Fibroblast growth factor(FGF)signaling encompasses a multitude of functions,including regulation of cell proliferation,differentiation,morphogenesis,and patterning.FGFs and their receptors(FGFR)are crucial for adult t...Fibroblast growth factor(FGF)signaling encompasses a multitude of functions,including regulation of cell proliferation,differentiation,morphogenesis,and patterning.FGFs and their receptors(FGFR)are crucial for adult tissue repair processes.Aberrant FGF signal transduction is associated with various pathological conditions such as cartilage damage,bone loss,muscle reduction,and other core pathological changes observed in orthopedic degenerative diseases like osteoarthritis(OA),intervertebral disc degeneration(IVDD),osteoporosis(OP),and sarcopenia.In OA and IVDD pathologies specifically,FGF1,FGF2,FGF8,FGF9,FGF18,FGF21,and FGF23 regulate the synthesis,catabolism,and ossification of cartilage tissue.Additionally,the dysregulation of FGFR expression(FGFR1 and FGFR3)promotes the pathological process of cartilage degradation.In OP and sarcopenia,endocrine-derived FGFs(FGF19,FGF21,and FGF23)modulate bone mineral synthesis and decomposition as well as muscle tissues.FGF2 and other FGFs also exert regulatory roles.A growing body of research has focused on understanding the implications of FGF signaling in orthopedic degeneration.Moreover,an increasing number of potential targets within the FGF signaling have been identified,such as FGF9,FGF18,and FGF23.However,it should be noted that most of these discoveries are still in the experimental stage,and further studies are needed before clinical application can be considered.Presently,this review aims to document the association between the FGF signaling pathway and the development and progression of orthopedic diseases.Besides,current therapeutic strategies targeting the FGF signaling pathway to prevent and treat orthopedic degeneration will be evaluated.展开更多
Background:Diabetic retinal neuropathy(DRN)leads to significant visual impairment;however,no existing animal model fully replicates its neural alterations,and inconsistent induction protocols with high mortality rates...Background:Diabetic retinal neuropathy(DRN)leads to significant visual impairment;however,no existing animal model fully replicates its neural alterations,and inconsistent induction protocols with high mortality rates hinder long-term investigations.Methods:Adult male rabbits were randomly assigned to four experimental groups,each receiving a single intravenous injection of varying doses of alloxan and one control group.The safety and efficacy of alloxan in inducing diabetes were evaluated to determine the optimal dose.At 9 weeks following injection with alloxan,retinal function was assessed using full-field electroretinography(ERG)and visual evoked potentials(VEPs).Retinal structure was examined in rabbits using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT),Optos ultra-widefield(Optos UWF)false-color imaging,and widefield fundus fluorescein angiography(WF-FFA).Results:Rabbits in the 80 mg/kg alloxan group exhibited fewer complications,lower mortality,and a higher model success rate compared to other groups.At 9 weeks post-injection,these rabbits demonstrated significantly elevated hemoglobin A1c and total cholesterol(p<0.05)relative to controls.ERG revealed statistically significant reductions in oscillatory potential and b-wave amplitudes(p<0.05),while VEP indicated decreased P2 amplitude(p<0.001)and prolonged P2 latency(p<0.05).SD-OCT,Optos UWF imaging,and WF-FFA demonstrated no significant changes in vascular abnormalities.Additionally,Hematoxylin and Eosin staining revealed retinal swelling(p<0.05),and immunofluorescence confirmed glial activation and neuronal loss.Conclusions:A single intravenous injection of 80 mg/kg alloxan effectively and safely induced DRN in rabbits,resulting in neural retina damage,thereby establishing this model as an ideal model for DRN research.展开更多
Bone marrow(BM) cavities are utilized for hematopoiesis and to maintain hematopoietic stem cells(HSCs). HSCs have the ability to self-renew as well as to differentiate into multiple different hematopoietic lineage cel...Bone marrow(BM) cavities are utilized for hematopoiesis and to maintain hematopoietic stem cells(HSCs). HSCs have the ability to self-renew as well as to differentiate into multiple different hematopoietic lineage cells. HSCs produce their daughter cells throughout the lifespan of individuals and thus, maintaining HSCs is crucial for individual life. BM cavities provide a specialized microenvironment termed "niche" to support HSCs. Niches are composed of various types of cells such as osteoblasts, endothelial cells and reticular cells. Osteoclasts are unique cells which resorb bones and are required for BM cavity formation. Loss of osteoclast function or differentiation results in inhibition of BM cavity formation, an osteopetrotic phenotype. Osteoclasts are also reportedly required for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell(HSPC) mobilization to the periphery from BM cavities. Thus, lack of osteoclasts likely results in inhibition of HSC maintenance and HSPC mobilization. However, we found that osteoclasts are dispensable for hematopoietic stem cell maintenance and mobilization by using three independent osteoclast-less animal models. In this review, I will discuss the roles of osteoclasts in hematopoietic stem cell maintenance and mobilization.展开更多
The UV-Vis and infrared(IR)absorption spectra of organophosphorus(OP)pesticides have been studied.A correlation in spectra was developed to optimize the OP pesticides in the environments.The spectroscopic(UV-Vis and I...The UV-Vis and infrared(IR)absorption spectra of organophosphorus(OP)pesticides have been studied.A correlation in spectra was developed to optimize the OP pesticides in the environments.The spectroscopic(UV-Vis and IR)spectrum of OP pesticides like methyl parathion,malathion and parathion has been interpreted in detail.A complete calculation of the normal frequencies and absolute intensities of UV-Vis and IR absorption bands are interpreted with the help of corresponding experimental data.In the colorimetric reactions,the bands appear at 2 077,1 637,1 455,1 015,655cm^(-1) for malathion;2 081,1 639,1 316,1 015,794,683cm^(-1) for parathion;2 078,1 632,1 032,794cm^(-1) for methyl parathion were used for quantitative or qualitative analysis.All these IR spectra were acquired by averaging 100 scans at a resolution of 4cm^(-1).It is determined experimentally in the region 200~450nm for UV-Vis absorption bands and in the region 400~4 000cm^(-1) for IR absorption bands.It is concluded that the mainly optically active groups(P—OH, C=O,P=O, C—O—C,P—O—C, P=S, —OH)present in pesticides which are responsible in change in significant data for quantitative and qualitative analysis.The various optical properties like wavelength,band energy,wave number,and frequency,also are calculated.展开更多
Fifty agricultural soil samples collected from Fuzhou,southeast China,were first investigated for the occurrence,distribution,and potential risks of twelve organophosphate esters(OPEs).The total concentration of OPEs(...Fifty agricultural soil samples collected from Fuzhou,southeast China,were first investigated for the occurrence,distribution,and potential risks of twelve organophosphate esters(OPEs).The total concentration of OPEs(ΣOPEs)in soil ranged from 1.33 to 96.5 ng/g dry weight(dw),with an average value of 17.1 ng/g dw.Especially,halogenated-OPEs were the predominant group with amean level of 9.75 ng/g dw,and tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate(TCIPP)was the most abundant OPEs,accounting for 51.1%ofΣOPEs.The concentrations of TCIPP andΣOPEs were found to be significantly higher(P<0.05)in soils of urban areas than those in suburban areas.In addition,the use of agricultural plastic films and total organic carbon had a positive effect on the occurrence of OPE in this study.The positive matrix factorization model suggested complex sources of OPEs in agricultural soils from Fuzhou.The ecological risk assessment demonstrated that tricresyl phosphate presented a medium risk to land-based organisms(0.1≤risk quotient<1.0).Nevertheless,the carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks for human exposure to OPEs through soil ingestion and dermal absorption were negligible.These findings would facilitate further investigations into the pollution management and risk control of OPEs.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFC3603400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82072506,92268115)+2 种基金the Hunan Provincial Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(2024JJ2089)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2021RC3025)the National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders(Xiangya Hospital,2021KF02).
文摘Fibroblast growth factor(FGF)signaling encompasses a multitude of functions,including regulation of cell proliferation,differentiation,morphogenesis,and patterning.FGFs and their receptors(FGFR)are crucial for adult tissue repair processes.Aberrant FGF signal transduction is associated with various pathological conditions such as cartilage damage,bone loss,muscle reduction,and other core pathological changes observed in orthopedic degenerative diseases like osteoarthritis(OA),intervertebral disc degeneration(IVDD),osteoporosis(OP),and sarcopenia.In OA and IVDD pathologies specifically,FGF1,FGF2,FGF8,FGF9,FGF18,FGF21,and FGF23 regulate the synthesis,catabolism,and ossification of cartilage tissue.Additionally,the dysregulation of FGFR expression(FGFR1 and FGFR3)promotes the pathological process of cartilage degradation.In OP and sarcopenia,endocrine-derived FGFs(FGF19,FGF21,and FGF23)modulate bone mineral synthesis and decomposition as well as muscle tissues.FGF2 and other FGFs also exert regulatory roles.A growing body of research has focused on understanding the implications of FGF signaling in orthopedic degeneration.Moreover,an increasing number of potential targets within the FGF signaling have been identified,such as FGF9,FGF18,and FGF23.However,it should be noted that most of these discoveries are still in the experimental stage,and further studies are needed before clinical application can be considered.Presently,this review aims to document the association between the FGF signaling pathway and the development and progression of orthopedic diseases.Besides,current therapeutic strategies targeting the FGF signaling pathway to prevent and treat orthopedic degeneration will be evaluated.
文摘OP2S发动机(Opposed-Piston Two-Stroke,OP2S,对置活塞二冲程发动机)相较于传统四冲程发动机,具有功率密度高、热负荷高的特点,需在活塞内部设计内冷油腔对其进行强制振荡冷却,以确保活塞在严苛环境下安全可靠地工作。以某OP2S发动机活塞内冷油腔为设计对象,应用三维建模软件和流体传热计算软件Fluent,建立了卵形、椭圆形和水滴形三种截面形状的油腔模型作为研究对象,采用VOF(volume of fluid)多相流模型、动网格技术等,对活塞内冷油腔强制振荡冷却过程进行了流动和换热分析。经过分析得知,活塞内冷油腔的截面形状、喷油速度等影响因素对其振荡冷却的流动和换热特性影响较大。在2800 r/min额定转速下,卵形油腔的壁面平均换热系数分别高于水滴形和椭圆形油腔7%和4%。通过对不同喷油速度条件下的内冷油腔流动和换热特性分析得出了OP2S发动机活塞内冷油腔的流动和换热规律,同时确定了该发动机的冷却喷嘴机油流速,对同类型活塞内冷油腔的设计具有参考意义。
基金Key Project of Joint Special Funds for Applied Basic Research of Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology Kunming Medical University,Grant/Award Number:2018FE001-(180)Clinical Research Center of the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province,Grant/Award Number:2023YJZX-LN01+2 种基金Kunming University of Science and Technology School of Medicine Postgraduate Innovation FundResearch Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:82460210Provincial Key Clinical Specialty Platform of the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province,Grant/Award Number:2024EKKFKT-04。
文摘Background:Diabetic retinal neuropathy(DRN)leads to significant visual impairment;however,no existing animal model fully replicates its neural alterations,and inconsistent induction protocols with high mortality rates hinder long-term investigations.Methods:Adult male rabbits were randomly assigned to four experimental groups,each receiving a single intravenous injection of varying doses of alloxan and one control group.The safety and efficacy of alloxan in inducing diabetes were evaluated to determine the optimal dose.At 9 weeks following injection with alloxan,retinal function was assessed using full-field electroretinography(ERG)and visual evoked potentials(VEPs).Retinal structure was examined in rabbits using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT),Optos ultra-widefield(Optos UWF)false-color imaging,and widefield fundus fluorescein angiography(WF-FFA).Results:Rabbits in the 80 mg/kg alloxan group exhibited fewer complications,lower mortality,and a higher model success rate compared to other groups.At 9 weeks post-injection,these rabbits demonstrated significantly elevated hemoglobin A1c and total cholesterol(p<0.05)relative to controls.ERG revealed statistically significant reductions in oscillatory potential and b-wave amplitudes(p<0.05),while VEP indicated decreased P2 amplitude(p<0.001)and prolonged P2 latency(p<0.05).SD-OCT,Optos UWF imaging,and WF-FFA demonstrated no significant changes in vascular abnormalities.Additionally,Hematoxylin and Eosin staining revealed retinal swelling(p<0.05),and immunofluorescence confirmed glial activation and neuronal loss.Conclusions:A single intravenous injection of 80 mg/kg alloxan effectively and safely induced DRN in rabbits,resulting in neural retina damage,thereby establishing this model as an ideal model for DRN research.
文摘Bone marrow(BM) cavities are utilized for hematopoiesis and to maintain hematopoietic stem cells(HSCs). HSCs have the ability to self-renew as well as to differentiate into multiple different hematopoietic lineage cells. HSCs produce their daughter cells throughout the lifespan of individuals and thus, maintaining HSCs is crucial for individual life. BM cavities provide a specialized microenvironment termed "niche" to support HSCs. Niches are composed of various types of cells such as osteoblasts, endothelial cells and reticular cells. Osteoclasts are unique cells which resorb bones and are required for BM cavity formation. Loss of osteoclast function or differentiation results in inhibition of BM cavity formation, an osteopetrotic phenotype. Osteoclasts are also reportedly required for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell(HSPC) mobilization to the periphery from BM cavities. Thus, lack of osteoclasts likely results in inhibition of HSC maintenance and HSPC mobilization. However, we found that osteoclasts are dispensable for hematopoietic stem cell maintenance and mobilization by using three independent osteoclast-less animal models. In this review, I will discuss the roles of osteoclasts in hematopoietic stem cell maintenance and mobilization.
基金worked in funding projects from DST,New Delhi for extensive research in the area of nano-bio molecular spectroscopy and sensor technology development
文摘The UV-Vis and infrared(IR)absorption spectra of organophosphorus(OP)pesticides have been studied.A correlation in spectra was developed to optimize the OP pesticides in the environments.The spectroscopic(UV-Vis and IR)spectrum of OP pesticides like methyl parathion,malathion and parathion has been interpreted in detail.A complete calculation of the normal frequencies and absolute intensities of UV-Vis and IR absorption bands are interpreted with the help of corresponding experimental data.In the colorimetric reactions,the bands appear at 2 077,1 637,1 455,1 015,655cm^(-1) for malathion;2 081,1 639,1 316,1 015,794,683cm^(-1) for parathion;2 078,1 632,1 032,794cm^(-1) for methyl parathion were used for quantitative or qualitative analysis.All these IR spectra were acquired by averaging 100 scans at a resolution of 4cm^(-1).It is determined experimentally in the region 200~450nm for UV-Vis absorption bands and in the region 400~4 000cm^(-1) for IR absorption bands.It is concluded that the mainly optically active groups(P—OH, C=O,P=O, C—O—C,P—O—C, P=S, —OH)present in pesticides which are responsible in change in significant data for quantitative and qualitative analysis.The various optical properties like wavelength,band energy,wave number,and frequency,also are calculated.
基金supported by the Open Fund of the Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes,Ministry of Education,Peking University,Beijing,China,and the Cultivation Fund Program for Excellent Dissertation in Fujian Normal University,China(No.LWPYS202315)the Research Start-up Fund of Fujian Normal University,China(No.Y0720304X13).
文摘Fifty agricultural soil samples collected from Fuzhou,southeast China,were first investigated for the occurrence,distribution,and potential risks of twelve organophosphate esters(OPEs).The total concentration of OPEs(ΣOPEs)in soil ranged from 1.33 to 96.5 ng/g dry weight(dw),with an average value of 17.1 ng/g dw.Especially,halogenated-OPEs were the predominant group with amean level of 9.75 ng/g dw,and tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate(TCIPP)was the most abundant OPEs,accounting for 51.1%ofΣOPEs.The concentrations of TCIPP andΣOPEs were found to be significantly higher(P<0.05)in soils of urban areas than those in suburban areas.In addition,the use of agricultural plastic films and total organic carbon had a positive effect on the occurrence of OPE in this study.The positive matrix factorization model suggested complex sources of OPEs in agricultural soils from Fuzhou.The ecological risk assessment demonstrated that tricresyl phosphate presented a medium risk to land-based organisms(0.1≤risk quotient<1.0).Nevertheless,the carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks for human exposure to OPEs through soil ingestion and dermal absorption were negligible.These findings would facilitate further investigations into the pollution management and risk control of OPEs.
