Background: Malnutrition, a serious public health concern, is influenced by various factors. Objective: The study aims to explore malnutrition issues among infants under five years old in Guéra Province. Methods:...Background: Malnutrition, a serious public health concern, is influenced by various factors. Objective: The study aims to explore malnutrition issues among infants under five years old in Guéra Province. Methods: The study used a cross-sectional design and a two-stage cluster sampling method to select participants. The study population was infants aged between 0 - 24 months. Data collection was done between June 2023 and September 2024;it included anthropometric measurements, blood analyses, and interviews. Anthropometric parameters were calculated using ENA for SMART software. Statistical analyses were performed by R Studio to investigate associations between different characteristics, using logistic regression models to identify risk factors. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The study included 377 infants in eight villages in Guéra Province, Chad. The sample was predominantly girls (55.3%), with a median age of 16 months. Most infants (94%) were mixed-fed, and only 6% were exclusively breastfed. We found that 7.3% of children were globally malnourished, with higher rates in boys 9.6%. A significant disparity existed between boys and girls in global acute malnutrition (GAM) rates, with boys having a higher prevalence of 17.9%. A substantial proportion of Infants were underweight, with males 27.4%. Stunting was prevalent 20.1%. Several factors were associated with malnutrition, including gender, feeding practices, infectious diseases, and socioeconomic factors. Diarrhea, malaria, limited access to drinking water, and early diet diversification were significantly associated with malnutrition. Conclusion: Targeted interventions are necessary to address these issues and improve the nutritional status of children in the Guéra province.展开更多
Obesity is increasing around the globe. While adult lifestyle factors undoubtedly contribute to the incidence of obesity and its attendant disorders, mounting evidence suggests that programming of obesity may occur fo...Obesity is increasing around the globe. While adult lifestyle factors undoubtedly contribute to the incidence of obesity and its attendant disorders, mounting evidence suggests that programming of obesity may occur following underand over-nutrition during development. As hypothalamic control of appetite and energy expenditure is set early in life and can be perturbed by certain exposures such as under nutrition and altered metabolic and hormonal signals, in utero exposure to altered maternal nutrition and inadequate nutrition during early postnatal life may contribute to programming of obesity in offspring. Data from animal studies indicate both intrauterine and postnatal environments are critical determinants of the development of pathways regulating energy homeostasis. This review summarizes recent evidence of the impact of maternal nutrition as well as postnatal nutrition of the offspring on subsequent obesity and disease risk of the offspring. While much of the experimental work reviewed here was conducted in the rodent, these observations provide useful insights into avenues for future research into developing preventive measures to curb the obesity epidemic.展开更多
Spinal cord injury(SCI)is a common disease in spinal surgery.SCI affects the metabolism of patients and changes their lifestyle.Nutritional problems may occur,which may be manifested as insufficient or overnutrition.N...Spinal cord injury(SCI)is a common disease in spinal surgery.SCI affects the metabolism of patients and changes their lifestyle.Nutritional problems may occur,which may be manifested as insufficient or overnutrition.Nutrition status is related to many complications and final outcome after SCI.In this paper,the nutritional status of patients with SCI and the progress of nutritional intervention were reviewed by comprehensive domestic and foreign literature.Medical staff should routinely screen and evaluate the nutrition of patients after SCI operation,and provide comprehensive nutritional intervention such as diet,exercise and dietary supplement.展开更多
As environmental exposomes are changing with time,so are liver diseases around the globe.Due to an increasing prevalence of overnutrition and sedentary lifestyle in the global population,metabolic dysfunction-associat...As environmental exposomes are changing with time,so are liver diseases around the globe.Due to an increasing prevalence of overnutrition and sedentary lifestyle in the global population,metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)and steatohepatitis have been increasing steadily in the past decades.Alcohol consumption is another common risk factor for liver diseases such as alcohol-associated liver disease or hepatitis.For both alcohol-associated and metabolic dysfunction-associated liver diseases,hepatocyte injuries are among the early events during the development of steatotic liver disease(SLD).Hepatic inflammation and fibrosis ensue with recurring hepatic damages owing to immune responses from multiple immune cell types,particularly neutrophils,Kupffer cells and monocyte-derived macrophages in response to damage-associated and pathogen-associated molecular patterns,and extracellular matrix production predominantly from hepatic stellate cells.Both environmental and genetic factors contribute to the SLD pathogenesis.Common environmental risk factors include obesity,type 2 diabetes mellitus,unhealthy diets,sedentary lifestyle and excessive alcohol consumption.Numerous genome-wide association studies have identified multiple genetic variants associated with key traits of SLD,including patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 rs738409,transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 rs58542926,membrane bound O-acyltransferase domain containing 7 rs641738 and hydroxysteroid 17 beta-dehydrogenase 13 rs72613567.Cirrhosis and liver cancer are common late-stage developments of various chronic liver diseases;however,there are pathological differences according to disease aetiologies.Therefore,preventive and therapeutic intervention strategies should align with the underlying causal and modifiable factors.Currently,multiple therapeutics have been developed or approved for treatment of SLD,including thyroid hormone receptorβagonists,glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists and fibroblast growth factor 21 analogues.The concept of this review was motivated and inspired by the Seventh Annual Symposium of Chinese American Liver Society held in San Diego,California,USA on 13-14 November 2024.展开更多
文摘Background: Malnutrition, a serious public health concern, is influenced by various factors. Objective: The study aims to explore malnutrition issues among infants under five years old in Guéra Province. Methods: The study used a cross-sectional design and a two-stage cluster sampling method to select participants. The study population was infants aged between 0 - 24 months. Data collection was done between June 2023 and September 2024;it included anthropometric measurements, blood analyses, and interviews. Anthropometric parameters were calculated using ENA for SMART software. Statistical analyses were performed by R Studio to investigate associations between different characteristics, using logistic regression models to identify risk factors. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The study included 377 infants in eight villages in Guéra Province, Chad. The sample was predominantly girls (55.3%), with a median age of 16 months. Most infants (94%) were mixed-fed, and only 6% were exclusively breastfed. We found that 7.3% of children were globally malnourished, with higher rates in boys 9.6%. A significant disparity existed between boys and girls in global acute malnutrition (GAM) rates, with boys having a higher prevalence of 17.9%. A substantial proportion of Infants were underweight, with males 27.4%. Stunting was prevalent 20.1%. Several factors were associated with malnutrition, including gender, feeding practices, infectious diseases, and socioeconomic factors. Diarrhea, malaria, limited access to drinking water, and early diet diversification were significantly associated with malnutrition. Conclusion: Targeted interventions are necessary to address these issues and improve the nutritional status of children in the Guéra province.
文摘Obesity is increasing around the globe. While adult lifestyle factors undoubtedly contribute to the incidence of obesity and its attendant disorders, mounting evidence suggests that programming of obesity may occur following underand over-nutrition during development. As hypothalamic control of appetite and energy expenditure is set early in life and can be perturbed by certain exposures such as under nutrition and altered metabolic and hormonal signals, in utero exposure to altered maternal nutrition and inadequate nutrition during early postnatal life may contribute to programming of obesity in offspring. Data from animal studies indicate both intrauterine and postnatal environments are critical determinants of the development of pathways regulating energy homeostasis. This review summarizes recent evidence of the impact of maternal nutrition as well as postnatal nutrition of the offspring on subsequent obesity and disease risk of the offspring. While much of the experimental work reviewed here was conducted in the rodent, these observations provide useful insights into avenues for future research into developing preventive measures to curb the obesity epidemic.
文摘Spinal cord injury(SCI)is a common disease in spinal surgery.SCI affects the metabolism of patients and changes their lifestyle.Nutritional problems may occur,which may be manifested as insufficient or overnutrition.Nutrition status is related to many complications and final outcome after SCI.In this paper,the nutritional status of patients with SCI and the progress of nutritional intervention were reviewed by comprehensive domestic and foreign literature.Medical staff should routinely screen and evaluate the nutrition of patients after SCI operation,and provide comprehensive nutritional intervention such as diet,exercise and dietary supplement.
基金supported in part by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases awards R01DK120689(XCD),R01DK121925(XCD)and R01DK124612(WL)the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism awards R01AA028506(XCD and WL),UT2AA031151(WL and XCD),K01AA26385(ZY)R01AA030993(ZY),and the National Institute on Aging award R21AG072288(XCD).
文摘As environmental exposomes are changing with time,so are liver diseases around the globe.Due to an increasing prevalence of overnutrition and sedentary lifestyle in the global population,metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)and steatohepatitis have been increasing steadily in the past decades.Alcohol consumption is another common risk factor for liver diseases such as alcohol-associated liver disease or hepatitis.For both alcohol-associated and metabolic dysfunction-associated liver diseases,hepatocyte injuries are among the early events during the development of steatotic liver disease(SLD).Hepatic inflammation and fibrosis ensue with recurring hepatic damages owing to immune responses from multiple immune cell types,particularly neutrophils,Kupffer cells and monocyte-derived macrophages in response to damage-associated and pathogen-associated molecular patterns,and extracellular matrix production predominantly from hepatic stellate cells.Both environmental and genetic factors contribute to the SLD pathogenesis.Common environmental risk factors include obesity,type 2 diabetes mellitus,unhealthy diets,sedentary lifestyle and excessive alcohol consumption.Numerous genome-wide association studies have identified multiple genetic variants associated with key traits of SLD,including patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 rs738409,transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 rs58542926,membrane bound O-acyltransferase domain containing 7 rs641738 and hydroxysteroid 17 beta-dehydrogenase 13 rs72613567.Cirrhosis and liver cancer are common late-stage developments of various chronic liver diseases;however,there are pathological differences according to disease aetiologies.Therefore,preventive and therapeutic intervention strategies should align with the underlying causal and modifiable factors.Currently,multiple therapeutics have been developed or approved for treatment of SLD,including thyroid hormone receptorβagonists,glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists and fibroblast growth factor 21 analogues.The concept of this review was motivated and inspired by the Seventh Annual Symposium of Chinese American Liver Society held in San Diego,California,USA on 13-14 November 2024.
