The minimal widths of three bounded subsets of the unit sphere associated to a unit vector in a normed linear space are studied,and three related geometric constants are introduced.New characterizations of inner produ...The minimal widths of three bounded subsets of the unit sphere associated to a unit vector in a normed linear space are studied,and three related geometric constants are introduced.New characterizations of inner product spaces are also presented.From the perspective of minimal width,strongε-symmetry of Birkhoff orthogonality is introduced,and its relation toε-symmetry of Birkhoff orthogonality is shown.Unlike most of the existing parameters of the underlying space,these new constants are full dimensional in nature.展开更多
[Objectives]To optimize the optimal extraction process of Qingdu Jianpi Mixture.[Methods]Taking water addition ratio,extraction time and extraction times as process investigation factors,psoralen content,astilbin cont...[Objectives]To optimize the optimal extraction process of Qingdu Jianpi Mixture.[Methods]Taking water addition ratio,extraction time and extraction times as process investigation factors,psoralen content,astilbin content and dry extract yield as evaluation indicators,the main influencing factors and level range of the extraction process of Qingdu Jianpi Mixture were determined on the basis of single factor test method,and the optimal weight coefficient was screened by AHP-entropy method mixed with weighting method.Combined with L_(9)(3^(4))orthogonal experiment,the best extraction process was obtained.At the same time,thin-layer chromatographic identification was used to identify Ficus simplicissima Lour.and Smilax glabra Roxb.in the medicinal liquid.[Results]The best extraction process:add 1:12 water to the prescription decoction pieces,extract under reflux for 2 times,1.5 h per time,and combine the filtrate to 250 mL.Thin layer chromatography analysis showed that the spots of Ficus simplicissima Lour.and Smilax glabra Roxb.in the medicinal solution were the same as those of reference substances at the corresponding positions,and the negative control had no interference.[Conclusions]The experimental method is reasonable and feasible,and the process is reliable,which can provide experimental reference for the subsequent application of in-hospital preparations and research and development of Qingdu Jianpi Mixture.展开更多
Recent advancements in computational and database technologies have led to the exponential growth of large-scale medical datasets,significantly increasing data complexity and dimensionality in medical diagnostics.Effi...Recent advancements in computational and database technologies have led to the exponential growth of large-scale medical datasets,significantly increasing data complexity and dimensionality in medical diagnostics.Efficient feature selection methods are critical for improving diagnostic accuracy,reducing computational costs,and enhancing the interpretability of predictive models.Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO),a widely used metaheuristic inspired by swarm intelligence,has shown considerable promise in feature selection tasks.However,conventional PSO often suffers from premature convergence and limited exploration capabilities,particularly in high-dimensional spaces.To overcome these limitations,this study proposes an enhanced PSO framework incorporating Orthogonal Initializa-tion and a Crossover Operator(OrPSOC).Orthogonal Initialization ensures a diverse and uniformly distributed initial particle population,substantially improving the algorithm’s exploration capability.The Crossover Operator,inspired by genetic algorithms,introduces additional diversity during the search process,effectively mitigating premature convergence and enhancing global search performance.The effectiveness of OrPSOC was rigorously evaluated on three benchmark medical datasets—Colon,Leukemia,and Prostate Tumor.Comparative analyses were conducted against traditional filter-based methods,including Fast Clustering-Based Feature Selection Technique(Fast-C),Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance(MinRedMaxRel),and Five-Way Joint Mutual Information(FJMI),as well as prominent metaheuristic algorithms such as standard PSO,Ant Colony Optimization(ACO),Comprehensive Learning Gravitational Search Algorithm(CLGSA),and Fuzzy-Based CLGSA(FCLGSA).Experimental results demonstrated that OrPSOC consistently outperformed these existing methods in terms of classification accuracy,computational efficiency,and result stability,achieving significant improvements even with fewer selected features.Additionally,a sensitivity analysis of the crossover parameter provided valuable insights into parameter tuning and its impact on model performance.These findings highlight the superiority and robustness of the proposed OrPSOC approach for feature selection in medical diagnostic applications and underscore its potential for broader adoption in various high-dimensional,data-driven fields.展开更多
Triaxial tests,a staple in rock engineering,are labor-intensive,sample-demanding,and costly,making their optimization highly advantageous.These tests are essential for characterizing rock strength,and by adopting a fa...Triaxial tests,a staple in rock engineering,are labor-intensive,sample-demanding,and costly,making their optimization highly advantageous.These tests are essential for characterizing rock strength,and by adopting a failure criterion,they allow for the derivation of criterion parameters through regression,facilitating their integration into modeling programs.In this study,we introduce the application of an underutilized statistical technique—orthogonal regression—well-suited for analyzing triaxial test data.Additionally,we present an innovation in this technique by minimizing the Euclidean distance while incorporating orthogonality between vectors as a constraint,for the case of orthogonal linear regression.Also,we consider the Modified Least Squares method.We exemplify this approach by developing the necessary equations to apply the Mohr-Coulomb,Murrell,Hoek-Brown,andÚcar criteria,and implement these equations in both spreadsheet calculations and R scripts.Finally,we demonstrate the technique's application using five datasets of varied lithologies from specialized literature,showcasing its versatility and effectiveness.展开更多
The parameters of facial skin on human body were measured by Visia-CR,and the weight coefficients of each evaluation index were clarified by the analytic hierarchy process,thus the comprehensive score was calculated.T...The parameters of facial skin on human body were measured by Visia-CR,and the weight coefficients of each evaluation index were clarified by the analytic hierarchy process,thus the comprehensive score was calculated.The influence of four film-forming agents on the comprehensive score at different quality fractions was examined by single factor experiment to determine the level of each factor.In addition,the optimal proportion of the four film-forming agents was selected by combining multi-indicator comprehensive scoring method and orthogonal experiment.The results show that the best combination of the four film-forming agents in the 8 h wear test is A_(2)B_(2)C_(2)D_(1),and the quality fractions of each component are 2%of trimethylsiloxy silicate,1%of polydimethylsiloxane,2%of(acrylate(ester)/poly(dimethylsiloxane)copolymer,cyclopentasiloxane)and 0.5%of VP/hexadecene copolymer.展开更多
Acoustic waves in the pseudo-triaxial experiment system experience refraction phenomena.The conventional assumption that acoustic waves propagate along a straight line in traditional methods can lead to significant er...Acoustic waves in the pseudo-triaxial experiment system experience refraction phenomena.The conventional assumption that acoustic waves propagate along a straight line in traditional methods can lead to significant errors in localization results.To the end,this paper presents a method for locating acoustic emission(AE)sources in pseudo-triaxial experiments using shortest paths and orthogonal constraints.The approach consists of three main steps:(1)establishing control equations for refraction paths from AE sources to sensor locations;(2)calculating refraction point locations using the shortest travel principle and orthogonal constraints;(3)determining source coordinates using Taylor's first-order expansion.The results from laboratory AE experiments demonstrate that the average localization accuracy of the new method is only 6.5 mm,which is 66%more precise than the accuracy(19.4 mm)of the traditional method.Furthermore,simulation results indicate that the new method is not affected by the refraction ratio of the media and maintains the highest positioning accuracy across various arrival and velocity errors.展开更多
The initial stresses widely exist in elastic materials.While achieving a continuum stress-free configuration through compatible unloading is desirable,mechanical unloading alone frequently proves insufficient,posing c...The initial stresses widely exist in elastic materials.While achieving a continuum stress-free configuration through compatible unloading is desirable,mechanical unloading alone frequently proves insufficient,posing challenges in avoiding virtual stress-free configurations.In this paper,we introduce a novel concept of equivalent temperature variation to counteract the incompatible initial strain.Our focus is on initially stressed cylindrical and spherical elastomers,where we first derive the Saint-Venant,Beltrami-Michell,and Volterra integral conditions in orthogonal curvilinear coordinates using the exterior differential form theory.It is shown that for any given axially or spherically distributed initial stress,an equivalent temperature variation always exists.Furthermore,we propose two innovative initial stress forms based on the steady-state heat conduction.By introducing an equivalent temperature variation,the initial stress can be released through a compatible thermo-mechanical unloading process,offering valuable insights into the constitutive theory of initially stressed elastic materials.展开更多
In conventional fi nite diff erence numerical simulation of seismic waves,regular grids in Cartesian coordinates are used to divide the calculated region.When simulating seismic wave fi elds under an irregular surface...In conventional fi nite diff erence numerical simulation of seismic waves,regular grids in Cartesian coordinates are used to divide the calculated region.When simulating seismic wave fi elds under an irregular surface,such grids are unsuitable to realize the free boundary condition.They also easily generate false scattered waves at the corners of the grids owing to the approximation of the stepped grids.These issues affect the simulation accuracy.This study introduces an orthogonal body-fitted grid generation technique in computational fl uid dynamics for generating grids in transversely isotropic(TI)media under an irregular surface.The fi rst-order velocity-stress equation in curvilinear coordinates is calculated using the optimized nonstaggered grids finite difference method.The point oscillation generated by the nonstaggered grids difference is eliminated by selective filtering.The orthogonal body-fitted grids can accurately describe the irregular surface.Further,the orthogonality of the grids allows the implementation of free boundary conditions without complicated coordinate transformation and interpolation operations.Numerical examples show that the numerical solutions obtained by this method agree well with the analytical solutions.By comparing the simulation results of the proposed method with those of the regular grid difference method,the proposed method can eff ectively eliminate the false scattered waves caused by the stepped grids under the condition of the same grid spacing.Thus,the accuracy of the numerical simulation is improved.In addition,the simulation results of the three-layer TI media model on an irregular surface show that the proposed method is also suitable for complex models.展开更多
In neurosurgery procedures,cerebrospinal fluid leakage is a commonly encountered complication.Re-constructing skull base defects with patch materials can reduce the risk of cerebrospinal fluid leakage which can lead t...In neurosurgery procedures,cerebrospinal fluid leakage is a commonly encountered complication.Re-constructing skull base defects with patch materials can reduce the risk of cerebrospinal fluid leakage which can lead to serious issues such as infection,meningitis,arachnoiditis,and delayed wound healing.An ideal skull base reconstruction material should not only serve as a leak-proof barrier but also pro-mote skull base bone regeneration.To fulfill this challenge,this research designed and fabricated a Janus orthogonal bilayer nanofiber membrane(OPCL/PG-PCPP).The aligned PCL(APCL)nanofibers were con-stituted as the top layer to resist cerebrospinal fluid leakage,while the perpendicular PCL/gelatin(APG)fibers with calcium polyphosphate encapsulated polydopamine nanoparticles(CPP@PDA,labeled as PCPP)were designed as the bottom layer(APG-PCPP)to facilitate osteoblast migration and osteogenic differen-tiation.Among these,APG-1%PCPP nanofibers demonstrated the most effective induction of osteogenic differentiation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(rBMSCs).Subsequent in vivo animal experi-ments revealed that the bone surface area(BS),bone volume fraction(BV/TV),and number of trabec-ulae(Tb.N)in the APG-1%PCPP group were twice as high as those in the control group,which confirmed the good osteogenic potentials.Therefore,due to its unique leak-proof and osteoinductive properties,the OPCL/PG-PCPP membrane holds promise as an applicable skull base reconstruction material in the field of neurosurgery.展开更多
This paper demonstrates that the spatial distribution of the ionospheric TEC over the Indian region can be reconstructed with appreciable accuracy using minimal numbers of empirical orthogonal functions as a basis.The...This paper demonstrates that the spatial distribution of the ionospheric TEC over the Indian region can be reconstructed with appreciable accuracy using minimal numbers of empirical orthogonal functions as a basis.These basis functions were derived using the Singular Value Decomposition of a matrix composed of pragmatic vertical Total Electron Content(VTEC)values collected across varied ionospheric conditions and measured over the region of interest.The reconstruction was achieved by linearly combining the appropriately chosen significant bases with corresponding weight factors.The reconstruction accuracy of the algorithm was found to be better than 4 TECU(TECU=1016electrons/m2)for more than 99.9%of the time when tested over the complete year of 2016 with only eight basis vectors.The containment factor,defined here,indicates the goodness of the chosen bases in representing the arbitrary VTEC distributions and is found to remain typically high,aiding in improved algorithm performance.The performance,however,was found to be sensitive to the seasons and geomagnetic conditions.Deteriorated performance was observed when tested for the St.Patrick's Day storm data.The deterioration was attributed to the structural alteration of the ionospheric plasma density and the presence of atypical modes during the storm.The results ascertain the prospect of a faithful representation of the spatial distribution of the ionospheric VTEC using limited parametric variables,which may find utility in navigation,radar,and various other applications.展开更多
A novel gappy technology, gappy autoencoder with proper orthogonal decomposition(Gappy POD-AE), is proposed for reconstructing physical fields from sparse data. High-dimensional data are reduced via proper orthogonal ...A novel gappy technology, gappy autoencoder with proper orthogonal decomposition(Gappy POD-AE), is proposed for reconstructing physical fields from sparse data. High-dimensional data are reduced via proper orthogonal decomposition(POD),and low-dimensional data are used to train an autoencoder(AE). By integrating the POD operator with the decoder, a nonlinear solution form is established and incorporated into a new maximum-a-posteriori(MAP)-based objective for online reconstruction.The numerical results on the two-dimensional(2D) Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook-Boltzmann(BGK-Boltzmann) equation, wave equation, shallow-water equation, and satellite data show that Gappy POD-AE achieves higher accuracy than gappy proper orthogonal decomposition(Gappy POD), especially for the data with slowly decaying singular values,and is more efficient in training than gappy autoencoder(Gappy AE). The MAP-based formulation and new gappy procedure further enhance the reconstruction accuracy.展开更多
To investigate the impact of guide vane geometry—specifically,outlet angle,blade count,and radial height—on the performance of a Pump as Turbine(PAT),radial guide vanes were introduced upstream of the impeller in an...To investigate the impact of guide vane geometry—specifically,outlet angle,blade count,and radial height—on the performance of a Pump as Turbine(PAT),radial guide vanes were introduced upstream of the impeller in an IS80-50-315 low-specific-speed centrifugal PAT.Using an orthogonal test design,numerical simulations were conducted on 16 different PAT configurations,and the influence of vane geometry on performance was analyzed through a range analysis to determine the optimal parameter combinations.The results indicate that the number of guide vane blades significantly affects both the hydraulic efficiency and water head of the PAT under optimal operating conditions.Notably,the hydraulic efficiency of Configuration No.1(featuring five guide vane blades,a 6°outlet angle,and a 46 mm radial height)is 4.31%higher than that of Configuration No.13(with the same blade count but a 9°outlet angle and a 52 mm radial height).Additionally,Configuration No.1 exhibits lower turbulence kinetic energy dissipation and reduced blade loading.Furthermore,the study reveals that a smaller guide vane outlet angle and reduced radial height contribute to improved operational stability.展开更多
Ethylene glycol oxidation reaction(EGOR)is important to address the environmental issues caused by the increased production of polyethylene terephthalate(PET).Metal organic frameworks(MOFs)with superior stability,high...Ethylene glycol oxidation reaction(EGOR)is important to address the environmental issues caused by the increased production of polyethylene terephthalate(PET).Metal organic frameworks(MOFs)with superior stability,high specific surface area and excellent catalytic performance can convert PET into valuable products through EGOR and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Herein,a microbial template strategy was adopted to prepare carbon sphere-supported orthogonal nanosheet bimetallic MOF catalysts.The prepared catalyst needs only 1.42 V,307 mV,and 1.83 V at a current density of 100 mA cm^(-2) for EGOR,HER,and EGOR//HER,respectively.More importantly,it can stably perform for at least 160 h at a current density of 500 mA cm^(-2).The high specific surface area of bimetallic MOF and the synergistic effect of yeast carbon shell increase the contact area between the intrinsic active sites and*OH and EG,thus improving the EGOR and HER catalytic activity and stability.This work provides a novel strategy to construct bimetallic orthogonal electrocatalysts with efficient HER//EGOR performance,which is of great significance for achieving sustainable energy conversion and environmental purification.展开更多
In this paper,we introduce a new geometric constant R_(X)(κ)based on isosceles orthogonality.First,we explore some basic properties of this new constant and then provide several examples to estimate its exact values ...In this paper,we introduce a new geometric constant R_(X)(κ)based on isosceles orthogonality.First,we explore some basic properties of this new constant and then provide several examples to estimate its exact values in certain specific Banach spaces.Next,we investigate the relationships between this new constant and other classical constants.Specifically,we establish an inequality relationship between it and the J(X)constant,as well as an identity relationship between it and theρX(t)constant.Furthermore,we characterize some geometric properties of Banach spaces by means of this new constant.Finally,by restricting the above-mentioned constant to the unit sphere,we introduce another new constant,calculate its upper and lower bounds,and present a relevant example.展开更多
Firstly, in the general normed linear space, the concepts of generalized isosceles orthogonal group, generalized Birkhoff orthogonal group, generalized Roberts orthogonal group, strong Birkhoff orthogonal group and ge...Firstly, in the general normed linear space, the concepts of generalized isosceles orthogonal group, generalized Birkhoff orthogonal group, generalized Roberts orthogonal group, strong Birkhoff orthogonal group and generalized orthogonal basis are introduced. Secondly, the conclusion that any two nonzero generalized orthogonal groups must be linearly independent group is proven. And the existence of nonzero generalized orthogonal group and its linear correlation are discussed preliminarily, as well as some related properties of nonempty generalized orthogonal group in specific normed linear space namely the <em>l<sub>p</sub></em> space.展开更多
[Objective] This study was to screen the economic or stable PCR system of rice and detect the generality of the selected system in different molecular markers based on PCR.[Method] With DNA extracted from rice leaves ...[Objective] This study was to screen the economic or stable PCR system of rice and detect the generality of the selected system in different molecular markers based on PCR.[Method] With DNA extracted from rice leaves by CTAB method as the template,PCR system was optimized by L16(45)orthogonal design.[Result] Clear bands were amplified from 16 different combinations,but the amplification effects and yields had difference.The most economic and applicable system was as follows:20 ng DNA template,150 μmol/L dNT...展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to optimize the technical procedure of SRAP-PCR in Triticum aestivum L. [Method] The orthogonal design L16（45） was used to optimize SRAP-PCR amplification system of wheat Fengyou 68 on five f...[Objective] The aim was to optimize the technical procedure of SRAP-PCR in Triticum aestivum L. [Method] The orthogonal design L16（45） was used to optimize SRAP-PCR amplification system of wheat Fengyou 68 on five factors （Taq polymerase,Mg2＋,DNA template,dNTPs and primer） at four levels. [Result] Effects of the five factors on SRAP-PCR reaction system were Mg2＋Taq polymerasedNTPsDNA templateprimer. Finally,an optimal SRAP-PCR system was established,that was the total 20 μl reaction system containing 2.0 μl 10×PCR Buffer,2.0 U Taq polymerase,2.0 mmol/L Mg2＋,0.2 mmol/L dNTPs,40 ng DNA template and 0.6 μmol/L primer. [Conclusion] The optimum SRAP-PCR system had provided some technical foundations to conduct SRAP genetic analysis for wheat varieties.展开更多
Piezoelectric composite material (PCM) is an important branch of modernsensor and actuator materials with wide applications in smart structures. In this paper, based onpiezoelectric ceramic, composite and experimental...Piezoelectric composite material (PCM) is an important branch of modernsensor and actuator materials with wide applications in smart structures. In this paper, based onpiezoelectric ceramic, composite and experimental mechanics theories, a kind of 1-3 orthogonalanisotropic PCM (OAPCM) sensor is developed, and the sensing principle is analyzed to describesensor behaviors. In order to determine strain and stress on isotropic or orthogonal anisotropiccomponent surface, the relationships between strain and stress are established. The experimentalresearch on 1-3 OAPCM sensor is carried out in uniaxial and biaxial stress states. The results showthat 1-3 OAPCM sensors offer orthotropic properties of piezoelectricity, and sensing equations canbe used for strain or stress measurement with good accuracy.展开更多
A quadratic bilevel programming problem is transformed into a single level complementarity slackness problem by applying Karush-Kuhn-Tucker（KKT） conditions.To cope with the complementarity constraints,a binary encod...A quadratic bilevel programming problem is transformed into a single level complementarity slackness problem by applying Karush-Kuhn-Tucker（KKT） conditions.To cope with the complementarity constraints,a binary encoding scheme is adopted for KKT multipliers,and then the complementarity slackness problem is simplified to successive quadratic programming problems,which can be solved by many algorithms available.Based on 0-1 binary encoding,an orthogonal genetic algorithm,in which the orthogonal experimental design with both two-level orthogonal array and factor analysis is used as crossover operator,is proposed.Numerical experiments on 10 benchmark examples show that the orthogonal genetic algorithm can find global optimal solutions of quadratic bilevel programming problems with high accuracy in a small number of iterations.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12071444,12201581)the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province of China(202103021223191).
文摘The minimal widths of three bounded subsets of the unit sphere associated to a unit vector in a normed linear space are studied,and three related geometric constants are introduced.New characterizations of inner product spaces are also presented.From the perspective of minimal width,strongε-symmetry of Birkhoff orthogonality is introduced,and its relation toε-symmetry of Birkhoff orthogonality is shown.Unlike most of the existing parameters of the underlying space,these new constants are full dimensional in nature.
基金Supported by Huang Ruisong's National Famous Old Traditional Chinese Medicine Expert Inheritance Studio Construction Project[GuoZhongYiYaoRenJiaoHan(2022)75]Hospital Pharmacy Research Project of Guangxi Pharmaceutical Association(GXYXH-202404)+4 种基金2024 Youth Science Fund Project of International Zhuang Medical Hospital(2024GZYJKT005)High-level Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Discipline Construction Project of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(ZYYZDXK-2023165)National Old Pharmaceutical Workers Inheritance Studio Construction Project of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine[GuoZhongYiYaoRenJiaoHan(2024)255]Talent Cultivation Project-"Young Crop Project"of International Zhuang Medical Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine(2022001)Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Multidisciplinary Innovation Team Project(GZKJ2309).
文摘[Objectives]To optimize the optimal extraction process of Qingdu Jianpi Mixture.[Methods]Taking water addition ratio,extraction time and extraction times as process investigation factors,psoralen content,astilbin content and dry extract yield as evaluation indicators,the main influencing factors and level range of the extraction process of Qingdu Jianpi Mixture were determined on the basis of single factor test method,and the optimal weight coefficient was screened by AHP-entropy method mixed with weighting method.Combined with L_(9)(3^(4))orthogonal experiment,the best extraction process was obtained.At the same time,thin-layer chromatographic identification was used to identify Ficus simplicissima Lour.and Smilax glabra Roxb.in the medicinal liquid.[Results]The best extraction process:add 1:12 water to the prescription decoction pieces,extract under reflux for 2 times,1.5 h per time,and combine the filtrate to 250 mL.Thin layer chromatography analysis showed that the spots of Ficus simplicissima Lour.and Smilax glabra Roxb.in the medicinal solution were the same as those of reference substances at the corresponding positions,and the negative control had no interference.[Conclusions]The experimental method is reasonable and feasible,and the process is reliable,which can provide experimental reference for the subsequent application of in-hospital preparations and research and development of Qingdu Jianpi Mixture.
文摘Recent advancements in computational and database technologies have led to the exponential growth of large-scale medical datasets,significantly increasing data complexity and dimensionality in medical diagnostics.Efficient feature selection methods are critical for improving diagnostic accuracy,reducing computational costs,and enhancing the interpretability of predictive models.Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO),a widely used metaheuristic inspired by swarm intelligence,has shown considerable promise in feature selection tasks.However,conventional PSO often suffers from premature convergence and limited exploration capabilities,particularly in high-dimensional spaces.To overcome these limitations,this study proposes an enhanced PSO framework incorporating Orthogonal Initializa-tion and a Crossover Operator(OrPSOC).Orthogonal Initialization ensures a diverse and uniformly distributed initial particle population,substantially improving the algorithm’s exploration capability.The Crossover Operator,inspired by genetic algorithms,introduces additional diversity during the search process,effectively mitigating premature convergence and enhancing global search performance.The effectiveness of OrPSOC was rigorously evaluated on three benchmark medical datasets—Colon,Leukemia,and Prostate Tumor.Comparative analyses were conducted against traditional filter-based methods,including Fast Clustering-Based Feature Selection Technique(Fast-C),Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance(MinRedMaxRel),and Five-Way Joint Mutual Information(FJMI),as well as prominent metaheuristic algorithms such as standard PSO,Ant Colony Optimization(ACO),Comprehensive Learning Gravitational Search Algorithm(CLGSA),and Fuzzy-Based CLGSA(FCLGSA).Experimental results demonstrated that OrPSOC consistently outperformed these existing methods in terms of classification accuracy,computational efficiency,and result stability,achieving significant improvements even with fewer selected features.Additionally,a sensitivity analysis of the crossover parameter provided valuable insights into parameter tuning and its impact on model performance.These findings highlight the superiority and robustness of the proposed OrPSOC approach for feature selection in medical diagnostic applications and underscore its potential for broader adoption in various high-dimensional,data-driven fields.
文摘Triaxial tests,a staple in rock engineering,are labor-intensive,sample-demanding,and costly,making their optimization highly advantageous.These tests are essential for characterizing rock strength,and by adopting a failure criterion,they allow for the derivation of criterion parameters through regression,facilitating their integration into modeling programs.In this study,we introduce the application of an underutilized statistical technique—orthogonal regression—well-suited for analyzing triaxial test data.Additionally,we present an innovation in this technique by minimizing the Euclidean distance while incorporating orthogonality between vectors as a constraint,for the case of orthogonal linear regression.Also,we consider the Modified Least Squares method.We exemplify this approach by developing the necessary equations to apply the Mohr-Coulomb,Murrell,Hoek-Brown,andÚcar criteria,and implement these equations in both spreadsheet calculations and R scripts.Finally,we demonstrate the technique's application using five datasets of varied lithologies from specialized literature,showcasing its versatility and effectiveness.
文摘The parameters of facial skin on human body were measured by Visia-CR,and the weight coefficients of each evaluation index were clarified by the analytic hierarchy process,thus the comprehensive score was calculated.The influence of four film-forming agents on the comprehensive score at different quality fractions was examined by single factor experiment to determine the level of each factor.In addition,the optimal proportion of the four film-forming agents was selected by combining multi-indicator comprehensive scoring method and orthogonal experiment.The results show that the best combination of the four film-forming agents in the 8 h wear test is A_(2)B_(2)C_(2)D_(1),and the quality fractions of each component are 2%of trimethylsiloxy silicate,1%of polydimethylsiloxane,2%of(acrylate(ester)/poly(dimethylsiloxane)copolymer,cyclopentasiloxane)and 0.5%of VP/hexadecene copolymer.
基金the financial support provided by the National Key Research and Development Program for Young Scientists(Grant No.2021YFC2900400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52304123)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2023M730412).
文摘Acoustic waves in the pseudo-triaxial experiment system experience refraction phenomena.The conventional assumption that acoustic waves propagate along a straight line in traditional methods can lead to significant errors in localization results.To the end,this paper presents a method for locating acoustic emission(AE)sources in pseudo-triaxial experiments using shortest paths and orthogonal constraints.The approach consists of three main steps:(1)establishing control equations for refraction paths from AE sources to sensor locations;(2)calculating refraction point locations using the shortest travel principle and orthogonal constraints;(3)determining source coordinates using Taylor's first-order expansion.The results from laboratory AE experiments demonstrate that the average localization accuracy of the new method is only 6.5 mm,which is 66%more precise than the accuracy(19.4 mm)of the traditional method.Furthermore,simulation results indicate that the new method is not affected by the refraction ratio of the media and maintains the highest positioning accuracy across various arrival and velocity errors.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12241205 and 12032019)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFA1203200)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Nos.XDB0620101 and XDB0620103)。
文摘The initial stresses widely exist in elastic materials.While achieving a continuum stress-free configuration through compatible unloading is desirable,mechanical unloading alone frequently proves insufficient,posing challenges in avoiding virtual stress-free configurations.In this paper,we introduce a novel concept of equivalent temperature variation to counteract the incompatible initial strain.Our focus is on initially stressed cylindrical and spherical elastomers,where we first derive the Saint-Venant,Beltrami-Michell,and Volterra integral conditions in orthogonal curvilinear coordinates using the exterior differential form theory.It is shown that for any given axially or spherically distributed initial stress,an equivalent temperature variation always exists.Furthermore,we propose two innovative initial stress forms based on the steady-state heat conduction.By introducing an equivalent temperature variation,the initial stress can be released through a compatible thermo-mechanical unloading process,offering valuable insights into the constitutive theory of initially stressed elastic materials.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2023YFC3206501 and 2022YFFO802600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.52369003,42262010 and 42374166)+6 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China (Grant No.2023LHMS04011 and2022MS04009)the Application Technology Research and Development Project of Jungar Banner (Grant No.2023YY-18 and 2023YY-19)the First-class Academic Subjects Special Research Project of the Education Department of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (Grant No.YLXKZX-NND-010)the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Science and Technology Leading Talent Team (Grant No.2022LJRC0007)the Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Basic Research Project(BR22-12-04)the Program for Innovative Research Team in Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (Grant No.NMGIRT2313)the Basic Scientific Research Project of Institutions of Higher(Grant No.JY20230090)。
文摘In conventional fi nite diff erence numerical simulation of seismic waves,regular grids in Cartesian coordinates are used to divide the calculated region.When simulating seismic wave fi elds under an irregular surface,such grids are unsuitable to realize the free boundary condition.They also easily generate false scattered waves at the corners of the grids owing to the approximation of the stepped grids.These issues affect the simulation accuracy.This study introduces an orthogonal body-fitted grid generation technique in computational fl uid dynamics for generating grids in transversely isotropic(TI)media under an irregular surface.The fi rst-order velocity-stress equation in curvilinear coordinates is calculated using the optimized nonstaggered grids finite difference method.The point oscillation generated by the nonstaggered grids difference is eliminated by selective filtering.The orthogonal body-fitted grids can accurately describe the irregular surface.Further,the orthogonality of the grids allows the implementation of free boundary conditions without complicated coordinate transformation and interpolation operations.Numerical examples show that the numerical solutions obtained by this method agree well with the analytical solutions.By comparing the simulation results of the proposed method with those of the regular grid difference method,the proposed method can eff ectively eliminate the false scattered waves caused by the stepped grids under the condition of the same grid spacing.Thus,the accuracy of the numerical simulation is improved.In addition,the simulation results of the three-layer TI media model on an irregular surface show that the proposed method is also suitable for complex models.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC2412300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82025025,U23A6008,U22A20162,and U21A2055)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foun-dation of Hebei Province of China(No.H2022202007)the Full-time Talents Program of Hebei Province of China(No.2020HBQZYC012)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin of China(Nos.21JCYBJC01380 and 21JCZDJC01110)the Scientific Research Project of Tianjin Education Commission(No.2022KJ096).
文摘In neurosurgery procedures,cerebrospinal fluid leakage is a commonly encountered complication.Re-constructing skull base defects with patch materials can reduce the risk of cerebrospinal fluid leakage which can lead to serious issues such as infection,meningitis,arachnoiditis,and delayed wound healing.An ideal skull base reconstruction material should not only serve as a leak-proof barrier but also pro-mote skull base bone regeneration.To fulfill this challenge,this research designed and fabricated a Janus orthogonal bilayer nanofiber membrane(OPCL/PG-PCPP).The aligned PCL(APCL)nanofibers were con-stituted as the top layer to resist cerebrospinal fluid leakage,while the perpendicular PCL/gelatin(APG)fibers with calcium polyphosphate encapsulated polydopamine nanoparticles(CPP@PDA,labeled as PCPP)were designed as the bottom layer(APG-PCPP)to facilitate osteoblast migration and osteogenic differen-tiation.Among these,APG-1%PCPP nanofibers demonstrated the most effective induction of osteogenic differentiation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(rBMSCs).Subsequent in vivo animal experi-ments revealed that the bone surface area(BS),bone volume fraction(BV/TV),and number of trabec-ulae(Tb.N)in the APG-1%PCPP group were twice as high as those in the control group,which confirmed the good osteogenic potentials.Therefore,due to its unique leak-proof and osteoinductive properties,the OPCL/PG-PCPP membrane holds promise as an applicable skull base reconstruction material in the field of neurosurgery.
文摘This paper demonstrates that the spatial distribution of the ionospheric TEC over the Indian region can be reconstructed with appreciable accuracy using minimal numbers of empirical orthogonal functions as a basis.These basis functions were derived using the Singular Value Decomposition of a matrix composed of pragmatic vertical Total Electron Content(VTEC)values collected across varied ionospheric conditions and measured over the region of interest.The reconstruction was achieved by linearly combining the appropriately chosen significant bases with corresponding weight factors.The reconstruction accuracy of the algorithm was found to be better than 4 TECU(TECU=1016electrons/m2)for more than 99.9%of the time when tested over the complete year of 2016 with only eight basis vectors.The containment factor,defined here,indicates the goodness of the chosen bases in representing the arbitrary VTEC distributions and is found to remain typically high,aiding in improved algorithm performance.The performance,however,was found to be sensitive to the seasons and geomagnetic conditions.Deteriorated performance was observed when tested for the St.Patrick's Day storm data.The deterioration was attributed to the structural alteration of the ionospheric plasma density and the presence of atypical modes during the storm.The results ascertain the prospect of a faithful representation of the spatial distribution of the ionospheric VTEC using limited parametric variables,which may find utility in navigation,radar,and various other applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12472197)。
文摘A novel gappy technology, gappy autoencoder with proper orthogonal decomposition(Gappy POD-AE), is proposed for reconstructing physical fields from sparse data. High-dimensional data are reduced via proper orthogonal decomposition(POD),and low-dimensional data are used to train an autoencoder(AE). By integrating the POD operator with the decoder, a nonlinear solution form is established and incorporated into a new maximum-a-posteriori(MAP)-based objective for online reconstruction.The numerical results on the two-dimensional(2D) Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook-Boltzmann(BGK-Boltzmann) equation, wave equation, shallow-water equation, and satellite data show that Gappy POD-AE achieves higher accuracy than gappy proper orthogonal decomposition(Gappy POD), especially for the data with slowly decaying singular values,and is more efficient in training than gappy autoencoder(Gappy AE). The MAP-based formulation and new gappy procedure further enhance the reconstruction accuracy.
基金support of the Innovation Fund for College Teachers of Department Education of Gansu(No.2024A-021)Colleges and Universities Industrial Support Program Projects of Gansu Province(Grant No.2020C-20)+1 种基金Key Laboratory of Fluid and Power Machinery,Ministry of Education,Xihua University(Grant Nos.szjj2019-016,LTDL2020-007)Key Research and Development Program of Gansu Province-Industrial Project(No.25YFGA021).
文摘To investigate the impact of guide vane geometry—specifically,outlet angle,blade count,and radial height—on the performance of a Pump as Turbine(PAT),radial guide vanes were introduced upstream of the impeller in an IS80-50-315 low-specific-speed centrifugal PAT.Using an orthogonal test design,numerical simulations were conducted on 16 different PAT configurations,and the influence of vane geometry on performance was analyzed through a range analysis to determine the optimal parameter combinations.The results indicate that the number of guide vane blades significantly affects both the hydraulic efficiency and water head of the PAT under optimal operating conditions.Notably,the hydraulic efficiency of Configuration No.1(featuring five guide vane blades,a 6°outlet angle,and a 46 mm radial height)is 4.31%higher than that of Configuration No.13(with the same blade count but a 9°outlet angle and a 52 mm radial height).Additionally,Configuration No.1 exhibits lower turbulence kinetic energy dissipation and reduced blade loading.Furthermore,the study reveals that a smaller guide vane outlet angle and reduced radial height contribute to improved operational stability.
基金the financial support of the Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials(202440704)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22102125)The financial support of the Open Research Fund(2024JYBKF06)of Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage,Ministry of Education is also acknowledged.
文摘Ethylene glycol oxidation reaction(EGOR)is important to address the environmental issues caused by the increased production of polyethylene terephthalate(PET).Metal organic frameworks(MOFs)with superior stability,high specific surface area and excellent catalytic performance can convert PET into valuable products through EGOR and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Herein,a microbial template strategy was adopted to prepare carbon sphere-supported orthogonal nanosheet bimetallic MOF catalysts.The prepared catalyst needs only 1.42 V,307 mV,and 1.83 V at a current density of 100 mA cm^(-2) for EGOR,HER,and EGOR//HER,respectively.More importantly,it can stably perform for at least 160 h at a current density of 500 mA cm^(-2).The high specific surface area of bimetallic MOF and the synergistic effect of yeast carbon shell increase the contact area between the intrinsic active sites and*OH and EG,thus improving the EGOR and HER catalytic activity and stability.This work provides a novel strategy to construct bimetallic orthogonal electrocatalysts with efficient HER//EGOR performance,which is of great significance for achieving sustainable energy conversion and environmental purification.
基金Supported by the Higher Education Science Research Project(Natural Science)of Anhui Province(Grant No.2023AH050487)。
文摘In this paper,we introduce a new geometric constant R_(X)(κ)based on isosceles orthogonality.First,we explore some basic properties of this new constant and then provide several examples to estimate its exact values in certain specific Banach spaces.Next,we investigate the relationships between this new constant and other classical constants.Specifically,we establish an inequality relationship between it and the J(X)constant,as well as an identity relationship between it and theρX(t)constant.Furthermore,we characterize some geometric properties of Banach spaces by means of this new constant.Finally,by restricting the above-mentioned constant to the unit sphere,we introduce another new constant,calculate its upper and lower bounds,and present a relevant example.
文摘Firstly, in the general normed linear space, the concepts of generalized isosceles orthogonal group, generalized Birkhoff orthogonal group, generalized Roberts orthogonal group, strong Birkhoff orthogonal group and generalized orthogonal basis are introduced. Secondly, the conclusion that any two nonzero generalized orthogonal groups must be linearly independent group is proven. And the existence of nonzero generalized orthogonal group and its linear correlation are discussed preliminarily, as well as some related properties of nonempty generalized orthogonal group in specific normed linear space namely the <em>l<sub>p</sub></em> space.
基金Supported by the Key Project from Department of Science and Technology of Heilongjiang Province(GA06B102-3-4)the Key Project from Heilongjiang Provincial Reclamation General Administration(HNKXIV-01-01-02)~~
文摘[Objective] This study was to screen the economic or stable PCR system of rice and detect the generality of the selected system in different molecular markers based on PCR.[Method] With DNA extracted from rice leaves by CTAB method as the template,PCR system was optimized by L16(45)orthogonal design.[Result] Clear bands were amplified from 16 different combinations,but the amplification effects and yields had difference.The most economic and applicable system was as follows:20 ng DNA template,150 μmol/L dNT...
基金Supported by National Key Technology Research and Development Program (2008FY110500-9)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to optimize the technical procedure of SRAP-PCR in Triticum aestivum L. [Method] The orthogonal design L16（45） was used to optimize SRAP-PCR amplification system of wheat Fengyou 68 on five factors （Taq polymerase,Mg2＋,DNA template,dNTPs and primer） at four levels. [Result] Effects of the five factors on SRAP-PCR reaction system were Mg2＋Taq polymerasedNTPsDNA templateprimer. Finally,an optimal SRAP-PCR system was established,that was the total 20 μl reaction system containing 2.0 μl 10×PCR Buffer,2.0 U Taq polymerase,2.0 mmol/L Mg2＋,0.2 mmol/L dNTPs,40 ng DNA template and 0.6 μmol/L primer. [Conclusion] The optimum SRAP-PCR system had provided some technical foundations to conduct SRAP genetic analysis for wheat varieties.
文摘Piezoelectric composite material (PCM) is an important branch of modernsensor and actuator materials with wide applications in smart structures. In this paper, based onpiezoelectric ceramic, composite and experimental mechanics theories, a kind of 1-3 orthogonalanisotropic PCM (OAPCM) sensor is developed, and the sensing principle is analyzed to describesensor behaviors. In order to determine strain and stress on isotropic or orthogonal anisotropiccomponent surface, the relationships between strain and stress are established. The experimentalresearch on 1-3 OAPCM sensor is carried out in uniaxial and biaxial stress states. The results showthat 1-3 OAPCM sensors offer orthotropic properties of piezoelectricity, and sensing equations canbe used for strain or stress measurement with good accuracy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60873099)
文摘A quadratic bilevel programming problem is transformed into a single level complementarity slackness problem by applying Karush-Kuhn-Tucker（KKT） conditions.To cope with the complementarity constraints,a binary encoding scheme is adopted for KKT multipliers,and then the complementarity slackness problem is simplified to successive quadratic programming problems,which can be solved by many algorithms available.Based on 0-1 binary encoding,an orthogonal genetic algorithm,in which the orthogonal experimental design with both two-level orthogonal array and factor analysis is used as crossover operator,is proposed.Numerical experiments on 10 benchmark examples show that the orthogonal genetic algorithm can find global optimal solutions of quadratic bilevel programming problems with high accuracy in a small number of iterations.
