The article discusses the prospects of using algae in the soil—to improve the fertility of rice fields in the Osh oblast of Kyrgyzstan.The authors note that the Fergana Valley,where Osh oblast is located,is an import...The article discusses the prospects of using algae in the soil—to improve the fertility of rice fields in the Osh oblast of Kyrgyzstan.The authors note that the Fergana Valley,where Osh oblast is located,is an important rice-grow-ing region,and there are currently plans to expand rice fields.In this regard,the study of methods to increase rice yields,such as algolization,is of particular relevance.The article emphasizes that rice fields are unique aquatic ecosystems where microorganisms,especially algae,play an important role.Algae,particularly blue-green algae(cyanobacteria),are capable of fixing nitrogen from the air and enrich the soil with it,which is especially important for rice,which needs nitrogen for growth.The algolization method helps to improve soil structure,reduce the need for mineral fertilizers,control weeds and is an environmentally friendly method of fertility improvement.The authors provide data on the spe-cies composition of cyanobacteria found in rice fields in Osh oblast,noting the predominance of Chroococcus and Hor-mogonium forms.They also indicate seasonal fluctuations in algae abundance associated with climatic conditions.In conclusion,the authors highlight the promising application of algolization in rice farming in Osh oblast and the need for further research to identify the most effective algal species and develop optimal methods of their application.展开更多
Under conditions of increased pollution of water resources,the search for effective and environmentally safe methods of wastewater treatment becomes an urgent task.As noted by many researchers Lemna minor L.and Azolla...Under conditions of increased pollution of water resources,the search for effective and environmentally safe methods of wastewater treatment becomes an urgent task.As noted by many researchers Lemna minor L.and Azolla caroliniana have great potential for biological treatment of wastewater.The present study is devoted to the biological treatment of municipal wastewater of Osh city(Kyrgyzstan)using aquatic plants Lemna minor L.and Azolla caroliniana Willd.Experiments were conducted in concrete basins of treatment facilities.The area of each pool was 1 m^(2),depth 30–45 cm.The temperature of nutrient media ranged from 20 to 35℃,pH from 6.1 to 8.7,and light intensity from 284 to 360 W/m^(2)FAR.The results showed that the cultivation of Lemna minor resulted in the oxygenation of wastewater and,a significant reduction of pollutants and pathogens.At the same time,the use of Azolla caroliniana provided a significant improvement in the physicochemical characteristics of water-reduction of BOD_(5)to 4.3 mgO_(2)/L,disappearance of all forms of nitrogen,as well as improvement of transparency and elimination of unpleasant odor.Thus,both plants showed high potential as biological treatment agents.The obtained data confirm the prospect of their application for a sustainable water treatment system in the conditions of southern regions of Kyrgyzstan.展开更多
Background: The Occupational Safety and Health Council(OSHC) is committed to improve the safety performance of the high risk construction industry.In the past three years,about 40% of the fatal accidents in the constr...Background: The Occupational Safety and Health Council(OSHC) is committed to improve the safety performance of the high risk construction industry.In the past three years,about 40% of the fatal accidents in the construction industry were related to Renovation,Maintenance,Alteration and Addition(RMAA).Due to the poor safety record,some of the RMAA contractors have difficulty in obtaining the Employees' Compensation Insurance(ECI) cover in the market,or if they could obtain the ECI,the premium rate would be exceedingly high.In view of this,the OSHC,the Labour Department jointly launched"OSH Star Enterprise-Pilot Scheme on Safety Accreditation for the RMAA Industry",which prompts the industry to take practicable safety measures to improve the safety of working environment and reduce occupational injuries.The program also helps the stakeholders and insurers to identify safety-conscious contractors and thereby provide them with a favourable premium rate under the Employees' Compensation Insurance Residual Scheme(ECIRS).Objectives: The OSHC launches the Pilot Scheme to improve the safety performance of the RMAA industry through providing safety training,subsidizing enterprise to purchase safety equipment and providing safety audit.We also use financial incentive to encourage RMAA enterprises to join the Pilot Scheme-for those who are accredited as "OSH Star Enterprise"could receive a premium discount from the ERIRS when obtaining the ECI.The scheme also differentiates those safety-conscious and law-abiding enterprises from the poor performers,which helps the industry and public identifying the RMAA contractors who pay attention to work safety.Methods: The Pilot Scheme targets RMAA enterprises that employ less than 50 employees in Hong Kong.A three-pronged approach is used to improve the safety performance of the RMAA industry: the Pilot Scheme provides(1) financial support for the RMAA contractors to buy a transportable temporary anchor device and full body safety harness and its anchor system;(2) safety training on RMAA work safety and safety & health supervisor course;and(3) safety audit.Results: Enterprises that successfully pass the safety audit and satisfied the Scheme requirements will be accredited as"OSH Star Enterprise",which will be valid for two years.These enterprises can also be upgraded to"OSH Gold Star Enterprise"based on their continuous improvement in safety performance.OSHC will set up a register of OSH-accredited enterprises in RMAA works for reference of the public to facilitate their choosing of accredited contractors.The Employees' Compensation Insurance Residual Scheme Bureau will provide privileged premium rate for enterprises with OSH accreditation."OSH Star Enterprise"could enjoy 40% discounts when joining their insurance scheme.For example,a skilled worker's annual premium can be reduced by about HK $ 36,000.While,the "OSH Gold Star Enterprise"could enjoy 50% discounts when joining their insurance scheme,which means a skilled worker's annual premium can be reduced up to HK $ 45,000.Achievements: This Pilot Scheme offers practical assistance as well as attractive financial incentives for the RMAA industry to improve their safety performance.The Employees'Compensation Insurance Residual Scheme provides premium discounts for enterprises that have a good safety record.It provides incentive for RMAA contractors to actively participate in the Pilot Scheme.The Scheme demonstrates that by providing a safe working environment and appropriate personal protective equipment to workers,the enterprise not only helps to reduce the accident rate of the industry but also receive an economic return.The Pilot Scheme bridges stakeholders of RMAA industry,the government and the insurance industry creating an "all-win"situation.This partnership approach to prevent injuries and accidents in the construction industry could be an effective model for other industries.展开更多
文摘The article discusses the prospects of using algae in the soil—to improve the fertility of rice fields in the Osh oblast of Kyrgyzstan.The authors note that the Fergana Valley,where Osh oblast is located,is an important rice-grow-ing region,and there are currently plans to expand rice fields.In this regard,the study of methods to increase rice yields,such as algolization,is of particular relevance.The article emphasizes that rice fields are unique aquatic ecosystems where microorganisms,especially algae,play an important role.Algae,particularly blue-green algae(cyanobacteria),are capable of fixing nitrogen from the air and enrich the soil with it,which is especially important for rice,which needs nitrogen for growth.The algolization method helps to improve soil structure,reduce the need for mineral fertilizers,control weeds and is an environmentally friendly method of fertility improvement.The authors provide data on the spe-cies composition of cyanobacteria found in rice fields in Osh oblast,noting the predominance of Chroococcus and Hor-mogonium forms.They also indicate seasonal fluctuations in algae abundance associated with climatic conditions.In conclusion,the authors highlight the promising application of algolization in rice farming in Osh oblast and the need for further research to identify the most effective algal species and develop optimal methods of their application.
文摘Under conditions of increased pollution of water resources,the search for effective and environmentally safe methods of wastewater treatment becomes an urgent task.As noted by many researchers Lemna minor L.and Azolla caroliniana have great potential for biological treatment of wastewater.The present study is devoted to the biological treatment of municipal wastewater of Osh city(Kyrgyzstan)using aquatic plants Lemna minor L.and Azolla caroliniana Willd.Experiments were conducted in concrete basins of treatment facilities.The area of each pool was 1 m^(2),depth 30–45 cm.The temperature of nutrient media ranged from 20 to 35℃,pH from 6.1 to 8.7,and light intensity from 284 to 360 W/m^(2)FAR.The results showed that the cultivation of Lemna minor resulted in the oxygenation of wastewater and,a significant reduction of pollutants and pathogens.At the same time,the use of Azolla caroliniana provided a significant improvement in the physicochemical characteristics of water-reduction of BOD_(5)to 4.3 mgO_(2)/L,disappearance of all forms of nitrogen,as well as improvement of transparency and elimination of unpleasant odor.Thus,both plants showed high potential as biological treatment agents.The obtained data confirm the prospect of their application for a sustainable water treatment system in the conditions of southern regions of Kyrgyzstan.
文摘Background: The Occupational Safety and Health Council(OSHC) is committed to improve the safety performance of the high risk construction industry.In the past three years,about 40% of the fatal accidents in the construction industry were related to Renovation,Maintenance,Alteration and Addition(RMAA).Due to the poor safety record,some of the RMAA contractors have difficulty in obtaining the Employees' Compensation Insurance(ECI) cover in the market,or if they could obtain the ECI,the premium rate would be exceedingly high.In view of this,the OSHC,the Labour Department jointly launched"OSH Star Enterprise-Pilot Scheme on Safety Accreditation for the RMAA Industry",which prompts the industry to take practicable safety measures to improve the safety of working environment and reduce occupational injuries.The program also helps the stakeholders and insurers to identify safety-conscious contractors and thereby provide them with a favourable premium rate under the Employees' Compensation Insurance Residual Scheme(ECIRS).Objectives: The OSHC launches the Pilot Scheme to improve the safety performance of the RMAA industry through providing safety training,subsidizing enterprise to purchase safety equipment and providing safety audit.We also use financial incentive to encourage RMAA enterprises to join the Pilot Scheme-for those who are accredited as "OSH Star Enterprise"could receive a premium discount from the ERIRS when obtaining the ECI.The scheme also differentiates those safety-conscious and law-abiding enterprises from the poor performers,which helps the industry and public identifying the RMAA contractors who pay attention to work safety.Methods: The Pilot Scheme targets RMAA enterprises that employ less than 50 employees in Hong Kong.A three-pronged approach is used to improve the safety performance of the RMAA industry: the Pilot Scheme provides(1) financial support for the RMAA contractors to buy a transportable temporary anchor device and full body safety harness and its anchor system;(2) safety training on RMAA work safety and safety & health supervisor course;and(3) safety audit.Results: Enterprises that successfully pass the safety audit and satisfied the Scheme requirements will be accredited as"OSH Star Enterprise",which will be valid for two years.These enterprises can also be upgraded to"OSH Gold Star Enterprise"based on their continuous improvement in safety performance.OSHC will set up a register of OSH-accredited enterprises in RMAA works for reference of the public to facilitate their choosing of accredited contractors.The Employees' Compensation Insurance Residual Scheme Bureau will provide privileged premium rate for enterprises with OSH accreditation."OSH Star Enterprise"could enjoy 40% discounts when joining their insurance scheme.For example,a skilled worker's annual premium can be reduced by about HK $ 36,000.While,the "OSH Gold Star Enterprise"could enjoy 50% discounts when joining their insurance scheme,which means a skilled worker's annual premium can be reduced up to HK $ 45,000.Achievements: This Pilot Scheme offers practical assistance as well as attractive financial incentives for the RMAA industry to improve their safety performance.The Employees'Compensation Insurance Residual Scheme provides premium discounts for enterprises that have a good safety record.It provides incentive for RMAA contractors to actively participate in the Pilot Scheme.The Scheme demonstrates that by providing a safe working environment and appropriate personal protective equipment to workers,the enterprise not only helps to reduce the accident rate of the industry but also receive an economic return.The Pilot Scheme bridges stakeholders of RMAA industry,the government and the insurance industry creating an "all-win"situation.This partnership approach to prevent injuries and accidents in the construction industry could be an effective model for other industries.
