This study aims to investigate the antioxidant potential,bioactive retention,and antidepressant effects of native and encapsulated oleoresins from pepper,turmeric,and chili to enhance their therapeutic efficacy.The ma...This study aims to investigate the antioxidant potential,bioactive retention,and antidepressant effects of native and encapsulated oleoresins from pepper,turmeric,and chili to enhance their therapeutic efficacy.The major challenge in utilizing spice oleoresins is their low bioavailability and stability,which this study addresses through nano-encapsulation using hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin(HpBcD).The encapsulated oleoresins were evaluated for their total polyphenol,flavonoid content,and antioxidant activity,revealing that turmeric oleo resin(TOR)demonstrated the highest antioxidant potential,followed by chili(COR)and pepper(POR).How ever,nano-encapsulation reduced antioxidant activity by 50-60%,although it significantly improved the stability and bioavailability of bioactives.Molecular docking studies further confirmed strong binding affinities between bioactive compounds(piperine,curcumin,and capsaicin)and depression-related proteins,including serotonin,Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor(BDNF),and Monoamine Oxidase(MAO),indicating potential antidepressant effects.This study highlights the novelty of nano-encapsulation in enhancing the bioactivity and therapeutic potential of spice oleoresins,offering promising insights for developing natural antidepressant for-mulations or functional foods to combat depression and neurodegenerative disorders.展开更多
Mexican oregano(Lippia graveolens Kunth)is an aromatic species of high culinary and medicinal relevance.In Mexico,more than 40 taxa with characteristic aroma and flavor are commercially recognized as oregano,with L.gr...Mexican oregano(Lippia graveolens Kunth)is an aromatic species of high culinary and medicinal relevance.In Mexico,more than 40 taxa with characteristic aroma and flavor are commercially recognized as oregano,with L.graveolens being the most widely distributed and economically important.Despite its relevance,few domesticated or semi-domesticated cultivars exist,and wild populations remain the main source of raw material,raising concerns regarding sustainability and quality standardization.The essential oil and oleoresins of L.graveolens possess recognized bioactivity,including antioxidant,antifungal,antibacterial,and anti-inflammatory properties,largely attributed to phenolic compounds such as thymol and carvacrol.Given the increasing global demand for natural bioactives and functional foods,optimizing cultivation practices is essential to enhance both the yield and phytochemical quality of this species.This study evaluated the effect of organic fertilization(0,5,10,and 15 t ha^(−1)of vermicompost)on the phenolic profile,flavonoid content,and antioxidant capacity of oregano oleoresin obtained from a semi-domesticated population across three harvests.The highest phenolic concentration(≈500 mg GAE g^(−1)extract)and greatest antioxidant activity(ABTS>3.5×10^(5)μmol TE g^(−1)extract)were observed at the 5 t ha^(−1)dose during the second harvest.Flavonoid content peaked in the third harvest(480-620 mg QE g^(−1)extract),whereas the unfertilized control exhibited the highest DPPH activity in the first harvest.Overall,the results indicate that vermicompost dosage and harvest timing substantially influence the functional quality of L.graveolens.Moderate organic fertilization,particularly 5 t ha^(−1),enhances the biosynthesis of bioactive secondary metabolites,underscoring its potential for sustainable production systems.展开更多
The volatile oil was extracted from Curcuma longa and Turmeric oleoresin by Soxhelt method with petroleum ether.All the volatile oil was analyzed of chemical component by the method of GC-MS,the relative contents of t...The volatile oil was extracted from Curcuma longa and Turmeric oleoresin by Soxhelt method with petroleum ether.All the volatile oil was analyzed of chemical component by the method of GC-MS,the relative contents of these compounds were calculated using square peaks to normalization.On the volatile oil of Curcuma longa 35 peaks were separated and 21 compounds were identified,which accounted for 89.10%,the main chemical constituents was (-)-Zingiberene(22.12%),β-Sesquiphellandrene(15.24%),α-Turmerone (11.30%),β-Turmerone (8.87%),Ar-turmerone(8.20%),but on the volatile oil of Turmeric oleoresin 32 peaks were separated,of which 21 compounds were identified,which accounted for 90.12% the main chemical constituents was (-)-Zingiberene(23.92%),β-Sesquiphellandrene(15.73%),Ar-turmerone(12.89%),β-Turmerone(10.85%).展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of Pistacia atlantica Desf. oleoresin essential oil on peptic ulcer(PU) and its antibacterial effect on metronidazole-resistant Helicobacter pylori, as well as chemi-cal composition...OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of Pistacia atlantica Desf. oleoresin essential oil on peptic ulcer(PU) and its antibacterial effect on metronidazole-resistant Helicobacter pylori, as well as chemi-cal composition of the essential oil.METHODS: The essential oil was standardized using gas chromatography mass spectrometry(GC/MS) analysis. Acute toxicity of the essential oil was assessed in animal model. In vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori activity was performed through disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration method. For gastroprotective assay, rats received Pistacia atlantica Desf. essential oil(25, 50 and 100 mg/kg orally) 1 h before induction of ulcer by ethanol.Macroscopic(ulcer index and protection rate) and microscopic examination were performed.RESULTS: The GC/MS analysis of the essential oil led to the identification of twenty constituents andα-pinene is predominant constituent. The essential oil was safe up to 2000 mg/kg. All Helicobacter pylori strains were susceptible to the essential oil and the MIC ranged from 275 to 1100 μg/m L. The ulcer index for treated groups was significantly reduced compared to control(P < 0.001) with EC50 value of 12.32 mg/kg. In microscopic examination, Pistacia atlantica attenuated destruction and necrosis of gastric tissue.CONCLUSION: Current study exhibited protective effect of standardized Pistacia atlantica essential oil against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer and its antibacterial activity on Helicobacter pylori. α-pinene might be the responsible agent.展开更多
Alternate bearing habit, a common phenomenon prevalent in some of the fruit trees is observed in black pepper variety Panniyur-1 also. In this study, an attempt was made to investigate the role of carbohydrates, miner...Alternate bearing habit, a common phenomenon prevalent in some of the fruit trees is observed in black pepper variety Panniyur-1 also. In this study, an attempt was made to investigate the role of carbohydrates, mineral nutrients and plant hormones (IAA and zeatin riboside) in alternate bearing in Panniyur-1 variety. The experiment was conducted for three consecutive years at Murugarajendra estate, Madikeri, Karnataka, India (12.42。N, 75.73。E). Carbohydrate, mineral nutrient and plant hormone (IAA and zeatin riboside) statuses of the leaves as well as fruiting branches (stem) were compared between good fruiting year (on year) and low fruiting year (off year). Results revealed that concentration of mineral nutrients in leaves was more during on year compared to off year while the reverse was true on the stem. Both stem and leaf metabolite levels at harvest were higher in off year compared to on year suggesting that remobilization of nutrients to the developing berries must have been affected during off year, thus leading to accumulation of more nutrients at harvest in off year compared to on year. Leaf had higher concentration of most of mineral nutrients compared to stem. Spraying of 1% solution of complex fertilizer 19:19:19 (percent N:P:K) three times at an interval of 3 weeks from flower primordial initiation to flowering period enhanced the yield to the extent of around 30% during off year. Auxin to cytokinin ratio was 6.6 and 6.1 in on year and 6.3 and 5.7 in off year at flowering and 3 months after flowering respectively, suggesting that this ratio itself may not play a major role in flowering during on and off years, though the ratio was slightly more during on year. Results of the study indicate that efficient utilization of metabolites and nutrients in on year may render vine weak in the subsequent year coupled with poor remobilization into developing berries, which could make it an off year.展开更多
Oleoresin is a major non-forest product collected from commercially mature or near mature pine trees. Efforts have been made to increase oleoresin yield, but basically limited to the genetic improvement of planting ma...Oleoresin is a major non-forest product collected from commercially mature or near mature pine trees. Efforts have been made to increase oleoresin yield, but basically limited to the genetic improvement of planting materials and the application of chemical stimulants to tapping surface of trees. Nutrition management may play a role, particularly for pine stands suffering from soil acidification and degradation. We set up a field experiment including application of water retainer, NPK complex fertilizer, lime and borax in different combinations to pine stands for oleoresin tapping with extremely low soil pH value and nutrition. Lime significantly affected the annual yield of oleoresin tapped from two pine species studied (P < 0.05). Among 3 levels of lime applied (0, 100, 200 g/tree), the oleoresin yield increased as the dose increased in slash pine, but was highest at 100 g/tree in masson pine. The doses of 167 g and 133 g of lime per tree were optimal or close to be optimal for slash pine and masson pine, respectively. The effects of other three matters applied were statistically insignificant (P > 0.10). In addition, all of the four matters applied did not influence the growth of both pine species. We concluded that proper use of lime alone may generate 15% to 35% of gain in oleoresin production for pine plantations with similar soil conditions in the region. We also discussed the potential of comprehensive soil or site management, and proposed further research for improvement of pine oleoresin production.展开更多
The method of reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography was established for the determination of effective components in OC-CS spray using double wavelength UV detection.The method was utilized under follo...The method of reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography was established for the determination of effective components in OC-CS spray using double wavelength UV detection.The method was utilized under following conditions:a column of Kromasil C18(250 mm × 4.6 mm,5 μm),mobile phase consisting of methanol/water(80 /20) at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min,column temperature of 25 ℃,and the UV detection at 227 nm and 300 nm.Three key components in OC-CS spray could be distinguished clearly,including o-chlorobenzalmalononitrile(CS),oleoresin capsicum(OC) and dihydrocapsaicin(DC).This method has the advantages of fast,simple and satisfactory linear relationship between UV absorption and concentration.It may be considered to turn into a standard method for detection of related components in the spray.展开更多
Earlier it has been observed that oleoresin of Zingiber officinale is a potent molluscicide ag- ainst Lymnaea acuminata. This snail is the vector of Fasciola species, which cause ende- mic fascioliasis in eastern Utta...Earlier it has been observed that oleoresin of Zingiber officinale is a potent molluscicide ag- ainst Lymnaea acuminata. This snail is the vector of Fasciola species, which cause ende- mic fascioliasis in eastern Uttar Pradesh. As this snail breeds and maintain their population constant through out the year, so that the present study has been designed to find out the effect of variations in some environmental factors in different seasons, on the molluscicidal activity of oleoresin of Zingiber officinale and its relative effect on certain enzymes viz., acetylcholinesterase, acid and alkaline phosphatases in the nervous tissue of the snail Lymnaea acuminata. In this study temperature, pH, dissolve oxygen, free carbon dioxide, conductivity of the water in control, as well as molluscicide treated water, was measured simultaneously. LC50 value of oleoresin was determined in each month of the year. Toxicity of oleoresin in June-July (24 h LC50 16.54-14.28 mgL-1) is highest. Acetylcholinesterase, acid and alkaline phosphatases activity in the nervous tissue of the snails treated with sub-lethal concentration of oleoresin was simultaneously measured. Sig- nificant positive rank correlation, in between the acetylcholinesterase or acid phosphatase activity and LC50 of oleoresin was observed. The pre- sent study conclusively shows that variant abi- otic factors can significantly alter the toxicity of oleoresin of Z. officinale in L. acuminata. The most suitable period for control of L. acuminata is June-July.展开更多
Microorganism resistance to the existing products is yet another difficulty that agriculturalists have to deal with. In this context, the search for new agricultural products that can fight phytopathogens has become i...Microorganism resistance to the existing products is yet another difficulty that agriculturalists have to deal with. In this context, the search for new agricultural products that can fight phytopathogens has become increasingly important. Plants have played an important role in this process, because they can serve as a source of new compounds for drug discovery. Plants belonging to the genus Pinus produce an oleoresin that protects the plant against herbivores and pathogens. With a view to developing products that can combat fungal pathogens without harming the environment, this work aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of the oleoresins and fractions of Pinus elliottii Engelm and Pinus tropicalis against phytopathogens. The methodology based on NCCLS M38-A standards aided antifungal activity assessment. The microdilution method helped to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC). The oleoresins of P. elliottii and P. tropicalis afforded the most significant results—they displayed fungicidal activity against all the tested species. MIC values were promising, especially the MIC of the oleoresin of P. elliottii against S. rolfsii (1.95 μg·mL-1). The MIC values of the oleoresins of P. elliottii and P. tropicalis ranged from 1.95 to 1000 μg·mL-1 and from 31.25 to 250 μg·mL-1, respectively. Fraction PT2 of P. tropicalis furnished the best results among all the assayed fractions: MIC values lay between 125 and 500 μg·mL-11. In conclusion, the oleoresin of P. tropicalis is a promising source of new antifungal agents for application in the treatment of phytopathogenic infections.展开更多
Objective:This study investigated the oral bioavailability and anti-obesity effects of oleoresin extracted from seeds of Nigella sativa L.(NS),in high-fat-diet-fed C57BL/6 mice.NS is rich in polyphenols,flavonoids,and...Objective:This study investigated the oral bioavailability and anti-obesity effects of oleoresin extracted from seeds of Nigella sativa L.(NS),in high-fat-diet-fed C57BL/6 mice.NS is rich in polyphenols,flavonoids,and unsaturated fatty acids;known for their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.However,its role in modulating lipid and energy metabolism remains unexplored.Methods:Oleoresin was administered orally as well as intravenously(IV),and whole blood was collected at predetermined time points.Thymoquinone(TQ)concentration in plasma was quantified using HPLC.For antiobesity assessment,36 male C57BL/6 mice were divided into six groups,one normal diet and five HFD groups.NS oleoresin was administered daily at doses 50,100,and 200 mg/kg body weight(BW)for 8 weeks.Results:Treatment groups showed significant reductions in body weight,blood glucose,LDL,triglycerides,total cholesterol,and liver size,along with an increase in HDL levels.Gene expression analysis revealed that oleoresin downregulated CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha(C/EBPα)and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARγ)expression,while slightly upregulating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPKα)gene in the higher dose group.Although the mitochondrial uncoupling protein(UCP1)was not significantly altered,expression of sirtuin 1 and PGC-1,was enhanced indicating enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis,insulin sensitivity and weight reduction.Histopathological examination showed reversal of hepatic steatosis,as well as regular-sized adipocytes in dose-dependent treatment.Conclusion:NS seed oleoresin supplementation may reduce the BW and lipid profile induced by HFD when given in higher doses via activation of AMPK/SIRT1 pathway,potentially serving as a functional food therapeutic against obesity and related complications.展开更多
Pinus elliottii oleoresin(PEO)is a renewable feedstock for producing rosin and turpentine,yet storage-induced enzymatic browning can markedly impair the color quality of PEO and downstream rosin products.Rosin-derived...Pinus elliottii oleoresin(PEO)is a renewable feedstock for producing rosin and turpentine,yet storage-induced enzymatic browning can markedly impair the color quality of PEO and downstream rosin products.Rosin-derived materials are used in food-related products,including beverage emulsions and food-contact pack-aging;therefore,maintaining color stability is important for both consumer acceptance and commercial value.In this study,enzymatic browning in wet-stored PEO was linked to the leaching of phenolics from impurity pine needles into the aqueous phase.Polyphenol oxidase(PPO)was extracted from Pinus elliottii needles and char-acterized.The enzyme showed maximal activity at pH 7.0 and 35℃ and retained more than 80%activity over pH 6.5-7.5.Thermal deactivation kinetics indicated that the enzyme is heat sensitive.The enzyme exhibited high affinity toward epicatechin(Km=5.93 mM).A PEO browning model based on epicatechin was established,and the Weibull model accurately described browning development,supporting enzymatic browning as a key contributor to color deterioration during storage.L-cysteine(L-Cys)was evaluated as an antibrowning agent and showed a mixed inhibition pattern in kinetic assays;fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular docking suggested that its interaction with the enzyme is mainly stabilized by hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic contacts.Overall,this work clarifies the biochemical origin of oleoresin discoloration and provides a mechanistic basis for miti-gating rosin darkening during storage.展开更多
Many investigations have been carried out analyzing the characteristics of various materials for development of edible coatings/films for food applications.Subsequent modifications for improvement and ameliorating the...Many investigations have been carried out analyzing the characteristics of various materials for development of edible coatings/films for food applications.Subsequent modifications for improvement and ameliorating the film/coating characteristics has been the pivot of research in the last decade.An inclination has developed among researchers towards use of plant-based active substances for development of food products and food packaging.Plant based materials have been widely used as antioxidants or antimicrobials in film/coating formulations.Such materials include plant extracts,essential oils,oleoresins,and plant exudates.The compounds present in these materials mostly perform the antibacterial,antiviral,antifungal,antioxidant,and anti-browning functions.Such compounds may also be isolated from plant materials and then incorporated into edible coatings/films.This document is a comprehensive review describing the plant derived active substances used as antimicrobial and antioxidant components in edible films/coating.It also focuses on their applications for improving quality of different foods along with their safety regulations.展开更多
This research evaluated the influence of natural emulsifier on the emulsion particle size of the black pepper oleoresin combined with a sucrose solution,and its effects on the kinetics of chayote osmodehydration and t...This research evaluated the influence of natural emulsifier on the emulsion particle size of the black pepper oleoresin combined with a sucrose solution,and its effects on the kinetics of chayote osmodehydration and the extent of piperine fortification.Macroemulsions with gum arabic(GA)and nanoemulsions with whey protein concentrate(WPC)were prepared in a 50%sucrose solution.The mean particle size and polydispersity index of both sucrose-emulsion solutions were determined using dynamic light scattering,and the kinetics of water loss(WFL),solids gain(SG),water activity(aw),and water diffusion coefficients(Dw)were obtained during the osmotic processing(25-45℃).With a particle size of 165 nm,the WPC nanoemulsion had a higher viscosity than the GA emulsion,which measured 655 nm making them susceptible to coalescence.Scanning electron micrographs revealed that during osmotic dehydration,the WPC nanoemulsions formed dense layers within the chayote tissue.This resulted in reduced water loss kinetics and diffusivity,particularly at high temperatures.In terms of fortifying chayote with piperine,the use of a macroemulsion resulted in greater rates of impregnation(0.12 mg piperine(g wet solids min)^(-1))compared to the nanoemulsion,which had rates of 0.04 mg piperine(g wet solids min)^(-1).After 420 min of osmodehydration,it was observed that the GA macroemulsion resulted in higher levels of piperine impregnation than the WPC nanoemulsion.These findings have important implications for successfully fortifying fruits and vegetables with lipophilic bioactive compounds using emulsions in combination with the osmotic dehydration technique.展开更多
文摘This study aims to investigate the antioxidant potential,bioactive retention,and antidepressant effects of native and encapsulated oleoresins from pepper,turmeric,and chili to enhance their therapeutic efficacy.The major challenge in utilizing spice oleoresins is their low bioavailability and stability,which this study addresses through nano-encapsulation using hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin(HpBcD).The encapsulated oleoresins were evaluated for their total polyphenol,flavonoid content,and antioxidant activity,revealing that turmeric oleo resin(TOR)demonstrated the highest antioxidant potential,followed by chili(COR)and pepper(POR).How ever,nano-encapsulation reduced antioxidant activity by 50-60%,although it significantly improved the stability and bioavailability of bioactives.Molecular docking studies further confirmed strong binding affinities between bioactive compounds(piperine,curcumin,and capsaicin)and depression-related proteins,including serotonin,Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor(BDNF),and Monoamine Oxidase(MAO),indicating potential antidepressant effects.This study highlights the novelty of nano-encapsulation in enhancing the bioactivity and therapeutic potential of spice oleoresins,offering promising insights for developing natural antidepressant for-mulations or functional foods to combat depression and neurodegenerative disorders.
文摘Mexican oregano(Lippia graveolens Kunth)is an aromatic species of high culinary and medicinal relevance.In Mexico,more than 40 taxa with characteristic aroma and flavor are commercially recognized as oregano,with L.graveolens being the most widely distributed and economically important.Despite its relevance,few domesticated or semi-domesticated cultivars exist,and wild populations remain the main source of raw material,raising concerns regarding sustainability and quality standardization.The essential oil and oleoresins of L.graveolens possess recognized bioactivity,including antioxidant,antifungal,antibacterial,and anti-inflammatory properties,largely attributed to phenolic compounds such as thymol and carvacrol.Given the increasing global demand for natural bioactives and functional foods,optimizing cultivation practices is essential to enhance both the yield and phytochemical quality of this species.This study evaluated the effect of organic fertilization(0,5,10,and 15 t ha^(−1)of vermicompost)on the phenolic profile,flavonoid content,and antioxidant capacity of oregano oleoresin obtained from a semi-domesticated population across three harvests.The highest phenolic concentration(≈500 mg GAE g^(−1)extract)and greatest antioxidant activity(ABTS>3.5×10^(5)μmol TE g^(−1)extract)were observed at the 5 t ha^(−1)dose during the second harvest.Flavonoid content peaked in the third harvest(480-620 mg QE g^(−1)extract),whereas the unfertilized control exhibited the highest DPPH activity in the first harvest.Overall,the results indicate that vermicompost dosage and harvest timing substantially influence the functional quality of L.graveolens.Moderate organic fertilization,particularly 5 t ha^(−1),enhances the biosynthesis of bioactive secondary metabolites,underscoring its potential for sustainable production systems.
文摘The volatile oil was extracted from Curcuma longa and Turmeric oleoresin by Soxhelt method with petroleum ether.All the volatile oil was analyzed of chemical component by the method of GC-MS,the relative contents of these compounds were calculated using square peaks to normalization.On the volatile oil of Curcuma longa 35 peaks were separated and 21 compounds were identified,which accounted for 89.10%,the main chemical constituents was (-)-Zingiberene(22.12%),β-Sesquiphellandrene(15.24%),α-Turmerone (11.30%),β-Turmerone (8.87%),Ar-turmerone(8.20%),but on the volatile oil of Turmeric oleoresin 32 peaks were separated,of which 21 compounds were identified,which accounted for 90.12% the main chemical constituents was (-)-Zingiberene(23.92%),β-Sesquiphellandrene(15.73%),Ar-turmerone(12.89%),β-Turmerone(10.85%).
基金Tehran University of Medical Sciences(TUMS,Evaluation of the Effect of P.atlantica on Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats,No.94018627690)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of Pistacia atlantica Desf. oleoresin essential oil on peptic ulcer(PU) and its antibacterial effect on metronidazole-resistant Helicobacter pylori, as well as chemi-cal composition of the essential oil.METHODS: The essential oil was standardized using gas chromatography mass spectrometry(GC/MS) analysis. Acute toxicity of the essential oil was assessed in animal model. In vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori activity was performed through disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration method. For gastroprotective assay, rats received Pistacia atlantica Desf. essential oil(25, 50 and 100 mg/kg orally) 1 h before induction of ulcer by ethanol.Macroscopic(ulcer index and protection rate) and microscopic examination were performed.RESULTS: The GC/MS analysis of the essential oil led to the identification of twenty constituents andα-pinene is predominant constituent. The essential oil was safe up to 2000 mg/kg. All Helicobacter pylori strains were susceptible to the essential oil and the MIC ranged from 275 to 1100 μg/m L. The ulcer index for treated groups was significantly reduced compared to control(P < 0.001) with EC50 value of 12.32 mg/kg. In microscopic examination, Pistacia atlantica attenuated destruction and necrosis of gastric tissue.CONCLUSION: Current study exhibited protective effect of standardized Pistacia atlantica essential oil against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer and its antibacterial activity on Helicobacter pylori. α-pinene might be the responsible agent.
文摘Alternate bearing habit, a common phenomenon prevalent in some of the fruit trees is observed in black pepper variety Panniyur-1 also. In this study, an attempt was made to investigate the role of carbohydrates, mineral nutrients and plant hormones (IAA and zeatin riboside) in alternate bearing in Panniyur-1 variety. The experiment was conducted for three consecutive years at Murugarajendra estate, Madikeri, Karnataka, India (12.42。N, 75.73。E). Carbohydrate, mineral nutrient and plant hormone (IAA and zeatin riboside) statuses of the leaves as well as fruiting branches (stem) were compared between good fruiting year (on year) and low fruiting year (off year). Results revealed that concentration of mineral nutrients in leaves was more during on year compared to off year while the reverse was true on the stem. Both stem and leaf metabolite levels at harvest were higher in off year compared to on year suggesting that remobilization of nutrients to the developing berries must have been affected during off year, thus leading to accumulation of more nutrients at harvest in off year compared to on year. Leaf had higher concentration of most of mineral nutrients compared to stem. Spraying of 1% solution of complex fertilizer 19:19:19 (percent N:P:K) three times at an interval of 3 weeks from flower primordial initiation to flowering period enhanced the yield to the extent of around 30% during off year. Auxin to cytokinin ratio was 6.6 and 6.1 in on year and 6.3 and 5.7 in off year at flowering and 3 months after flowering respectively, suggesting that this ratio itself may not play a major role in flowering during on and off years, though the ratio was slightly more during on year. Results of the study indicate that efficient utilization of metabolites and nutrients in on year may render vine weak in the subsequent year coupled with poor remobilization into developing berries, which could make it an off year.
文摘Oleoresin is a major non-forest product collected from commercially mature or near mature pine trees. Efforts have been made to increase oleoresin yield, but basically limited to the genetic improvement of planting materials and the application of chemical stimulants to tapping surface of trees. Nutrition management may play a role, particularly for pine stands suffering from soil acidification and degradation. We set up a field experiment including application of water retainer, NPK complex fertilizer, lime and borax in different combinations to pine stands for oleoresin tapping with extremely low soil pH value and nutrition. Lime significantly affected the annual yield of oleoresin tapped from two pine species studied (P < 0.05). Among 3 levels of lime applied (0, 100, 200 g/tree), the oleoresin yield increased as the dose increased in slash pine, but was highest at 100 g/tree in masson pine. The doses of 167 g and 133 g of lime per tree were optimal or close to be optimal for slash pine and masson pine, respectively. The effects of other three matters applied were statistically insignificant (P > 0.10). In addition, all of the four matters applied did not influence the growth of both pine species. We concluded that proper use of lime alone may generate 15% to 35% of gain in oleoresin production for pine plantations with similar soil conditions in the region. We also discussed the potential of comprehensive soil or site management, and proposed further research for improvement of pine oleoresin production.
基金Sponsored by the Basic Research Funds of Beijing Institute of Technology (20081642007)
文摘The method of reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography was established for the determination of effective components in OC-CS spray using double wavelength UV detection.The method was utilized under following conditions:a column of Kromasil C18(250 mm × 4.6 mm,5 μm),mobile phase consisting of methanol/water(80 /20) at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min,column temperature of 25 ℃,and the UV detection at 227 nm and 300 nm.Three key components in OC-CS spray could be distinguished clearly,including o-chlorobenzalmalononitrile(CS),oleoresin capsicum(OC) and dihydrocapsaicin(DC).This method has the advantages of fast,simple and satisfactory linear relationship between UV absorption and concentration.It may be considered to turn into a standard method for detection of related components in the spray.
文摘Earlier it has been observed that oleoresin of Zingiber officinale is a potent molluscicide ag- ainst Lymnaea acuminata. This snail is the vector of Fasciola species, which cause ende- mic fascioliasis in eastern Uttar Pradesh. As this snail breeds and maintain their population constant through out the year, so that the present study has been designed to find out the effect of variations in some environmental factors in different seasons, on the molluscicidal activity of oleoresin of Zingiber officinale and its relative effect on certain enzymes viz., acetylcholinesterase, acid and alkaline phosphatases in the nervous tissue of the snail Lymnaea acuminata. In this study temperature, pH, dissolve oxygen, free carbon dioxide, conductivity of the water in control, as well as molluscicide treated water, was measured simultaneously. LC50 value of oleoresin was determined in each month of the year. Toxicity of oleoresin in June-July (24 h LC50 16.54-14.28 mgL-1) is highest. Acetylcholinesterase, acid and alkaline phosphatases activity in the nervous tissue of the snails treated with sub-lethal concentration of oleoresin was simultaneously measured. Sig- nificant positive rank correlation, in between the acetylcholinesterase or acid phosphatase activity and LC50 of oleoresin was observed. The pre- sent study conclusively shows that variant abi- otic factors can significantly alter the toxicity of oleoresin of Z. officinale in L. acuminata. The most suitable period for control of L. acuminata is June-July.
基金CNPq(Brazilian National Research Council)which has awarded us a grant for this research
文摘Microorganism resistance to the existing products is yet another difficulty that agriculturalists have to deal with. In this context, the search for new agricultural products that can fight phytopathogens has become increasingly important. Plants have played an important role in this process, because they can serve as a source of new compounds for drug discovery. Plants belonging to the genus Pinus produce an oleoresin that protects the plant against herbivores and pathogens. With a view to developing products that can combat fungal pathogens without harming the environment, this work aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of the oleoresins and fractions of Pinus elliottii Engelm and Pinus tropicalis against phytopathogens. The methodology based on NCCLS M38-A standards aided antifungal activity assessment. The microdilution method helped to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC). The oleoresins of P. elliottii and P. tropicalis afforded the most significant results—they displayed fungicidal activity against all the tested species. MIC values were promising, especially the MIC of the oleoresin of P. elliottii against S. rolfsii (1.95 μg·mL-1). The MIC values of the oleoresins of P. elliottii and P. tropicalis ranged from 1.95 to 1000 μg·mL-1 and from 31.25 to 250 μg·mL-1, respectively. Fraction PT2 of P. tropicalis furnished the best results among all the assayed fractions: MIC values lay between 125 and 500 μg·mL-11. In conclusion, the oleoresin of P. tropicalis is a promising source of new antifungal agents for application in the treatment of phytopathogenic infections.
文摘Objective:This study investigated the oral bioavailability and anti-obesity effects of oleoresin extracted from seeds of Nigella sativa L.(NS),in high-fat-diet-fed C57BL/6 mice.NS is rich in polyphenols,flavonoids,and unsaturated fatty acids;known for their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.However,its role in modulating lipid and energy metabolism remains unexplored.Methods:Oleoresin was administered orally as well as intravenously(IV),and whole blood was collected at predetermined time points.Thymoquinone(TQ)concentration in plasma was quantified using HPLC.For antiobesity assessment,36 male C57BL/6 mice were divided into six groups,one normal diet and five HFD groups.NS oleoresin was administered daily at doses 50,100,and 200 mg/kg body weight(BW)for 8 weeks.Results:Treatment groups showed significant reductions in body weight,blood glucose,LDL,triglycerides,total cholesterol,and liver size,along with an increase in HDL levels.Gene expression analysis revealed that oleoresin downregulated CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha(C/EBPα)and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARγ)expression,while slightly upregulating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPKα)gene in the higher dose group.Although the mitochondrial uncoupling protein(UCP1)was not significantly altered,expression of sirtuin 1 and PGC-1,was enhanced indicating enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis,insulin sensitivity and weight reduction.Histopathological examination showed reversal of hepatic steatosis,as well as regular-sized adipocytes in dose-dependent treatment.Conclusion:NS seed oleoresin supplementation may reduce the BW and lipid profile induced by HFD when given in higher doses via activation of AMPK/SIRT1 pathway,potentially serving as a functional food therapeutic against obesity and related complications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32160349,22368006)Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(Grant No.2024GXNSFAA999185)Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology(Grant No.2024Z002).
文摘Pinus elliottii oleoresin(PEO)is a renewable feedstock for producing rosin and turpentine,yet storage-induced enzymatic browning can markedly impair the color quality of PEO and downstream rosin products.Rosin-derived materials are used in food-related products,including beverage emulsions and food-contact pack-aging;therefore,maintaining color stability is important for both consumer acceptance and commercial value.In this study,enzymatic browning in wet-stored PEO was linked to the leaching of phenolics from impurity pine needles into the aqueous phase.Polyphenol oxidase(PPO)was extracted from Pinus elliottii needles and char-acterized.The enzyme showed maximal activity at pH 7.0 and 35℃ and retained more than 80%activity over pH 6.5-7.5.Thermal deactivation kinetics indicated that the enzyme is heat sensitive.The enzyme exhibited high affinity toward epicatechin(Km=5.93 mM).A PEO browning model based on epicatechin was established,and the Weibull model accurately described browning development,supporting enzymatic browning as a key contributor to color deterioration during storage.L-cysteine(L-Cys)was evaluated as an antibrowning agent and showed a mixed inhibition pattern in kinetic assays;fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular docking suggested that its interaction with the enzyme is mainly stabilized by hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic contacts.Overall,this work clarifies the biochemical origin of oleoresin discoloration and provides a mechanistic basis for miti-gating rosin darkening during storage.
基金award of Senior Research Fellowship(SRF)from Indian Council of Medical Research(ICMR),New Delhi,India.
文摘Many investigations have been carried out analyzing the characteristics of various materials for development of edible coatings/films for food applications.Subsequent modifications for improvement and ameliorating the film/coating characteristics has been the pivot of research in the last decade.An inclination has developed among researchers towards use of plant-based active substances for development of food products and food packaging.Plant based materials have been widely used as antioxidants or antimicrobials in film/coating formulations.Such materials include plant extracts,essential oils,oleoresins,and plant exudates.The compounds present in these materials mostly perform the antibacterial,antiviral,antifungal,antioxidant,and anti-browning functions.Such compounds may also be isolated from plant materials and then incorporated into edible coatings/films.This document is a comprehensive review describing the plant derived active substances used as antimicrobial and antioxidant components in edible films/coating.It also focuses on their applications for improving quality of different foods along with their safety regulations.
基金support to CONAHCyT(Mexico’s National Council of Humanities,Sciences and Technologies)for student grant number 514321.
文摘This research evaluated the influence of natural emulsifier on the emulsion particle size of the black pepper oleoresin combined with a sucrose solution,and its effects on the kinetics of chayote osmodehydration and the extent of piperine fortification.Macroemulsions with gum arabic(GA)and nanoemulsions with whey protein concentrate(WPC)were prepared in a 50%sucrose solution.The mean particle size and polydispersity index of both sucrose-emulsion solutions were determined using dynamic light scattering,and the kinetics of water loss(WFL),solids gain(SG),water activity(aw),and water diffusion coefficients(Dw)were obtained during the osmotic processing(25-45℃).With a particle size of 165 nm,the WPC nanoemulsion had a higher viscosity than the GA emulsion,which measured 655 nm making them susceptible to coalescence.Scanning electron micrographs revealed that during osmotic dehydration,the WPC nanoemulsions formed dense layers within the chayote tissue.This resulted in reduced water loss kinetics and diffusivity,particularly at high temperatures.In terms of fortifying chayote with piperine,the use of a macroemulsion resulted in greater rates of impregnation(0.12 mg piperine(g wet solids min)^(-1))compared to the nanoemulsion,which had rates of 0.04 mg piperine(g wet solids min)^(-1).After 420 min of osmodehydration,it was observed that the GA macroemulsion resulted in higher levels of piperine impregnation than the WPC nanoemulsion.These findings have important implications for successfully fortifying fruits and vegetables with lipophilic bioactive compounds using emulsions in combination with the osmotic dehydration technique.
