Decorin(DCN)is primarily found in the connective tissues of various parts of the body,including the lungs,kidneys,bone tissue,aorta,and tendons.It is an important component of the extracellular matrix(ECM)and belongs ...Decorin(DCN)is primarily found in the connective tissues of various parts of the body,including the lungs,kidneys,bone tissue,aorta,and tendons.It is an important component of the extracellular matrix(ECM)and belongs to the class I small leucine-rich proteoglycans family.DCN is increasingly attracting attention due to its significant role in tumors,fibrotic diseases,and the regulation of vascular formation.Moreover,its anti-tumor properties have positioned it as a promising biomarker in the fight against cancer.Numerous studies have confirmed that DCN can exert inhibitory effects in various solid tumors,particularly in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC),by activating its downstream pathways through binding with the epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)and mesenchymal-epithelial transition(MET)receptor,or by stabilizing and enhancing the expression of the tumor suppressor gene p53 to mediate apoptosis in cancer cells that have undergone mutation.The occurrence of OSCC is a continuous and dynamic process,encompassing the transition from normal mucosa to oral potentially malignant disorders(OPMDs),and further progressing from OPMDs to the malignant transformation into OSCC.We have found that DCN may exhibit a bidirectional effect in the progression of oral mucosal carcinogenesis,showing a trend of initial elevation followed by a decline,which decreases with the differentiation of OSCC.In OPMDs,DCN exhibits high expression and may be associated with malignant transformation,possibly linked to the increased expression of P53 in OPMDs.In OSCC,the expression of DCN is reduced,which can impact OSCC angiogenesis,and inhibit tumor cell proliferation,migration,and invasion capabilities,serving as a potential marker for predicting adverse prognosis in OSCC patients.This article reviews the current research status of DCN,covering its molecular structure,properties,and involvement in the onset and progression of oral mucosal carcinogenesis.It elucidates DCN’s role in this process and aims to offer insights for future investigations into its mechanism of action in oral mucosal carcinogenesis and its potential application in the early diagnosis and treatment of OSCC.展开更多
Background:Oral health issues persistently affect the overall health and well-being of rural populations.Village health volunteers(VHVs)play a crucial role in advancing oral health literacy in their community.This stu...Background:Oral health issues persistently affect the overall health and well-being of rural populations.Village health volunteers(VHVs)play a crucial role in advancing oral health literacy in their community.This study aimed to examine the factors related to nutritional literacy for oral health among VHVs.Methods:This was a mixed-methods study employing an explanatory sequential design.The quantitative data were gathered through questionnaires distributed to a cohort of 10,514 VHVs registered in Health Region 1.A stratified random sampling technique was used to ensure adequate representation of various subgroups within the VHV population,considering factors such as age,education level,and geographical distribution across the region.This approach allowed for a more representative sample that accurately reflects the diversity of the VHV population.Qualitative data were obtained through semi-structured interviews with a purposive sampling of 20 participants based on specific criteria.Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and biserial correlation techniques,while qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis.Results:The study found that the sample group possessed a moderate level of knowledge of health literacy principles and nutrition for oral health.However,their self-assessed skills in nutritional literacy for oral health were rated as high.A statistically significant negative correlation was found between knowledge of nutrition for oral health and skills in nutritional literacy for oral health.VHVs equated health literacy with knowledge because their public health training had focused more on imparting knowledge rather than developing skills based on health literacy principles.Conclusion:There is a need to emphasize skill-based health literacy training and to use effective skill development techniques that are tailored to the specific roles and responsibilities of health volunteers.It is also recommended to continuously monitor and evaluate the outcomes of these efforts.展开更多
Oral submucous fibrosis(OSF),characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix(ECM)that causes oral mucosal tissue sclerosis,and even cancer transformation,is a chronic,progressive fibrosis disease.However...Oral submucous fibrosis(OSF),characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix(ECM)that causes oral mucosal tissue sclerosis,and even cancer transformation,is a chronic,progressive fibrosis disease.However,despite some advancements in recent years,no targeted antifibrotic strategies for OSF have been approved;likely because the complicated mechanisms that initiate and drive fibrosis remain to be determined.In this review,we briefly introduce the epidemiology and etiology of OSF.Then,we highlight how cell-intrinsic changes in significant structural cells can drive fibrotic response by regulating biological behaviors,secretion function,and activation of ECM-producing myofibroblasts.In addition,we also discuss the role of innate and adaptive immune cells and how they contribute to the pathogenesis of OSF.Finally,we summarize strategies to interrupt key mechanisms that cause OSF,including modulation of the ECM,inhibition of inflammation,improvement of vascular disturbance.This review will provide potential routes for developing novel anti-OSF therapeutics.展开更多
Understanding microbial-host interactions in the oral cavity is essential for elucidating oral disease pathogenesis and its systemic implications.In vitro bacteria-host cell coculture models have enabled fundamental s...Understanding microbial-host interactions in the oral cavity is essential for elucidating oral disease pathogenesis and its systemic implications.In vitro bacteria-host cell coculture models have enabled fundamental studies to characterize bacterial infection and host responses in a reductionist yet reproducible manner.However,existing in vitro coculture models fail to establish conditions that are suitable for the growth of both mammalian cells and anaerobes,thereby hindering a comprehensive understanding of their interactions.Here,we present an asymmetric gas coculture system that simulates the oral microenvironment by maintaining distinct normoxic and anaerobic conditions for gingival epithelial cells and anaerobic bacteria,respectively.Using a key oral pathobiont,Fusobacterium nucleatum,as the primary test bed,we demonstrate that the system preserves bacterial viability and supports the integrity of telomerase-immortalized gingival keratinocytes.Compared to conventional models,this system enhanced bacterial invasion,elevated intracellular bacterial loads,and elicited more robust host pro-inflammatory responses,including increased secretion of CXCL10,IL-6,and IL-8.In addition,the model enabled precise evaluation of antibiotic efficacy against intracellular pathogens.Finally,we validate the ability of the asymmetric system to support the proliferation of a more oxygen-sensitive oral pathobiont,Porphyromonas gingivalis.These results underscore the utility of this coculture platform for studying oral microbial pathogenesis and screening therapeutics,offering a physiologically relevant approach to advance oral and systemic health research.展开更多
BACKGROUND Celiac disease(CD)is an autoimmune disease triggered by the ingestion of gluten in genetically predisposed individuals.It is more commonly diagnosed in children presenting typical clinical signs and symptom...BACKGROUND Celiac disease(CD)is an autoimmune disease triggered by the ingestion of gluten in genetically predisposed individuals.It is more commonly diagnosed in children presenting typical clinical signs and symptoms but most of the CD patients diagnosed in the developed world are silent cases with no prominent gastrointestinal features.Thus,there are silent forms of the disease in which oral manifestations are the first sign.In the pediatric population oral health can affect growth and self-esteem and have a negative impact in their life quality.AIM To assess the prevalence and types of oral manifestations in pediatric patients with CD.METHODS We performed a comprehensive literature search in PubMed,Scielo,Cochrane Library and Lilacs databases from 2014-2024.Three independent researchers screened and extracted the information,applying the eligibility criteria and bias was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute tools.RESULTS Of the initial 241 articles,14 studies fulfilled the proposed objectives and were included in the review.The main oral manifestations found were recurrent aphthous stomatitis and enamel defects.Additionally,delayed tooth eruption,angular cheilitis,glossodynia and xerostomia were also reported.CONCLUSION Assessing oral manifestations is crucial,especially in underdiagnosed cases of children with CD.Recognizing these signs helps pediatricians or general practitioners identify them during routine exams,enabling early diagnosis and treatment to prevent negative impacts on the child’s and family’s quality of life.展开更多
BACKGROUND Antithrombotic strategies after percutaneous coronary interventions(PCI)in elderly patients on oral anticoagulant therapy(OAT)are debated due to the balance between ischemic and bleeding risks.Recent guidel...BACKGROUND Antithrombotic strategies after percutaneous coronary interventions(PCI)in elderly patients on oral anticoagulant therapy(OAT)are debated due to the balance between ischemic and bleeding risks.Recent guidelines recommend early transitioning from triple antithrombotic therapy to dual antithrombotic therapy,but there are limited data on elderly patients.METHODS We performed a post-hoc age-specific analysis of the PERSEO Registry population aimed to compare clinical features,therapeutic strategies,and outcomes of individuals aged≥80 years and<80 years who were on OAT and underwent PCI with stent.The primary endpoint was net adverse clinical events at 1-year follow-up.Secondary endpoints included major adverse cardiac and cerebral events(MACCE),major bleeding[Bleeding Academic Research Consortium(BARC)type 3–5],and clinically relevant bleeding(BARC type 2-5).RESULTS Among the 1234 patients enrolled,31%of patients were aged≥80 years(84±3 years,76% males).Compared to younger patients,elderly patients had higher rates of comorbidities such as hypertension,anaemia or chronic kidney disease,and atrial fibrillation was the leading indication for OAT.Elderly patients were more often discharged on dual antithrombotic therapy(23%)compared to younger patients(13%)(P<0.0001).They experienced higher net adverse clinical events(38%vs.21%,P<0.001),MACCE(24%vs.12%,P<0.001),as well as higher bleeding rates.Specifically,rates of major bleeding(9%vs.6%,P=0.026),and clinically relevant bleeding(21%vs.12%,P<0.001)were significantly higher in elderly patients.CONCLUSIONS Elderly patients on OAT undergoing PCI are a particular frail population with higher risk of MACCE and bleeding compared to younger patients despite a less aggressive antithrombotic therapy.展开更多
Per oral endoscopic myotomy(POEM)is rapidly emerging as the treatment of choice for achalasia cardia,but its success is marred by problematic reflux.Although symptomatic reflux rates are low and often comparable to th...Per oral endoscopic myotomy(POEM)is rapidly emerging as the treatment of choice for achalasia cardia,but its success is marred by problematic reflux.Although symptomatic reflux rates are low and often comparable to that after laparoscopic Hellers myotomy(LHM),a high incidence of pathologic reflux has been noted after POEM.This poses a dilemma as to what is true reflux,and in determining the indications and optimal endpoints for managing post-POEM reflux.The two pertinent reasons for the difference in reflux rates between LHM and POEM are the variation in length and location of myotomy and the absence of an anti-reflux procedure in POEM.Proton pump inhibitor remains the most sought-after treatment of POEM derived reflux.Nevertheless,modifications in the procedural technique of POEM and the addition of endoscopic fundoplication can probably emerge as a game changer.This article briefly reviews the incidence,causes,controversies,predictive factors,and management strategies related to post-POEM reflux.展开更多
The oral cavity is a complex physiological community encompassing a wide range of microorganisms.Dysbiosis of oral microbiota can lead to various oral infectious diseases,such as periodontitis and tooth decay,and even...The oral cavity is a complex physiological community encompassing a wide range of microorganisms.Dysbiosis of oral microbiota can lead to various oral infectious diseases,such as periodontitis and tooth decay,and even affect systemic health,including brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases.Recent studies have highlighted how oral microbes might be involved in brain aging and neurodegeneration,indicating potential avenues for intervention strategies.In this review,we summarize clinical evidence demonstrating a link between oral microbes/oral infectious diseases and brain aging/neurodegenerative diseases,and dissect potential mechanisms by which oral microbes contribute to brain aging and neurodegeneration.We also highlight advances in therapeutic development grounded in the realm of oral microbes,with the goal of advancing brain health and promoting healthy aging.展开更多
Optimal health during pregnancy is crucial for ensuring the well-being of the mother and the developing fetus.This article is focused on the impact of oral health and the role of personalized oral hygiene management i...Optimal health during pregnancy is crucial for ensuring the well-being of the mother and the developing fetus.This article is focused on the impact of oral health and the role of personalized oral hygiene management in addressing prevalent dental issues among pregnant women,with particular emphasis on periodontal disease and dental caries.Despite the high prevalence of these dental problems and their association with obstetric complications such as pre-term birth and low birth weight,many pregnant women do not receive adequate dental care.This gap in care is often due to misconceptions about the safety of dental treat-ments during pregnancy and lack of awareness on the part of healthcare profes-sionals.Appreciations of the impacts of oral health and personalization of oral hygiene strategies such as tailored education and support,have proven effective in improving oral health in this population.Significant reductions in the incidence of caries and periodontal disease may be achieved by adapting care to the specific needs of each patient,thereby enhancing maternal and fetal health outcomes.Integration of personalized oral hygiene management into maternal health pro-grams and enhancement of ongoing education for pregnant women and healthcare professionals are essential steps in the reduction of pregnancy-related risks and improvement of maternal and neonatal well-being.Core Tip:In this article,we reviewed a recent study on the effects of personalized oral hygiene management on the oral health of pregnant women,as discussed in the article by Men et al.The study demonstrated that personalized oral hygiene interventions significantly improved oral health outcomes during pregnancy by reducing the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease.We emphasized the importance of individualized oral care programs that integrate education and tailored support,and we highlighted their significance in enhancing maternal and fetal health.This approach underscores the need for incorporating personalized oral hygiene management into routine prenatal care in order to optimize health outcomes.CONCLUSION This article emphasizes the critical role of personalized oral hygiene management in improving oral health during pregnancy.By tailoring oral care strategies to individual needs,significant improvements in dental health may be achieved,as evidenced by the reduced CAT scores observed in the experimental group in the study by Men et al[25].This personalized approach not only addresses common oral issues such as dental caries and periodontal disease but also underscores the broader implications for maternal and fetal health.Despite the positive results,there remains a gap in consistency in the application of oral health practices during pregnancy,partly due to misconceptions and lack of awareness among patients and healthcare providers.Future research should aim at validating these findings across diverse populations,investigating the impact of oral hygiene interventions at various stages of pregnancy,and evaluating their long-term effects on maternal and fetal health.Integrating personalized oral hygiene management into maternal health programs and promoting continuous education for pregnant women and healthcare professionals are essential steps toward enhancing overall health outcomes.By proactively managing oral health,the risks associated with pregnancy may be reduced while improving maternal and neonatal well-being.展开更多
BACKGROUND One of the main characteristics of oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)is that it metastasizes to cervical lymph nodes frequently with a high degree of local invasiveness.A primary feature of malignant tumors...BACKGROUND One of the main characteristics of oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)is that it metastasizes to cervical lymph nodes frequently with a high degree of local invasiveness.A primary feature of malignant tumors is their penetration of neighboring tissues,such as lymphatic and blood arteries,due to the tumor cells'capacity to break down the extracellular matrix(ECM).Matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs)constitute a family of proteolytic enzymes that facilitate tissue remodeling and the degradation of the ECM.MMP-9 and MMP-13 belong to the group of extracellular matrix degrading enzymes and their expression has been studied in OSCC because of their specific functions.MMP-13,a collagenase family member,is thought to play an essential role in the MMP activation cascade by breaking down the fibrillar collagens,whereas MMP-9 is thought to accelerate the growth of tumors.Elevated MMP-13 expression has been associated with tumor behavior and patient prognosis in a number of malignant cases.AIM To assess the immunohistochemical expression of MMP-9 and MMP-13 in OSCC.METHODS A total of 40 cases with histologically confirmed OSCC by incisional biopsy were included in this cross-sectional retrospective study.The protocols for both MMP-9 and MMP-13 immunohistochemical staining were performed according to the manufacturer’s recommendations along with the normal gingival epithelium as a positive control.All the observations were recorded and Pearson’sχ²test with Fisher exact test was used for statistical analysis.RESULTS Our study showed no significant correlation between MMP-9 and MMP-13 staining intensity and tumor size.The majority of the patients were in advanced TNM stages(III and IV),and showed intense expression of MMP-9 and MMP-13.CONCLUSION The present study suggests that both MMP-9 and MMP-13 play an important and independent role in OSCC progression and invasiveness.Intense expression of MMP-9 and MMP-13,irrespective of histological grade of OSCC,correlates well with TNM stage.Consequently,it is evident that MMP-9 and MMP-13 are important for the invasiveness and progression of tumors.The findings may facilitate the development of new approaches for evaluating lymph node metastases and interventional therapy techniques,hence enhancing the prognosis of patients diagnosed with OSCC.展开更多
Oral cancer is one of the malignant neoplasms that present major global health challenge.It is the sixth most prevalent type of cancer in the world,with a high incidence and mortality rate.This letter is a review of t...Oral cancer is one of the malignant neoplasms that present major global health challenge.It is the sixth most prevalent type of cancer in the world,with a high incidence and mortality rate.This letter is a review of the study by Yin et al which was published in the World Journal of Clinical Cases(2024).The study evaluated the effect of Tongluo Jiedu as an adjuvant treatment for oral cancer.Over the years,there has been a continuous search for effective and less invasive treatments for oral cancer.This article emphasizes and discusses various therapeutic options currently available,and it highlights that early intervention and multidisciplinary management are crucial for improving outcomes.Traditional Chinese medicine,particularly Tongluo Jiedu,presents potential complementary approach to co-nventional oral cancer therapies.Future research on Tongluo Jiedu should be focused on validation of its efficacy and safety through large,well-designed clinical trials,as well as better understanding of the molecular mechanisms in-volved,and optimization of therapeutic combinations.Additionally,continuous education of health professionals is key to the effective and safe integration of this traditional medicine into clinical practice.Continuous research is essential for optimization of therapeutic strategies and for addressing the challenges presented by this neoplasm.展开更多
Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)is the most common head and neck malignancy worldwide,accounting for more than 90%of all oral cancers,and is characterized by high invasiveness and poor long-term prognosis.Its etiolo...Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)is the most common head and neck malignancy worldwide,accounting for more than 90%of all oral cancers,and is characterized by high invasiveness and poor long-term prognosis.Its etiology is multifactorial,involving tobacco use,alcohol consumption,and human papillomavirus(HPV)infection.Oral leukoplakia and erythroplakia are the main precancerous lesions lesions,with oral leukoplakia being the most common.Both OSCC and premalignant lesions are closely associated with aberrant activation of multiple signaling pathways.Post-translational modifications(such as ubiquitination and deubiquitination)play key roles in regulating these pathways by controlling protein stability and activity.Growing evidence indicates that dysregulated ubiquitination/deubiquitination can mediate OSCC initiation and progression via aberrant activation of signaling pathways.The ubiquitination/deubiquitination process mainly involves E3 ligases(E3s)that catalyze substrate ubiquitination,deubiquitinating enzymes(DUBs)that remove ubiquitin chains,and the 26S proteasome complex that degrades ubiquitinated substrates.Abnormal expression or mutation of E3s and DUBs can lead to altered stability of critical tumorrelated proteins,thereby driving OSCC initiation and progression.Therefore,understanding the aberrantly activated signaling pathways in OSCC and the ubiquitination/deubiquitination mechanisms within these pathways will help elucidate the molecular mechanisms and improve OSCC treatment by targeting relevant components.Here,we summarize four aberrantly activated signaling pathways in OSCC―the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway,Wnt/β-catenin pathway,Hippo pathway,and canonical NF-κB pathway―and systematically review the regulatory mechanisms of ubiquitination/deubiquitination within these pathways,along with potential drug targets.PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is aberrantly activated in approximately 70%of OSCC cases.It is modulated by E3s(e.g.,FBXW7 and NEDD4)and DUBs(e.g.,USP7 and USP10):FBXW7 and USP10 inhibit signaling,while NEDD4 and USP7 potentiate it.Aberrant activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway leads toβ-catenin nuclear translocation and induction of cell proliferation.This pathway is modulated by E3s(e.g.,c-Cbl and RNF43)and DUBs(e.g.,USP9X and USP20):c-Cbl and RNF43 inhibit signaling,while USP9X and USP20 potentiate it.Hippo pathway inactivation permits YAP/TAZ to enter the nucleus and promotes cancer cell metastasis.This pathway is modulated by E3s(e.g.,CRL4^(DCAF1) and SIAH2)and DUBs(e.g.,USP1 and USP21):CRL4^(DCAF1) and SIAH2 inhibit signaling,while USP1 and USP21 potentiate it.Persistent activation of the canonical NF-κB pathway is associated with an inflammatory microenvironment and chemotherapy resistance.This pathway is modulated by E3s(e.g.,TRAF6 and LUBAC)and DUBs(e.g.,A20 and CYLD):A20 and CYLD inhibit signaling,while TRAF6 and LUBAC potentiate it.Targeting these E3s and DUBs provides directions for OSCC drug research.Small-molecule inhibitors such as YCH2823(a USP7 inhibitor),GSK2643943A(a USP20 inhibitor),and HOIPIN-8(a LUBAC inhibitor)have shown promising antitumor activity in preclinical models;PROTAC molecules,by binding to surface sites of target proteins and recruiting E3s,achieve targeted ubiquitination and degradation of proteins insensitive to small-molecule inhibitors,for example,PU7-1-mediated USP7 degradation,offering new strategies to overcome traditional drug limitations.Currently,NX-1607(a Cbl-b inhibitor)has entered phase I clinical trials,with preliminary results confirming its safety and antitumor activity.Future research on aberrant E3s and DUBs in OSCC and the development of highly specific inhibitors will be of great significance for OSCC precision therapy.展开更多
The integration of digital technologies into oral health care is transforming the field, driving advancements in diagnostic precision, patient engagement, and access to care. This review evaluates the impact of mobile...The integration of digital technologies into oral health care is transforming the field, driving advancements in diagnostic precision, patient engagement, and access to care. This review evaluates the impact of mobile health (mHealth) applications, tele-dentistry, artificial intelligence (AI), wearable devices, and advanced imaging systems on modern dentistry. Synthesizing findings from 125 studies published between 2010 and 2024, the paper identifies key achievements, including improved patient compliance, enhanced diagnostic capabilities, and expanded access to care in underserved areas. Tele-dentistry has been pivotal in bridging geographical gaps, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, while AI tools have revolutionized diagnostics and personalized treatment planning. Wearable devices and mHealth applications have empowered patients with real-time feedback, fostering sustained adherence to oral hygiene practices. The review also highlights the potential of digital tools to reduce healthcare disparities and operational costs, paving the way for more equitable and efficient dental care. By outlining critical advancements and future directions, this paper underscores the transformative potential of digital health technologies in dentistry. It advocates for further research on data security, interoperability, and innovative applications of AI to maximize the benefits of these tools, ultimately shaping a more accessible and patient-focused oral health ecosystem.展开更多
Menopause is characterized by the cessation of menstruation and a decline in reproductive function,which is an intrinsic component of the aging process.However,it has been a frequently overlooked field of women’s hea...Menopause is characterized by the cessation of menstruation and a decline in reproductive function,which is an intrinsic component of the aging process.However,it has been a frequently overlooked field of women’s health.The oral and gut microbiota,constituting the largest ecosystem within the human body,are important for maintaining human health and notably contribute to the healthy aging of menopausal women.Therefore,a comprehensive review elucidating the impact of the gut and oral microbiota on menopause for healthy aging is of paramount importance.This paper presents the current understanding of the microbiome during menopause,with a particular focus on alterations in the oral and gut microbiota.Our study elucidates the complex interplay between the microbiome and sex hormone levels,explores microbial crosstalk dynamics,and investigates the associations between the microbiome and diseases linked to menopause.Additionally,this review explores the potential of microbiome-targeting therapies for managing menopause-related diseases.Given that menopause can last for approximately 30 years,gaining insights into how the microbiome and menopause interact could pave the way for innovative interventions,which may result in symptomatic relief from menopause and an increase in quality of life in women.展开更多
BACKGROUND Post-operative massive hemorrhage is a critical concern in oral cancer surgery,associated with severe complications and heightened morbidity and mortality rates.CASE SUMMARY A 46-year-old male with advanced...BACKGROUND Post-operative massive hemorrhage is a critical concern in oral cancer surgery,associated with severe complications and heightened morbidity and mortality rates.CASE SUMMARY A 46-year-old male with advanced poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma(ypT4aN3bN0M0)of the oral floor underwent extensive surgery,including total glossectomy,partial mandibulectomy,and free flap reconstruction.Postoperatively,he developed life-threatening hemorrhage on day 3 due to wound dehiscence.Rapid nursing interventions-prompt suture removal,pressure hemostasis,and multidisciplinary collaboration-controlled bleeding.Postoperative care emphasized hemodynamic monitoring,infection prevention,and rehabilitation.Despite comorbidities(hypertension,diabetes,prior stroke),the patient achieved functional recovery:Oral flap epithelialization,restored swallowing(water swallow test:Grade 1),70% tongue mobility,and 80% preoperative chewing efficiency at 6-month follow-up.This case underscores the critical role of structured nursing protocols in managing postoperative hemorrhage and optimizing outcomes in high-risk oral cancer surgery.CONCLUSION This case report highlights the pivotal role of structured nursing interventions in managing life-threatening postoperative hemorrhage following complex oral cancer surgery.By integrating meticulous preoperative risk stratification,intraoperative hemostatic collaboration,and vigilant postoperative monitoring(e.g.,timely suture management,pressure hemostasis,blood product administration),the interdisciplinary team achieved rapid hemorrhage control.Comprehensive psychological care and rehabilitation protocols further facilitated functional recovery,enabling the patient to regain swallowing,speech,and mobility despite advanced disease and comorbidities.The findings underscore that standardized nursing workflows,balancing procedural rigor with holistic patient support,are essential for mitigating complications and enhancing outcomes in high-risk head and neck surgical populations.展开更多
Cancer remains a major global health concern,with escalating incidence and mortality rates underscoring the urgent need for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.Increasing evidence has identified the oral micro...Cancer remains a major global health concern,with escalating incidence and mortality rates underscoring the urgent need for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.Increasing evidence has identified the oral microbiota as a critical contributor to tumorigenesis,thereby expanding the understanding of cancer pathogenesis beyond conventional risk factors such as tobacco use and genetic predisposition.This review summarizes recent progress in elucidating the complex relationship between the oral microbiota and various malignancies,particularly oral squamous cell carcinoma,esophageal adenocarcinoma,and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Pathogenic bacteria,including Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum,have been implicated in promoting tumor progression through mechanisms involving chronic inflammation,the production of metabolic toxins,and immune evasion.The dysbiosis of the oral microbiota,often driven by lifestyle factors such as poor diet,tobacco use,and alcohol consumption,further exacerbates these carcinogenic processes.Emerging therapeutic approaches including probiotics,oral microbiota transplantation,and CRISPR-based bacterial editing are under investigation for their potential to restore microbial homeostasis and suppress pathogenic species.Additionally,saliva-based microbial biomarkers have shown promise for non-invasive cancer screening.The integration of multi-omics technologies and artificial intelligence-driven platforms is further advancing the development of precision oncology.This review aims to consolidate fragmented findings concerning the oral microbiota-cancer axis and address existing gaps in mechanistic understanding.The review’s significance lies in the translational potential of microbial research to clinical applications,offering opportunities to reduce the global cancer burden through early detection and microbiota-targeted therapies.展开更多
Oral ulcers may greatly diminish patient life quality and potentially result in malignant transformations.Using gels or films as pseudomembrane barriers is an effective method for promoting ulcer healing.However,these...Oral ulcers may greatly diminish patient life quality and potentially result in malignant transformations.Using gels or films as pseudomembrane barriers is an effective method for promoting ulcer healing.However,these pseudomembranes face challenges such as saliva flushing,dynamic changes,and the presence of abundant microorganisms in the complex oral environment.Herein,we developed an injectable,photoinduction,in situ-enhanceable oral ulcer repair hydrogel(named as GIL2)by incorporating dynamic phenylboronic acid ester bonds and imidazole ions into a methacrylated gelatin matrix.GIL2 exhibited rapid gelation(3 s),low swelling properties(1.07 g/g),robust tensile strength(56.83 kPa)and high adhesive strength(63.38 kPa),allowing it to adhere effectively to the ulcer surface.Moreover,the GIL2 demonstrated intrinsic antibacterial and antioxidant qualities.Within a diabetic rat model for oral ulcers,GIL2 effectively eased oxidative stress and decreased the inflammation present in ulcerated wounds,thereby greatly hastening the healing process of these ulcers.Together,GIL2 hydrogel demonstrates remarkable adaptability within the oral milieu,revitalizing clinical strategy advancements for treating bacterialinfected oral ulcers.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hypobaric hypoxia exposure(HHE)often causes neuropsychiatric disorders.Due to its complex mechanism,efficient strategies for alleviating HHE-induced anxiety-and depression-like behaviors remain limited.AIM ...BACKGROUND Hypobaric hypoxia exposure(HHE)often causes neuropsychiatric disorders.Due to its complex mechanism,efficient strategies for alleviating HHE-induced anxiety-and depression-like behaviors remain limited.AIM To characterize alterations in the oral and gut microbiota following HHE and to explore a potential microbiota-based intervention to mitigate associated psychiatric symptoms.METHODS C57BL/6J mice were exposed to simulated high-altitude hypoxia(5000 m)for 1,3,5,or 7 days.Behavioral assessments,including the open field test,elevated plus maze,and forced swim test,were conducted to evaluate anxiety-and depressionlike behaviors.Oral and fecal microbiota were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing to assess changes in microbial composition and diversity.Immunofluorescence staining was performed to examine c-Fos expression in brain nuclei.A probiotic formulation containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus(L.rhamnosus)DSM17648,Lactobacillus acidophilus DDS-1,and L.rhamnosus UALR-06 was administered to mice subjected to one day of HHE(HH1)to evaluate its therapeutic efficacy.RESULTS Behavioral tests revealed that HHE caused anxiety-and depression-like behaviors,which were most pronounced after 1 day of exposure.The IF data revealed significantly increased expression of c-Fos in various brain nuclei after HHE,including the anterior cingulate cortex,paraventricular thalamic nucleus,lateral habenula nucleus,paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus,lateral hypothalamus,and periaqueductal gray.The 16S rRNA sequencing results demonstrated a sharp decline in the abundance of Lactobacillus in the oral microbiota of mice exposed to HH1 and a marked decrease in the abundance of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in the fecal microbiota of mice exposed to three days of HHE.Finally,oral administration and gavage of Lactobacillus significantly alleviated anxiety-and depression-like behaviors in HH1 mice.CONCLUSION HHE caused significant variations in the oral and fecal microbiota of mice.Lactobacillus supplementation alleviated anxiety-and depression-like behaviors in mice.Improving oral flora may relieve HHE-induced psychiatric disorders.展开更多
Minks are highly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2,and have transmitted SARS-CoV-2 to humans.Oral immunization is one of the most promising strategies to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission in minks.Here,we generate...Minks are highly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2,and have transmitted SARS-CoV-2 to humans.Oral immunization is one of the most promising strategies to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission in minks.Here,we generated 3 recombinant rabies viruses(RABV),rERAG_(333E)/S6P,rERAG_(333E)/DS6P and rERAG_(333E)/BA2S6P,expressing the prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spike protein of wild-type(S6P),δ(DS6P)or BA.2(BA2S6P)strain based on an oral rabies vaccine candidate(rERAG_(333E)).Oral or inactivated immunization of the 3 RABVs monovalent or trivalent were safe,and induced robust RABV neutralizing antibody and cross-antibody responses against the three SARS-CoV-2 in mice and minks.The challenge tests showed that 2 doses of rERAG_(333E)-S6P as an oral or inactivated vaccine completely protected mice against mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 infection in the upper and lower respiratory tracts,and largely prevented viral replication and lung damage caused by wild-type SARS-CoV-2infection in minks.Notably,we also confirmed that 2 doses of rERAG_(333E)-S6P as an oral or inactivated vaccine can largely protect minks against wild-type SARS-CoV-2 transmission via respiratory droplets.Our findings suggest that rERAG_(333E)-based COVID-19 vaccines appear to be suitable oral candidates to protect minks from SARS-CoV-2infection and transmission,and may serve as inactivated vaccines for further investigation in humans.展开更多
Background:Picropodophllotoxin(PPT),a principal component of Podophyllum hexandrum root,demonstrates various beneficial biological activities in multiple cancer types,including antitumor and antiproliferative properti...Background:Picropodophllotoxin(PPT),a principal component of Podophyllum hexandrum root,demonstrates various beneficial biological activities in multiple cancer types,including antitumor and antiproliferative properties.Despite its known effects,the specific mechanisms by which PPT induces apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)cells lack full clarification.Aims:This study aimed to evaluate the role of PPT in inducing apoptosis in OSCC cells by targeting signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)and to investigate the underlying molecular pathways.Methods:Human OSCC cell lines(HN22 and HSC4)were treated with PPT.Cell viability,colony formation,and apoptotic morphological changes were evaluated.Reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation and mitochondrial function were assessed using tetramethyl rhodamine methyl ester,MitoSOX,and 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate(DCFH-DA)assays following PPT treatment.The expression of apoptosis markers,including cleaved Poly(ADP-Ribose)Polymerase(c-PARP)and other target proteins,was measured using western blotting.ROS involvement was further confirmed using the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine(NAC).Results:Treatment with PPT resulted in a substantial reduction in cell viability,a decrease in colony formation capacity,and evident morphological changes in OSCC cells.These effects were dose-and time-dependent,as evidenced by increased expression of c-PARP.PPT-induced apoptosis was mediated by excessive ROS generation,which was almost completely blocked by NAC pretreatment.Conclusions:These findings suggest that PPT may serve as a promising therapeutic agent for treating human oral cancer by inhibiting the STAT3 pathway and inducing ROS-mediated apoptosis.展开更多
基金the National Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Prevention and Treatment of Open Subject Project(SKLOD2024OF04)Luzhou City Science and Technology Plan Project(2023RCX171)Sichuan Province Medical Research Project Program(S23043)。
文摘Decorin(DCN)is primarily found in the connective tissues of various parts of the body,including the lungs,kidneys,bone tissue,aorta,and tendons.It is an important component of the extracellular matrix(ECM)and belongs to the class I small leucine-rich proteoglycans family.DCN is increasingly attracting attention due to its significant role in tumors,fibrotic diseases,and the regulation of vascular formation.Moreover,its anti-tumor properties have positioned it as a promising biomarker in the fight against cancer.Numerous studies have confirmed that DCN can exert inhibitory effects in various solid tumors,particularly in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC),by activating its downstream pathways through binding with the epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)and mesenchymal-epithelial transition(MET)receptor,or by stabilizing and enhancing the expression of the tumor suppressor gene p53 to mediate apoptosis in cancer cells that have undergone mutation.The occurrence of OSCC is a continuous and dynamic process,encompassing the transition from normal mucosa to oral potentially malignant disorders(OPMDs),and further progressing from OPMDs to the malignant transformation into OSCC.We have found that DCN may exhibit a bidirectional effect in the progression of oral mucosal carcinogenesis,showing a trend of initial elevation followed by a decline,which decreases with the differentiation of OSCC.In OPMDs,DCN exhibits high expression and may be associated with malignant transformation,possibly linked to the increased expression of P53 in OPMDs.In OSCC,the expression of DCN is reduced,which can impact OSCC angiogenesis,and inhibit tumor cell proliferation,migration,and invasion capabilities,serving as a potential marker for predicting adverse prognosis in OSCC patients.This article reviews the current research status of DCN,covering its molecular structure,properties,and involvement in the onset and progression of oral mucosal carcinogenesis.It elucidates DCN’s role in this process and aims to offer insights for future investigations into its mechanism of action in oral mucosal carcinogenesis and its potential application in the early diagnosis and treatment of OSCC.
文摘Background:Oral health issues persistently affect the overall health and well-being of rural populations.Village health volunteers(VHVs)play a crucial role in advancing oral health literacy in their community.This study aimed to examine the factors related to nutritional literacy for oral health among VHVs.Methods:This was a mixed-methods study employing an explanatory sequential design.The quantitative data were gathered through questionnaires distributed to a cohort of 10,514 VHVs registered in Health Region 1.A stratified random sampling technique was used to ensure adequate representation of various subgroups within the VHV population,considering factors such as age,education level,and geographical distribution across the region.This approach allowed for a more representative sample that accurately reflects the diversity of the VHV population.Qualitative data were obtained through semi-structured interviews with a purposive sampling of 20 participants based on specific criteria.Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and biserial correlation techniques,while qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis.Results:The study found that the sample group possessed a moderate level of knowledge of health literacy principles and nutrition for oral health.However,their self-assessed skills in nutritional literacy for oral health were rated as high.A statistically significant negative correlation was found between knowledge of nutrition for oral health and skills in nutritional literacy for oral health.VHVs equated health literacy with knowledge because their public health training had focused more on imparting knowledge rather than developing skills based on health literacy principles.Conclusion:There is a need to emphasize skill-based health literacy training and to use effective skill development techniques that are tailored to the specific roles and responsibilities of health volunteers.It is also recommended to continuously monitor and evaluate the outcomes of these efforts.
基金study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2402900)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82470989,52103327)+3 种基金The Joint Funds of the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2023JJ60509)The Science and Technology Talent Support Project of the Hunan Provincial Science Popularization Special Project(2023TJ-Z08)Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate(2023ZZTS0218)The Postgraduate Inde-pendent Exploration Innovation Fund of the Central South University(2023ZZTS0987)。
文摘Oral submucous fibrosis(OSF),characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix(ECM)that causes oral mucosal tissue sclerosis,and even cancer transformation,is a chronic,progressive fibrosis disease.However,despite some advancements in recent years,no targeted antifibrotic strategies for OSF have been approved;likely because the complicated mechanisms that initiate and drive fibrosis remain to be determined.In this review,we briefly introduce the epidemiology and etiology of OSF.Then,we highlight how cell-intrinsic changes in significant structural cells can drive fibrotic response by regulating biological behaviors,secretion function,and activation of ECM-producing myofibroblasts.In addition,we also discuss the role of innate and adaptive immune cells and how they contribute to the pathogenesis of OSF.Finally,we summarize strategies to interrupt key mechanisms that cause OSF,including modulation of the ECM,inhibition of inflammation,improvement of vascular disturbance.This review will provide potential routes for developing novel anti-OSF therapeutics.
基金supported by National Science Foundation CAREER (2238972)National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research awards (R03DE031329 and R01DE030943)The Translational Tissue Modeling Laboratory is supported by the University of Michigan (Center for Gastrointestinal Research,Office of the Dean, Comprehensive Cancer Center, and the Departments of Pathology, Pharmacology, and Internal Medicine) with additional funding from the Endowment for Basic Sciences
文摘Understanding microbial-host interactions in the oral cavity is essential for elucidating oral disease pathogenesis and its systemic implications.In vitro bacteria-host cell coculture models have enabled fundamental studies to characterize bacterial infection and host responses in a reductionist yet reproducible manner.However,existing in vitro coculture models fail to establish conditions that are suitable for the growth of both mammalian cells and anaerobes,thereby hindering a comprehensive understanding of their interactions.Here,we present an asymmetric gas coculture system that simulates the oral microenvironment by maintaining distinct normoxic and anaerobic conditions for gingival epithelial cells and anaerobic bacteria,respectively.Using a key oral pathobiont,Fusobacterium nucleatum,as the primary test bed,we demonstrate that the system preserves bacterial viability and supports the integrity of telomerase-immortalized gingival keratinocytes.Compared to conventional models,this system enhanced bacterial invasion,elevated intracellular bacterial loads,and elicited more robust host pro-inflammatory responses,including increased secretion of CXCL10,IL-6,and IL-8.In addition,the model enabled precise evaluation of antibiotic efficacy against intracellular pathogens.Finally,we validate the ability of the asymmetric system to support the proliferation of a more oxygen-sensitive oral pathobiont,Porphyromonas gingivalis.These results underscore the utility of this coculture platform for studying oral microbial pathogenesis and screening therapeutics,offering a physiologically relevant approach to advance oral and systemic health research.
文摘BACKGROUND Celiac disease(CD)is an autoimmune disease triggered by the ingestion of gluten in genetically predisposed individuals.It is more commonly diagnosed in children presenting typical clinical signs and symptoms but most of the CD patients diagnosed in the developed world are silent cases with no prominent gastrointestinal features.Thus,there are silent forms of the disease in which oral manifestations are the first sign.In the pediatric population oral health can affect growth and self-esteem and have a negative impact in their life quality.AIM To assess the prevalence and types of oral manifestations in pediatric patients with CD.METHODS We performed a comprehensive literature search in PubMed,Scielo,Cochrane Library and Lilacs databases from 2014-2024.Three independent researchers screened and extracted the information,applying the eligibility criteria and bias was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute tools.RESULTS Of the initial 241 articles,14 studies fulfilled the proposed objectives and were included in the review.The main oral manifestations found were recurrent aphthous stomatitis and enamel defects.Additionally,delayed tooth eruption,angular cheilitis,glossodynia and xerostomia were also reported.CONCLUSION Assessing oral manifestations is crucial,especially in underdiagnosed cases of children with CD.Recognizing these signs helps pediatricians or general practitioners identify them during routine exams,enabling early diagnosis and treatment to prevent negative impacts on the child’s and family’s quality of life.
基金was given by a 2017 Research Grant of the Italian Society of Interventional Cardiology (SICI-GISE)
文摘BACKGROUND Antithrombotic strategies after percutaneous coronary interventions(PCI)in elderly patients on oral anticoagulant therapy(OAT)are debated due to the balance between ischemic and bleeding risks.Recent guidelines recommend early transitioning from triple antithrombotic therapy to dual antithrombotic therapy,but there are limited data on elderly patients.METHODS We performed a post-hoc age-specific analysis of the PERSEO Registry population aimed to compare clinical features,therapeutic strategies,and outcomes of individuals aged≥80 years and<80 years who were on OAT and underwent PCI with stent.The primary endpoint was net adverse clinical events at 1-year follow-up.Secondary endpoints included major adverse cardiac and cerebral events(MACCE),major bleeding[Bleeding Academic Research Consortium(BARC)type 3–5],and clinically relevant bleeding(BARC type 2-5).RESULTS Among the 1234 patients enrolled,31%of patients were aged≥80 years(84±3 years,76% males).Compared to younger patients,elderly patients had higher rates of comorbidities such as hypertension,anaemia or chronic kidney disease,and atrial fibrillation was the leading indication for OAT.Elderly patients were more often discharged on dual antithrombotic therapy(23%)compared to younger patients(13%)(P<0.0001).They experienced higher net adverse clinical events(38%vs.21%,P<0.001),MACCE(24%vs.12%,P<0.001),as well as higher bleeding rates.Specifically,rates of major bleeding(9%vs.6%,P=0.026),and clinically relevant bleeding(21%vs.12%,P<0.001)were significantly higher in elderly patients.CONCLUSIONS Elderly patients on OAT undergoing PCI are a particular frail population with higher risk of MACCE and bleeding compared to younger patients despite a less aggressive antithrombotic therapy.
文摘Per oral endoscopic myotomy(POEM)is rapidly emerging as the treatment of choice for achalasia cardia,but its success is marred by problematic reflux.Although symptomatic reflux rates are low and often comparable to that after laparoscopic Hellers myotomy(LHM),a high incidence of pathologic reflux has been noted after POEM.This poses a dilemma as to what is true reflux,and in determining the indications and optimal endpoints for managing post-POEM reflux.The two pertinent reasons for the difference in reflux rates between LHM and POEM are the variation in length and location of myotomy and the absence of an anti-reflux procedure in POEM.Proton pump inhibitor remains the most sought-after treatment of POEM derived reflux.Nevertheless,modifications in the procedural technique of POEM and the addition of endoscopic fundoplication can probably emerge as a game changer.This article briefly reviews the incidence,causes,controversies,predictive factors,and management strategies related to post-POEM reflux.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81921006(to GHL)。
文摘The oral cavity is a complex physiological community encompassing a wide range of microorganisms.Dysbiosis of oral microbiota can lead to various oral infectious diseases,such as periodontitis and tooth decay,and even affect systemic health,including brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases.Recent studies have highlighted how oral microbes might be involved in brain aging and neurodegeneration,indicating potential avenues for intervention strategies.In this review,we summarize clinical evidence demonstrating a link between oral microbes/oral infectious diseases and brain aging/neurodegenerative diseases,and dissect potential mechanisms by which oral microbes contribute to brain aging and neurodegeneration.We also highlight advances in therapeutic development grounded in the realm of oral microbes,with the goal of advancing brain health and promoting healthy aging.
文摘Optimal health during pregnancy is crucial for ensuring the well-being of the mother and the developing fetus.This article is focused on the impact of oral health and the role of personalized oral hygiene management in addressing prevalent dental issues among pregnant women,with particular emphasis on periodontal disease and dental caries.Despite the high prevalence of these dental problems and their association with obstetric complications such as pre-term birth and low birth weight,many pregnant women do not receive adequate dental care.This gap in care is often due to misconceptions about the safety of dental treat-ments during pregnancy and lack of awareness on the part of healthcare profes-sionals.Appreciations of the impacts of oral health and personalization of oral hygiene strategies such as tailored education and support,have proven effective in improving oral health in this population.Significant reductions in the incidence of caries and periodontal disease may be achieved by adapting care to the specific needs of each patient,thereby enhancing maternal and fetal health outcomes.Integration of personalized oral hygiene management into maternal health pro-grams and enhancement of ongoing education for pregnant women and healthcare professionals are essential steps in the reduction of pregnancy-related risks and improvement of maternal and neonatal well-being.Core Tip:In this article,we reviewed a recent study on the effects of personalized oral hygiene management on the oral health of pregnant women,as discussed in the article by Men et al.The study demonstrated that personalized oral hygiene interventions significantly improved oral health outcomes during pregnancy by reducing the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease.We emphasized the importance of individualized oral care programs that integrate education and tailored support,and we highlighted their significance in enhancing maternal and fetal health.This approach underscores the need for incorporating personalized oral hygiene management into routine prenatal care in order to optimize health outcomes.CONCLUSION This article emphasizes the critical role of personalized oral hygiene management in improving oral health during pregnancy.By tailoring oral care strategies to individual needs,significant improvements in dental health may be achieved,as evidenced by the reduced CAT scores observed in the experimental group in the study by Men et al[25].This personalized approach not only addresses common oral issues such as dental caries and periodontal disease but also underscores the broader implications for maternal and fetal health.Despite the positive results,there remains a gap in consistency in the application of oral health practices during pregnancy,partly due to misconceptions and lack of awareness among patients and healthcare providers.Future research should aim at validating these findings across diverse populations,investigating the impact of oral hygiene interventions at various stages of pregnancy,and evaluating their long-term effects on maternal and fetal health.Integrating personalized oral hygiene management into maternal health programs and promoting continuous education for pregnant women and healthcare professionals are essential steps toward enhancing overall health outcomes.By proactively managing oral health,the risks associated with pregnancy may be reduced while improving maternal and neonatal well-being.
文摘BACKGROUND One of the main characteristics of oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)is that it metastasizes to cervical lymph nodes frequently with a high degree of local invasiveness.A primary feature of malignant tumors is their penetration of neighboring tissues,such as lymphatic and blood arteries,due to the tumor cells'capacity to break down the extracellular matrix(ECM).Matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs)constitute a family of proteolytic enzymes that facilitate tissue remodeling and the degradation of the ECM.MMP-9 and MMP-13 belong to the group of extracellular matrix degrading enzymes and their expression has been studied in OSCC because of their specific functions.MMP-13,a collagenase family member,is thought to play an essential role in the MMP activation cascade by breaking down the fibrillar collagens,whereas MMP-9 is thought to accelerate the growth of tumors.Elevated MMP-13 expression has been associated with tumor behavior and patient prognosis in a number of malignant cases.AIM To assess the immunohistochemical expression of MMP-9 and MMP-13 in OSCC.METHODS A total of 40 cases with histologically confirmed OSCC by incisional biopsy were included in this cross-sectional retrospective study.The protocols for both MMP-9 and MMP-13 immunohistochemical staining were performed according to the manufacturer’s recommendations along with the normal gingival epithelium as a positive control.All the observations were recorded and Pearson’sχ²test with Fisher exact test was used for statistical analysis.RESULTS Our study showed no significant correlation between MMP-9 and MMP-13 staining intensity and tumor size.The majority of the patients were in advanced TNM stages(III and IV),and showed intense expression of MMP-9 and MMP-13.CONCLUSION The present study suggests that both MMP-9 and MMP-13 play an important and independent role in OSCC progression and invasiveness.Intense expression of MMP-9 and MMP-13,irrespective of histological grade of OSCC,correlates well with TNM stage.Consequently,it is evident that MMP-9 and MMP-13 are important for the invasiveness and progression of tumors.The findings may facilitate the development of new approaches for evaluating lymph node metastases and interventional therapy techniques,hence enhancing the prognosis of patients diagnosed with OSCC.
文摘Oral cancer is one of the malignant neoplasms that present major global health challenge.It is the sixth most prevalent type of cancer in the world,with a high incidence and mortality rate.This letter is a review of the study by Yin et al which was published in the World Journal of Clinical Cases(2024).The study evaluated the effect of Tongluo Jiedu as an adjuvant treatment for oral cancer.Over the years,there has been a continuous search for effective and less invasive treatments for oral cancer.This article emphasizes and discusses various therapeutic options currently available,and it highlights that early intervention and multidisciplinary management are crucial for improving outcomes.Traditional Chinese medicine,particularly Tongluo Jiedu,presents potential complementary approach to co-nventional oral cancer therapies.Future research on Tongluo Jiedu should be focused on validation of its efficacy and safety through large,well-designed clinical trials,as well as better understanding of the molecular mechanisms in-volved,and optimization of therapeutic combinations.Additionally,continuous education of health professionals is key to the effective and safe integration of this traditional medicine into clinical practice.Continuous research is essential for optimization of therapeutic strategies and for addressing the challenges presented by this neoplasm.
文摘Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)is the most common head and neck malignancy worldwide,accounting for more than 90%of all oral cancers,and is characterized by high invasiveness and poor long-term prognosis.Its etiology is multifactorial,involving tobacco use,alcohol consumption,and human papillomavirus(HPV)infection.Oral leukoplakia and erythroplakia are the main precancerous lesions lesions,with oral leukoplakia being the most common.Both OSCC and premalignant lesions are closely associated with aberrant activation of multiple signaling pathways.Post-translational modifications(such as ubiquitination and deubiquitination)play key roles in regulating these pathways by controlling protein stability and activity.Growing evidence indicates that dysregulated ubiquitination/deubiquitination can mediate OSCC initiation and progression via aberrant activation of signaling pathways.The ubiquitination/deubiquitination process mainly involves E3 ligases(E3s)that catalyze substrate ubiquitination,deubiquitinating enzymes(DUBs)that remove ubiquitin chains,and the 26S proteasome complex that degrades ubiquitinated substrates.Abnormal expression or mutation of E3s and DUBs can lead to altered stability of critical tumorrelated proteins,thereby driving OSCC initiation and progression.Therefore,understanding the aberrantly activated signaling pathways in OSCC and the ubiquitination/deubiquitination mechanisms within these pathways will help elucidate the molecular mechanisms and improve OSCC treatment by targeting relevant components.Here,we summarize four aberrantly activated signaling pathways in OSCC―the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway,Wnt/β-catenin pathway,Hippo pathway,and canonical NF-κB pathway―and systematically review the regulatory mechanisms of ubiquitination/deubiquitination within these pathways,along with potential drug targets.PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is aberrantly activated in approximately 70%of OSCC cases.It is modulated by E3s(e.g.,FBXW7 and NEDD4)and DUBs(e.g.,USP7 and USP10):FBXW7 and USP10 inhibit signaling,while NEDD4 and USP7 potentiate it.Aberrant activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway leads toβ-catenin nuclear translocation and induction of cell proliferation.This pathway is modulated by E3s(e.g.,c-Cbl and RNF43)and DUBs(e.g.,USP9X and USP20):c-Cbl and RNF43 inhibit signaling,while USP9X and USP20 potentiate it.Hippo pathway inactivation permits YAP/TAZ to enter the nucleus and promotes cancer cell metastasis.This pathway is modulated by E3s(e.g.,CRL4^(DCAF1) and SIAH2)and DUBs(e.g.,USP1 and USP21):CRL4^(DCAF1) and SIAH2 inhibit signaling,while USP1 and USP21 potentiate it.Persistent activation of the canonical NF-κB pathway is associated with an inflammatory microenvironment and chemotherapy resistance.This pathway is modulated by E3s(e.g.,TRAF6 and LUBAC)and DUBs(e.g.,A20 and CYLD):A20 and CYLD inhibit signaling,while TRAF6 and LUBAC potentiate it.Targeting these E3s and DUBs provides directions for OSCC drug research.Small-molecule inhibitors such as YCH2823(a USP7 inhibitor),GSK2643943A(a USP20 inhibitor),and HOIPIN-8(a LUBAC inhibitor)have shown promising antitumor activity in preclinical models;PROTAC molecules,by binding to surface sites of target proteins and recruiting E3s,achieve targeted ubiquitination and degradation of proteins insensitive to small-molecule inhibitors,for example,PU7-1-mediated USP7 degradation,offering new strategies to overcome traditional drug limitations.Currently,NX-1607(a Cbl-b inhibitor)has entered phase I clinical trials,with preliminary results confirming its safety and antitumor activity.Future research on aberrant E3s and DUBs in OSCC and the development of highly specific inhibitors will be of great significance for OSCC precision therapy.
文摘The integration of digital technologies into oral health care is transforming the field, driving advancements in diagnostic precision, patient engagement, and access to care. This review evaluates the impact of mobile health (mHealth) applications, tele-dentistry, artificial intelligence (AI), wearable devices, and advanced imaging systems on modern dentistry. Synthesizing findings from 125 studies published between 2010 and 2024, the paper identifies key achievements, including improved patient compliance, enhanced diagnostic capabilities, and expanded access to care in underserved areas. Tele-dentistry has been pivotal in bridging geographical gaps, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, while AI tools have revolutionized diagnostics and personalized treatment planning. Wearable devices and mHealth applications have empowered patients with real-time feedback, fostering sustained adherence to oral hygiene practices. The review also highlights the potential of digital tools to reduce healthcare disparities and operational costs, paving the way for more equitable and efficient dental care. By outlining critical advancements and future directions, this paper underscores the transformative potential of digital health technologies in dentistry. It advocates for further research on data security, interoperability, and innovative applications of AI to maximize the benefits of these tools, ultimately shaping a more accessible and patient-focused oral health ecosystem.
基金supported by Science&Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program(2022FY100800)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS)(2021-12M-1-023/2023-12M-C&T-B-005)+1 种基金Funding for Reform and Development of Beijing Municipal Health Commissionthe National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(2022-PUMCH-B-094).
文摘Menopause is characterized by the cessation of menstruation and a decline in reproductive function,which is an intrinsic component of the aging process.However,it has been a frequently overlooked field of women’s health.The oral and gut microbiota,constituting the largest ecosystem within the human body,are important for maintaining human health and notably contribute to the healthy aging of menopausal women.Therefore,a comprehensive review elucidating the impact of the gut and oral microbiota on menopause for healthy aging is of paramount importance.This paper presents the current understanding of the microbiome during menopause,with a particular focus on alterations in the oral and gut microbiota.Our study elucidates the complex interplay between the microbiome and sex hormone levels,explores microbial crosstalk dynamics,and investigates the associations between the microbiome and diseases linked to menopause.Additionally,this review explores the potential of microbiome-targeting therapies for managing menopause-related diseases.Given that menopause can last for approximately 30 years,gaining insights into how the microbiome and menopause interact could pave the way for innovative interventions,which may result in symptomatic relief from menopause and an increase in quality of life in women.
基金Supported by the First Batch of 2024 Social Welfare and Basic Research Projects in Zhongshan City(General Projects in the Field of Healthcare),No.2024B1100Guangdong Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.20241357.
文摘BACKGROUND Post-operative massive hemorrhage is a critical concern in oral cancer surgery,associated with severe complications and heightened morbidity and mortality rates.CASE SUMMARY A 46-year-old male with advanced poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma(ypT4aN3bN0M0)of the oral floor underwent extensive surgery,including total glossectomy,partial mandibulectomy,and free flap reconstruction.Postoperatively,he developed life-threatening hemorrhage on day 3 due to wound dehiscence.Rapid nursing interventions-prompt suture removal,pressure hemostasis,and multidisciplinary collaboration-controlled bleeding.Postoperative care emphasized hemodynamic monitoring,infection prevention,and rehabilitation.Despite comorbidities(hypertension,diabetes,prior stroke),the patient achieved functional recovery:Oral flap epithelialization,restored swallowing(water swallow test:Grade 1),70% tongue mobility,and 80% preoperative chewing efficiency at 6-month follow-up.This case underscores the critical role of structured nursing protocols in managing postoperative hemorrhage and optimizing outcomes in high-risk oral cancer surgery.CONCLUSION This case report highlights the pivotal role of structured nursing interventions in managing life-threatening postoperative hemorrhage following complex oral cancer surgery.By integrating meticulous preoperative risk stratification,intraoperative hemostatic collaboration,and vigilant postoperative monitoring(e.g.,timely suture management,pressure hemostasis,blood product administration),the interdisciplinary team achieved rapid hemorrhage control.Comprehensive psychological care and rehabilitation protocols further facilitated functional recovery,enabling the patient to regain swallowing,speech,and mobility despite advanced disease and comorbidities.The findings underscore that standardized nursing workflows,balancing procedural rigor with holistic patient support,are essential for mitigating complications and enhancing outcomes in high-risk head and neck surgical populations.
基金Supported by Key Science and Technology Research and Development Program Project of Guangxi,No.GuikeAB22035017,and No.GuikeAB25069071.
文摘Cancer remains a major global health concern,with escalating incidence and mortality rates underscoring the urgent need for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.Increasing evidence has identified the oral microbiota as a critical contributor to tumorigenesis,thereby expanding the understanding of cancer pathogenesis beyond conventional risk factors such as tobacco use and genetic predisposition.This review summarizes recent progress in elucidating the complex relationship between the oral microbiota and various malignancies,particularly oral squamous cell carcinoma,esophageal adenocarcinoma,and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Pathogenic bacteria,including Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum,have been implicated in promoting tumor progression through mechanisms involving chronic inflammation,the production of metabolic toxins,and immune evasion.The dysbiosis of the oral microbiota,often driven by lifestyle factors such as poor diet,tobacco use,and alcohol consumption,further exacerbates these carcinogenic processes.Emerging therapeutic approaches including probiotics,oral microbiota transplantation,and CRISPR-based bacterial editing are under investigation for their potential to restore microbial homeostasis and suppress pathogenic species.Additionally,saliva-based microbial biomarkers have shown promise for non-invasive cancer screening.The integration of multi-omics technologies and artificial intelligence-driven platforms is further advancing the development of precision oncology.This review aims to consolidate fragmented findings concerning the oral microbiota-cancer axis and address existing gaps in mechanistic understanding.The review’s significance lies in the translational potential of microbial research to clinical applications,offering opportunities to reduce the global cancer burden through early detection and microbiota-targeted therapies.
基金funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82071170 and 82371016)the Zhejiang Provincial Science and Technology Project for Public Welfare(No.LGF21H140004).
文摘Oral ulcers may greatly diminish patient life quality and potentially result in malignant transformations.Using gels or films as pseudomembrane barriers is an effective method for promoting ulcer healing.However,these pseudomembranes face challenges such as saliva flushing,dynamic changes,and the presence of abundant microorganisms in the complex oral environment.Herein,we developed an injectable,photoinduction,in situ-enhanceable oral ulcer repair hydrogel(named as GIL2)by incorporating dynamic phenylboronic acid ester bonds and imidazole ions into a methacrylated gelatin matrix.GIL2 exhibited rapid gelation(3 s),low swelling properties(1.07 g/g),robust tensile strength(56.83 kPa)and high adhesive strength(63.38 kPa),allowing it to adhere effectively to the ulcer surface.Moreover,the GIL2 demonstrated intrinsic antibacterial and antioxidant qualities.Within a diabetic rat model for oral ulcers,GIL2 effectively eased oxidative stress and decreased the inflammation present in ulcerated wounds,thereby greatly hastening the healing process of these ulcers.Together,GIL2 hydrogel demonstrates remarkable adaptability within the oral milieu,revitalizing clinical strategy advancements for treating bacterialinfected oral ulcers.
基金by Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,No.2023A1515012394.
文摘BACKGROUND Hypobaric hypoxia exposure(HHE)often causes neuropsychiatric disorders.Due to its complex mechanism,efficient strategies for alleviating HHE-induced anxiety-and depression-like behaviors remain limited.AIM To characterize alterations in the oral and gut microbiota following HHE and to explore a potential microbiota-based intervention to mitigate associated psychiatric symptoms.METHODS C57BL/6J mice were exposed to simulated high-altitude hypoxia(5000 m)for 1,3,5,or 7 days.Behavioral assessments,including the open field test,elevated plus maze,and forced swim test,were conducted to evaluate anxiety-and depressionlike behaviors.Oral and fecal microbiota were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing to assess changes in microbial composition and diversity.Immunofluorescence staining was performed to examine c-Fos expression in brain nuclei.A probiotic formulation containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus(L.rhamnosus)DSM17648,Lactobacillus acidophilus DDS-1,and L.rhamnosus UALR-06 was administered to mice subjected to one day of HHE(HH1)to evaluate its therapeutic efficacy.RESULTS Behavioral tests revealed that HHE caused anxiety-and depression-like behaviors,which were most pronounced after 1 day of exposure.The IF data revealed significantly increased expression of c-Fos in various brain nuclei after HHE,including the anterior cingulate cortex,paraventricular thalamic nucleus,lateral habenula nucleus,paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus,lateral hypothalamus,and periaqueductal gray.The 16S rRNA sequencing results demonstrated a sharp decline in the abundance of Lactobacillus in the oral microbiota of mice exposed to HH1 and a marked decrease in the abundance of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in the fecal microbiota of mice exposed to three days of HHE.Finally,oral administration and gavage of Lactobacillus significantly alleviated anxiety-and depression-like behaviors in HH1 mice.CONCLUSION HHE caused significant variations in the oral and fecal microbiota of mice.Lactobacillus supplementation alleviated anxiety-and depression-like behaviors in mice.Improving oral flora may relieve HHE-induced psychiatric disorders.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2301700)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province,China(YQ2022C040)。
文摘Minks are highly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2,and have transmitted SARS-CoV-2 to humans.Oral immunization is one of the most promising strategies to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission in minks.Here,we generated 3 recombinant rabies viruses(RABV),rERAG_(333E)/S6P,rERAG_(333E)/DS6P and rERAG_(333E)/BA2S6P,expressing the prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spike protein of wild-type(S6P),δ(DS6P)or BA.2(BA2S6P)strain based on an oral rabies vaccine candidate(rERAG_(333E)).Oral or inactivated immunization of the 3 RABVs monovalent or trivalent were safe,and induced robust RABV neutralizing antibody and cross-antibody responses against the three SARS-CoV-2 in mice and minks.The challenge tests showed that 2 doses of rERAG_(333E)-S6P as an oral or inactivated vaccine completely protected mice against mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 infection in the upper and lower respiratory tracts,and largely prevented viral replication and lung damage caused by wild-type SARS-CoV-2infection in minks.Notably,we also confirmed that 2 doses of rERAG_(333E)-S6P as an oral or inactivated vaccine can largely protect minks against wild-type SARS-CoV-2 transmission via respiratory droplets.Our findings suggest that rERAG_(333E)-based COVID-19 vaccines appear to be suitable oral candidates to protect minks from SARS-CoV-2infection and transmission,and may serve as inactivated vaccines for further investigation in humans.
基金supported by the Korea Institute of Toxicology(KIT)Research Program[No.2710008763(KK-2401-01)]the Korea Environmental Industry&Technology Institute(KEITI)through the Core Technology Development Project for Environmental Diseases Prevention and Management[No.2480000072(RS-2021-KE001705)]。
文摘Background:Picropodophllotoxin(PPT),a principal component of Podophyllum hexandrum root,demonstrates various beneficial biological activities in multiple cancer types,including antitumor and antiproliferative properties.Despite its known effects,the specific mechanisms by which PPT induces apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)cells lack full clarification.Aims:This study aimed to evaluate the role of PPT in inducing apoptosis in OSCC cells by targeting signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)and to investigate the underlying molecular pathways.Methods:Human OSCC cell lines(HN22 and HSC4)were treated with PPT.Cell viability,colony formation,and apoptotic morphological changes were evaluated.Reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation and mitochondrial function were assessed using tetramethyl rhodamine methyl ester,MitoSOX,and 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate(DCFH-DA)assays following PPT treatment.The expression of apoptosis markers,including cleaved Poly(ADP-Ribose)Polymerase(c-PARP)and other target proteins,was measured using western blotting.ROS involvement was further confirmed using the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine(NAC).Results:Treatment with PPT resulted in a substantial reduction in cell viability,a decrease in colony formation capacity,and evident morphological changes in OSCC cells.These effects were dose-and time-dependent,as evidenced by increased expression of c-PARP.PPT-induced apoptosis was mediated by excessive ROS generation,which was almost completely blocked by NAC pretreatment.Conclusions:These findings suggest that PPT may serve as a promising therapeutic agent for treating human oral cancer by inhibiting the STAT3 pathway and inducing ROS-mediated apoptosis.
