This paper describes the potential of heterogeneous catalytic ozonization of sulfo-salicylic acid (SSal). It was found that catalytic ozonization in the presence of Mn-Zr-O (a modified manganese dioxide supported on ...This paper describes the potential of heterogeneous catalytic ozonization of sulfo-salicylic acid (SSal). It was found that catalytic ozonization in the presence of Mn-Zr-O (a modified manganese dioxide supported on silica gel) had significantly enhanced the removal rate (72%) of total organic carbon (TOC) compared with that of ozonization alone (19%). The efficient removal rate of TOC was probably due to increasing the adsorption ability of catalyst and accelerating decomposition of ozone to produce more powerful oxidants than ozone. .展开更多
Arylenevinylene-co-pyrrolenevinylene (AVPV) is polymer oligomer system derived from arylbridged bispyrroles which has been explored for photovoltaic devices. In this paper, we show the dependence of the photovoltaic d...Arylenevinylene-co-pyrrolenevinylene (AVPV) is polymer oligomer system derived from arylbridged bispyrroles which has been explored for photovoltaic devices. In this paper, we show the dependence of the photovoltaic device parameters on the anode surface treatment in an organic single layer photovoltaic device based on AVPV as an electron donor. Since the total quantum efficiency includes the charge collection efficiency at the electrodes, experiments were carried out to vary the anode (ITO) characteristics, achieved by using ITO with or without ozonization and with or without PEDOT:PSS (Polyethylene dioxythiophene:Polystyrene sulphonic acid) layer. Devices fabricated on ITO anode (without ozonization and without PEDOT:PSS) exhibited the maximum current density (Jsc = 1.3 μA·cm–2) as compared to those devices where ITO was ozonized as well as had a PEDOT:PSS layer (Jsc = 0.1 μA·cm–2) measured under 1 sun illumination of AM 1.5 through a calibrated solar simulator.展开更多
Apilot scale test of advanced treatment of ethene wastewater by ozonization was carried out for industrial water reuse.Effects of different operating conditions on COD degradation,such as wastewater flow rate,ozonized...Apilot scale test of advanced treatment of ethene wastewater by ozonization was carried out for industrial water reuse.Effects of different operating conditions on COD degradation,such as wastewater flow rate,ozonized gas flow rate,operating voltage of ozonizer and two ozone generation means,using pure oxygen or air,was investigated.The results show that the increase of ozonizer operating voltage,the decrease of wastewater flow rate and the suitable ozonized gas flowrate improve the removal ofCOD inwastewater and thatozone generatedrespectively fromair and pure oxygen can effectively remove COD of ethene wastewater to meet the industrial water reuse criterion.展开更多
Temperature has a substantial impact on the emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds(BVOCs).Moder-ate warm temperatures,e.g.,30–40°C,could boost plant metabolism,increasing BVOC emissions.Against the back...Temperature has a substantial impact on the emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds(BVOCs).Moder-ate warm temperatures,e.g.,30–40°C,could boost plant metabolism,increasing BVOC emissions.Against the backdrop of global warming,plants emit more BVOCs to cope with thermal stress,leading to elevated concen-trations of tropospheric ozone(O_(3))and secondary organic aerosols(SOA).In recent years,a considerable body of research has explored the interaction between tree species and BVOCs under the influence of various environ-mental factors.Although many studies have examined explored the temperature dependence of BVOC emissions in the past,few studies have conducted a comprehensive and in-depth investigation into the impacts of tempera-ture.This review summarizes the relevant studies on BVOCs in the past decade,including the main biosynthetic pathways,emission observation techniques and emission inventories,as well as how temperature affects isoprene and monoterpene emission rates and the formation of O_(3) and SOA.Our work offers a theoretical foundation and guidance for future efforts to advance the comprehension of BVOC emission characteristics and develop strategies to mitigate secondary pollution.展开更多
Carbonyl compounds play a pivotal role in the formation of secondary pollutants such as O_(3) and SOA,signifi-cantly impacting air quality and human health.This study extended the observation period compared to previo...Carbonyl compounds play a pivotal role in the formation of secondary pollutants such as O_(3) and SOA,signifi-cantly impacting air quality and human health.This study extended the observation period compared to previous research,providing a long-term perspective on carbonyl compound variations and their environmental implica-tions.Atmospheric observations were conducted at Beijing(BJ)and Xianghe(XH)during the summer and winter months of 2018,2019,and 2023 to study the sources and impacts of carbonyl compounds in typical urban areas and peri‑urban areas.Notably,concentrations in the summer of 2023 increased compared to 2018 and 2019.The predominant carbonyl compounds—formaldehyde,acetaldehyde,and acetone—accounted for over 60%of the total.The mean values of OFP in BJ ranged from 18.55 to 58.61μg/m3,lower than those in XH(29.82 to 65.48μg/m3),with formaldehyde and acetaldehyde contributing over 80%of the total.SOAP exhibited a similar pattern,with values in XH(69.21 to 508.55μg/m3)significantly exceeding those in BJ(34.47 to 159.78μg/m3).The PMF model highlighted vehicle exhaust,secondary pollution,and biomass combustion as major sources of carbonyl compounds,emphasizing differences in source contributions between the two regions.This study’s com-parative analysis over different years and locations provides new insights into the dynamic changes in carbonyl compounds and their environmental importance.These results not only reinforce the importance of carbonyl compounds regulation but also offer a valuable reference for evaluating and refining emission control strategies during this period.展开更多
4-Nitrophenol(4-NP),a toxic and persistent pollutant in chemical wastewater,presents significant challenges in degradation and mineralization.Conventional ozone oxidation catalysts are hindered by low efficiency,mass ...4-Nitrophenol(4-NP),a toxic and persistent pollutant in chemical wastewater,presents significant challenges in degradation and mineralization.Conventional ozone oxidation catalysts are hindered by low efficiency,mass transfer constraints and metal leaching,necessitating the development of stable and efficient catalysts.Herein,BCn-H/MS,the derivative of Bi(Ce)-MOF,was prepared by in situ incorporation,thermal decomposition and acid etching.The resulting materials were characterized and employed in catalytic ozonation for the reduction of 4-NP.Under the specific experimental conditions of the O_(3)+BC0.3-H/MS system,the total organic carbon(TOC)and chemical oxygen demand(COD)removal rates of 4-NP were observed to reach 94.6%and 91.8%within 30 min,respectively.These two parameters were improved by raising the initial pH,reducing the pollutant concentration and increasing the catalyst dosage.The abundant oxygen vacancies(OVs)were regarded as the pivotal catalytic site of BC0.3-H/MS,which was conducive to the adsorption of O_(3) and the acceleration of the formation of reactive oxygen species(ROS).The regular hollow square structure effectively boosted the specific surface area,increased OVs exposure and accelerated the adsorption and mass transfer process.The electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)results demonstrated that the primary ROS engaged in the degradation reaction were⋅OH and⋅O_(2)−.BC0.3-H/MS demonstrated excellent stability and reusability in cyclic experiments.Toxicity analysis revealed that the O_(3)+BC0.3-H/MS system exhibited an effective detoxification effect.Ultimately,the primary degradation pathway of 4-NP was proposed through liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy(LC-MS)and in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared fourier-transform spectroscopy(DRIFTS)analyses at varying reaction times.展开更多
Initial success has been achieved in Hong Kong in controlling primary air pollutants,but ambient ozone levels kept increasing during the past three decades.Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)are important for mitigating ...Initial success has been achieved in Hong Kong in controlling primary air pollutants,but ambient ozone levels kept increasing during the past three decades.Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)are important for mitigating ozone pollution as its major precursors.This study analyzed VOC characteristics of roadside,suburban,and rural sites in Hong Kong to investigate their compositions,concentrations,and source contributions.Herewe showthat the TVOC concentrations were 23.05±13.24,12.68±15.36,and 5.16±5.48 ppbv for roadside,suburban,and rural sites between May 2015 to June 2019,respectively.By using Positive Matrix Factorization(PMF)model,six sources were identified at the roadside site over five years:Liquefied petroleum gas(LPG)usage(33%–46%),gasoline evaporation(8%–31%),aged air mass(11%–28%),gasoline exhaust(5%–16%),diesel exhaust(2%–16%)and fuel filling(75–9%).Similarly,six sources were distinguished at the suburban site,including LPG usage(30%–33%),solvent usage(20%–26%),diesel exhaust(14%–26%),gasoline evaporation(8%–16%),aged air mass(4%–11%),and biogenic emissions(2%–5%).At the rural site,four sources were identified,including aged airmass(33%–51%),solvent usage(25%–30%),vehicular emissions(11%–28%),and biogenic emissions(6%–12%).The analysis further revealed that fuel filling and LPG usage were the primary contributors to OFP and OH reactivity at the roadside site,while solvent usage and biogenic emissions accounted for almost half of OFP and OH reactivity at the suburban and rural sites,respectively.These findings highlight the importance of identifying and characterizing VOC sources at different sites to help policymakers develop targeted measures for pollution mitigation in specific areas.展开更多
Objective weather classification methods have been extensively applied to identify dominant ozone-favorable synoptic weather patterns(SWPs),however,the consistency of different classification methods is rarely examine...Objective weather classification methods have been extensively applied to identify dominant ozone-favorable synoptic weather patterns(SWPs),however,the consistency of different classification methods is rarely examined.In this study,we apply two widely-used objective methods,the self-organizing map(SOM)and K-means clustering analysis,to derive ozone-favorable SWPs at four Chinese megacities in 2015-2022.We find that the two algorithms are largely consistent in recognizing dominant ozone-favorable SWPs for four Chinese megacities.In the case of classifying six SWPs,the derived circulation fields are highly similar with a spatial correlation of 0.99 between the two methods,and the difference in themean frequency of each SWP is less than 7%.The six dominant ozone-favorable SWPs in Guangzhou are all characterized by anomaly higher radiation and temperature,lower cloud cover,relative humidity,and wind speed,and stronger subsidence compared to climatology mean.We find that during 2015-2022,the occurrence of ozone-favorable SWPs days increases significantly at a rate of 3.2 days/year,faster than the increases in the ozone exceedance days(3.0 days/year).The interannual variability between the occurrence of ozone-favorable SWPs and ozone exceedance days are generally consistent with a temporal correlation coefficient of 0.6.In particular,the significant increase in ozone-favorable SWPs in 2022,especially the Subtropical High type which typically occurs in September,is consistent with a long-lasting ozone pollution episode in Guangzhou during September 2022.Our results thus reveal that enhanced frequency of ozone-favorable SWPs plays an important role in the observed 2015-2022 ozone increase in Guangzhou.展开更多
VOCs(Volatile organic compounds)exert a vital role in ozone and secondary organic aerosol production,necessitating investigations into their concentration,chemical characteristics,and source apportionment for the effe...VOCs(Volatile organic compounds)exert a vital role in ozone and secondary organic aerosol production,necessitating investigations into their concentration,chemical characteristics,and source apportionment for the effective implementation of measures aimed at preventing and controlling atmospheric pollution.FromJuly to October 2020,onlinemonitoringwas conducted in the main urban area of Shijiazhuang to collect data on VOCs and analyze their concentrations and reactivity.Additionally,the PMF(positive matrix factorization)method was utilized to identify the VOCs sources.Results indicated that the TVOCs(total VOCs)concentration was(96.7±63.4μg/m^3),with alkanes exhibiting the highest concentration of(36.1±26.4μg/m^3),followed by OVOCs(16.4±14.4μg/m^3).The key active components were alkenes and aromatics,among which xylene,propylene,toluene,propionaldehyde,acetaldehyde,ethylene,and styrene played crucial roles as reactive species.The sources derived from PMF analysis encompassed vehicle emissions,solvent and coating sources,combustion sources,industrial emissions sources,as well as plant sources,the contribution of which were 37.80%,27.93%,16.57%,15.24%,and 2.46%,respectively.Hence,reducing vehicular exhaust emissions and encouraging neighboring industries to adopt low-volatile organic solvents and coatings should be prioritized to mitigate VOCs levels.展开更多
Severe ground-level ozone(O_(3))pollution over major Chinese cities has become one of the most challenging problems,which have deleterious effects on human health and the sustainability of society.This study explored ...Severe ground-level ozone(O_(3))pollution over major Chinese cities has become one of the most challenging problems,which have deleterious effects on human health and the sustainability of society.This study explored the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of ground-level O_(3) and its precursors based on conventional pollutant and meteorological monitoring data in Zhejiang Province from 2016 to 2021.Then,a high-performance convolutional neural network(CNN)model was established by expanding the moment and the concentration variations to general factors.Finally,the response mechanism of O_(3) to the variation with crucial influencing factors is explored by controlling variables and interpolating target variables.The results indicated that the annual average MDA8-90th concentrations in Zhejiang Province are higher in the northern and lower in the southern.When the wind direction(WD)ranges from east to southwest and the wind speed(WS)ranges between 2 and 3 m/sec,higher O_(3) concentration prone to occur.At different temperatures(T),the O_(3) concentration showed a trend of first increasing and subsequently decreasing with increasing NO_(2) concentration,peaks at the NO_(2) concentration around 0.02mg/m^(3).The sensitivity of NO_(2) to O_(3) formation is not easily affected by temperature,barometric pressure and dew point temperature.Additionally,there is a minimum IRNO_(2) at each temperature when the NO_(2) concentration is 0.03 mg/m^(3),and this minimum IRNO_(2) decreases with increasing temperature.The study explores the response mechanism of O_(3) with the change of driving variables,which can provide a scientific foundation and methodological support for the targeted management of O_(3) pollution.展开更多
Extreme ozone pollution events(EOPEs)are associated with synoptic weather patterns(SWPs)and pose severe health and ecological risks.However,a systematic investigation of themeteorological causes,transport pathways,and...Extreme ozone pollution events(EOPEs)are associated with synoptic weather patterns(SWPs)and pose severe health and ecological risks.However,a systematic investigation of themeteorological causes,transport pathways,and source contributions to historical EOPEs is still lacking.In this paper,the K-means clustering method is applied to identify six dominant SWPs during the warm season in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD)region from 2016 to 2022.It provides an integrated analysis of the meteorological factors affecting ozone pollution in Hefei under different SWPs.Using the WRF-FLEXPART model,the transport pathways(TPPs)and geographical sources of the near-surface air masses in Hefei during EOPEs are investigated.The results reveal that Hefei experienced the highest ozone concentration(134.77±42.82μg/m^(3)),exceedance frequency(46 days(23.23%)),and proportion of EOPEs(21 instances,47.7%)under the control of peripheral subsidence of typhoon(Type 5).Regional southeast winds correlated with the ozone pollution in Hefei.During EOPEs,a high boundary layer height,solar radiation,and temperature;lowhumidity and cloud cover;and pronounced subsidence airflow occurred over Hefei and the broader YRD region.The East-South(E_S)patterns exhibited the highest frequency(28 instances,65.11%).Regarding the TPPs and geographical sources of the near-surface air masses during historical EOPEs.The YRD was the main source for land-originating air masses under E_S patterns(50.28%),with Hefei,southern Anhui,southern Jiangsu,and northern Zhejiang being key contributors.These findings can help improve ozone pollution early warning and control mechanisms at urban and regional scales.展开更多
Severe ozone(O_(3))pollution has always been a serious problem faced by areas with rapid economic development,and the regional O_(3)transport between cities is a major cause of this problem.Therefore,we used a bidirec...Severe ozone(O_(3))pollution has always been a serious problem faced by areas with rapid economic development,and the regional O_(3)transport between cities is a major cause of this problem.Therefore,we used a bidirectional long short-term memory(Bi-LSTM)model to quantitatively identify the regional O_(3)transport in Hangzhou Bay,China.Combined with the meteorological removal method,we were able to model O_(3)concentrations that were not affected by transport.The contribution of regional transport to Shanghai’s O_(3)was quantified and validated using two different simulation schemes,which yielded highly consistent results of 18.41μg/m^(3)(24%contribution)and 20.52μg/m^(3)(27%contribution).According to the model simulation results,we found that approximately 24%of the O_(3)pollution in Shanghai originates from other cities in the summer when the O_(3)pollution is high.In addition,the regional O_(3)transport was mainly concentrated during the high-value weather of O_(3)pollution in Shanghai,and transport on non-pollution days was not apparent.Therefore,the regional O_(3)transport from other cities is an important source of O_(3)pollution in Shanghai.Overall,our study demonstrates the potential of machine-learning models coupled with meteorological removal for quantifying the inter-city influence of atmospheric pollutants.展开更多
Jeanologia,the global leader in sustainable textile technologies,is transforming textile finishing into a faster,cleaner,and more competitive process through its ground-breaking laser and ozone innovations.Technology ...Jeanologia,the global leader in sustainable textile technologies,is transforming textile finishing into a faster,cleaner,and more competitive process through its ground-breaking laser and ozone innovations.Technology at the core:Laser and Ozone The company's technological portfolio is led by two key solutions that are redefining industrial finishing.Laser Technology(exemplified by the Compact Super Flash system)delivers creativity,safety,quality,and natural aesthetics.It eliminates manual scraping,PP spray,and any hand touch,ensuring operator safety while boosting produc-tivity through automation and digital efficiency.It provides the best cost per garment and unparalleled design precision.展开更多
This study describes the use of the weighted multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique(WMART)to obtain vertical ozone profiles from limb observations performed by the scanning imaging absorption spectrometer f...This study describes the use of the weighted multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique(WMART)to obtain vertical ozone profiles from limb observations performed by the scanning imaging absorption spectrometer for atmospheric chartography(SCIAMACHY).This technique is based on SaskMART(the combination of the multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique and SaskTRAN radiative transfer model),which was originally developed for optical spectrometer and infrared imaging system(OSIRIS)data.One of the objectives of this study was to obtain consistent ozone profiles from the two satellites.In this study,the WMART algorithm is combined with a radiative transfer model(SCIATRAN),as well as a set of measurement vectors comprising five Hartley pairing vectors(HPVs)and one Chappuis triplet vector(CTV),to retrieve ozone profiles in the altitude range of 10–69 km.Considering that the weighting factors in WMART have a significant effect on the retrievals,we propose a novel approach to calculate the pair/triplet weighting factors using wavelength weighting functions.The results of the application of the proposed ozone retrieval scheme are compared with the SCIAMACHY v3.5 ozone product by University of Bremen and validated against profiles derived from other passive satellite observations or measured by ozonesondes.Between 18 and 55 km,the retrieved ozone profiles typically agree with data from the SCIAMACHY ozone product within 5%for tropics and middle latitudes,whereas a negative deviation exists between 35 and 50 km for northern high latitudes,with a deviation of less than 10%above 50 km.Comparison of the retrieved profiles with microwave limb sounder(MLS)v5.0 indicates that the difference is within±5%between 18 and 55 km,and an agreement within 10%is achieved in other altitudes for tropics and middle latitudes.Comparison of the retrieved profiles with OSIRIS v7.1 indicates that the average deviation is within±5%between 20 and 59 km,and difference of approximately 10%is achieved below 20 km.Compared with ozonesondes data,a general validity of the retrievals is no more than 5%between 15 and 30 km.展开更多
The efficient mineralization of phenol and its derivatives in wastewater remains a great challenge.In this study,the bimetallic CuCeO_(2)-BTC was screened from a series of MOFs-derived MCeO_(2)-BTC(M=La,Cu,Co,Fe,and M...The efficient mineralization of phenol and its derivatives in wastewater remains a great challenge.In this study,the bimetallic CuCeO_(2)-BTC was screened from a series of MOFs-derived MCeO_(2)-BTC(M=La,Cu,Co,Fe,and Mn)catalysts,and the influence of the Cu/Ce ratio on phenol removal by catalytic ozonation was carefully examined.The results indicate that Cu_(2)Ce_(1)O_(y)-BTC was the best among the Cu_(x)Ce_(1)O_(y)-BTC(x=0,1,2,and 3)catalysts,with a phenol mineralization efficiency reaching close to 100%within 200 min,approximately 30.1%higher than CeO_(2)-BTC/O_(3)and 70.3%higher than O_(3)alone.The order of mineralization efficiency of phenol was Cu_(2)Ce_(1)O_(y)-BTC>Cu_(3)Ce_(1)O_(y)-BTC>Cu_(1)Ce_(1)O_(y)-BTC>CeO_(2)-BTC.CeO_(2)-BTC exhibited a broccoli-like morphology,and Cu_(x)Ce_(1)O_(y)-BTC(x=1,2,and 3)exhibited an urchin-like morphology.Compared with Cu_(x)Ce_(1)O_(y)-BTC(x=0,1,and 3),Cu_(2)Ce_(1)O_(y)-BTC exhibited a larger specific surface area and pore volume.This characteristic contributed to the availability of more active sites for phenol degradation.The redox ability was greatly enhanced as well.Besides,the surface of Cu_(2)Ce_(1)O_(y)-BTC exhibited a higher concentration of Ce^(3+)species and hydroxyl groups,which facilitated the dissociation of ozone and the generation of active radicals.Based on the results of radical quenching experiments and the intermediates detected by LC-MS,a potential mechanism for phenol degradation in the Cu_(2)Ce_(1)O_(y)-BTC/O_(3)system was postulated.This study offers novel perspectives on the advancement of MOFs-derived catalysts for achieving the complete mineralization of phenol in wastewater through catalytic ozonation.展开更多
[Objectives]To investigate the clinical efficacy of duloxetine combined with ozone pain point injection for the treatment of fibromyalgia(FM)and assess the effects of this combination therapy on pain,depression,and sl...[Objectives]To investigate the clinical efficacy of duloxetine combined with ozone pain point injection for the treatment of fibromyalgia(FM)and assess the effects of this combination therapy on pain,depression,and sleep disorders.[Methods]A randomized controlled crossover design was employed in this study.Sixty inpatients diagnosed with FM were allocated into three groups:the duloxetine group,the ozone group,and the combination therapy group,with each group consisting of 20 participants.The treatment duration was set at 4 weeks.The Visual Analogue Scale(VAS),the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire(FIQ),the Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD),the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),and the number of tender points were assessed prior to treatment,2 weeks post treatment,and 4 weeks post treatment.[Results]There were no statistically significant differences in various indicators among the three groups of patients prior to treatment.Following treatment,the VAS,FIQ,HAMD,PSQI,and the number of tender points in all three groups exhibited significant improvements(P<0.05).Notably,the combination therapy group demonstrated the most substantial reductions in each score,surpassing the improvements observed in the single application group(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Duloxetine combined with ozone pain point injection demonstrates a synergistic effect in alleviating pain,reducing depression,and enhancing sleep quality in patients with FM.This combination therapy exhibits superior efficacy compared to monotherapy and holds significant potential for clinical application.展开更多
To the editor,We read with great interest the recent study by Wu et al.1 in the Journal of the National Cancer Center,which utilized a nationwide cohort of over two million Chinese adults to reveal a significant,nonli...To the editor,We read with great interest the recent study by Wu et al.1 in the Journal of the National Cancer Center,which utilized a nationwide cohort of over two million Chinese adults to reveal a significant,nonlinear association between long-term ozone(O_(3))exposure and lung cancer incidence.By extending the health implications of O_(3)beyond cardiopulmonary effects to oncogenesis,the study offers timely evidence amid rising ground-level ozone concentrations and limited regulatory oversight.展开更多
基金The project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.29877024)
文摘This paper describes the potential of heterogeneous catalytic ozonization of sulfo-salicylic acid (SSal). It was found that catalytic ozonization in the presence of Mn-Zr-O (a modified manganese dioxide supported on silica gel) had significantly enhanced the removal rate (72%) of total organic carbon (TOC) compared with that of ozonization alone (19%). The efficient removal rate of TOC was probably due to increasing the adsorption ability of catalyst and accelerating decomposition of ozone to produce more powerful oxidants than ozone. .
文摘Arylenevinylene-co-pyrrolenevinylene (AVPV) is polymer oligomer system derived from arylbridged bispyrroles which has been explored for photovoltaic devices. In this paper, we show the dependence of the photovoltaic device parameters on the anode surface treatment in an organic single layer photovoltaic device based on AVPV as an electron donor. Since the total quantum efficiency includes the charge collection efficiency at the electrodes, experiments were carried out to vary the anode (ITO) characteristics, achieved by using ITO with or without ozonization and with or without PEDOT:PSS (Polyethylene dioxythiophene:Polystyrene sulphonic acid) layer. Devices fabricated on ITO anode (without ozonization and without PEDOT:PSS) exhibited the maximum current density (Jsc = 1.3 μA·cm–2) as compared to those devices where ITO was ozonized as well as had a PEDOT:PSS layer (Jsc = 0.1 μA·cm–2) measured under 1 sun illumination of AM 1.5 through a calibrated solar simulator.
基金the Guangdong Province Scientific Plan Project(No.2005A40201002).
文摘Apilot scale test of advanced treatment of ethene wastewater by ozonization was carried out for industrial water reuse.Effects of different operating conditions on COD degradation,such as wastewater flow rate,ozonized gas flow rate,operating voltage of ozonizer and two ozone generation means,using pure oxygen or air,was investigated.The results show that the increase of ozonizer operating voltage,the decrease of wastewater flow rate and the suitable ozonized gas flowrate improve the removal ofCOD inwastewater and thatozone generatedrespectively fromair and pure oxygen can effectively remove COD of ethene wastewater to meet the industrial water reuse criterion.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2024YFC3714200)Guangxi Key Research and Development Program,China(No.Guike AB24010074)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22276099,U24A20515 and 22361162668)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20240036)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.KYCX24_1529).
文摘Temperature has a substantial impact on the emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds(BVOCs).Moder-ate warm temperatures,e.g.,30–40°C,could boost plant metabolism,increasing BVOC emissions.Against the backdrop of global warming,plants emit more BVOCs to cope with thermal stress,leading to elevated concen-trations of tropospheric ozone(O_(3))and secondary organic aerosols(SOA).In recent years,a considerable body of research has explored the interaction between tree species and BVOCs under the influence of various environ-mental factors.Although many studies have examined explored the temperature dependence of BVOC emissions in the past,few studies have conducted a comprehensive and in-depth investigation into the impacts of tempera-ture.This review summarizes the relevant studies on BVOCs in the past decade,including the main biosynthetic pathways,emission observation techniques and emission inventories,as well as how temperature affects isoprene and monoterpene emission rates and the formation of O_(3) and SOA.Our work offers a theoretical foundation and guidance for future efforts to advance the comprehension of BVOC emission characteristics and develop strategies to mitigate secondary pollution.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41905108 and 42130704).
文摘Carbonyl compounds play a pivotal role in the formation of secondary pollutants such as O_(3) and SOA,signifi-cantly impacting air quality and human health.This study extended the observation period compared to previous research,providing a long-term perspective on carbonyl compound variations and their environmental implica-tions.Atmospheric observations were conducted at Beijing(BJ)and Xianghe(XH)during the summer and winter months of 2018,2019,and 2023 to study the sources and impacts of carbonyl compounds in typical urban areas and peri‑urban areas.Notably,concentrations in the summer of 2023 increased compared to 2018 and 2019.The predominant carbonyl compounds—formaldehyde,acetaldehyde,and acetone—accounted for over 60%of the total.The mean values of OFP in BJ ranged from 18.55 to 58.61μg/m3,lower than those in XH(29.82 to 65.48μg/m3),with formaldehyde and acetaldehyde contributing over 80%of the total.SOAP exhibited a similar pattern,with values in XH(69.21 to 508.55μg/m3)significantly exceeding those in BJ(34.47 to 159.78μg/m3).The PMF model highlighted vehicle exhaust,secondary pollution,and biomass combustion as major sources of carbonyl compounds,emphasizing differences in source contributions between the two regions.This study’s com-parative analysis over different years and locations provides new insights into the dynamic changes in carbonyl compounds and their environmental importance.These results not only reinforce the importance of carbonyl compounds regulation but also offer a valuable reference for evaluating and refining emission control strategies during this period.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Regional Fund)(No.51868054)the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia of China(General Program)(No.2022MS05052).
文摘4-Nitrophenol(4-NP),a toxic and persistent pollutant in chemical wastewater,presents significant challenges in degradation and mineralization.Conventional ozone oxidation catalysts are hindered by low efficiency,mass transfer constraints and metal leaching,necessitating the development of stable and efficient catalysts.Herein,BCn-H/MS,the derivative of Bi(Ce)-MOF,was prepared by in situ incorporation,thermal decomposition and acid etching.The resulting materials were characterized and employed in catalytic ozonation for the reduction of 4-NP.Under the specific experimental conditions of the O_(3)+BC0.3-H/MS system,the total organic carbon(TOC)and chemical oxygen demand(COD)removal rates of 4-NP were observed to reach 94.6%and 91.8%within 30 min,respectively.These two parameters were improved by raising the initial pH,reducing the pollutant concentration and increasing the catalyst dosage.The abundant oxygen vacancies(OVs)were regarded as the pivotal catalytic site of BC0.3-H/MS,which was conducive to the adsorption of O_(3) and the acceleration of the formation of reactive oxygen species(ROS).The regular hollow square structure effectively boosted the specific surface area,increased OVs exposure and accelerated the adsorption and mass transfer process.The electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)results demonstrated that the primary ROS engaged in the degradation reaction were⋅OH and⋅O_(2)−.BC0.3-H/MS demonstrated excellent stability and reusability in cyclic experiments.Toxicity analysis revealed that the O_(3)+BC0.3-H/MS system exhibited an effective detoxification effect.Ultimately,the primary degradation pathway of 4-NP was proposed through liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy(LC-MS)and in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared fourier-transform spectroscopy(DRIFTS)analyses at varying reaction times.
基金supported by Hong Kong Environment Protection Department(Quotation Ref.18-06532)Hong Kong Innovation and Technology Fund(ITS/193/20FP)Hong Kong Research Grants Council(No.26304921).
文摘Initial success has been achieved in Hong Kong in controlling primary air pollutants,but ambient ozone levels kept increasing during the past three decades.Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)are important for mitigating ozone pollution as its major precursors.This study analyzed VOC characteristics of roadside,suburban,and rural sites in Hong Kong to investigate their compositions,concentrations,and source contributions.Herewe showthat the TVOC concentrations were 23.05±13.24,12.68±15.36,and 5.16±5.48 ppbv for roadside,suburban,and rural sites between May 2015 to June 2019,respectively.By using Positive Matrix Factorization(PMF)model,six sources were identified at the roadside site over five years:Liquefied petroleum gas(LPG)usage(33%–46%),gasoline evaporation(8%–31%),aged air mass(11%–28%),gasoline exhaust(5%–16%),diesel exhaust(2%–16%)and fuel filling(75–9%).Similarly,six sources were distinguished at the suburban site,including LPG usage(30%–33%),solvent usage(20%–26%),diesel exhaust(14%–26%),gasoline evaporation(8%–16%),aged air mass(4%–11%),and biogenic emissions(2%–5%).At the rural site,four sources were identified,including aged airmass(33%–51%),solvent usage(25%–30%),vehicular emissions(11%–28%),and biogenic emissions(6%–12%).The analysis further revealed that fuel filling and LPG usage were the primary contributors to OFP and OH reactivity at the roadside site,while solvent usage and biogenic emissions accounted for almost half of OFP and OH reactivity at the suburban and rural sites,respectively.These findings highlight the importance of identifying and characterizing VOC sources at different sites to help policymakers develop targeted measures for pollution mitigation in specific areas.
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research project (No.2020B0301030004)the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province (No.2020B1111360003)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.42105103)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (No.2022A1515011554).
文摘Objective weather classification methods have been extensively applied to identify dominant ozone-favorable synoptic weather patterns(SWPs),however,the consistency of different classification methods is rarely examined.In this study,we apply two widely-used objective methods,the self-organizing map(SOM)and K-means clustering analysis,to derive ozone-favorable SWPs at four Chinese megacities in 2015-2022.We find that the two algorithms are largely consistent in recognizing dominant ozone-favorable SWPs for four Chinese megacities.In the case of classifying six SWPs,the derived circulation fields are highly similar with a spatial correlation of 0.99 between the two methods,and the difference in themean frequency of each SWP is less than 7%.The six dominant ozone-favorable SWPs in Guangzhou are all characterized by anomaly higher radiation and temperature,lower cloud cover,relative humidity,and wind speed,and stronger subsidence compared to climatology mean.We find that during 2015-2022,the occurrence of ozone-favorable SWPs days increases significantly at a rate of 3.2 days/year,faster than the increases in the ozone exceedance days(3.0 days/year).The interannual variability between the occurrence of ozone-favorable SWPs and ozone exceedance days are generally consistent with a temporal correlation coefficient of 0.6.In particular,the significant increase in ozone-favorable SWPs in 2022,especially the Subtropical High type which typically occurs in September,is consistent with a long-lasting ozone pollution episode in Guangzhou during September 2022.Our results thus reveal that enhanced frequency of ozone-favorable SWPs plays an important role in the observed 2015-2022 ozone increase in Guangzhou.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(Nos.D2019106042,D2020304038,and D2021106002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22276099)+1 种基金the State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex(No.2021080544)the Environmental Monitoring Research Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.2211).
文摘VOCs(Volatile organic compounds)exert a vital role in ozone and secondary organic aerosol production,necessitating investigations into their concentration,chemical characteristics,and source apportionment for the effective implementation of measures aimed at preventing and controlling atmospheric pollution.FromJuly to October 2020,onlinemonitoringwas conducted in the main urban area of Shijiazhuang to collect data on VOCs and analyze their concentrations and reactivity.Additionally,the PMF(positive matrix factorization)method was utilized to identify the VOCs sources.Results indicated that the TVOCs(total VOCs)concentration was(96.7±63.4μg/m^3),with alkanes exhibiting the highest concentration of(36.1±26.4μg/m^3),followed by OVOCs(16.4±14.4μg/m^3).The key active components were alkenes and aromatics,among which xylene,propylene,toluene,propionaldehyde,acetaldehyde,ethylene,and styrene played crucial roles as reactive species.The sources derived from PMF analysis encompassed vehicle emissions,solvent and coating sources,combustion sources,industrial emissions sources,as well as plant sources,the contribution of which were 37.80%,27.93%,16.57%,15.24%,and 2.46%,respectively.Hence,reducing vehicular exhaust emissions and encouraging neighboring industries to adopt low-volatile organic solvents and coatings should be prioritized to mitigate VOCs levels.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Nos.2022YFC3702000 and 2022YFC3703500)the Key R&D Project of Zhejiang Province (No.2022C03146).
文摘Severe ground-level ozone(O_(3))pollution over major Chinese cities has become one of the most challenging problems,which have deleterious effects on human health and the sustainability of society.This study explored the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of ground-level O_(3) and its precursors based on conventional pollutant and meteorological monitoring data in Zhejiang Province from 2016 to 2021.Then,a high-performance convolutional neural network(CNN)model was established by expanding the moment and the concentration variations to general factors.Finally,the response mechanism of O_(3) to the variation with crucial influencing factors is explored by controlling variables and interpolating target variables.The results indicated that the annual average MDA8-90th concentrations in Zhejiang Province are higher in the northern and lower in the southern.When the wind direction(WD)ranges from east to southwest and the wind speed(WS)ranges between 2 and 3 m/sec,higher O_(3) concentration prone to occur.At different temperatures(T),the O_(3) concentration showed a trend of first increasing and subsequently decreasing with increasing NO_(2) concentration,peaks at the NO_(2) concentration around 0.02mg/m^(3).The sensitivity of NO_(2) to O_(3) formation is not easily affected by temperature,barometric pressure and dew point temperature.Additionally,there is a minimum IRNO_(2) at each temperature when the NO_(2) concentration is 0.03 mg/m^(3),and this minimum IRNO_(2) decreases with increasing temperature.The study explores the response mechanism of O_(3) with the change of driving variables,which can provide a scientific foundation and methodological support for the targeted management of O_(3) pollution.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U19A2044,42105132,42030609,and 41975037)the National Key Research and Development Programof China(No.2022YFC3700303).
文摘Extreme ozone pollution events(EOPEs)are associated with synoptic weather patterns(SWPs)and pose severe health and ecological risks.However,a systematic investigation of themeteorological causes,transport pathways,and source contributions to historical EOPEs is still lacking.In this paper,the K-means clustering method is applied to identify six dominant SWPs during the warm season in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD)region from 2016 to 2022.It provides an integrated analysis of the meteorological factors affecting ozone pollution in Hefei under different SWPs.Using the WRF-FLEXPART model,the transport pathways(TPPs)and geographical sources of the near-surface air masses in Hefei during EOPEs are investigated.The results reveal that Hefei experienced the highest ozone concentration(134.77±42.82μg/m^(3)),exceedance frequency(46 days(23.23%)),and proportion of EOPEs(21 instances,47.7%)under the control of peripheral subsidence of typhoon(Type 5).Regional southeast winds correlated with the ozone pollution in Hefei.During EOPEs,a high boundary layer height,solar radiation,and temperature;lowhumidity and cloud cover;and pronounced subsidence airflow occurred over Hefei and the broader YRD region.The East-South(E_S)patterns exhibited the highest frequency(28 instances,65.11%).Regarding the TPPs and geographical sources of the near-surface air masses during historical EOPEs.The YRD was the main source for land-originating air masses under E_S patterns(50.28%),with Hefei,southern Anhui,southern Jiangsu,and northern Zhejiang being key contributors.These findings can help improve ozone pollution early warning and control mechanisms at urban and regional scales.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC3700400)the Shanghai Science and Technology Plan Project,China(No.22SQBS01000)the Highlevel University Special Fund,China(No.G03050K001).
文摘Severe ozone(O_(3))pollution has always been a serious problem faced by areas with rapid economic development,and the regional O_(3)transport between cities is a major cause of this problem.Therefore,we used a bidirectional long short-term memory(Bi-LSTM)model to quantitatively identify the regional O_(3)transport in Hangzhou Bay,China.Combined with the meteorological removal method,we were able to model O_(3)concentrations that were not affected by transport.The contribution of regional transport to Shanghai’s O_(3)was quantified and validated using two different simulation schemes,which yielded highly consistent results of 18.41μg/m^(3)(24%contribution)and 20.52μg/m^(3)(27%contribution).According to the model simulation results,we found that approximately 24%of the O_(3)pollution in Shanghai originates from other cities in the summer when the O_(3)pollution is high.In addition,the regional O_(3)transport was mainly concentrated during the high-value weather of O_(3)pollution in Shanghai,and transport on non-pollution days was not apparent.Therefore,the regional O_(3)transport from other cities is an important source of O_(3)pollution in Shanghai.Overall,our study demonstrates the potential of machine-learning models coupled with meteorological removal for quantifying the inter-city influence of atmospheric pollutants.
文摘Jeanologia,the global leader in sustainable textile technologies,is transforming textile finishing into a faster,cleaner,and more competitive process through its ground-breaking laser and ozone innovations.Technology at the core:Laser and Ozone The company's technological portfolio is led by two key solutions that are redefining industrial finishing.Laser Technology(exemplified by the Compact Super Flash system)delivers creativity,safety,quality,and natural aesthetics.It eliminates manual scraping,PP spray,and any hand touch,ensuring operator safety while boosting produc-tivity through automation and digital efficiency.It provides the best cost per garment and unparalleled design precision.
基金supported by the National Science Foundations of China(No.61905256)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFC0214702)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2020439)。
文摘This study describes the use of the weighted multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique(WMART)to obtain vertical ozone profiles from limb observations performed by the scanning imaging absorption spectrometer for atmospheric chartography(SCIAMACHY).This technique is based on SaskMART(the combination of the multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique and SaskTRAN radiative transfer model),which was originally developed for optical spectrometer and infrared imaging system(OSIRIS)data.One of the objectives of this study was to obtain consistent ozone profiles from the two satellites.In this study,the WMART algorithm is combined with a radiative transfer model(SCIATRAN),as well as a set of measurement vectors comprising five Hartley pairing vectors(HPVs)and one Chappuis triplet vector(CTV),to retrieve ozone profiles in the altitude range of 10–69 km.Considering that the weighting factors in WMART have a significant effect on the retrievals,we propose a novel approach to calculate the pair/triplet weighting factors using wavelength weighting functions.The results of the application of the proposed ozone retrieval scheme are compared with the SCIAMACHY v3.5 ozone product by University of Bremen and validated against profiles derived from other passive satellite observations or measured by ozonesondes.Between 18 and 55 km,the retrieved ozone profiles typically agree with data from the SCIAMACHY ozone product within 5%for tropics and middle latitudes,whereas a negative deviation exists between 35 and 50 km for northern high latitudes,with a deviation of less than 10%above 50 km.Comparison of the retrieved profiles with microwave limb sounder(MLS)v5.0 indicates that the difference is within±5%between 18 and 55 km,and an agreement within 10%is achieved in other altitudes for tropics and middle latitudes.Comparison of the retrieved profiles with OSIRIS v7.1 indicates that the average deviation is within±5%between 20 and 59 km,and difference of approximately 10%is achieved below 20 km.Compared with ozonesondes data,a general validity of the retrievals is no more than 5%between 15 and 30 km.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22206013).
文摘The efficient mineralization of phenol and its derivatives in wastewater remains a great challenge.In this study,the bimetallic CuCeO_(2)-BTC was screened from a series of MOFs-derived MCeO_(2)-BTC(M=La,Cu,Co,Fe,and Mn)catalysts,and the influence of the Cu/Ce ratio on phenol removal by catalytic ozonation was carefully examined.The results indicate that Cu_(2)Ce_(1)O_(y)-BTC was the best among the Cu_(x)Ce_(1)O_(y)-BTC(x=0,1,2,and 3)catalysts,with a phenol mineralization efficiency reaching close to 100%within 200 min,approximately 30.1%higher than CeO_(2)-BTC/O_(3)and 70.3%higher than O_(3)alone.The order of mineralization efficiency of phenol was Cu_(2)Ce_(1)O_(y)-BTC>Cu_(3)Ce_(1)O_(y)-BTC>Cu_(1)Ce_(1)O_(y)-BTC>CeO_(2)-BTC.CeO_(2)-BTC exhibited a broccoli-like morphology,and Cu_(x)Ce_(1)O_(y)-BTC(x=1,2,and 3)exhibited an urchin-like morphology.Compared with Cu_(x)Ce_(1)O_(y)-BTC(x=0,1,and 3),Cu_(2)Ce_(1)O_(y)-BTC exhibited a larger specific surface area and pore volume.This characteristic contributed to the availability of more active sites for phenol degradation.The redox ability was greatly enhanced as well.Besides,the surface of Cu_(2)Ce_(1)O_(y)-BTC exhibited a higher concentration of Ce^(3+)species and hydroxyl groups,which facilitated the dissociation of ozone and the generation of active radicals.Based on the results of radical quenching experiments and the intermediates detected by LC-MS,a potential mechanism for phenol degradation in the Cu_(2)Ce_(1)O_(y)-BTC/O_(3)system was postulated.This study offers novel perspectives on the advancement of MOFs-derived catalysts for achieving the complete mineralization of phenol in wastewater through catalytic ozonation.
基金Supported by Hospital-level Project of Shiyan Taihe Hospital(2017JJXM091).
文摘[Objectives]To investigate the clinical efficacy of duloxetine combined with ozone pain point injection for the treatment of fibromyalgia(FM)and assess the effects of this combination therapy on pain,depression,and sleep disorders.[Methods]A randomized controlled crossover design was employed in this study.Sixty inpatients diagnosed with FM were allocated into three groups:the duloxetine group,the ozone group,and the combination therapy group,with each group consisting of 20 participants.The treatment duration was set at 4 weeks.The Visual Analogue Scale(VAS),the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire(FIQ),the Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD),the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),and the number of tender points were assessed prior to treatment,2 weeks post treatment,and 4 weeks post treatment.[Results]There were no statistically significant differences in various indicators among the three groups of patients prior to treatment.Following treatment,the VAS,FIQ,HAMD,PSQI,and the number of tender points in all three groups exhibited significant improvements(P<0.05).Notably,the combination therapy group demonstrated the most substantial reductions in each score,surpassing the improvements observed in the single application group(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Duloxetine combined with ozone pain point injection demonstrates a synergistic effect in alleviating pain,reducing depression,and enhancing sleep quality in patients with FM.This combination therapy exhibits superior efficacy compared to monotherapy and holds significant potential for clinical application.
文摘To the editor,We read with great interest the recent study by Wu et al.1 in the Journal of the National Cancer Center,which utilized a nationwide cohort of over two million Chinese adults to reveal a significant,nonlinear association between long-term ozone(O_(3))exposure and lung cancer incidence.By extending the health implications of O_(3)beyond cardiopulmonary effects to oncogenesis,the study offers timely evidence amid rising ground-level ozone concentrations and limited regulatory oversight.
