odds ratio=2.30,95%confidence interval:1.20-4.40,P=0.004).CONCLUSION SSL-DR as a quality indicator requires contextualization regarding clinical indications,bowel preparation quality,and comorbidities.There was a significantly higher prevalence of SSLs in FOBT(+)patients.Despite comprehensive adjustment,this study cannot fully explain the wide SSL-DR variation in Australia,highlighting the need for standardized detection protocols and further research to ensure optimal cancer prevention outcomes.
文摘BACKGROUND This report describes a rare case of a small gastric cancer lesion with widespread bone metastases and markedly elevated alkaline phosphatase levels that was initially misdiagnosed as rheumatoid arthritis,as the patient’s sole clinical manifestation was chronic bone pain persisting for 1 year.CASE SUMMARY An 83-year-old man was admitted due to worsening generalized joint pain over 1 year.Serum alkaline phosphatase levels were markedly elevated,and technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate single-photon emission computed tomography(CT)and fluorine-18 sodium fluoride positron emission tomography(PET)/CT images showed symmetrical diffuse uptake of the radiotracers throughout the skeleton.Initially,Paget’s disease was suspected,but abnormal hematologic tumor markers and bone biopsy confirmed metastatic adenocarcinoma.Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT did not reveal a primary tumor.The patient had a history of colon polypectomy and tubulovillous adenoma with atypical hy-perplasia on pathological examination 10 years prior.Further investigation using gallium-68-labeled fibroblast-activation protein inhibitor PET/CT images showed increased punctate uptake in the gastric antrum.Gastroscopy demonstrated a 1.0 cm ulcerated mass in the prepyloric region,and histopathological evaluation of the biopsy specimen revealed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma.The incidence of bone metastases from gastric cancer is very low,especially with such extensive involvement.CONCLUSION Occult gastric carcinomas with bone metastases necessitate proactive high-risk surveillance and multidisciplinary integration to improve diagnostic accuracy and clinical outcomes.
文摘BACKGROUND Early detection of rectal cancer poses significant challenges.Current diagnostic methods,including colonoscopy,imaging techniques,and fecal tests,have limitations such as invasiveness,cost,and varying sensitivity.This study evaluated the diagnostic value of preoperative serum tumor markers in rectal cancer patients.AIM To investigate the value of a multi-marker approach for the preoperative diagnosis of rectal cancer.METHODS A retrospective analysis of 250 patients diagnosed with rectal cancer between July 2022 and July 2024 was conducted.Preoperative alpha-fetoprotein levels,carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),cancer antigen 125(CA125),CA19-9,CA15-3,and CA72-4 were analyzed.All blood samples were collected under standardized conditions,including fasting status and proper storage methods,within two weeks before surgery.Diagnostic performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.Correlations among clinicopathological features were also evaluated.RESULTS CEA demonstrated the highest diagnostic performance among individual tumor markers with an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.78[95%confidence interval(CI):0.73-0.83].However,a combination of CEA,CA19-9,and CA72-4 showed superior performance,achieving an AUC of 0.87(95%CI:0.83-0.91).Significant correlations were observed between CEA levels and several clinicopatho-logical features,including tumor stage(P<0.001),lymph node involvement(P=0.002),and distant metastasis(P<0.001).Furthermore,in a subgroup analysis of patients diagnosed after July 2022,the integration of fecal occult blood testing with the tumor marker panel(CEA+CA19-9+CA72-4)significantly improved diagnostic accuracy,increasing the AUC to 0.91(95%CI:0.86-0.96).CONCLUSION A multimarker approach combining CEA,CA19-9,and CA72-4 with fecal occult blood testing enhances the preoperative assessment of patients with rectal cancer.These findings suggest potential improvements in risk stratification and management of patients with rectal cancer.
文摘BACKGROUND Occult hepatitis B virus infection(OBI)is defined by the detection of replication-competent hepatitis B virus(HBV)DNA in the liver and/or blood despite the ab-sence of detectable hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)using conventional ser-ological assays.Although OBI has been well-documented in individuals with resolved HBV infection or those receiving immunosuppressive therapy,reports of its occurrence during sequential antiviral treatment remain scarce.This report describes a case of chronic hepatitis B(CHB)transitioning through OBI during sequential combination therapy before ultimately achieving a functional cure.This case provides new insights into the emergence of OBI as a transitional phase during CHB treatment and emphasizes the importance of monitoring its clinical significance.CASE SUMMARY A 33-year-old Chinese male was diagnosed with HBV infection in 2001.The patient first presented in 2012 with abnormal liver function tests and received initial treatment with conventional interferon therapy,which failed to achieve a virological response.Antiviral therapy was subsequently switched to entecavir monotherapy.By August 2019,the patient exhibited an HBsAg level of 29.93 IU/mL with undetectable HBV DNA(<25 IU/mL).At this point,combination therapy with entecavir and pegylated interferonα(PEG-IFNα)was initiated.Remarkably,while HBsAg declined to 0.42 IU/mL by April 2020,a paradoxical HBV DNA rebound to 173 IU/mL was observed.The regimen was consequently modified to tenofovir alafenamide and PEG-IFNα.By October 2020,the patient achieved HBsAg seroconversion(HBsAg 0.01 IU/mL,hepatitis B surface antibody 52.18 mIU/mL)for the first time,while maintaining low-level viremia(37 IU/mL),consistent with transition to OBI.The patient was then switched to PEG-IFNαmonotherapy.In November 2021,he discontinued PEG-IFNαtherapy,and one month later,both HBV DNA(<10 IU/mL)and HBsAg(<0.05 IU/mL)were negative.This response has been sustained through follow-up.CONCLUSION This case study illustrates the efficacy of sequential combination therapy in achieving functional cure in CHB patients,including those with a prolonged infection history.It highlights OBI as a transitional yet underrecognized phase during sequential antiviral therapy.While the patient ultimately achieved functional cure,the transient persistence of HBV DNA despite HBsAg clearance suggests the need for continued monitoring.This case provides new insights into OBI development during treatment and underscores the importance of further research into its long-term implications.
文摘AIM:To comprehensively examine the clinical presentations,multimodal images,and long-term follow-up of Chinese patients with acute zonal occult outer retinopathy(AZOOR),a rare inflammatory disorder.METHODS:This was a retrospective study.A total of 20 patients(32 eyes)were included.The medical records and multimodal imaging,including wide-field fundus photography,wide-field fundus autofluorescence(FAF),and swept-source optical coherence tomography(SS-OCT)were analyzed.RESULTS:The study included 20 patients with a mean age of 38.2±10.9y,and females accounted for 60%.Lesions could involve peripapillary areas,macular region,and peripheral retina.The mean best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)at presentation was 0.38±0.60 logMAR,with no significant difference in visual acuity between acute cases(within 6mo of onset)and chronic cases(beyond 6mo of onset;P=0.390).There was no statistically significant difference in visual acuity between eyes of acute case(within 6mo of onset)and the chronic case(beyond 6mo of onset).In some chronic case,FAF examination revealed the presence of a hyperautofluorescent(hyperAF)ring around the macular area(6/18),a phenomenon not observed in the acute case(P=0.024).A higher proportion of chronic cases showed predominantly hypoautofluorescent(hypoAF)lesions compared to the acute case(13/18 vs 2/14,P=0.0016).SS-OCT examination showed that both acute and chronic cases exhibited hyperreflective dots above the retinal pigment epithelium(RPE),and ellipsoid zone(EZ)and RPE damage.In the chronic case,eyes with hyperreflective dots above the RPE were more likely to exhibit EZ and RPE damage in the macular region compared to those without these dots.CONCLUSION:Multimodal imaging plays a crucial role in the follow-up of patients with AZOOR.In chronic cases of AZOOR,the presence of hyperreflective dots above the RPE indicates a higher likelihood of outer retinal involvement in the macular region.This study provides critical insights into the complex presentation and progression of AZOOR.
文摘An estimated 3%-4%of people are living with the hepatitis B virus(HBV),and without treatment,the risk of developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer(HCC)is an omnipresent threat.Prevention of HCC is a major challenge,as the association between viral suppression and HCC risk reduction is multifactorial,involving the progressive depletion of hepatocytes through covalently closed circular DNA integration,as well as the prevention of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis.Despite effective and cheap antiviral treatment capable of suppressing HBV replication and thereby cirrhosis and HCC,the current indications for therapy need revision and more research to expand the gamut and treat more infected people.In this review,we discuss the possible expansion of antiviral treatment in chronic hepatitis B to prevent cirrhosis and,importantly,HCC.
基金Supported by the Talent Scientific Research Start-up Foundation of Wannan Medical College,No.WYRCQD2023045。
文摘At present,cancer is still an important factor threatening human health.Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the top three most common cancers worldwide and one of the deadliest malignancies in humans.The latest data showed that CRC incidence and mortality rank third and second,respectively,among global malignancies.Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial to reduce the morbidity,mortality and improve survival of patients with CRC,but the current early diagnostic methods have limitations.The effectiveness and compliance of diagnostic methods have a certain impact on whether people choose screening.In this editorial,we explore strategies for the early diagnosis of CRC,including stool-based,blood-based,direct visualization,and imaging examinations.
基金Supported by Ministry of Science and Higher education of Russia,No.FGMF-2022-0005Moscow Healthcare Department,No.123040700014-4.
文摘In this editorial we comment on the article published in the recent issue of the W orld Journal of Gastroenterology.We focus specifically on the problem of occult hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection,that is a result of previous hepatitis B(PHB)and a source for reactivation of HBV.The prevalence of PHB is underestimated due to the lack of population testing programs.However,this condition not only com-plicate anticancer treatment,but may be responsible for the development of other diseases,like cancer or autoimmune disorders.Here we unveil possible mecha-nisms responsible for realization of these processes and suggest practical approa-ches for diagnosis and treatment.
基金Supported by The Hangzhou Medical Health Science and Technology Project,No.B20220173The Public Welfare Technology Project of Zhejiang Province,No.LGF21H160033Zhejiang Medical Technology Plan Project,No.2021KY047.
文摘In this editorial,we comment on the article entitled“Stage at diagnosis of colorectal cancer through diagnostic route:Who should be screened?”by Agatsuma et al.Colorectal cancer(CRC)is emerging as an important health issue as its incidence continues to rise globally,adversely affecting the quality of life.Although the public has become more aware of CRC prevention,most patients lack screening awareness.Some poor lifestyle practices can lead to CRC and symptoms can appear in the early stages of CRC.However,due to the lack of awareness of the disease,most of the CRC patients are diagnosed already at an advanced stage and have a poor prognosis.
