美国的科技领先世界一步,而该国的unwed mothers的人数恐怕也为世界之最。所谓unwed mothers指未婚先孕者,多系十多岁的学生娃。 国人视“未婚先孕”为见不得人之事,这是我们的文化。而美国的unwedmothers却少有羞耻感,她们落落大方,将...美国的科技领先世界一步,而该国的unwed mothers的人数恐怕也为世界之最。所谓unwed mothers指未婚先孕者,多系十多岁的学生娃。 国人视“未婚先孕”为见不得人之事,这是我们的文化。而美国的unwedmothers却少有羞耻感,她们落落大方,将自己的孩子带到学校里来,同学围观,就如同围观已婚夫妇所生的小孩一样,根本谈不上是什么social stigma(社会的耻辱)！ 本文提出了一个非常重要的问题:父母是否应该向其十多岁的子女公开自己避孕的措施?父母是否应该和他们谈“性”?本文在对万名学生调研的基础上对此问题作出了辨证回答: 1/这种“公开”和“谈论”,会令子女more likely to become sexually active,或者twice as likely to lose their virginity(处女性)。 2/这种“公开”和“谈论”利大于弊。因为其子女将less likely to have sex overthe study period.And when they did have sex,these kids were more likely to usebirth control and less likely to become pregnant. 我国青少年的性知识从哪里获得?笔者没有读到过这方面的调查,“无师自通”者也许不乏其人。为人父母者是否应该和自己的子女谈性论爱,这也许不是一个简单的“应该/不应该”的问题。真正在起作用的还有我们的文化传统。展开更多
唱卡拉OK的益处有很多,如增加肺活量、带来乐趣、提升自信等。科学家用唱卡拉OK的方式研究人脸红的原因,阅读下文了解吧!Researchers investigating what makes people blush came up with a fun experiment.The team of scientists ask...唱卡拉OK的益处有很多,如增加肺活量、带来乐趣、提升自信等。科学家用唱卡拉OK的方式研究人脸红的原因,阅读下文了解吧!Researchers investigating what makes people blush came up with a fun experiment.The team of scientists asked teenagers and young adults to watch recordings of themselves doing karaoke,and then measured their responses.展开更多
Recently there have been two causal modelling approaches to indicative conditionals,i.e.extrapolationist(Deng&Lee,2021)and filterist(Liang&Wang,2022),although they all take an interventionist position on subju...Recently there have been two causal modelling approaches to indicative conditionals,i.e.extrapolationist(Deng&Lee,2021)and filterist(Liang&Wang,2022),although they all take an interventionist position on subjunctive conditionals.Motivated by the so-called OK pairs,they try to provide a convincing explanation of the intuition underlying the OK pairs.As far as we know,what they have done is to provide not only an explanation of the OK pairs,but also a way of distinguishing between indicative and subjunctive conditionals.Although we agree with their success in explaining the OK pairs within a causal modelling framework,we argue that their ways of distinguishing between indicative and subjunctive conditionals fail.Instead,we argue that their approaches can be used to distinguish between two readings of conditionals,the epistemic reading and the ontic reading.which can be applied to both indicative and subjunctive conditionals.We conclude by arguing that these two readings are related to two approaches to asking and answering causal questions:the“auses-of-effects"approach and the"effects-of-causes"approach.展开更多
文摘美国的科技领先世界一步,而该国的unwed mothers的人数恐怕也为世界之最。所谓unwed mothers指未婚先孕者,多系十多岁的学生娃。 国人视“未婚先孕”为见不得人之事,这是我们的文化。而美国的unwedmothers却少有羞耻感,她们落落大方,将自己的孩子带到学校里来,同学围观,就如同围观已婚夫妇所生的小孩一样,根本谈不上是什么social stigma(社会的耻辱)！ 本文提出了一个非常重要的问题:父母是否应该向其十多岁的子女公开自己避孕的措施?父母是否应该和他们谈“性”?本文在对万名学生调研的基础上对此问题作出了辨证回答: 1/这种“公开”和“谈论”,会令子女more likely to become sexually active,或者twice as likely to lose their virginity(处女性)。 2/这种“公开”和“谈论”利大于弊。因为其子女将less likely to have sex overthe study period.And when they did have sex,these kids were more likely to usebirth control and less likely to become pregnant. 我国青少年的性知识从哪里获得?笔者没有读到过这方面的调查,“无师自通”者也许不乏其人。为人父母者是否应该和自己的子女谈性论爱,这也许不是一个简单的“应该/不应该”的问题。真正在起作用的还有我们的文化传统。
文摘唱卡拉OK的益处有很多,如增加肺活量、带来乐趣、提升自信等。科学家用唱卡拉OK的方式研究人脸红的原因,阅读下文了解吧!Researchers investigating what makes people blush came up with a fun experiment.The team of scientists asked teenagers and young adults to watch recordings of themselves doing karaoke,and then measured their responses.
基金supported by China’s MOE project of Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences at Universities(22JJD720021)the project of Shandong University(11090087395308).
文摘Recently there have been two causal modelling approaches to indicative conditionals,i.e.extrapolationist(Deng&Lee,2021)and filterist(Liang&Wang,2022),although they all take an interventionist position on subjunctive conditionals.Motivated by the so-called OK pairs,they try to provide a convincing explanation of the intuition underlying the OK pairs.As far as we know,what they have done is to provide not only an explanation of the OK pairs,but also a way of distinguishing between indicative and subjunctive conditionals.Although we agree with their success in explaining the OK pairs within a causal modelling framework,we argue that their ways of distinguishing between indicative and subjunctive conditionals fail.Instead,we argue that their approaches can be used to distinguish between two readings of conditionals,the epistemic reading and the ontic reading.which can be applied to both indicative and subjunctive conditionals.We conclude by arguing that these two readings are related to two approaches to asking and answering causal questions:the“auses-of-effects"approach and the"effects-of-causes"approach.
