The search for mechanical properties of materials reached a highly acclaimed level, when indentations could be analysed on the basis of elastic theory for hardness and elastic modulus. The mathematical formulas proved...The search for mechanical properties of materials reached a highly acclaimed level, when indentations could be analysed on the basis of elastic theory for hardness and elastic modulus. The mathematical formulas proved to be very complicated, and various trials were published between the 1900s and 2000s. The development of indentation instruments and the wish to make the application in numerous steps easier, led in 1992 to trials with iterations by using relative values instead of absolute ones. Excessive iterations of computers with 3 + 8 free parameters of the loading and unloading curves became possible and were implemented into the instruments and worldwide standards. The physical formula for hardness was defined as force over area. For the conical, pyramidal, and spherical indenters, one simply took the projected area for the calculation of the indentation depth from the projected area, adjusted it later by the iterations with respect to fused quartz or aluminium as standard materials, and called it “contact height”. Continuously measured indentation loading curves were formulated as loading force over depth square. The unloading curves after release of the indenter used the initial steepness of the pressure relief for the calculation of what was (and is) incorrectly called “Young’s modulus”. But it is not unidirectional. And for the spherical indentations’ loading curve, they defined the indentation force over depth raised to 3/2 (but without R/h correction). They till now (2025) violate the energy law, because they use all applied force for the indenter depth and ignore the obvious sidewise force upon indentation (cf. e.g. the wood cleaving). The various refinements led to more and more complicated formulas that could not be reasonably calculated with them. One decided to use 3 + 8 free-parameter iterations for fitting to the (poor) standards of fused quartz or aluminium. The mechanical values of these were considered to be “true”. This is till now the worldwide standard of DIN-ISO-ASTM-14577, avoiding overcomplicated formulas with their complexity. Some of these are shown in the Introduction Section. By doing so, one avoided the understanding of indentation results on a physical basis. However, we open a simple way to obtain absolute values (though still on the blackbox instrument’s unsuitable force calibration). We do not iterate but calculate algebraically on the basis of the correct, physically deduced exponent of the loading force parabolas with h3/2 instead of false “h2” (for the spherical indentation, there is a calotte-radius over depth correction), and we reveal the physical errors taken up in the official worldwide “14577-Standard”. Importantly, we reveal the hitherto fully overlooked phase transitions under load that are not detectable with the false exponent. Phase-transition twinning is even present and falsifies the iteration standards. Instead of elasticity theory, we use the well-defined geometry of these indentations. By doing so, we reach simple algebraically calculable formulas and find the physical indentation hardness of materials with their onset depth, onset force and energy, as well as their phase-transition energy (temperature dependent also its activation energy). The most important phase transitions are our absolute algebraically calculated results. The now most easily obtained phase transitions under load are very dangerous because they produce polymorph interfaces between the changed and the unchanged material. It was found and published by high-enlargement microscopy (5000-fold) that these trouble spots are the sites for the development of stable, 1 to 2 µm long, micro-cracks (stable for months). If however, a force higher than the one of their formation occurs to them, these grow to catastrophic crash. That works equally with turbulences at the pickle fork of airliners. After the publication of these facts and after three fatal crashing had occurred in a short sequence, FAA (Federal Aviation Agency) reacted by rechecking all airplanes for such micro cracks. These were now found in a new fleet of airliners from where the three crashed ones came. These were previously overlooked. FAA became aware of that risk and grounded 290 (certainly all) of them, because the material of these did not have higher phase-transition onset and energy than other airplanes with better material. They did so despite the 14577-Standard that does not find (and thus formally forbids) phase transitions under indenter load with the false exponent on the indentation parabola. However, this “Standard” will, despite the present author’s well-founded petition, not be corrected for the next 5 years.展开更多
We reduce the initial value problem for the generalized Schroedinger equation with piecewise-constant leading coefficient to the system of Volterra type integral equations and construct new useful integral representat...We reduce the initial value problem for the generalized Schroedinger equation with piecewise-constant leading coefficient to the system of Volterra type integral equations and construct new useful integral representations for the fundamental solutions of the Schroedinger equation. We also investigate some significant properties of the kernels of these integral representations. The integral representations of fundamental solutions enable to obtain the basic integral equations, which are a powerful tool for solving inverse spectral problems.展开更多
Advanced Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring(ARAIM) is a new technology that will provide worldwide coverage of vertical guidance in aviation navigation. The ARAIM performance and improvement under depleted const...Advanced Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring(ARAIM) is a new technology that will provide worldwide coverage of vertical guidance in aviation navigation. The ARAIM performance and improvement under depleted constellations is a practical problem that needs to be faced and researched further. It is a shortcut that improves the availability in position domain whose key idea is to replace the conventional least squares process with a non-least-squares estimator to lower the integrity risk in exchange for a slight increase in nominal position error. The contributions given in this paper include two parts: First, the impacts of one satellite outage on different constellations are analyzed and compared. The conclusion is that GPS is more sensitive and vulnerable to one satellite outage. Second, a constellation weighted ARAIM(CW-ARAIM)position estimator is proposed. The position solution is replaced by a constellation weighted average solution to eliminate the constellation difference. The new solution will move close to the constellation solutions with respect to the accuracy requirement. The simulation results under baseline GPS and Galileo dual-constellation show that the one GPS satellite outage will knock the availability from 91% to only 50%. The performance remains stable with one Galileo satellite outage. With the assistance of the CW-ARAIM method, the availability can increase from 50% to more than80% under depleted GPS configurations. Even without any satellite outage, the proposed method can effectively improve the availability from 91.29% to 98.75%. The test results under optimistic constellations further verify that a balanced constellation is more important than more satellites on orbit and the superiority of CW-ARAIM method is still effective.展开更多
Bayesian predictive probability density function is obtained when the underlying pop-ulation distribution is exponentiated and subjective prior is used. The corresponding predictive survival function is then obtained ...Bayesian predictive probability density function is obtained when the underlying pop-ulation distribution is exponentiated and subjective prior is used. The corresponding predictive survival function is then obtained and used in constructing 100(1 – ?)% predictive interval, using one- and two- sample schemes when the size of the future sample is fixed and random. In the random case, the size of the future sample is assumed to follow the truncated Poisson distribution with parameter λ. Special attention is paid to the exponentiated Burr type XII population, from which the data are drawn. Two illustrative examples are given, one of which uses simulated data and the other uses data that represent the breaking strength of 64 single carbon fibers of length 10, found in Lawless [40].展开更多
In 2010,the first offshore wind turbine with integrated installation was established in Qidong sea area of Jiangsu Province,China,which led to the implementation phase of one-step-installation technique based on the d...In 2010,the first offshore wind turbine with integrated installation was established in Qidong sea area of Jiangsu Province,China,which led to the implementation phase of one-step-installation technique based on the design and construction of large-scale bucket-top-bearing (LSBTB) bucket foundation.The critical technique of LSBTB bucket foundation included self-floating towing,penetration with adjustment of horizontal levelness,removability and one-step-installation.The process of one-step-installation included the prefabrication of LSBTB bucket foundation in onshore construction base,installation and debugging of wind power,overall water transportation of foundation and wind power system,and installation of foundation and offshore wind turbine on the appointed sea area.The cost of one-step-installation technique was about 5 000 Yuan/kW,which was 30%-50% lower than that of the existing technique.The prefabrication of LSBTB bucket foundation took about two months.During the one-step-installation process,the installation and debugging of wind power and overall water transportation need about one to two days in sea area within 35 m depth.After the proposed technique is industrialized,the cost will be further reduced,and the installation capacity is expected to be up to 500 wind turbines per year.展开更多
This paper is a continuation of one published in this journal nine months ago. The two papers present a model of cavitational luminescence (CL), multi-bubble sonoluminescence (MBSL), one-bubble sonoluminescence (OBSL)...This paper is a continuation of one published in this journal nine months ago. The two papers present a model of cavitational luminescence (CL), multi-bubble sonoluminescence (MBSL), one-bubble sonoluminescence (OBSL), and laser-induced bubble luminescence (LIBL). The basis of this model is the PeTa (Perel’man-Tatartchenko) effect, a nonequilibrium characteristic radiation under first-order phase transitions, especially vapour condensation. In this model, the main role is given to the liquid, where the evaporation, condensation, flash, and subsequent collapse of bubbles occur. The instantaneous vapour condensation inside the bubble is a reason for the CL/MBSL/OBSL/LIBL. Apparently, the dissolved gases and other impurities in the liquid are responsible for peaks that appear at the background of the main spectrum. They are most likely excited by a shock wave occurred during the collapse. This paper, in contrast to the previous one, presents a slightly expanded model that explains additional experimental data concerning especially the LIBL spectrum. As a result, today we are not aware of any experimental data that would contradict the PeTa model, and we continue to assert that there is no mystery to the CL/MBSL/OBSL/LIBL phenomena, as well as no reason to hope that they can be used for high-temperature chemical reactions, and even more so for a thermonuclear ones.展开更多
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is a heterogeneous and complex disease that is imprecisely diagnosed by liver biopsy.NAFLD covers a spectrum that ranges from simple steatosis,nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)w...Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is a heterogeneous and complex disease that is imprecisely diagnosed by liver biopsy.NAFLD covers a spectrum that ranges from simple steatosis,nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)with varying degrees of fibrosis,to cirrhosis,which is a major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma.Lifestyle and eating habit changes during the last century have made NAFLD the most common liver disease linked to obesity,type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia,with a global prevalence of 25%.NAFLD arises when the uptake of fatty acids(FA)and triglycerides(TG)from circulation and de novo lipogenesis saturate the rate of FAβ-oxidation and verylow density lipoprotein(VLDL)-TG export.Deranged lipid metabolism is also associated with NAFLD progression from steatosis to NASH,and therefore,alterations in liver and serum lipidomic signatures are good indicators of the disease’s development and progression.This review focuses on the importance of the classification of NAFLD patients into different subtypes,corresponding to the main alteration(s)in the major pathways that regulate FA homeostasis leading,in each case,to the initiation and progression of NASH.This concept also supports the targeted intervention as a key approach to maximize therapeutic efficacy and opens the door to the development of precise NASH treatments.展开更多
This paper presents a strategy for computation of super-convergent solutions of multi-dimensional problems in the finite element method （FEM） by recursive application of the one-dimensional （1D） element energy pro...This paper presents a strategy for computation of super-convergent solutions of multi-dimensional problems in the finite element method （FEM） by recursive application of the one-dimensional （1D） element energy projection （EEP） technique. The main idea is to conceptually treat multi-dimensional problems as generalized 1D problems, based on which the concepts of generalized 1D FEM and its consequent EEP formulae have been developed in a unified manner. Equipped with these concepts, multi-dimensional problems can be recursively discretized in one dimension at each step, until a fully discretized standard finite element （FE） model is reached. This conceptual dimension-by- dimension （D-by-D） discretization procedure is entirely equivalent to a full FE discretization. As a reverse D-by-D recovery procedure, by using the unified EEP formulae together with proper extraction of the generalized nodal solutions, super-convergent displacements and first derivatives for two-dimensional （2D） and three-dimensional （3D） problems can be obtained over the domain. Numerical examples of 3D Poisson＇s equation and elasticity problem are given to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed strategy.展开更多
Using function one direction S-rough sets （function one direction singular rough sets）, f-law and F- law and the concept of law distance and the concept of system law collided by F-law are given. Using these concept...Using function one direction S-rough sets （function one direction singular rough sets）, f-law and F- law and the concept of law distance and the concept of system law collided by F-law are given. Using these concepts, state characteristic presented by system law collided by F-law and recognition of these states characteristic and recognition criterion and applications are given. Function one direction S-rough sets is one of basic forms of function S-rough sets （function singular rough sets）. Function one direction S-rough sets is importance theory and is a method in studying system law collision.展开更多
By using function S-rough sets（function singular rough sets）, this paper gives rough law generation and the theorem of rough law generation.Based on these results above, the paper proposes rough law separation, the ...By using function S-rough sets（function singular rough sets）, this paper gives rough law generation and the theorem of rough law generation.Based on these results above, the paper proposes rough law separation, the theorem of rough law separation, the compound generation theorem of rough law bands, and the principle of rough law bands.In the end, an application of rough law separation in recognizing the risk law of profit is presented.展开更多
If a system is not disturbed （or invaded） by some law, there is no doubt that each system will move according to the expected law and keep stable. Although such a fact often appears, some unknown law breaks into the...If a system is not disturbed （or invaded） by some law, there is no doubt that each system will move according to the expected law and keep stable. Although such a fact often appears, some unknown law breaks into the system and leads it into turbulence. Using function one direction S-rough sets, this article gives the concept of the F-generation law in the system, the generation model of the F-generation law and the recognition method of the system law. Function one direction singular rough sets is a new theory and method in recognizing the disturbance law existing in the system and recognizing the system law.展开更多
The power relations in the TV program called If You Are the One will be explored from the perspective of the turns of different speakers on the different positions,such as the host,male vips,female vips and two co...The power relations in the TV program called If You Are the One will be explored from the perspective of the turns of different speakers on the different positions,such as the host,male vips,female vips and two commentators.Using both quantitative and qualitative methods,the reversion of the program,updated on June 9,2018 on the internet,is sampled.Then,the analyses on respective turns of different speakers are from two main perspectives of the turn-constructional component and turn-allocation component.The results show that the host has more power than others and the role two commentators play in the program is very important.Analyzing the power relations in these conversations of the program helps readers more positively and effectively understand the operation mechanism of this program after reversion.展开更多
An efficient method for the synthesis of novel pyrido[3＇＇,2＇＇：4＇,5＇]thieno[3＇,2＇：2,3]pyrido [4,5：d][1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-4-one derivatives（5） has been developed using a Pictet–Spengler reaction ...An efficient method for the synthesis of novel pyrido[3＇＇,2＇＇：4＇,5＇]thieno[3＇,2＇：2,3]pyrido [4,5：d][1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-4-one derivatives（5） has been developed using a Pictet–Spengler reaction between 2-（3-aminothieno[2,3-b]pyridin-2-yl）thiazolo[3,2-a] pyrimidin-5-one（3）, which could be obtained from the condensation of 7-（chloromethyl）-5H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one（1） with3-cyanopyridine-2-thione（2） via Thorpe–Ziegler isomerization, and aromatic aldehydes under NH2SO3 H as catalysis in good yields.展开更多
This article concerns the construction of approximate solutions for a general stochastic integrodifferential equation which is not explicitly solvable and whose coeffcients functionally depend on Lebesgue integrals an...This article concerns the construction of approximate solutions for a general stochastic integrodifferential equation which is not explicitly solvable and whose coeffcients functionally depend on Lebesgue integrals and stochastic integrals with respect to martingales. The approximate equations are linear ordinary stochastic differential equations, the solutions of which are defined on sub-intervals of an arbitrary partition of the time interval and connected at successive division points. The closeness of the initial and approximate solutions is measured in the L^p-th norm, uniformly on the time interval. The convergence with probability one is also given.展开更多
The emergence of mechanically one-way materials presents an exciting opportunity for materials science and engineering. These substances exhibit unique nonreciprocal mechanical responses, enabling them to selectively ...The emergence of mechanically one-way materials presents an exciting opportunity for materials science and engineering. These substances exhibit unique nonreciprocal mechanical responses, enabling them to selectively channel mechanical energy and facilitate directed sound propagation, controlled mass transport, and concentration of mechanical energy amidst random motion. This article explores the fundamentals of mechanically one-way materials, their potential applications across various industries, and the economic and environmental considerations related to their production and use.展开更多
Using dual function one direction S-rough sets, this article gives the f-law, the F-law, law distance and the concept of system law collided by the F-law. The characteristics presented by the system law collided by th...Using dual function one direction S-rough sets, this article gives the f-law, the F-law, law distance and the concept of system law collided by the F-law. The characteristics presented by the system law collided by the F-law, the recognition of these characteristics and recognition criterion are also proposed. The dual function one direction S-rough sets is one of the basic forms of function S-rough sets. Its basic theory and application in the study of system law collision are reviewed.展开更多
A mild and efficient enantioselective one-pot synthesis of β-sulfonyl ketones and trisubstituted tetrahydrothiophenes via introducing 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol to the simple kinetic resolution of β-sulfonyl ketones has ...A mild and efficient enantioselective one-pot synthesis of β-sulfonyl ketones and trisubstituted tetrahydrothiophenes via introducing 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol to the simple kinetic resolution of β-sulfonyl ketones has been described herein. The one-pot reaction sequence including kinetic resolution and cascade sulfa-Michael/Aldol reaction proceeded successively to afford corresponding sulfonyl ketones and tetrahydrothiophenes with high enantioselectivities（85%-98% ee and 84%-95% ee）.展开更多
The x-ray energies and transition rates associated with single and double electron radiative transitions from the double K hole state 2s2p to the 1s2s and 1s^2 configurations of 11 selected He-like ions(10 ≤ Z ≤ 47)...The x-ray energies and transition rates associated with single and double electron radiative transitions from the double K hole state 2s2p to the 1s2s and 1s^2 configurations of 11 selected He-like ions(10 ≤ Z ≤ 47) are calculated using the fully relativistic multi-configuration Dirac–Fock method(MCDF). An appropriate electron correlation model is constructed with the aid of the active space method, which allows the electron correlation effects to be studied efficiently. The contributions of the electron correlation and the Breit interaction to the transition properties are analyzed in detail. It is found that the two-electron one-photon(TEOP) transition is correlation sensitive. The Breit interaction and electron correlation both contribute significantly to the radiative transition properties of the double K hole state of the He-like ions. Good agreement between the present calculation and previous work is achieved. The calculated data will be helpful to future investigations on double K hole decay processes of He-like ions.展开更多
<u>Background:</u><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Extracorporeal</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-fami...<u>Background:</u><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Extracorporeal</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">membrane oxygenation is a rescue life support technique used in life threatening</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">conditions of refractory respiratory and/or cardiac distress. Indication for extracorporeal life support in children</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">depends on age and varies from pulmonary to cardiac pathologies. In some cases</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> it may be used as a bridge to a</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">therapeutic procedure.</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">We described here the management of respiratory failure due to hemoptysis in a child with a Fontan circulation</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation which served as a bridge to angio-embolization. Hemoptysis can be a life threatening condition which can lead to hypovolemic shock and impaired alveolar gas</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">exchange. The latter can result in respiratory failure and consequent asphyxia.</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">When hemoptysis occurs in a patient with a univentricular</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">heart and a Fontan circulation, management of this</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">clinical situation can be challenging due to the particular physiology of the latter. Total cavopulmonary connection is a palliative surgical repair which constitutes Fontan circulation as a definitive treatment in patients with a univentricular heart. </span><u><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods:</span></u><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Case report description of a 16 year-old boy with a univentricular heart and a Fontan circulation</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">who presented hemoptysis managed with a veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">bridge to angio-embolization. </span><u><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></u><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Hemoptysis due to diffuse intra-alveolar hemorrhage from collateral circulation was successfully treated</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in this young patient with pulmonary vascular embolization. This allowed to wean the patient from</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation. </span><u><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></u><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Veno-venous ECMO can be life-saving as a bridge to angio-embolization for severe hemoptysis in</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">patients with Fontan circulation. The reported case allows to underline that </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">our multidisciplinary approach in</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">this complex pediatric patient surely</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> participated to improve outcome.</span>展开更多
文摘The search for mechanical properties of materials reached a highly acclaimed level, when indentations could be analysed on the basis of elastic theory for hardness and elastic modulus. The mathematical formulas proved to be very complicated, and various trials were published between the 1900s and 2000s. The development of indentation instruments and the wish to make the application in numerous steps easier, led in 1992 to trials with iterations by using relative values instead of absolute ones. Excessive iterations of computers with 3 + 8 free parameters of the loading and unloading curves became possible and were implemented into the instruments and worldwide standards. The physical formula for hardness was defined as force over area. For the conical, pyramidal, and spherical indenters, one simply took the projected area for the calculation of the indentation depth from the projected area, adjusted it later by the iterations with respect to fused quartz or aluminium as standard materials, and called it “contact height”. Continuously measured indentation loading curves were formulated as loading force over depth square. The unloading curves after release of the indenter used the initial steepness of the pressure relief for the calculation of what was (and is) incorrectly called “Young’s modulus”. But it is not unidirectional. And for the spherical indentations’ loading curve, they defined the indentation force over depth raised to 3/2 (but without R/h correction). They till now (2025) violate the energy law, because they use all applied force for the indenter depth and ignore the obvious sidewise force upon indentation (cf. e.g. the wood cleaving). The various refinements led to more and more complicated formulas that could not be reasonably calculated with them. One decided to use 3 + 8 free-parameter iterations for fitting to the (poor) standards of fused quartz or aluminium. The mechanical values of these were considered to be “true”. This is till now the worldwide standard of DIN-ISO-ASTM-14577, avoiding overcomplicated formulas with their complexity. Some of these are shown in the Introduction Section. By doing so, one avoided the understanding of indentation results on a physical basis. However, we open a simple way to obtain absolute values (though still on the blackbox instrument’s unsuitable force calibration). We do not iterate but calculate algebraically on the basis of the correct, physically deduced exponent of the loading force parabolas with h3/2 instead of false “h2” (for the spherical indentation, there is a calotte-radius over depth correction), and we reveal the physical errors taken up in the official worldwide “14577-Standard”. Importantly, we reveal the hitherto fully overlooked phase transitions under load that are not detectable with the false exponent. Phase-transition twinning is even present and falsifies the iteration standards. Instead of elasticity theory, we use the well-defined geometry of these indentations. By doing so, we reach simple algebraically calculable formulas and find the physical indentation hardness of materials with their onset depth, onset force and energy, as well as their phase-transition energy (temperature dependent also its activation energy). The most important phase transitions are our absolute algebraically calculated results. The now most easily obtained phase transitions under load are very dangerous because they produce polymorph interfaces between the changed and the unchanged material. It was found and published by high-enlargement microscopy (5000-fold) that these trouble spots are the sites for the development of stable, 1 to 2 µm long, micro-cracks (stable for months). If however, a force higher than the one of their formation occurs to them, these grow to catastrophic crash. That works equally with turbulences at the pickle fork of airliners. After the publication of these facts and after three fatal crashing had occurred in a short sequence, FAA (Federal Aviation Agency) reacted by rechecking all airplanes for such micro cracks. These were now found in a new fleet of airliners from where the three crashed ones came. These were previously overlooked. FAA became aware of that risk and grounded 290 (certainly all) of them, because the material of these did not have higher phase-transition onset and energy than other airplanes with better material. They did so despite the 14577-Standard that does not find (and thus formally forbids) phase transitions under indenter load with the false exponent on the indentation parabola. However, this “Standard” will, despite the present author’s well-founded petition, not be corrected for the next 5 years.
文摘We reduce the initial value problem for the generalized Schroedinger equation with piecewise-constant leading coefficient to the system of Volterra type integral equations and construct new useful integral representations for the fundamental solutions of the Schroedinger equation. We also investigate some significant properties of the kernels of these integral representations. The integral representations of fundamental solutions enable to obtain the basic integral equations, which are a powerful tool for solving inverse spectral problems.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 61533008, 61374115, 61328301 and 61603181)the Funding of Jiangsu Innovation Program for Graduate Education of China (No. KYLX16_0379)the Open Fund of State Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University of China (No.17P02)
文摘Advanced Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring(ARAIM) is a new technology that will provide worldwide coverage of vertical guidance in aviation navigation. The ARAIM performance and improvement under depleted constellations is a practical problem that needs to be faced and researched further. It is a shortcut that improves the availability in position domain whose key idea is to replace the conventional least squares process with a non-least-squares estimator to lower the integrity risk in exchange for a slight increase in nominal position error. The contributions given in this paper include two parts: First, the impacts of one satellite outage on different constellations are analyzed and compared. The conclusion is that GPS is more sensitive and vulnerable to one satellite outage. Second, a constellation weighted ARAIM(CW-ARAIM)position estimator is proposed. The position solution is replaced by a constellation weighted average solution to eliminate the constellation difference. The new solution will move close to the constellation solutions with respect to the accuracy requirement. The simulation results under baseline GPS and Galileo dual-constellation show that the one GPS satellite outage will knock the availability from 91% to only 50%. The performance remains stable with one Galileo satellite outage. With the assistance of the CW-ARAIM method, the availability can increase from 50% to more than80% under depleted GPS configurations. Even without any satellite outage, the proposed method can effectively improve the availability from 91.29% to 98.75%. The test results under optimistic constellations further verify that a balanced constellation is more important than more satellites on orbit and the superiority of CW-ARAIM method is still effective.
文摘Bayesian predictive probability density function is obtained when the underlying pop-ulation distribution is exponentiated and subjective prior is used. The corresponding predictive survival function is then obtained and used in constructing 100(1 – ?)% predictive interval, using one- and two- sample schemes when the size of the future sample is fixed and random. In the random case, the size of the future sample is assumed to follow the truncated Poisson distribution with parameter λ. Special attention is paid to the exponentiated Burr type XII population, from which the data are drawn. Two illustrative examples are given, one of which uses simulated data and the other uses data that represent the breaking strength of 64 single carbon fibers of length 10, found in Lawless [40].
基金Supported by National High Technology Research and Development Program of China("863"Program,No.2012AA051705)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51109160)International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of China(No.2012DFA70490)
文摘In 2010,the first offshore wind turbine with integrated installation was established in Qidong sea area of Jiangsu Province,China,which led to the implementation phase of one-step-installation technique based on the design and construction of large-scale bucket-top-bearing (LSBTB) bucket foundation.The critical technique of LSBTB bucket foundation included self-floating towing,penetration with adjustment of horizontal levelness,removability and one-step-installation.The process of one-step-installation included the prefabrication of LSBTB bucket foundation in onshore construction base,installation and debugging of wind power,overall water transportation of foundation and wind power system,and installation of foundation and offshore wind turbine on the appointed sea area.The cost of one-step-installation technique was about 5 000 Yuan/kW,which was 30%-50% lower than that of the existing technique.The prefabrication of LSBTB bucket foundation took about two months.During the one-step-installation process,the installation and debugging of wind power and overall water transportation need about one to two days in sea area within 35 m depth.After the proposed technique is industrialized,the cost will be further reduced,and the installation capacity is expected to be up to 500 wind turbines per year.
文摘This paper is a continuation of one published in this journal nine months ago. The two papers present a model of cavitational luminescence (CL), multi-bubble sonoluminescence (MBSL), one-bubble sonoluminescence (OBSL), and laser-induced bubble luminescence (LIBL). The basis of this model is the PeTa (Perel’man-Tatartchenko) effect, a nonequilibrium characteristic radiation under first-order phase transitions, especially vapour condensation. In this model, the main role is given to the liquid, where the evaporation, condensation, flash, and subsequent collapse of bubbles occur. The instantaneous vapour condensation inside the bubble is a reason for the CL/MBSL/OBSL/LIBL. Apparently, the dissolved gases and other impurities in the liquid are responsible for peaks that appear at the background of the main spectrum. They are most likely excited by a shock wave occurred during the collapse. This paper, in contrast to the previous one, presents a slightly expanded model that explains additional experimental data concerning especially the LIBL spectrum. As a result, today we are not aware of any experimental data that would contradict the PeTa model, and we continue to assert that there is no mystery to the CL/MBSL/OBSL/LIBL phenomena, as well as no reason to hope that they can be used for high-temperature chemical reactions, and even more so for a thermonuclear ones.
文摘Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is a heterogeneous and complex disease that is imprecisely diagnosed by liver biopsy.NAFLD covers a spectrum that ranges from simple steatosis,nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)with varying degrees of fibrosis,to cirrhosis,which is a major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma.Lifestyle and eating habit changes during the last century have made NAFLD the most common liver disease linked to obesity,type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia,with a global prevalence of 25%.NAFLD arises when the uptake of fatty acids(FA)and triglycerides(TG)from circulation and de novo lipogenesis saturate the rate of FAβ-oxidation and verylow density lipoprotein(VLDL)-TG export.Deranged lipid metabolism is also associated with NAFLD progression from steatosis to NASH,and therefore,alterations in liver and serum lipidomic signatures are good indicators of the disease’s development and progression.This review focuses on the importance of the classification of NAFLD patients into different subtypes,corresponding to the main alteration(s)in the major pathways that regulate FA homeostasis leading,in each case,to the initiation and progression of NASH.This concept also supports the targeted intervention as a key approach to maximize therapeutic efficacy and opens the door to the development of precise NASH treatments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51378293 and 51078199)
文摘This paper presents a strategy for computation of super-convergent solutions of multi-dimensional problems in the finite element method （FEM） by recursive application of the one-dimensional （1D） element energy projection （EEP） technique. The main idea is to conceptually treat multi-dimensional problems as generalized 1D problems, based on which the concepts of generalized 1D FEM and its consequent EEP formulae have been developed in a unified manner. Equipped with these concepts, multi-dimensional problems can be recursively discretized in one dimension at each step, until a fully discretized standard finite element （FE） model is reached. This conceptual dimension-by- dimension （D-by-D） discretization procedure is entirely equivalent to a full FE discretization. As a reverse D-by-D recovery procedure, by using the unified EEP formulae together with proper extraction of the generalized nodal solutions, super-convergent displacements and first derivatives for two-dimensional （2D） and three-dimensional （3D） problems can be obtained over the domain. Numerical examples of 3D Poisson＇s equation and elasticity problem are given to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China (Y2004A04)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China (Z0511049).
文摘Using function one direction S-rough sets （function one direction singular rough sets）, f-law and F- law and the concept of law distance and the concept of system law collided by F-law are given. Using these concepts, state characteristic presented by system law collided by F-law and recognition of these states characteristic and recognition criterion and applications are given. Function one direction S-rough sets is one of basic forms of function S-rough sets （function singular rough sets）. Function one direction S-rough sets is importance theory and is a method in studying system law collision.
基金supported partly by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China (Y2007Ho2)the Elementary and Advanced Technology Foundation of Henan Province of China (082300410040)
文摘By using function S-rough sets（function singular rough sets）, this paper gives rough law generation and the theorem of rough law generation.Based on these results above, the paper proposes rough law separation, the theorem of rough law separation, the compound generation theorem of rough law bands, and the principle of rough law bands.In the end, an application of rough law separation in recognizing the risk law of profit is presented.
基金This project was supported by the Ministry of Education of China (206089)Shangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Y2004A04)Fujian Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Z051049).
文摘If a system is not disturbed （or invaded） by some law, there is no doubt that each system will move according to the expected law and keep stable. Although such a fact often appears, some unknown law breaks into the system and leads it into turbulence. Using function one direction S-rough sets, this article gives the concept of the F-generation law in the system, the generation model of the F-generation law and the recognition method of the system law. Function one direction singular rough sets is a new theory and method in recognizing the disturbance law existing in the system and recognizing the system law.
文摘The power relations in the TV program called If You Are the One will be explored from the perspective of the turns of different speakers on the different positions,such as the host,male vips,female vips and two commentators.Using both quantitative and qualitative methods,the reversion of the program,updated on June 9,2018 on the internet,is sampled.Then,the analyses on respective turns of different speakers are from two main perspectives of the turn-constructional component and turn-allocation component.The results show that the host has more power than others and the role two commentators play in the program is very important.Analyzing the power relations in these conversations of the program helps readers more positively and effectively understand the operation mechanism of this program after reversion.
文摘An efficient method for the synthesis of novel pyrido[3＇＇,2＇＇：4＇,5＇]thieno[3＇,2＇：2,3]pyrido [4,5：d][1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-4-one derivatives（5） has been developed using a Pictet–Spengler reaction between 2-（3-aminothieno[2,3-b]pyridin-2-yl）thiazolo[3,2-a] pyrimidin-5-one（3）, which could be obtained from the condensation of 7-（chloromethyl）-5H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one（1） with3-cyanopyridine-2-thione（2） via Thorpe–Ziegler isomerization, and aromatic aldehydes under NH2SO3 H as catalysis in good yields.
文摘This article concerns the construction of approximate solutions for a general stochastic integrodifferential equation which is not explicitly solvable and whose coeffcients functionally depend on Lebesgue integrals and stochastic integrals with respect to martingales. The approximate equations are linear ordinary stochastic differential equations, the solutions of which are defined on sub-intervals of an arbitrary partition of the time interval and connected at successive division points. The closeness of the initial and approximate solutions is measured in the L^p-th norm, uniformly on the time interval. The convergence with probability one is also given.
文摘The emergence of mechanically one-way materials presents an exciting opportunity for materials science and engineering. These substances exhibit unique nonreciprocal mechanical responses, enabling them to selectively channel mechanical energy and facilitate directed sound propagation, controlled mass transport, and concentration of mechanical energy amidst random motion. This article explores the fundamentals of mechanically one-way materials, their potential applications across various industries, and the economic and environmental considerations related to their production and use.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China (Y2004A04)Education Hall Foundation of Fujian Education Official of China(JA04268).
文摘Using dual function one direction S-rough sets, this article gives the f-law, the F-law, law distance and the concept of system law collided by the F-law. The characteristics presented by the system law collided by the F-law, the recognition of these characteristics and recognition criterion are also proposed. The dual function one direction S-rough sets is one of the basic forms of function S-rough sets. Its basic theory and application in the study of system law collision are reviewed.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in China(No. CQDXWL-2014-2003)the Scientific Research Foundation of China(No. 21402016)Graduate Scientific Research and Innovation Foundation of Chongqing, China (Nos. CYS17044, CYB16032)
文摘A mild and efficient enantioselective one-pot synthesis of β-sulfonyl ketones and trisubstituted tetrahydrothiophenes via introducing 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol to the simple kinetic resolution of β-sulfonyl ketones has been described herein. The one-pot reaction sequence including kinetic resolution and cascade sulfa-Michael/Aldol reaction proceeded successively to afford corresponding sulfonyl ketones and tetrahydrothiophenes with high enantioselectivities（85%-98% ee and 84%-95% ee）.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U1832126 and 11874051)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFA0402300)。
文摘The x-ray energies and transition rates associated with single and double electron radiative transitions from the double K hole state 2s2p to the 1s2s and 1s^2 configurations of 11 selected He-like ions(10 ≤ Z ≤ 47) are calculated using the fully relativistic multi-configuration Dirac–Fock method(MCDF). An appropriate electron correlation model is constructed with the aid of the active space method, which allows the electron correlation effects to be studied efficiently. The contributions of the electron correlation and the Breit interaction to the transition properties are analyzed in detail. It is found that the two-electron one-photon(TEOP) transition is correlation sensitive. The Breit interaction and electron correlation both contribute significantly to the radiative transition properties of the double K hole state of the He-like ions. Good agreement between the present calculation and previous work is achieved. The calculated data will be helpful to future investigations on double K hole decay processes of He-like ions.
文摘<u>Background:</u><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Extracorporeal</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">membrane oxygenation is a rescue life support technique used in life threatening</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">conditions of refractory respiratory and/or cardiac distress. Indication for extracorporeal life support in children</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">depends on age and varies from pulmonary to cardiac pathologies. In some cases</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> it may be used as a bridge to a</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">therapeutic procedure.</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">We described here the management of respiratory failure due to hemoptysis in a child with a Fontan circulation</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation which served as a bridge to angio-embolization. Hemoptysis can be a life threatening condition which can lead to hypovolemic shock and impaired alveolar gas</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">exchange. The latter can result in respiratory failure and consequent asphyxia.</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">When hemoptysis occurs in a patient with a univentricular</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">heart and a Fontan circulation, management of this</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">clinical situation can be challenging due to the particular physiology of the latter. Total cavopulmonary connection is a palliative surgical repair which constitutes Fontan circulation as a definitive treatment in patients with a univentricular heart. </span><u><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods:</span></u><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Case report description of a 16 year-old boy with a univentricular heart and a Fontan circulation</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">who presented hemoptysis managed with a veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">bridge to angio-embolization. </span><u><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></u><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Hemoptysis due to diffuse intra-alveolar hemorrhage from collateral circulation was successfully treated</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in this young patient with pulmonary vascular embolization. This allowed to wean the patient from</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation. </span><u><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></u><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Veno-venous ECMO can be life-saving as a bridge to angio-embolization for severe hemoptysis in</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">patients with Fontan circulation. The reported case allows to underline that </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">our multidisciplinary approach in</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">this complex pediatric patient surely</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> participated to improve outcome.</span>
