Along with decrease of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))concentration in recent years in China,secondary species become increasingly important.This work focuses on characterizing secondary components,and a few importa...Along with decrease of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))concentration in recent years in China,secondary species become increasingly important.This work focuses on characterizing secondary components,and a few important groups of organics including organic nitrogen(ON),organonitrates(OrgN),organosulfates(OS)and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),via online measurement of submicron aerosols(PM_(1))in Nanjing,China,during 2022 summer.The average PM_(1) concentration was 15.39μg/m^(3),dominated by secondary components(69.1%),which were even more important at higher PM_(1) levels.The primary organic aerosols(POA)were from traffic,industry and cooking;the two secondary OA factors were both closely linked with photochemistry,with one(OOA1)being relatively fresh and important in early afternoon and another(OOA2)being aged and important in late afternoon.Sulfate formation was also governed by photochemistry but resembled that of OOA2 not OOA1;nitrate formation was associated strongly with heterogeneous hydrolysis and thermodynamic equilibrium.Results also reveal a possible photochemical reaction channel from POA to OOA1,then to OOA2.Case studies show that formations of secondary components responded differently to different weather conditions and governed summer PM_(1) pollution.The average ON,OrgN,OS and PAHs concentrations were determined to be 122.8,84.4,45.6 and 3.3 ng/m^(3),respectively.ON was dominated by primary sources(53.8%).OrgN varied similarly to nitrate.OS formation was linked with aqueous-phase reactions,which were insignificant therefore its level was low.PAHs was mainly from traffic,and photochemical oxidation might be its important sink during afternoon.展开更多
Organics exhibit close spatial,temporal,and genetic relationships with Mississippi Valley-Type(MVT)Pb-Zn deposits.Understanding its specific roles in ore formation is therefore crucial for advancing metallogenic predi...Organics exhibit close spatial,temporal,and genetic relationships with Mississippi Valley-Type(MVT)Pb-Zn deposits.Understanding its specific roles in ore formation is therefore crucial for advancing metallogenic prediction and exploration.This study focuses on the thermal evolution of organics in sedimentary basins and the key controlling effects of its products on MVT Pb-Zn mineralization.By systematically analyzing the thermal evolution history and thermal maturity characteristics of organics,it provides a new perspective for revealing the genetic mechanisms of Pb-Zn deposits and guiding exploration.Research demonstrates a significant coupling relationship between organics and MVT Pb-Zn deposits in spatial-temporal distribution and genetic mechanisms,with organics exhibiting different functional mechanisms at various stages of mineralization:During the activation-extraction stage of metallogenic materials,organic acids generated from the thermal evolution of organics possess strong complexation capabilities for metal elements like lead and zinc,effectively activating and extracting these elements from source rocks,thereby providing favorable conditions for initial enrichment.During the transport stage,oilfield brines,as important ore-forming fluids,likely serve as ideal carriers for the migration of metal elements such as lead and zinc.During the precipitation stage,organics primarily facilitate metal sulfide precipitation either by directly providing reduced sulfur or by acting as a reducing agent to reduce sulfate,thereby supplying reduced sulfur.Based on the coupling relationship between organics and mineralization,and leveraging interdisciplinary advantages from inorganic-organic geochemistry,economic geology,and tectonic geology,modern analytical techniques such as Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS)and artificial intelligence-assisted methods can be employed to precisely identify and quantitatively analyze biomarkers(e.g.,n-alkanes,isoprenoids,steranes,organic sulfur compounds)in organics like solid bitumen and organic inclusions.Their characteristic parameters can be used to trace the source of metallogenic materials,constrain the physicochemical conditions(e.g.,temperature,pressure)of the ore-forming fluids,delineate the mineralization process,and constrain the metallogenic epoch,thereby constructing a multi-stage comprehensive metallogenic model involving organics.Simultaneously,organic geochemical surveys can delineate organic geochemical anomalies(e.g.,methane,aromatic hydrocarbons)related to mineralization in rocks and soils,facilitating the construction of multi-scale,multi-factor metallogenic prediction models.This approach can significantly enhance the accuracy and reliability of metallogenic prediction,thereby improving the effectiveness of both deposit research and exploration.展开更多
Temperature has a substantial impact on the emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds(BVOCs).Moder-ate warm temperatures,e.g.,30–40°C,could boost plant metabolism,increasing BVOC emissions.Against the back...Temperature has a substantial impact on the emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds(BVOCs).Moder-ate warm temperatures,e.g.,30–40°C,could boost plant metabolism,increasing BVOC emissions.Against the backdrop of global warming,plants emit more BVOCs to cope with thermal stress,leading to elevated concen-trations of tropospheric ozone(O_(3))and secondary organic aerosols(SOA).In recent years,a considerable body of research has explored the interaction between tree species and BVOCs under the influence of various environ-mental factors.Although many studies have examined explored the temperature dependence of BVOC emissions in the past,few studies have conducted a comprehensive and in-depth investigation into the impacts of tempera-ture.This review summarizes the relevant studies on BVOCs in the past decade,including the main biosynthetic pathways,emission observation techniques and emission inventories,as well as how temperature affects isoprene and monoterpene emission rates and the formation of O_(3) and SOA.Our work offers a theoretical foundation and guidance for future efforts to advance the comprehension of BVOC emission characteristics and develop strategies to mitigate secondary pollution.展开更多
Glucose,ascorbic acid(AA),uric acid(UA),and dopamine(DA)are vital biomarkers whose dynamic concentrations correlate with critical diseases;however,multiplexed detection remains challenging for conventional electrochem...Glucose,ascorbic acid(AA),uric acid(UA),and dopamine(DA)are vital biomarkers whose dynamic concentrations correlate with critical diseases;however,multiplexed detection remains challenging for conventional electrochemical sensors because of their limited sensitivity and selectivity.Here,we present a millimeter-scale all-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)organic electrochemical transistor(OECT)platform that integrates dual-mode sensing with enzyme/metal-free operation for ultrasensitive biomarker monitoring.By engineering polycrystalline PEDOT:PSS channels via H_2 SO_4 post-treatment,the device achieves record-high conductivity(about(2312.0±29.9)S·cm^(–1)),maximum transconductance(about(2.82±0.12)mS),and on/off ratio(about 210.0±7.8),enabling signal amplification at low gate voltages.The dual-mode strategy combines the selectivity of electrochemistry with the sensitivity of OECTs,realizing simultaneous detection of glucose,AA,UA,and DA with clinical-level sensitivity:detection limits down to 8 nmol·L^(–1)(glucose),0.5 nmol·L^(–1)(AA),5 nmol·L^(–1)(DA),and 0.5 nmol·L^(–1)(UA).Validation using human urine samples yielded recovery rates of 94%–114%.This flexible sensing platform provides a new pathway for the development of wearable biosensors for precision diagnostics.展开更多
In natural aquatic ecosystems,algal-derived organic carbon(AOC)often coexists with exogenous organic carbon(EOC).Microbial utilization of these distinct carbon sources affects carbon flux and transformation in water c...In natural aquatic ecosystems,algal-derived organic carbon(AOC)often coexists with exogenous organic carbon(EOC).Microbial utilization of these distinct carbon sources affects carbon flux and transformation in water column and algal growth.Microcystis blooms significantly increase AOC levels in water,but the microbial transformation process of Microcystis-derived AOC in the presence of EOC remain poorly understood.We conducted a simulated experiment by introducing^(13)C-sodium bicarbonate and^(13)C-glucose as substrates for indoor simulation of non-axenic Microcystis aeruginosa(M.aeruginosa)populations in a sealed system.The microbial transformation processes of AOC and EOC and their effects on M.aeruginosa growth were investigated.Results demonstrated that the addition of glucose accelerated M.aeruginosa growth and significantly increased their biomass.During the experiment,as the particulate organic carbon and nitrogen content increased,the concentrations of CO_(2)and N_(2)O were gradually decreased,while the concentration of CH4 were gradually increased.Significant differences were observed in the microbial processes involved in the uptake of AOC and EOC.Bacteria involved in AOC transformation throughout the growth period were dominated by Proteobacteria,Gemmatimonadota,Actinobacteriota,Bacteroidota,Acidobacteriota,and Firmicutes.The bacteria involved in EOC transformation were dominated by Proteobacteria,Actinobacteriota,Firmicutes,Cyanobacteria,Armatimonadota,and Bacteroidota.Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size(LEfSe)analysis revealed Massilia and Akkermansia as biomarkers involved in AOC transformation,while Ligilactobacillus was associated with EOC transformation.These findings provide valuable insights into the effects of EOC on algae-bacteria interaction,and on the dynamics of carbon and nitrogen cycling among M.aeruginosa and its associated bacteria.展开更多
Multi-organ-on-a-chip(MOOC)technology represents a pivotal direction in the organ-on-a-chip field,seeking to emulate the complex interactions of multiple human organs in vitro through microfluidic systems.This technol...Multi-organ-on-a-chip(MOOC)technology represents a pivotal direction in the organ-on-a-chip field,seeking to emulate the complex interactions of multiple human organs in vitro through microfluidic systems.This technology overcomes the limitations of traditional single-organ models,providing a novel platform for investigating complex disease mechanisms and evaluating drug efficacy and toxicity.Although it demonstrates broad application prospects,its development still faces critical bottlenecks,including inadequate physiological coupling between organs,short functional maintenance durations,and limited real-time monitoring capabilities.Contemporary research is advancing along three key directions,including functional coupling,sensor integration,and full-process automation systems,to propel the technology toward enhanced levels of physiological relevance and predictive accuracy.展开更多
The effects of nitrogen(N)deposition on forest soil organic carbon(SOC)are largely unclear,likely due to the divergent responses of particulate(POC)and mineral-associated carbon(MAOC).Conventional understory inorganic...The effects of nitrogen(N)deposition on forest soil organic carbon(SOC)are largely unclear,likely due to the divergent responses of particulate(POC)and mineral-associated carbon(MAOC).Conventional understory inorganic N(UIN)additions neglect canopy processes and the impacts of organic N,potentially misevaluating N deposition effects.This study was conducted in a long-term N addition experiment established in a Moso bamboo forest,which included six treatments combining canopy and understory N additions with organic(urea glycine)and inorganic(NH_(4)NO_(3))forms at a rate of 50 kg N·ha^(-1)·yr^(-1).Litterbags were installed for a two-year decomposition experiment and collected at quarterly intervals,together with concurrent soil sampling under litterbags at 0–10 cm depth.We aimed to examine the effects of canopy vs.understory N addition and organic vs.inorganic N form on soil POC and MAOC concentrations.Our results showed that canopy N additions significantly reduced POC(ased POC-15.9%)but did not affect MAOC(P>0.05).Conversely,understory N additions significantly incre(30.9%)and decreased MAOC(and fungal diversity(FuD),-28.9%).Canopy N additions decreased POC by enhancing peroxidase activity while understory N additions promoted POC by inhibiting litter decomposition.Additionally,understory N addition-induced soil acidification decreased soil Ca^(2+)concentration,microbial carbon use efficiency,and bacterial necromass C,as well as the release of litter water-soluble compounds,thereby inhibiting MAOC.Moreover,nitrogen forms(organic vs.inorganic)had no effect on SOC fractions.Our findings underscore that canopy and understory N addition approaches differentially regulate SOC fractions by altering litter decomposition–microbial–mineral interactions,and the understory approach may overestimate soil POC gain and MAOC loss driven by atmospheric N deposition.展开更多
A trace analytical method based on solid-phase extraction gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(SPE–GC–MS/MS)was developed for the rapid detection of 256 semi-volatile organic compounds(SVOCs),including 25 pol...A trace analytical method based on solid-phase extraction gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(SPE–GC–MS/MS)was developed for the rapid detection of 256 semi-volatile organic compounds(SVOCs),including 25 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),70 polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs),123 pesticides,20 phthalate esters(PAEs),4 organophosphate esters(OPEs),9 synthetic musks(SMs),and 5 UV filters(UVs)in water.No-tably,this method provided a decent linearity of calibration standards(R^(2)>0.999),excellent method limits of quantification(MLOQs)(0.12–11.41 ng/L),satisfactory matrix spiking recovery rates(60.4%–126%),and high precision(intra-day relative standard deviations(RSDs):1.0%–10.0%,inter-day RSDs:3.0%–15.0%,and inter-week RSDs:3.4%–15.7%),making it suitable for trace-level studies.Statistical analysis revealed that SVOCs with higher volatility exhibited enhanced recovery rates.Validation of the methodology involved analyzing SVOCs in real spring water and river water samples.Twenty-seven SVOCs were detected in spring water and 58 in river water,with an average concentration of 631.73 and 16,095 ng/L,respectively.Among the detected SVOCs,PAEs constituted the predominant proportion.This study underscored the presence of SVOCs contamination specifi-cally within the spring water,although SVOCs concentrations in river water were significantly greater than those found in spring water.In summary,this sensitive method based on SPE–GC–MS/MS was successfully developed and validated for the rapid analysis of a diverse array of 256 SVOCs at trace levels in water,including not only the traditional highly valued PAHs,PCBs,pesticides,and PAEs,but also the emerging OPEs,UVs,and SMs.展开更多
Doping is essential for modulating semiconductor conductivity,forming p-n junctions,and reducing contact resistance[1].Notably,as organic semiconductors(OSCs)advance toward high performance,flexibility,and miniaturiza...Doping is essential for modulating semiconductor conductivity,forming p-n junctions,and reducing contact resistance[1].Notably,as organic semiconductors(OSCs)advance toward high performance,flexibility,and miniaturization,achieving precise regionally selective doping becomes critical for building complex,highly integrated devices[2].In inorganic semiconductors(e.g.,silicon),sub-100-nanometer regional doping is achievable through photolithography and ion implantation—techniques foundational to modern complementary metaloxide-semiconductor(CMOS)technology[3].展开更多
To deepen understanding of the evolution of coal char microstructural properties of coal char during the co-pyrolysis of coking coal with additives,this study incorporated two typical additives,coal tar pitch(CTP)and ...To deepen understanding of the evolution of coal char microstructural properties of coal char during the co-pyrolysis of coking coal with additives,this study incorporated two typical additives,coal tar pitch(CTP)and waste plastic(HDPE),into a blended coal sample and carried out pyrolysis experiments.The pyrolysis process and the microstructure of char were systematically characterized using various analytical techniques,including thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and Raman spectroscopy.Data correlation analysis was performed to reveal the mechanism of carbon structural ordering evolution within the critical temperature range(350−600℃)from colloidal layer formation to semi-coke conversion in coking coal,and to elucidate the regulatory effects of different additives on coal pyrolysis pathways.The results indicate that HDPE releases free radicals during high-temperature pyrolysis,accelerating the pyrolysis reaction and increase the yield of volatile components.Conversely,CTP facilitates pyrolysis at low temperatures through its light components,thereby delaying high-temperature reactions due to the colloidal layer’s effect.XRD results indicate that during the process of pyrolysis,there is a progressive decrease in the interlayer spacing of aromatic layers(d002),while the aromatic ring stacking height(L_(c))and lateral size(L_(a))undergo significant of carbon skeleton ordering.Further comparative reveals that CTP partially suppresses structural ordering at low temperatures,whereas HDPE promotes the condensation and alignment of aromatic clusters via a free radical mechanism.Raman spectroscopy reveals a two-stage reorganization mechanism in the microstructure of the coal char:the decrease in the I_(D)/I_(G)ratio between 350 and 550℃is primarily attributed to the cleavage of aliphatic side chains and cross-linking bonds,leading to a reduction in defective structures;whereas the increase in ID/IG between 550 and 600℃is closely associated with enhanced condensation reactions of aromatic structures.Correlation analysis further demonstrates progressive graphitization during pyrolysis,with a significant positive correlation(R^(2)>0.85)observed between d002 and the full width at half maximum of the G-band(FWHM-G).展开更多
CO_(2)reduction technology can promote the resource utilization of carbon and help alleviate global warming and energy supply pressure.It is an effective way to achieve energy conversion and utilization.Covalent organ...CO_(2)reduction technology can promote the resource utilization of carbon and help alleviate global warming and energy supply pressure.It is an effective way to achieve energy conversion and utilization.Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)are porous crystalline materials formed by connecting organic monomers through covalent bonds.They have the characteristics of functional diversity and rich chemical properties.Their advantages,such as high porosity,a wide range of visible light absorption,and excellent charge separation efficiency,give them good potential in CO_(2)capture,separation,and conversion.Currently,Cu is a key metal in the catalytic CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)for the preparation of high-value-added chemicals.The preparation of highly stable and large-pore Cu-based COFs using COFs as an ideal sacrificial template for loading Cu can be used to develop high-performance electrocatalysts and photocatalysts.In this review,we discuss the latest advancements in this field,including the development of various Cu-based COFs and their applications as catalysts for CO_(2)RR.Here,we mainly introduce the synthesis strategies,some important characterization information,and the applications of electrocatalytic and photocatalytic CO_(2)conversion using these previously reported Cu-based COFs.展开更多
Microplastic contamination has emerged as a threat in transplantation,with evidence of its presence in human tissues and potential to compromise grafts.Transplant recipients,vulnerable due to immunosuppression and sur...Microplastic contamination has emerged as a threat in transplantation,with evidence of its presence in human tissues and potential to compromise grafts.Transplant recipients,vulnerable due to immunosuppression and surgical exposure,face risk from microplastics via airborne particles,surgical materials,and organ preservation systems.These particles trigger inflammation,oxidative stress,and immune dysregulation—pathways critical in rejection.Microplastics support biofilm formation,potentially facilitating antimicrobial resistance in clinical settings.Despite this risk,transplant-specific research is lacking.We urge action through environmental controls,material substitutions,and procedural modifications,alongside research targeting exposure pathways,biological impact,and mitigation strategies.Transplantation has historically led medical innovation and must do so in confronting this environmental challenge.Leadership from global transplant societies is essential to protect recipients and ensure safe procedures.展开更多
Organic photovoltaics(OPVs)have achieved remarkable progress,with laboratory-scale single-junction devices now demonstrating power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)exceeding 20%.However,these efficiencies are highly depen...Organic photovoltaics(OPVs)have achieved remarkable progress,with laboratory-scale single-junction devices now demonstrating power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)exceeding 20%.However,these efficiencies are highly dependent on the thickness of the photoactive layer,which is typically around 100 nm.This sensitivity poses a challenge for industrial-scale fabrication.Achieving high PCEs in thick-film OPVs is therefore essential.This review systematically examines recent advancements in thick-film OPVs,focusing on the fundamental mechanisms that lead to efficiency loss and strategies to enhance performance.We provide a comprehensive analysis spanning the complete photovoltaic process chain:from initial exciton generation and diffusion dynamics,through dissociation mechanisms,to subsequent charge-carrier transport,balance optimization,and final collection efficiency.Particular emphasis is placed on cutting-edge solutions in molecular engineering and device architecture optimization.By synthesizing these interdisciplinary approaches and investigating the potential contributions in stability,cost,and machine learning aspects,this work establishes comprehensive guidelines for designing high-performance OPVs devices with minimal thickness dependence,ultimately aiming to bridge the gap between laboratory achievements and industrial manufacturing requirements.展开更多
This study employed integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses to investigate the impacts of moderate withering(approximately 30%weight loss)on organic acid and flavonoid accumulation in blueberries and the re...This study employed integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses to investigate the impacts of moderate withering(approximately 30%weight loss)on organic acid and flavonoid accumulation in blueberries and the resultant blueberry wines.Moderate withering led to decreases in aliphatic organic acids but increases in phenolic acids and flavonoids in blueberries.The decrease in malate could be linked to the downregulated VcMDH and VcDTC,and the decrease in citrate and 2-oxoglutarate could be a consequence of y-aminobutyric acid shunt activation.The increases of phenolic acids were associated with upregulated VcCAD and VcPOD in withered blueberries.Additionally,moderate withering upregulated the expression of VcLAR and VcUFGT,promoting flavonoid accumulation.In blueberry wines,moderate withering decreased total aliphatic organic acid content but increased anthocyanin content,consistent with the findings in blueberries.Overall,this study provided references for applying moderate withering in blueberry winemaking,contributing to modulating acidity and enriching phenolic substances.展开更多
High-sensitive quantitative determination of alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)is of crucial importance for early clinical diagnosis of cancers.Herein,an AuNPs-free electrochemical immunosensor(Ab1-Fc-COF)was prepared from a carb...High-sensitive quantitative determination of alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)is of crucial importance for early clinical diagnosis of cancers.Herein,an AuNPs-free electrochemical immunosensor(Ab1-Fc-COF)was prepared from a carboxylic group enriched COF by post-functionalization with detecting antibody(Ab1)and ferrocene(Fc),and used for electrochemical detection of AFP.Due to the small,homogeneous pore size of the COF,Ab1 with a big size was immobilized on the surface of the COF,while Fc with a small size was covalently modified both on the surface and in the pores of COF.The covalently immobilized Ab1 was quite stable and beneficial to specifically detect AFP biomarkers.Meanwhile,the enriched Fc molecules not only improved the conductivity of the COF,but also effectively transferred and amplified the electrochemical signal.This proposed immunosensor exhibited high sensitivity in detecting AFP with a detection limit of 0.39 pg/mL(S/N of 3:1)and a wide linear response range spanning from 1 pg/mL to 100 ng/mL when plotted against logarithmic concentrations.Furthermore,this immunosensor showed excellent selectivity,stability and reproducibility in the testing of real samples.This study presents an innovative prototype for construction of a precious metal-free,antibody-directly-immobilized,simple and stable electrochemical immunoprobe.展开更多
In this study,we meticulously designed a layered carbon-based catalytic material to induce the degradation of a series of organic pollutants by activating peroxymonosulfate(PMS) in the PMS-based advanced oxidation pro...In this study,we meticulously designed a layered carbon-based catalytic material to induce the degradation of a series of organic pollutants by activating peroxymonosulfate(PMS) in the PMS-based advanced oxidation processes(AOPs).Results indicated that the silicon and oxygen elements from the montmorillonite were incorporated into the catalyst matrix to form the Si-O-C structure.It was notable that the layered carbonaceous material with Si-O-C structure exhibited an outstanding catalytic effect on the synthesized layered catalytic material array,achieving over 90 % removal rate of most pollutants within 60 min.It was notable that the layered carbonaceous material with Si-O-C structure exhibited an outstanding catalytic effect on the synthesized layered catalytic material array.The salt bridge system confirmed that pollutants can provide electrons to the Si-O-C/PMS system,and we verified that the electron transfer process(ETP) mechanism was the main pathway for the degradation of pollutants in the Si-O-C/PMS system via the open-circuit potential analysis.In combination with the structural properties of different pollutants,we discovered that electron-donating pollutants can supply more electrons to the Si-O-C/PMS system,thereby enhancing the ETP process.The findings of this study are anticipated to advance the development and practical application of layered carbonaceous materials-based catalysts and support the design and implementation of nanoconfined catalysts in the field of AOPs.展开更多
Achieving simultaneous enhancement of crystallinity and optimal domain size remains a fundamental challenge in organic photovoltaics(OPVs),where conventional crystallization strategies often trigger excessive aggregat...Achieving simultaneous enhancement of crystallinity and optimal domain size remains a fundamental challenge in organic photovoltaics(OPVs),where conventional crystallization strategies often trigger excessive aggregation of small-molecule acceptors.This work pioneers a kinetic paradigm for resolving the crystallinity-domain size trade-off in organic photovoltaics through dual-additive-guided stepwise crystallization.By strategically pairing 1,2-dichlorobenzene(o-DCB,low binding energy to Y6)and 1-fluoronaphthalene(FN,high binding energy),we achieve temporally decoupled crystallization control:o-DCB first mediates donor-acceptor co-crystallization during film formation,constructing a metastable network,whereupon FN induces confined Y6 crystallization within this framework during thermal annealing,refining nanostructure without over-aggregation.Morphology studies reveal that this synergy enhances crystallinity of(100)diffraction peaks by 21%–10%versus single-additive controls(o-DCB/FN alone),while maintaining optimal domain size.These morphological advantages yield balanced carrier transport(μh/μe=1.23),near-unity exciton dissociation(98.53%),and a champion power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 18.08%for PM6:Y6,significantly surpassing single-additive devices(o-DCB:17.20%;FN:17.53%).Crucially,the dual-additive strategy demonstrates universal applicability across diverse active layer systems,achieving an outstanding PCE of 19.27%in PM6:L8-BO-based devices,thereby establishing a general framework for morphology control in high-efficiency OPVs.展开更多
Abstract:Graphene-Based separation membranes hold promise for water treatment.However,their practical deployment in high-salinity brines remains challenging due to structural instability.Herein,a defect-free Na^(+)-Cu...Abstract:Graphene-Based separation membranes hold promise for water treatment.However,their practical deployment in high-salinity brines remains challenging due to structural instability.Herein,a defect-free Na^(+)-Cu^(2+)/GO-PEI nanocomposite membrane was fabricated via a pH-controlled cross-linking polymerization strategy.Polyethyleneimine(PEI)serves as a critical interfacial stabilizer,enhancing the connection between the Na^(+)-GO and Cu^(2+)-GO layers through amide bond formation with GO nanosheets while facilitating Cu^(2+)chelation.The Na^(+)/GO layer modifies the pore structure of the polyether sulfone(PES)substrate,synergistically optimizing the membrane’s microstructure.Performances evaluation revealed that the as-prepared membrane achieved exceptional separation efficiency(>98%)for tributyl phosphate,sulfonated kerosene,and bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate in high-salinity brine,accompanied by a high flux of 160~224 L·m^(-2)·h^(-1).Notably,it exhibited robust chemical stability in corrosive environment and maintained mechanical durability after 500 folding cycles coupled with consistent separation performances over 10 recycles.This study presents a novel multi-component modification approach for constructing high-performance GObased membrane,promising practical applications in organic pollutant removal from high salt solution.展开更多
The crystallization and aggregation characteristics of the active layer components in organic solar cells(OSCs)are one of the core factors determining photovoltaic performance,influencing the entire process from light...The crystallization and aggregation characteristics of the active layer components in organic solar cells(OSCs)are one of the core factors determining photovoltaic performance,influencing the entire process from light absorption to charge separation,transport,and ultimately charge collection.Dynamic changes in crystallization and aggregation states can also disrupt the microstructure of the active layer,thus shortening the lifetime of the cell.In this study,a morphology modulation strategy is proposed to regulate the crystallization kinetics of non-fullerene acceptors by employing the polymer molecule PYIT as a nucleating agent.An appropriate amount of PYIT was first completely dissolved with the non-fullerene acceptor Y6 and left to stand for 24 h,followed by the fabrication of layer-by-layer processed OSCs.Experiments demonstrated that high crystallinity of PYIT allows it to act as a crystallization nucleus,promoting the crystallization,orientation consistency,and ordered stacking of the acceptor.These nanoscale structural optimizations facilitate efficient charge transport,enhance exciton dissociation efficiency,and suppress unfavorable energetic disorder.Consequently,not only was the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of D18-Cl/Y6-based layer-by-layer processed OSC increased from 18.08%to 19.13%,but the atmospheric stability and long-term lifetime of the OSCs were also significantly improved.Notably,this strategy is also applicable to indoor OSCs,and the PYIT-optimized device can achieve a PCE of 27.0%under 1000 lux light-emitting diode(LED,3200K)irradiation,which is superior to that of the control device(24.2%).This work develops a crystal engineering strategy that is able to simultaneously optimize the microscopic morphology and charge dynamics properties in OSCs,thereby achieving simultaneous improvement in efficiency and stability.展开更多
Fenton-like technology based on peroxymonosulfate activation has shown great potential in refractory organics degradation.In this work,single Fe atom catalysts were synthesized through facile ball milling and exhibite...Fenton-like technology based on peroxymonosulfate activation has shown great potential in refractory organics degradation.In this work,single Fe atom catalysts were synthesized through facile ball milling and exhibited very high performance in peroxymonosulfate activation.The Fe single-atom filled an N vacancy on the triazine ring edge of C_(3)N_(4),as confirmed through X-ray absorption fine structure,density functional calculation and elec-tron paramagnetic resonance.The SAFe_(0.4)–C_(3)N_(4)/PMS system could completely remove phenol(20 mg/L)within 10 min and its first-order kinetic constant was 12.3 times that of the Fe_(3)O_(4)/PMS system.Under different ini-tial pH levels and in various anionic environments,SAFe_(0.4)–C_(3)N_(4) still demonstrated excellent catalytic activity,achieving a removal rate of over 90%for phenol within 12 min.In addition,SAFe_(0.4)–C_(3)N_(4) exhibited outstanding selectivity in reaction systems with different pollutants,showing excellent degradation effects on electron-rich pollutants only.Hydroxyl radicals(•OH),singlet oxygen(1O_(2))and high-valent iron oxide(Fe(Ⅳ)=O)were de-tected in the SAFe_(0.4)–C_(3)N_(4)/PMS system through free radical capture experiments.Further experiments on the quenching of active species and a methyl phenyl sulfoxide probe confirmed that 1O_(2) and Fe(Ⅳ)=O played dom-inant roles.Additionally,the change in the current response after adding PMS and phenol in succession proved that a direct electron transfer path between organic matter and the catalyst surface was unlikely to exist in the SAFe_(0.4)–C_(3)N_(4)/PMS/Phenol degradation system.This study provides a new demonstration of the catalytic mech-anism of single-atom catalysts.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22361162668 and 42021004)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC3706203).
文摘Along with decrease of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))concentration in recent years in China,secondary species become increasingly important.This work focuses on characterizing secondary components,and a few important groups of organics including organic nitrogen(ON),organonitrates(OrgN),organosulfates(OS)and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),via online measurement of submicron aerosols(PM_(1))in Nanjing,China,during 2022 summer.The average PM_(1) concentration was 15.39μg/m^(3),dominated by secondary components(69.1%),which were even more important at higher PM_(1) levels.The primary organic aerosols(POA)were from traffic,industry and cooking;the two secondary OA factors were both closely linked with photochemistry,with one(OOA1)being relatively fresh and important in early afternoon and another(OOA2)being aged and important in late afternoon.Sulfate formation was also governed by photochemistry but resembled that of OOA2 not OOA1;nitrate formation was associated strongly with heterogeneous hydrolysis and thermodynamic equilibrium.Results also reveal a possible photochemical reaction channel from POA to OOA1,then to OOA2.Case studies show that formations of secondary components responded differently to different weather conditions and governed summer PM_(1) pollution.The average ON,OrgN,OS and PAHs concentrations were determined to be 122.8,84.4,45.6 and 3.3 ng/m^(3),respectively.ON was dominated by primary sources(53.8%).OrgN varied similarly to nitrate.OS formation was linked with aqueous-phase reactions,which were insignificant therefore its level was low.PAHs was mainly from traffic,and photochemical oxidation might be its important sink during afternoon.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42372115)the International Geological Correlation Programmes(Grant No.IGCP-741)the Qinghai Province“Kunlun Talents High-End Innovation and Entrepreneurship Talents”Project(Qing Talent Character[2024]No.1).
文摘Organics exhibit close spatial,temporal,and genetic relationships with Mississippi Valley-Type(MVT)Pb-Zn deposits.Understanding its specific roles in ore formation is therefore crucial for advancing metallogenic prediction and exploration.This study focuses on the thermal evolution of organics in sedimentary basins and the key controlling effects of its products on MVT Pb-Zn mineralization.By systematically analyzing the thermal evolution history and thermal maturity characteristics of organics,it provides a new perspective for revealing the genetic mechanisms of Pb-Zn deposits and guiding exploration.Research demonstrates a significant coupling relationship between organics and MVT Pb-Zn deposits in spatial-temporal distribution and genetic mechanisms,with organics exhibiting different functional mechanisms at various stages of mineralization:During the activation-extraction stage of metallogenic materials,organic acids generated from the thermal evolution of organics possess strong complexation capabilities for metal elements like lead and zinc,effectively activating and extracting these elements from source rocks,thereby providing favorable conditions for initial enrichment.During the transport stage,oilfield brines,as important ore-forming fluids,likely serve as ideal carriers for the migration of metal elements such as lead and zinc.During the precipitation stage,organics primarily facilitate metal sulfide precipitation either by directly providing reduced sulfur or by acting as a reducing agent to reduce sulfate,thereby supplying reduced sulfur.Based on the coupling relationship between organics and mineralization,and leveraging interdisciplinary advantages from inorganic-organic geochemistry,economic geology,and tectonic geology,modern analytical techniques such as Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS)and artificial intelligence-assisted methods can be employed to precisely identify and quantitatively analyze biomarkers(e.g.,n-alkanes,isoprenoids,steranes,organic sulfur compounds)in organics like solid bitumen and organic inclusions.Their characteristic parameters can be used to trace the source of metallogenic materials,constrain the physicochemical conditions(e.g.,temperature,pressure)of the ore-forming fluids,delineate the mineralization process,and constrain the metallogenic epoch,thereby constructing a multi-stage comprehensive metallogenic model involving organics.Simultaneously,organic geochemical surveys can delineate organic geochemical anomalies(e.g.,methane,aromatic hydrocarbons)related to mineralization in rocks and soils,facilitating the construction of multi-scale,multi-factor metallogenic prediction models.This approach can significantly enhance the accuracy and reliability of metallogenic prediction,thereby improving the effectiveness of both deposit research and exploration.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2024YFC3714200)Guangxi Key Research and Development Program,China(No.Guike AB24010074)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22276099,U24A20515 and 22361162668)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20240036)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.KYCX24_1529).
文摘Temperature has a substantial impact on the emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds(BVOCs).Moder-ate warm temperatures,e.g.,30–40°C,could boost plant metabolism,increasing BVOC emissions.Against the backdrop of global warming,plants emit more BVOCs to cope with thermal stress,leading to elevated concen-trations of tropospheric ozone(O_(3))and secondary organic aerosols(SOA).In recent years,a considerable body of research has explored the interaction between tree species and BVOCs under the influence of various environ-mental factors.Although many studies have examined explored the temperature dependence of BVOC emissions in the past,few studies have conducted a comprehensive and in-depth investigation into the impacts of tempera-ture.This review summarizes the relevant studies on BVOCs in the past decade,including the main biosynthetic pathways,emission observation techniques and emission inventories,as well as how temperature affects isoprene and monoterpene emission rates and the formation of O_(3) and SOA.Our work offers a theoretical foundation and guidance for future efforts to advance the comprehension of BVOC emission characteristics and develop strategies to mitigate secondary pollution.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52272214,52372082,52466013,52373184,and U24A20660)Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Nos.20242BAB26059,20232BAB204032,20252BAC200290,20252BEJ730349,and 20252BAC240326)Doctoral Start-Up Fund of Jiangxi Science&Technology Normal University(No.2024BSQD16)。
文摘Glucose,ascorbic acid(AA),uric acid(UA),and dopamine(DA)are vital biomarkers whose dynamic concentrations correlate with critical diseases;however,multiplexed detection remains challenging for conventional electrochemical sensors because of their limited sensitivity and selectivity.Here,we present a millimeter-scale all-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)organic electrochemical transistor(OECT)platform that integrates dual-mode sensing with enzyme/metal-free operation for ultrasensitive biomarker monitoring.By engineering polycrystalline PEDOT:PSS channels via H_2 SO_4 post-treatment,the device achieves record-high conductivity(about(2312.0±29.9)S·cm^(–1)),maximum transconductance(about(2.82±0.12)mS),and on/off ratio(about 210.0±7.8),enabling signal amplification at low gate voltages.The dual-mode strategy combines the selectivity of electrochemistry with the sensitivity of OECTs,realizing simultaneous detection of glucose,AA,UA,and DA with clinical-level sensitivity:detection limits down to 8 nmol·L^(–1)(glucose),0.5 nmol·L^(–1)(AA),5 nmol·L^(–1)(DA),and 0.5 nmol·L^(–1)(UA).Validation using human urine samples yielded recovery rates of 94%–114%.This flexible sensing platform provides a new pathway for the development of wearable biosensors for precision diagnostics.
基金Supported by the Jiangsu Provincial Science and Technology Planning Project(No.BK20231516)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42293264,32371606,31971449)。
文摘In natural aquatic ecosystems,algal-derived organic carbon(AOC)often coexists with exogenous organic carbon(EOC).Microbial utilization of these distinct carbon sources affects carbon flux and transformation in water column and algal growth.Microcystis blooms significantly increase AOC levels in water,but the microbial transformation process of Microcystis-derived AOC in the presence of EOC remain poorly understood.We conducted a simulated experiment by introducing^(13)C-sodium bicarbonate and^(13)C-glucose as substrates for indoor simulation of non-axenic Microcystis aeruginosa(M.aeruginosa)populations in a sealed system.The microbial transformation processes of AOC and EOC and their effects on M.aeruginosa growth were investigated.Results demonstrated that the addition of glucose accelerated M.aeruginosa growth and significantly increased their biomass.During the experiment,as the particulate organic carbon and nitrogen content increased,the concentrations of CO_(2)and N_(2)O were gradually decreased,while the concentration of CH4 were gradually increased.Significant differences were observed in the microbial processes involved in the uptake of AOC and EOC.Bacteria involved in AOC transformation throughout the growth period were dominated by Proteobacteria,Gemmatimonadota,Actinobacteriota,Bacteroidota,Acidobacteriota,and Firmicutes.The bacteria involved in EOC transformation were dominated by Proteobacteria,Actinobacteriota,Firmicutes,Cyanobacteria,Armatimonadota,and Bacteroidota.Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size(LEfSe)analysis revealed Massilia and Akkermansia as biomarkers involved in AOC transformation,while Ligilactobacillus was associated with EOC transformation.These findings provide valuable insights into the effects of EOC on algae-bacteria interaction,and on the dynamics of carbon and nitrogen cycling among M.aeruginosa and its associated bacteria.
基金supported by the Shenzhen Medical Research Fund(Grant No.A2303049)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research(Grant No.2023A1515010647)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22004135)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant No.RCBS20210706092409020,GXWD20201231165807008,20200824162253002).
文摘Multi-organ-on-a-chip(MOOC)technology represents a pivotal direction in the organ-on-a-chip field,seeking to emulate the complex interactions of multiple human organs in vitro through microfluidic systems.This technology overcomes the limitations of traditional single-organ models,providing a novel platform for investigating complex disease mechanisms and evaluating drug efficacy and toxicity.Although it demonstrates broad application prospects,its development still faces critical bottlenecks,including inadequate physiological coupling between organs,short functional maintenance durations,and limited real-time monitoring capabilities.Contemporary research is advancing along three key directions,including functional coupling,sensor integration,and full-process automation systems,to propel the technology toward enhanced levels of physiological relevance and predictive accuracy.
文摘The effects of nitrogen(N)deposition on forest soil organic carbon(SOC)are largely unclear,likely due to the divergent responses of particulate(POC)and mineral-associated carbon(MAOC).Conventional understory inorganic N(UIN)additions neglect canopy processes and the impacts of organic N,potentially misevaluating N deposition effects.This study was conducted in a long-term N addition experiment established in a Moso bamboo forest,which included six treatments combining canopy and understory N additions with organic(urea glycine)and inorganic(NH_(4)NO_(3))forms at a rate of 50 kg N·ha^(-1)·yr^(-1).Litterbags were installed for a two-year decomposition experiment and collected at quarterly intervals,together with concurrent soil sampling under litterbags at 0–10 cm depth.We aimed to examine the effects of canopy vs.understory N addition and organic vs.inorganic N form on soil POC and MAOC concentrations.Our results showed that canopy N additions significantly reduced POC(ased POC-15.9%)but did not affect MAOC(P>0.05).Conversely,understory N additions significantly incre(30.9%)and decreased MAOC(and fungal diversity(FuD),-28.9%).Canopy N additions decreased POC by enhancing peroxidase activity while understory N additions promoted POC by inhibiting litter decomposition.Additionally,understory N addition-induced soil acidification decreased soil Ca^(2+)concentration,microbial carbon use efficiency,and bacterial necromass C,as well as the release of litter water-soluble compounds,thereby inhibiting MAOC.Moreover,nitrogen forms(organic vs.inorganic)had no effect on SOC fractions.Our findings underscore that canopy and understory N addition approaches differentially regulate SOC fractions by altering litter decomposition–microbial–mineral interactions,and the understory approach may overestimate soil POC gain and MAOC loss driven by atmospheric N deposition.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51939009)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Nos.JCYJ20241202125905008 and GXWD20201231165807007-20200810165349001).
文摘A trace analytical method based on solid-phase extraction gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(SPE–GC–MS/MS)was developed for the rapid detection of 256 semi-volatile organic compounds(SVOCs),including 25 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),70 polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs),123 pesticides,20 phthalate esters(PAEs),4 organophosphate esters(OPEs),9 synthetic musks(SMs),and 5 UV filters(UVs)in water.No-tably,this method provided a decent linearity of calibration standards(R^(2)>0.999),excellent method limits of quantification(MLOQs)(0.12–11.41 ng/L),satisfactory matrix spiking recovery rates(60.4%–126%),and high precision(intra-day relative standard deviations(RSDs):1.0%–10.0%,inter-day RSDs:3.0%–15.0%,and inter-week RSDs:3.4%–15.7%),making it suitable for trace-level studies.Statistical analysis revealed that SVOCs with higher volatility exhibited enhanced recovery rates.Validation of the methodology involved analyzing SVOCs in real spring water and river water samples.Twenty-seven SVOCs were detected in spring water and 58 in river water,with an average concentration of 631.73 and 16,095 ng/L,respectively.Among the detected SVOCs,PAEs constituted the predominant proportion.This study underscored the presence of SVOCs contamination specifi-cally within the spring water,although SVOCs concentrations in river water were significantly greater than those found in spring water.In summary,this sensitive method based on SPE–GC–MS/MS was successfully developed and validated for the rapid analysis of a diverse array of 256 SVOCs at trace levels in water,including not only the traditional highly valued PAHs,PCBs,pesticides,and PAEs,but also the emerging OPEs,UVs,and SMs.
文摘Doping is essential for modulating semiconductor conductivity,forming p-n junctions,and reducing contact resistance[1].Notably,as organic semiconductors(OSCs)advance toward high performance,flexibility,and miniaturization,achieving precise regionally selective doping becomes critical for building complex,highly integrated devices[2].In inorganic semiconductors(e.g.,silicon),sub-100-nanometer regional doping is achievable through photolithography and ion implantation—techniques foundational to modern complementary metaloxide-semiconductor(CMOS)technology[3].
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(22378180,22078141)Education Department Foundation of Liaoning Province(JYTMS20230960)。
文摘To deepen understanding of the evolution of coal char microstructural properties of coal char during the co-pyrolysis of coking coal with additives,this study incorporated two typical additives,coal tar pitch(CTP)and waste plastic(HDPE),into a blended coal sample and carried out pyrolysis experiments.The pyrolysis process and the microstructure of char were systematically characterized using various analytical techniques,including thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and Raman spectroscopy.Data correlation analysis was performed to reveal the mechanism of carbon structural ordering evolution within the critical temperature range(350−600℃)from colloidal layer formation to semi-coke conversion in coking coal,and to elucidate the regulatory effects of different additives on coal pyrolysis pathways.The results indicate that HDPE releases free radicals during high-temperature pyrolysis,accelerating the pyrolysis reaction and increase the yield of volatile components.Conversely,CTP facilitates pyrolysis at low temperatures through its light components,thereby delaying high-temperature reactions due to the colloidal layer’s effect.XRD results indicate that during the process of pyrolysis,there is a progressive decrease in the interlayer spacing of aromatic layers(d002),while the aromatic ring stacking height(L_(c))and lateral size(L_(a))undergo significant of carbon skeleton ordering.Further comparative reveals that CTP partially suppresses structural ordering at low temperatures,whereas HDPE promotes the condensation and alignment of aromatic clusters via a free radical mechanism.Raman spectroscopy reveals a two-stage reorganization mechanism in the microstructure of the coal char:the decrease in the I_(D)/I_(G)ratio between 350 and 550℃is primarily attributed to the cleavage of aliphatic side chains and cross-linking bonds,leading to a reduction in defective structures;whereas the increase in ID/IG between 550 and 600℃is closely associated with enhanced condensation reactions of aromatic structures.Correlation analysis further demonstrates progressive graphitization during pyrolysis,with a significant positive correlation(R^(2)>0.85)observed between d002 and the full width at half maximum of the G-band(FWHM-G).
文摘CO_(2)reduction technology can promote the resource utilization of carbon and help alleviate global warming and energy supply pressure.It is an effective way to achieve energy conversion and utilization.Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)are porous crystalline materials formed by connecting organic monomers through covalent bonds.They have the characteristics of functional diversity and rich chemical properties.Their advantages,such as high porosity,a wide range of visible light absorption,and excellent charge separation efficiency,give them good potential in CO_(2)capture,separation,and conversion.Currently,Cu is a key metal in the catalytic CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)for the preparation of high-value-added chemicals.The preparation of highly stable and large-pore Cu-based COFs using COFs as an ideal sacrificial template for loading Cu can be used to develop high-performance electrocatalysts and photocatalysts.In this review,we discuss the latest advancements in this field,including the development of various Cu-based COFs and their applications as catalysts for CO_(2)RR.Here,we mainly introduce the synthesis strategies,some important characterization information,and the applications of electrocatalytic and photocatalytic CO_(2)conversion using these previously reported Cu-based COFs.
文摘Microplastic contamination has emerged as a threat in transplantation,with evidence of its presence in human tissues and potential to compromise grafts.Transplant recipients,vulnerable due to immunosuppression and surgical exposure,face risk from microplastics via airborne particles,surgical materials,and organ preservation systems.These particles trigger inflammation,oxidative stress,and immune dysregulation—pathways critical in rejection.Microplastics support biofilm formation,potentially facilitating antimicrobial resistance in clinical settings.Despite this risk,transplant-specific research is lacking.We urge action through environmental controls,material substitutions,and procedural modifications,alongside research targeting exposure pathways,biological impact,and mitigation strategies.Transplantation has historically led medical innovation and must do so in confronting this environmental challenge.Leadership from global transplant societies is essential to protect recipients and ensure safe procedures.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Nos.LQ23E030002,LZ23B040001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52303226,21971049)L.Zhan acknowledges the research start-up fund from Hangzhou Normal University(4095C50222204002).
文摘Organic photovoltaics(OPVs)have achieved remarkable progress,with laboratory-scale single-junction devices now demonstrating power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)exceeding 20%.However,these efficiencies are highly dependent on the thickness of the photoactive layer,which is typically around 100 nm.This sensitivity poses a challenge for industrial-scale fabrication.Achieving high PCEs in thick-film OPVs is therefore essential.This review systematically examines recent advancements in thick-film OPVs,focusing on the fundamental mechanisms that lead to efficiency loss and strategies to enhance performance.We provide a comprehensive analysis spanning the complete photovoltaic process chain:from initial exciton generation and diffusion dynamics,through dissociation mechanisms,to subsequent charge-carrier transport,balance optimization,and final collection efficiency.Particular emphasis is placed on cutting-edge solutions in molecular engineering and device architecture optimization.By synthesizing these interdisciplinary approaches and investigating the potential contributions in stability,cost,and machine learning aspects,this work establishes comprehensive guidelines for designing high-performance OPVs devices with minimal thickness dependence,ultimately aiming to bridge the gap between laboratory achievements and industrial manufacturing requirements.
基金supported by the Anhui Agricultural University Foundation for Stability and Introduction of Talent(rc352111)the Natural Science Research Project in Anhui Universities(2023AH051046)+2 种基金the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2108085MC118)the Special Fund for Anhui Provincial Academic and Technological Leader(2021D297)the Special Fund for Anhui Agriculture Research System(AHCYJSTX-NCPJG)。
文摘This study employed integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses to investigate the impacts of moderate withering(approximately 30%weight loss)on organic acid and flavonoid accumulation in blueberries and the resultant blueberry wines.Moderate withering led to decreases in aliphatic organic acids but increases in phenolic acids and flavonoids in blueberries.The decrease in malate could be linked to the downregulated VcMDH and VcDTC,and the decrease in citrate and 2-oxoglutarate could be a consequence of y-aminobutyric acid shunt activation.The increases of phenolic acids were associated with upregulated VcCAD and VcPOD in withered blueberries.Additionally,moderate withering upregulated the expression of VcLAR and VcUFGT,promoting flavonoid accumulation.In blueberry wines,moderate withering decreased total aliphatic organic acid content but increased anthocyanin content,consistent with the findings in blueberries.Overall,this study provided references for applying moderate withering in blueberry winemaking,contributing to modulating acidity and enriching phenolic substances.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of ZhejiangProvince(No.LZ24B020005)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22071040)for financial support.
文摘High-sensitive quantitative determination of alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)is of crucial importance for early clinical diagnosis of cancers.Herein,an AuNPs-free electrochemical immunosensor(Ab1-Fc-COF)was prepared from a carboxylic group enriched COF by post-functionalization with detecting antibody(Ab1)and ferrocene(Fc),and used for electrochemical detection of AFP.Due to the small,homogeneous pore size of the COF,Ab1 with a big size was immobilized on the surface of the COF,while Fc with a small size was covalently modified both on the surface and in the pores of COF.The covalently immobilized Ab1 was quite stable and beneficial to specifically detect AFP biomarkers.Meanwhile,the enriched Fc molecules not only improved the conductivity of the COF,but also effectively transferred and amplified the electrochemical signal.This proposed immunosensor exhibited high sensitivity in detecting AFP with a detection limit of 0.39 pg/mL(S/N of 3:1)and a wide linear response range spanning from 1 pg/mL to 100 ng/mL when plotted against logarithmic concentrations.Furthermore,this immunosensor showed excellent selectivity,stability and reproducibility in the testing of real samples.This study presents an innovative prototype for construction of a precious metal-free,antibody-directly-immobilized,simple and stable electrochemical immunoprobe.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.52170086,22476116,52074176)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Nos.ZR2021ME013,ZR2024ME156,ZR2022QB250)。
文摘In this study,we meticulously designed a layered carbon-based catalytic material to induce the degradation of a series of organic pollutants by activating peroxymonosulfate(PMS) in the PMS-based advanced oxidation processes(AOPs).Results indicated that the silicon and oxygen elements from the montmorillonite were incorporated into the catalyst matrix to form the Si-O-C structure.It was notable that the layered carbonaceous material with Si-O-C structure exhibited an outstanding catalytic effect on the synthesized layered catalytic material array,achieving over 90 % removal rate of most pollutants within 60 min.It was notable that the layered carbonaceous material with Si-O-C structure exhibited an outstanding catalytic effect on the synthesized layered catalytic material array.The salt bridge system confirmed that pollutants can provide electrons to the Si-O-C/PMS system,and we verified that the electron transfer process(ETP) mechanism was the main pathway for the degradation of pollutants in the Si-O-C/PMS system via the open-circuit potential analysis.In combination with the structural properties of different pollutants,we discovered that electron-donating pollutants can supply more electrons to the Si-O-C/PMS system,thereby enhancing the ETP process.The findings of this study are anticipated to advance the development and practical application of layered carbonaceous materials-based catalysts and support the design and implementation of nanoconfined catalysts in the field of AOPs.
基金supported by the Shaanxi Provincial High level Talent Introduction Project(5113220044)the Shaanxi Outstanding Youth Project(2023-JC-JQ-33)+8 种基金the Youth Science and Technology Talent Promotion Project of Jiangsu Association for Science and Technology(TJ-2022-088)the Project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023TQ0273,2023TQ0274,2023M742833)the NationalNatural Science Foundation of China(62304181)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(2023-JC-QN-0726,2025JC-YBQN-469)the GuangdongBasic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022A1515110286,2024A1515012538)the Basic Research Programs of Taicang(TC2024JC04)the Suzhou Science and Technology Development Plan Innovation Leading Talent Project(ZXL2023183)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(G2022KY05108,G2024KY0605,G2023KY0601)and the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(2018ZD53047).
文摘Achieving simultaneous enhancement of crystallinity and optimal domain size remains a fundamental challenge in organic photovoltaics(OPVs),where conventional crystallization strategies often trigger excessive aggregation of small-molecule acceptors.This work pioneers a kinetic paradigm for resolving the crystallinity-domain size trade-off in organic photovoltaics through dual-additive-guided stepwise crystallization.By strategically pairing 1,2-dichlorobenzene(o-DCB,low binding energy to Y6)and 1-fluoronaphthalene(FN,high binding energy),we achieve temporally decoupled crystallization control:o-DCB first mediates donor-acceptor co-crystallization during film formation,constructing a metastable network,whereupon FN induces confined Y6 crystallization within this framework during thermal annealing,refining nanostructure without over-aggregation.Morphology studies reveal that this synergy enhances crystallinity of(100)diffraction peaks by 21%–10%versus single-additive controls(o-DCB/FN alone),while maintaining optimal domain size.These morphological advantages yield balanced carrier transport(μh/μe=1.23),near-unity exciton dissociation(98.53%),and a champion power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 18.08%for PM6:Y6,significantly surpassing single-additive devices(o-DCB:17.20%;FN:17.53%).Crucially,the dual-additive strategy demonstrates universal applicability across diverse active layer systems,achieving an outstanding PCE of 19.27%in PM6:L8-BO-based devices,thereby establishing a general framework for morphology control in high-efficiency OPVs.
基金Special Research Assistant Program,China(2024000020)the Science and Technology Department of Qinghai Province,China(2024-ZJ-918)the“Kunlun Talents”Program of Qinghai(2024000075)。
文摘Abstract:Graphene-Based separation membranes hold promise for water treatment.However,their practical deployment in high-salinity brines remains challenging due to structural instability.Herein,a defect-free Na^(+)-Cu^(2+)/GO-PEI nanocomposite membrane was fabricated via a pH-controlled cross-linking polymerization strategy.Polyethyleneimine(PEI)serves as a critical interfacial stabilizer,enhancing the connection between the Na^(+)-GO and Cu^(2+)-GO layers through amide bond formation with GO nanosheets while facilitating Cu^(2+)chelation.The Na^(+)/GO layer modifies the pore structure of the polyether sulfone(PES)substrate,synergistically optimizing the membrane’s microstructure.Performances evaluation revealed that the as-prepared membrane achieved exceptional separation efficiency(>98%)for tributyl phosphate,sulfonated kerosene,and bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate in high-salinity brine,accompanied by a high flux of 160~224 L·m^(-2)·h^(-1).Notably,it exhibited robust chemical stability in corrosive environment and maintained mechanical durability after 500 folding cycles coupled with consistent separation performances over 10 recycles.This study presents a novel multi-component modification approach for constructing high-performance GObased membrane,promising practical applications in organic pollutant removal from high salt solution.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC grant no. 62474028, 52130304, and62222503)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2025ZNSFSC0037, 2025ZNSFSC1460, and 2024NSFSC1447)+1 种基金the National Key R and D Program of China (2023YFB2604101)sponsored by the Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Display Science and Technology
文摘The crystallization and aggregation characteristics of the active layer components in organic solar cells(OSCs)are one of the core factors determining photovoltaic performance,influencing the entire process from light absorption to charge separation,transport,and ultimately charge collection.Dynamic changes in crystallization and aggregation states can also disrupt the microstructure of the active layer,thus shortening the lifetime of the cell.In this study,a morphology modulation strategy is proposed to regulate the crystallization kinetics of non-fullerene acceptors by employing the polymer molecule PYIT as a nucleating agent.An appropriate amount of PYIT was first completely dissolved with the non-fullerene acceptor Y6 and left to stand for 24 h,followed by the fabrication of layer-by-layer processed OSCs.Experiments demonstrated that high crystallinity of PYIT allows it to act as a crystallization nucleus,promoting the crystallization,orientation consistency,and ordered stacking of the acceptor.These nanoscale structural optimizations facilitate efficient charge transport,enhance exciton dissociation efficiency,and suppress unfavorable energetic disorder.Consequently,not only was the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of D18-Cl/Y6-based layer-by-layer processed OSC increased from 18.08%to 19.13%,but the atmospheric stability and long-term lifetime of the OSCs were also significantly improved.Notably,this strategy is also applicable to indoor OSCs,and the PYIT-optimized device can achieve a PCE of 27.0%under 1000 lux light-emitting diode(LED,3200K)irradiation,which is superior to that of the control device(24.2%).This work develops a crystal engineering strategy that is able to simultaneously optimize the microscopic morphology and charge dynamics properties in OSCs,thereby achieving simultaneous improvement in efficiency and stability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22406081,22276086,22306086)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(No.20232BAB213029),all of which are greatly acknowledged by the authors.
文摘Fenton-like technology based on peroxymonosulfate activation has shown great potential in refractory organics degradation.In this work,single Fe atom catalysts were synthesized through facile ball milling and exhibited very high performance in peroxymonosulfate activation.The Fe single-atom filled an N vacancy on the triazine ring edge of C_(3)N_(4),as confirmed through X-ray absorption fine structure,density functional calculation and elec-tron paramagnetic resonance.The SAFe_(0.4)–C_(3)N_(4)/PMS system could completely remove phenol(20 mg/L)within 10 min and its first-order kinetic constant was 12.3 times that of the Fe_(3)O_(4)/PMS system.Under different ini-tial pH levels and in various anionic environments,SAFe_(0.4)–C_(3)N_(4) still demonstrated excellent catalytic activity,achieving a removal rate of over 90%for phenol within 12 min.In addition,SAFe_(0.4)–C_(3)N_(4) exhibited outstanding selectivity in reaction systems with different pollutants,showing excellent degradation effects on electron-rich pollutants only.Hydroxyl radicals(•OH),singlet oxygen(1O_(2))and high-valent iron oxide(Fe(Ⅳ)=O)were de-tected in the SAFe_(0.4)–C_(3)N_(4)/PMS system through free radical capture experiments.Further experiments on the quenching of active species and a methyl phenyl sulfoxide probe confirmed that 1O_(2) and Fe(Ⅳ)=O played dom-inant roles.Additionally,the change in the current response after adding PMS and phenol in succession proved that a direct electron transfer path between organic matter and the catalyst surface was unlikely to exist in the SAFe_(0.4)–C_(3)N_(4)/PMS/Phenol degradation system.This study provides a new demonstration of the catalytic mech-anism of single-atom catalysts.
