Organophosphate flame retardants(OPFRs),as a replacement for polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs),are of increasing concern due to their high production over the years.Soil is the major environmental reservoir and in...Organophosphate flame retardants(OPFRs),as a replacement for polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs),are of increasing concern due to their high production over the years.Soil is the major environmental reservoir and interchange for OPFRs.OPFRs in soil could be transferred to the food chain,and pose potential ecological and human health risks.This review focused on the environmental fate and effects of typical OPFRs in the soil-plant system.We concluded that the sorption and transformation behaviors of OPFRs due to their crucial impact on bioavailability.The root uptake and translocation of OPFRs by plants were summarized with analyses of their potential affecting factors.The in planta transformation and potential ecological effects of OPFRs were also briefly discussed.Finally,we highlighted several research gaps and provided suggestions for future research,including the development of simulative/computative methods to evaluate the bioavailability of OPFRs,the effects of root exudates and rhizosphere microorganisms on the bioavailability and plant uptake of OPFRs,and the development of green and sustainable technologies for in situ remediation of OPFRs-contaminated soil.展开更多
The occurrence,distribution and ecological risk assessment of twelve(12)organophosphorus flame retardants(OPFRs)were investigated in sediments from the Vaal River,South Africa.Six halogenated OPFRs[tris-(2-chloroethyl...The occurrence,distribution and ecological risk assessment of twelve(12)organophosphorus flame retardants(OPFRs)were investigated in sediments from the Vaal River,South Africa.Six halogenated OPFRs[tris-(2-chloroethyl)phosphate(TCEP),three isomers of tris-(chloropropyl)phosphate(TCiPPs),tris-(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate(TDCiPP)and tris-(2,3 dibromopropyl)phosphate(TDBPP)]and six non-halogenated OPFRs[tris-(n-butyl)phosphate(TBP),tris-(phenyl)phosphate(TPhP),tris-(butyl ethoxy)phosphate(TBOEP),tris-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate(TEHP),diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate(DPEHP)and tris-(m-cresyl)phosphate(m-TCP)]were detected in this study.The concentrations of twelve OPFRs in total(S12OPFRs)ranged from 68 to 278 ng g^-1 dry weight(dw)with the mean and median of 138 and 120 ng g^-1;respectively.The non-halogenated OPFRs showed more abundances than the halogenated OPFRs with TDBPP,TBP,and TBOEP the most abundant compounds.Generally,concentrations of OPFRs in more urbanized region were higher than those in less urbanized regions.When the concentrations of OPFRs and total organic carbon(TOC)were correlated,a moderate and significant correlation(p<0.05)was observed.Ecological risk were estimated and our results showed that m-TCP poses high risk(HQ>1)while TBOEP,TPhP,and TBP posed medium risk(0.1<HQ<1)with the remainder posing negligible risk(HQ<0.01).The data obtained in this study provides valuable information on the occurrence and risks of the investigated OPFRs within Vaal River.展开更多
Organophosphate flame retardants(OPFRs)are a group of semi-volatile organic compounds(SVOCs)and among the most abundant contaminants indoors.Their indoor presence has been associated with potential health risks howeve...Organophosphate flame retardants(OPFRs)are a group of semi-volatile organic compounds(SVOCs)and among the most abundant contaminants indoors.Their indoor presence has been associated with potential health risks however there is limited understanding as to how they are released from indoor sources.This study uses an emission micro-chamber to explore one of the currently understudied chemical migration pathways;direct transfer between a source material and settled dust in contact with the source.A tris(2-chloroisopropyl)phosphate(TCIPP)-treated insulation board is used as the source material.Rapid and substantial transfer was observed after only 8 h of source-dust contact,resulting in 80 times higher concentrations in dust compared to pre-experiment levels.Further time points at 24 h and 7 d showed similarly high average dust levels and the TCIPP in the dust and air in the chamber was calculated to be close to thermodynamic equilibrium.It was concluded that TCIPP was effectively transferred from the insulation board to the dust on its surface and the surrounding air via gas-phase diffusion.In a real room,a gradient of TCIPP concentrations in air above the surface of a product could result in higher concentrations in dust sitting on the product than dust in the rest of the room.展开更多
基金the Local Innovative and Research Teams Project of Guangdong Pearl River Talents Program(2017BT01Z134)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32061133003 and 41603086)+1 种基金the Guangdong Foundation for Program of Science and Technology Research(2019B121205006)Ten Thousand Talent Program of the Organization Department of the Central Committee of the CPC。
文摘Organophosphate flame retardants(OPFRs),as a replacement for polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs),are of increasing concern due to their high production over the years.Soil is the major environmental reservoir and interchange for OPFRs.OPFRs in soil could be transferred to the food chain,and pose potential ecological and human health risks.This review focused on the environmental fate and effects of typical OPFRs in the soil-plant system.We concluded that the sorption and transformation behaviors of OPFRs due to their crucial impact on bioavailability.The root uptake and translocation of OPFRs by plants were summarized with analyses of their potential affecting factors.The in planta transformation and potential ecological effects of OPFRs were also briefly discussed.Finally,we highlighted several research gaps and provided suggestions for future research,including the development of simulative/computative methods to evaluate the bioavailability of OPFRs,the effects of root exudates and rhizosphere microorganisms on the bioavailability and plant uptake of OPFRs,and the development of green and sustainable technologies for in situ remediation of OPFRs-contaminated soil.
基金We would like to acknowledge Rand Water-Analytical Services for providing technical environment as well as funding of the project,Mr SM Mporetji for sediment samples collection,Mr M Mohotsi for his contribution in statistical analysis and Dr A Swanepoel for fruitful discussions.
文摘The occurrence,distribution and ecological risk assessment of twelve(12)organophosphorus flame retardants(OPFRs)were investigated in sediments from the Vaal River,South Africa.Six halogenated OPFRs[tris-(2-chloroethyl)phosphate(TCEP),three isomers of tris-(chloropropyl)phosphate(TCiPPs),tris-(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate(TDCiPP)and tris-(2,3 dibromopropyl)phosphate(TDBPP)]and six non-halogenated OPFRs[tris-(n-butyl)phosphate(TBP),tris-(phenyl)phosphate(TPhP),tris-(butyl ethoxy)phosphate(TBOEP),tris-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate(TEHP),diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate(DPEHP)and tris-(m-cresyl)phosphate(m-TCP)]were detected in this study.The concentrations of twelve OPFRs in total(S12OPFRs)ranged from 68 to 278 ng g^-1 dry weight(dw)with the mean and median of 138 and 120 ng g^-1;respectively.The non-halogenated OPFRs showed more abundances than the halogenated OPFRs with TDBPP,TBP,and TBOEP the most abundant compounds.Generally,concentrations of OPFRs in more urbanized region were higher than those in less urbanized regions.When the concentrations of OPFRs and total organic carbon(TOC)were correlated,a moderate and significant correlation(p<0.05)was observed.Ecological risk were estimated and our results showed that m-TCP poses high risk(HQ>1)while TBOEP,TPhP,and TBP posed medium risk(0.1<HQ<1)with the remainder posing negligible risk(HQ<0.01).The data obtained in this study provides valuable information on the occurrence and risks of the investigated OPFRs within Vaal River.
基金Stockholm University and the European Union,7th Framework Programme under grant agreements No.264600(INFLAME)and No.316665(A-TEAM).
文摘Organophosphate flame retardants(OPFRs)are a group of semi-volatile organic compounds(SVOCs)and among the most abundant contaminants indoors.Their indoor presence has been associated with potential health risks however there is limited understanding as to how they are released from indoor sources.This study uses an emission micro-chamber to explore one of the currently understudied chemical migration pathways;direct transfer between a source material and settled dust in contact with the source.A tris(2-chloroisopropyl)phosphate(TCIPP)-treated insulation board is used as the source material.Rapid and substantial transfer was observed after only 8 h of source-dust contact,resulting in 80 times higher concentrations in dust compared to pre-experiment levels.Further time points at 24 h and 7 d showed similarly high average dust levels and the TCIPP in the dust and air in the chamber was calculated to be close to thermodynamic equilibrium.It was concluded that TCIPP was effectively transferred from the insulation board to the dust on its surface and the surrounding air via gas-phase diffusion.In a real room,a gradient of TCIPP concentrations in air above the surface of a product could result in higher concentrations in dust sitting on the product than dust in the rest of the room.
