The research on the correlation between hydrocarbon accumulations and magmatic activities has always attracted aroused much wide attention.Existing research has primarily the hydrocarbon generations capability of sour...The research on the correlation between hydrocarbon accumulations and magmatic activities has always attracted aroused much wide attention.Existing research has primarily the hydrocarbon generations capability of source rocks and the quality of reservoirs by diabase intrusions.whereas,rare systematic research has been conducted on the oiliness and enrichment mechanism.To be specific,the diabase intrusive zone,the contact metamorphic zone and the normal shale zone of the Funing Formation in the Gaoyou Sag,Subei Basin were taken as the object of this study.Moreover,in this study,the hydrocarbon generation quality,reservoir quality,and oil-bearing quality of diabase-metamorphic zone-normal shale were evaluated using X-ray diffractions,argon ion polishing-field emission scanning electron microscope,energy spectrum,rock slice/light-sheet microscopic observations,organic geochemical tests,N_(2) gas adsorption and 2D NMR tests.The results indicated that the intrusive zone,the metamorphic zone,and the normal zone were formed in order by the degree of effect of diabase intrusions.Secondly,the oil content of different parts exhibited significant heterogeneity due to the baking effect of diabase,and the metamorphic zone had the significantly better oil-bearing nature than the intrusive zone.Lastly,a distribution model was proposed for the diabase intrusive zone-metamorphic zone-normal surrounding rock zone.展开更多
Increased sebum production is a common skin complaint and plays an important role in acne and oily scalp conditions. To choose the correct skin care products, which mostly are marketed for dry, oily or normal skin, th...Increased sebum production is a common skin complaint and plays an important role in acne and oily scalp conditions. To choose the correct skin care products, which mostly are marketed for dry, oily or normal skin, the consumer must self-assess their skin type. Studies show that individuals incorrectly self-assess their sebum secretion levels. In order to be able to correctly determine skin oiliness, we have developed a six-item skin oiliness scale (SOS) that correlates with sebumeter measurements. The resulting correlation was 0.54, which was significantly different from zero (p < 0.01). This result indicates a strong relationship between the SOS scores and the associated sebumeter measurements. This is easy to administer questionnaire to accurately determine skin oiliness and can be useful in screening and recruiting patients for research trials, performing outcome research, and recommending skin care products and procedures. Our study shows that this skin oiliness scale is an accurate way to identify and quantify skin oiliness.展开更多
To accurately investigate the evolution characteristics and generation mechanism of retained oil,the study analyzed organic-rich lacustrine shale samples from the Paleogene Kongdian Formation in Cangdong Sag,Bohai Bay...To accurately investigate the evolution characteristics and generation mechanism of retained oil,the study analyzed organic-rich lacustrine shale samples from the Paleogene Kongdian Formation in Cangdong Sag,Bohai Bay Basin.This analysis involves Rock-Eval pyrolysis,pyrolysis simulation experiments,Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer(GC-MS),and reactive molecular dynamics simulations(ReaxFF).The results revealed the retained oil primarily consisted of n-alkanes with carbon numbers ranging from C14 to C36.The generation of retained oil occurred through three stages.A slow growth stage of production rate was observed before reaching the peak of oil production in Stage Ⅰ.Stage Ⅱ involved a rapid increase in oil retention,with C12-C17 and C24-C32 serving as the primary components,increasing continuously during the pyrolysis process.The generation process involved the cleavage of weak bonds,including bridging bonds(hydroxyl,oxy,peroxy,imino,amino,and nitro),ether bonds,and acid amides in the first stage(Ro=0.50%-0.75%).The carbon chains in aromatic ring structures with heteroatomic functional groups breaks in the second stage(R_(o)=0.75%-1.20%).In the third stage(R_(o)=1.20%-2.50%),the ring structures underwent ring-opening reactions to synthesize iso-short-chain olefins and radicals,while further breakdown of aliphatic chains occurred.By coupling pyrolysis simu-lation experiments and molecular simulation technology,the evolution characteristics and bond breaking mechanism of retained oil in three stages were revealed,providing a reference for the for-mation and evolution mechanism of retained oil.展开更多
Efficient disposal of oily water pollution and oily sludge(OS)production with low energy demand has garnered significant attention for the low carbon transition of the petroleum industry.How to overcome the hardships ...Efficient disposal of oily water pollution and oily sludge(OS)production with low energy demand has garnered significant attention for the low carbon transition of the petroleum industry.How to overcome the hardships from severe emulsion and interaction with soil minerals in emulsion-soil(OS)is a significant challenge with the prospective opportunities of solar energy substitution.This paper proposed the solar-driven photothermal conversion technology for efficient dehydration of OS and purification of oily water using a multifunctional material.A biomass-based carbon aerogel(BCA-600)with a porous three-dimensional(3D)structure and photothermal conversion characteristics was synthesized.Interestingly,this carbon aerogel possessed adjustable surface wettability,enabling it to adsorb high viscosity crude oil on the water surface(4.28 g·g^(−1))and achieve demulsification-separation in water-in-oil emulsions(97.28%)with the assistance of solar irradiation.Accordingly,the synergistic action of solar heating and separation-adsorption of emulsion by BCA-600 contributed to the efficient photothermal dehydra-tion for both OS and emulsion.The highest dehydration efficiency for OS reached 90.68%with the OS/BCA-600 mass ratio of 10:2.Moreover,BCA-600 could remain in the dehydrated OS without separation to participate in the following pyrolysis with enhanced effects by confined-catalytic cracking,achieving a“one stone,two birds”effect.Overall,the solar photothermal approach exhibits significant potential for treating oily pollutants,reducing carbon emissions by more than 100 times compared to traditional thermal methods.This could be a strong push for the low carbon transition of the petroleum industry.展开更多
This paper analyzes the differences in geological and development characteristics between continental shale oil in China and marine shale oil in North America, reviews the evaluation methods and technological progress...This paper analyzes the differences in geological and development characteristics between continental shale oil in China and marine shale oil in North America, reviews the evaluation methods and technological progress of the continental shale oil development in China, and points out the existing problems and development directions of the continental shale oil development. The research progress of development evaluation technologies such as favorable lithofacies identification, reservoir characterization, mobility evaluation, fracability evaluation, productivity evaluation and geological-mathematical modeling integration are introduced. The efficient exploration and development of continental shale oil in China are faced with many problems, such as weak basic theoretical research, imperfect exploration and development technology system, big gap in engineering technology between China and other countries, and high development cost. Three key research issues must be studied in the future:(1) forming differentiated development technologies of continental shale oil through geological and engineering integrated research;(2) strengthening the application of big data and artificial intelligence to improve the accuracy of development evaluation;(3) tackling enhanced shale oil recovery technology and research effective development method, so as to improve the development effect and benefit.展开更多
In order to optimize the microwave-assisted extraction technology of polyphenols from Loropetalum chinense （R. Br.） Oliv., the effects of microwave power, ethanol concentration, solid to liquid ratio and extraction ...In order to optimize the microwave-assisted extraction technology of polyphenols from Loropetalum chinense （R. Br.） Oliv., the effects of microwave power, ethanol concentration, solid to liquid ratio and extraction time on polyphenols extraction rate were investigated. On the basis of single-factor test, a four-factor and three-level orthogonal test was designed by response surface method to establish a mathematical model between the response value and various factors. The results showed that the intensity of effect of different influencing factor on polyphenols ex- traction rate ranked as microwave power＇s〉solid to liquid ratio＇s〉extraction time＇s〉 ethanol concentration＇s. The optimum microwave-assisted extraction conditions for polyphenols from L. chinense were as follows： extraction power 254 W, ethanol concentration 60%, extraction time 12.5 rain and solid to liquid ratio 1：17. Under the optimum extraction conditions, the extraction rate of polyphenols from L. chinense was 19.17%.展开更多
To reveal the law of oiliness of the Upper Cretaceous carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East and factors controlling the oiliness, the Mishrif Formation of the H oilfield in Iraq was examined comprehensively. Based o...To reveal the law of oiliness of the Upper Cretaceous carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East and factors controlling the oiliness, the Mishrif Formation of the H oilfield in Iraq was examined comprehensively. Based on core observation and description, casting thin section analysis, and statistics of physical property and pore-throat structure parameter, etc., in combination with previous achievements and understanding, it is pointed out that the coring interval of Mishrif Formation has strong oiliness heterogeneity, and can be divided into 4 grades, oil rich, oil immersed, oil spot, and oil trace; the oil-bearing grade has obvious facies-controlled characteristic in macroscopic view; and in different oil-bearing grades, relatively oil-rich sections present higher karst development intensity, better physical properties and pore-throat structure characteristics. It is concluded through the study that the sedimentary microenvironment and eogenetic karstification determine the macroscopic oiliness of the reservoir in Mishrif Formation of H Oilfield, and the improvement of pore-throat structure caused by eogenetic karstification is the decisive factor of the micro oil-bearing difference of the reservoir. Finally,the genetic model of reservoir development and oil-bearing difference was established.展开更多
A copper-molybdenum iso-flotability flotation process has been developed to efficiently improve the recovery ofmolybdenite from Duobaoshan porphyry Cu-Mo ores.The effects of flotation approach,type of collector,feed p...A copper-molybdenum iso-flotability flotation process has been developed to efficiently improve the recovery ofmolybdenite from Duobaoshan porphyry Cu-Mo ores.The effects of flotation approach,type of collector,feed particle sizedistribution,rougher pH value and reagent dosage on the recovery of molybdenite were evaluated systematically.The results suggestthat compared with kerosene and diesel oil,transformer oil has stronger dispersion capability in water media and better flotationselectivity for molybdenite,providing a higher molybdenum recovery under low reagent dosage.Moreover,compared with bulkflotation approach,the iso-flotability flotation approach using transformer oil as a collector can obtain superior Mo recovery(90.77%)and grade(0.80%)in the cleaner concentrate,and increase the Mo recovery and grade by over18%and5%in the final Moconcentrate,respectively.The results of commercial flotation further indicate that the iso-flotability flotation approach is a rationaland effective route to beneficiate the porphyry Cu-Mo ores.展开更多
To understand the flotation mechanism of bastnaesite using reactive oily bubble, the interaction between bastnaesite parti-cles and reactive oily bubbles was investigated by electro-kinetic studies, induction time mea...To understand the flotation mechanism of bastnaesite using reactive oily bubble, the interaction between bastnaesite parti-cles and reactive oily bubbles was investigated by electro-kinetic studies, induction time measurements and small-scale flotation ex-periments. The bastnaesite flotation could be seen as a hetero-coagulation between bastnaesite particles and reactive oily bubbles which was confirmed by the zeta potential distribution and induction time measurements from pH 4.8 to pH 9.0. The small-scale flotation tests were consistent with the hetero-coagulation results, and showed a better flotation of reactive oily bubble than air bubble among all pH range. The interaction force between bastnaesite particles and reactive oily bubbles was evaluated by the classical DLVO theory. It indicated that the attachment could be predicted well by the DLVO theory only in a restricted pH range due to the absence of hydrophilic interaction repulsion force and chemical interaction force.展开更多
A unique cyclonic static microbubble flotation column was developed for oily wastewater separation.The separation effciency was found to be highly dependent on gas holdup and bubble size distribution.By changing the c...A unique cyclonic static microbubble flotation column was developed for oily wastewater separation.The separation effciency was found to be highly dependent on gas holdup and bubble size distribution.By changing the circulation pressure,gas flow rate,frother concentration,the effect of operation parameters on gas holdup and oil removal effciency were attained.A mathematical modeling between the kinetic constant and the gas holdup was established for oily water separation process.The results show that higher gas holdup and smaller microbubble sizes are benefcial to improve oil removal effciency.展开更多
Based on the analysis of the properties of oily sludge samples,the effect of modification parameters,such as liquid to solid (L/S) ratio,agitation temperature,agitation intensity,agitation time and pH on the modificat...Based on the analysis of the properties of oily sludge samples,the effect of modification parameters,such as liquid to solid (L/S) ratio,agitation temperature,agitation intensity,agitation time and pH on the modification of oily sludge was investigated with the content of oil remnants in dry sludge as a reference index. Remixing experiments were carried out according to a simplex-lattice design,where Sx4056 was used as the demulsifier,petroleum sulfonate as the surfactant and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) as the dispersant. The surface modification reagent formulation was optimized by a regression equation on the modified effect and based on the amounts of surface modification reagents. The results show that the content of the oil remaining in dry oily sludge is 0.28% of 10.15% oily sludge,when the reagent concentration rises to 3.5 g/L under the optimum experimental conditions.展开更多
The ultrasonic technique has been demonstrated to be a promising method for the disposal of hazardous oily sludge.However,the separation of oil from the surfaces of the solid particles is still difficult due to the st...The ultrasonic technique has been demonstrated to be a promising method for the disposal of hazardous oily sludge.However,the separation of oil from the surfaces of the solid particles is still difficult due to the strong interaction between the oil and solid particle.In this study,three types of surfactants were used to assist the ultrasonic treatment of oily sludge.The oil component,surface composition,and structure of the solid particle were determined.The results showed that different surfactants had different oil removal abilities.In the three surfactant-assisted sonication systems,the oil removal rate increased during the starting reaction period and then decreased with longer sonication time.The results of four components analysis suggested that surfactant easy to be ionized in water posed a better removal effect on resins,while the amphiphilic surfactant preferred saturates,aromatics and asphaltenes.The morphology analysis indicated that particle size was shattered into smaller ones by the ultrasonic process,and the wettability of the solid surface also changed during this treatment.The characterization of the oil component and solid particle during surfactant-assisted ultrasonication treatment will help to better understand the separation of oil from oily sludge and improve the oil recovery efficiency from oily sludge.展开更多
A membrane bioreactor （MBR） was established for treating harbor oily wastewater. It showed good removal performance for chemical oxygen demand （COD）, oil content, suspended solids （SS）, and other pollutants. How...A membrane bioreactor （MBR） was established for treating harbor oily wastewater. It showed good removal performance for chemical oxygen demand （COD）, oil content, suspended solids （SS）, and other pollutants. However, serious membrane fouling occurred. It was recognized that the extracellular polymeric substances （EPS） accumulated on the membrane surface, especially the proteins, were of great importance for the transmembrane pressure （TMP） increment and membrane fouling. The MBR was optimized via improving aeration rate and reducing the ratio of Ar/Ad （At and Ad are the cross-sectional areas of the riser and the downcomer of the MBR）. The increasing rate of TMP was slowed, indicating that the optimization strategy could effectively mitigate membrane fouling. Microbial community evolution was monitored and analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （PCR-DGGE）, cloning, and sequencing of 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid （rRNA） fragments. Results revealed that low community shift occurred during the whole operational period. Geobacter sp. and Rhodocyclales sp., which have also been identified by other studies in a petroleum refinery wastewater MBR or an infiltration basin receiving highway runoff, dominated in the MBR system throughout. Comamonas sp. was thought to accommodate the lower aeration rate in this study, while Rhodocyclales sp. preferred the higher aeration rate. In addition, during the operational time under high organic loading rate, a few species were present in abundance, and may have been responsible for the good removal performance at this time.展开更多
A new type of device,a dissolved-air flotation column,was developed for separation of oily wastewater. The unique design idea of the dissolved-air flotation column is the combined use of dissolved-air flotation and co...A new type of device,a dissolved-air flotation column,was developed for separation of oily wastewater. The unique design idea of the dissolved-air flotation column is the combined use of dissolved-air flotation and column flotation. The dissolved air release occurred within the column separation system. As a potential application the column was investigated for its performance in separating emulsified oil droplets in oily wastewater. A high separation efficiency was obtained in a series of tests. The aeration performance of the bubble generator used in the dissolved-air flotation column was also studied in particular.展开更多
Oily wastewater poses significant threats to the soil, water, air and human beings because of the hazardous nature of its oil contents. The objective of this review paper is to highlight the current and recently devel...Oily wastewater poses significant threats to the soil, water, air and human beings because of the hazardous nature of its oil contents. The objective of this review paper is to highlight the current and recently developed methods for oily wastewater treatment through which contaminants such as oil, fats, grease, and inorganics can be removed for safe applications.These include electrochemical treatment, membrane filtration, biological treatment,hybrid technologies, use of biosurfactants, treatment via vacuum ultraviolet radiation,and destabilization of emulsions through the use of zeolites and other natural minerals.This review encompasses innovative and novel approaches to oily wastewater treatment and provides scientific background for future work that will be aimed at reducing the adverse impact of the discharge of oily wastewater into the environment. The current challenges affecting the optimal performance of oily wastewater treatment methods and opportunities for future research development in this field are also discussed.展开更多
Riparian vegetation in the lower reaches of Heihe River serves important ecological functions. However, the riparian ecosystems have been constantly deteriorating in the past 30 years simply due to water interception ...Riparian vegetation in the lower reaches of Heihe River serves important ecological functions. However, the riparian ecosystems have been constantly deteriorating in the past 30 years simply due to water interception for oasis agricultural irrigation in the middle reaches of the river. This study pays a particular attention to Populus eu- phratica Oily. forest because it is a dominant component of the riparian ecosystem in the lower reaches of Heihe River where the depth of groundwater table is the controlling factor in sustaining riparian ecosystems. To reveal leaf-related physiological responses of Populus euphratica Oliv. forest to groundwater table variations, we analyzed the relationships between the depth of groundwater table （DG） and three leaf-related parameters, i.e. leaf stomatal density （SD）, specific leaf area （SLA）, and stable carbon isotopic composition （6~SC）. Our results show that the relationship between DG and leaf SD is a bi-mode one shaped by both salt stress and water stress. That is, salt stress appeared in shallow groundwater conditions and water stress happened in deep groundwater conditions, and the thin layer around 2.7 m of DG is a stress-free layer. Leaf SD fluctuated according to the DG variation, first de- creased with increasing DG, then increased at depths ranging 2.7-3.7 m, and after a relatively stable plateau of SD at depths ranging 3.7-5.2 m, decreased again with increasing DG. Our results also show that SLA decreased ex- ponentially with increasing DG and foliar 6130 values are also strongly dependent on DG, further demonstrating that these two parameters are sensitive indicators of water stress. The exponential curve suggests that SLA is more sensitive to DG when groundwater table is shallow and 3 m seems to be a threshold beyond which SLA becomes less sensitive to DG. Foliar 613C becomes more sensitive when the groundwater table is deep and 7 m seems to be a threshold below which the 6130 signature becomes more sensitive to DG. These findings should be helpful in monitoring the growth and development of Populus euphratica Oliv. forests and also in providing protection measures （i.e. DG related） for Heihe River riparian forests.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is one of the most common cancers and the third highest cause of cancerassociated mortality worldwide. The treatment of HCC is complicated by its variable biological behavior and the freq...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is one of the most common cancers and the third highest cause of cancerassociated mortality worldwide. The treatment of HCC is complicated by its variable biological behavior and the frequent coexistence of chronic liver disease, particularly cirrhosis. To date, multiple treatment modalities have been developed according to the stage of the tumor and the hepatic functional reserve, including transarterial treatments such as transarterial chemoembolization, transarterial oily chemoembolization(TOCE), and hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy(HAIC). We conducted a phase I and II study of the combination therapy with double platinum agents, miriplatin and cisplatin, and confirmed its safety and efficacy. Here, we describe two cases of unresectable HCC who were successfully treated by miriplatin-TOCE/cisplatin-HAIC combination therapy, resulting in complete responses with no significant adverse events. This report will provide that the combination therapy can be the therapeutic option for HCC patients in the advanced stage.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42072150).
文摘The research on the correlation between hydrocarbon accumulations and magmatic activities has always attracted aroused much wide attention.Existing research has primarily the hydrocarbon generations capability of source rocks and the quality of reservoirs by diabase intrusions.whereas,rare systematic research has been conducted on the oiliness and enrichment mechanism.To be specific,the diabase intrusive zone,the contact metamorphic zone and the normal shale zone of the Funing Formation in the Gaoyou Sag,Subei Basin were taken as the object of this study.Moreover,in this study,the hydrocarbon generation quality,reservoir quality,and oil-bearing quality of diabase-metamorphic zone-normal shale were evaluated using X-ray diffractions,argon ion polishing-field emission scanning electron microscope,energy spectrum,rock slice/light-sheet microscopic observations,organic geochemical tests,N_(2) gas adsorption and 2D NMR tests.The results indicated that the intrusive zone,the metamorphic zone,and the normal zone were formed in order by the degree of effect of diabase intrusions.Secondly,the oil content of different parts exhibited significant heterogeneity due to the baking effect of diabase,and the metamorphic zone had the significantly better oil-bearing nature than the intrusive zone.Lastly,a distribution model was proposed for the diabase intrusive zone-metamorphic zone-normal surrounding rock zone.
文摘Increased sebum production is a common skin complaint and plays an important role in acne and oily scalp conditions. To choose the correct skin care products, which mostly are marketed for dry, oily or normal skin, the consumer must self-assess their skin type. Studies show that individuals incorrectly self-assess their sebum secretion levels. In order to be able to correctly determine skin oiliness, we have developed a six-item skin oiliness scale (SOS) that correlates with sebumeter measurements. The resulting correlation was 0.54, which was significantly different from zero (p < 0.01). This result indicates a strong relationship between the SOS scores and the associated sebumeter measurements. This is easy to administer questionnaire to accurately determine skin oiliness and can be useful in screening and recruiting patients for research trials, performing outcome research, and recommending skin care products and procedures. Our study shows that this skin oiliness scale is an accurate way to identify and quantify skin oiliness.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 42072150)
文摘To accurately investigate the evolution characteristics and generation mechanism of retained oil,the study analyzed organic-rich lacustrine shale samples from the Paleogene Kongdian Formation in Cangdong Sag,Bohai Bay Basin.This analysis involves Rock-Eval pyrolysis,pyrolysis simulation experiments,Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer(GC-MS),and reactive molecular dynamics simulations(ReaxFF).The results revealed the retained oil primarily consisted of n-alkanes with carbon numbers ranging from C14 to C36.The generation of retained oil occurred through three stages.A slow growth stage of production rate was observed before reaching the peak of oil production in Stage Ⅰ.Stage Ⅱ involved a rapid increase in oil retention,with C12-C17 and C24-C32 serving as the primary components,increasing continuously during the pyrolysis process.The generation process involved the cleavage of weak bonds,including bridging bonds(hydroxyl,oxy,peroxy,imino,amino,and nitro),ether bonds,and acid amides in the first stage(Ro=0.50%-0.75%).The carbon chains in aromatic ring structures with heteroatomic functional groups breaks in the second stage(R_(o)=0.75%-1.20%).In the third stage(R_(o)=1.20%-2.50%),the ring structures underwent ring-opening reactions to synthesize iso-short-chain olefins and radicals,while further breakdown of aliphatic chains occurred.By coupling pyrolysis simu-lation experiments and molecular simulation technology,the evolution characteristics and bond breaking mechanism of retained oil in three stages were revealed,providing a reference for the for-mation and evolution mechanism of retained oil.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52376205)the Chinese Academy of Engineering Strategic Research and Consulting Project(2023-XZ-38).
文摘Efficient disposal of oily water pollution and oily sludge(OS)production with low energy demand has garnered significant attention for the low carbon transition of the petroleum industry.How to overcome the hardships from severe emulsion and interaction with soil minerals in emulsion-soil(OS)is a significant challenge with the prospective opportunities of solar energy substitution.This paper proposed the solar-driven photothermal conversion technology for efficient dehydration of OS and purification of oily water using a multifunctional material.A biomass-based carbon aerogel(BCA-600)with a porous three-dimensional(3D)structure and photothermal conversion characteristics was synthesized.Interestingly,this carbon aerogel possessed adjustable surface wettability,enabling it to adsorb high viscosity crude oil on the water surface(4.28 g·g^(−1))and achieve demulsification-separation in water-in-oil emulsions(97.28%)with the assistance of solar irradiation.Accordingly,the synergistic action of solar heating and separation-adsorption of emulsion by BCA-600 contributed to the efficient photothermal dehydra-tion for both OS and emulsion.The highest dehydration efficiency for OS reached 90.68%with the OS/BCA-600 mass ratio of 10:2.Moreover,BCA-600 could remain in the dehydrated OS without separation to participate in the following pyrolysis with enhanced effects by confined-catalytic cracking,achieving a“one stone,two birds”effect.Overall,the solar photothermal approach exhibits significant potential for treating oily pollutants,reducing carbon emissions by more than 100 times compared to traditional thermal methods.This could be a strong push for the low carbon transition of the petroleum industry.
基金National Science and Technology Major Project(2017ZX05049)。
文摘This paper analyzes the differences in geological and development characteristics between continental shale oil in China and marine shale oil in North America, reviews the evaluation methods and technological progress of the continental shale oil development in China, and points out the existing problems and development directions of the continental shale oil development. The research progress of development evaluation technologies such as favorable lithofacies identification, reservoir characterization, mobility evaluation, fracability evaluation, productivity evaluation and geological-mathematical modeling integration are introduced. The efficient exploration and development of continental shale oil in China are faced with many problems, such as weak basic theoretical research, imperfect exploration and development technology system, big gap in engineering technology between China and other countries, and high development cost. Three key research issues must be studied in the future:(1) forming differentiated development technologies of continental shale oil through geological and engineering integrated research;(2) strengthening the application of big data and artificial intelligence to improve the accuracy of development evaluation;(3) tackling enhanced shale oil recovery technology and research effective development method, so as to improve the development effect and benefit.
基金Supported by Open Funds for Innovation Platforms of Colleges and Universities in Hunan Province(15K066)National College Students'Innovative Entrepreneuria Training Program(201510553003)Research Study and Innovative Experiment Plan Project for College Students in Hunan Province(2015-499)~~
文摘In order to optimize the microwave-assisted extraction technology of polyphenols from Loropetalum chinense （R. Br.） Oliv., the effects of microwave power, ethanol concentration, solid to liquid ratio and extraction time on polyphenols extraction rate were investigated. On the basis of single-factor test, a four-factor and three-level orthogonal test was designed by response surface method to establish a mathematical model between the response value and various factors. The results showed that the intensity of effect of different influencing factor on polyphenols ex- traction rate ranked as microwave power＇s〉solid to liquid ratio＇s〉extraction time＇s〉 ethanol concentration＇s. The optimum microwave-assisted extraction conditions for polyphenols from L. chinense were as follows： extraction power 254 W, ethanol concentration 60%, extraction time 12.5 rain and solid to liquid ratio 1：17. Under the optimum extraction conditions, the extraction rate of polyphenols from L. chinense was 19.17%.
基金Supported by the China National Science and Technology Major Project(2017ZX05032004-001)
文摘To reveal the law of oiliness of the Upper Cretaceous carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East and factors controlling the oiliness, the Mishrif Formation of the H oilfield in Iraq was examined comprehensively. Based on core observation and description, casting thin section analysis, and statistics of physical property and pore-throat structure parameter, etc., in combination with previous achievements and understanding, it is pointed out that the coring interval of Mishrif Formation has strong oiliness heterogeneity, and can be divided into 4 grades, oil rich, oil immersed, oil spot, and oil trace; the oil-bearing grade has obvious facies-controlled characteristic in macroscopic view; and in different oil-bearing grades, relatively oil-rich sections present higher karst development intensity, better physical properties and pore-throat structure characteristics. It is concluded through the study that the sedimentary microenvironment and eogenetic karstification determine the macroscopic oiliness of the reservoir in Mishrif Formation of H Oilfield, and the improvement of pore-throat structure caused by eogenetic karstification is the decisive factor of the micro oil-bearing difference of the reservoir. Finally,the genetic model of reservoir development and oil-bearing difference was established.
基金Project(51374249)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2016zzts103)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China+1 种基金Project(2015BAB12B02)supported by the National Science-Technology Support Plan,ChinaProject(2013B090800016)supported by Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Plan,China
文摘A copper-molybdenum iso-flotability flotation process has been developed to efficiently improve the recovery ofmolybdenite from Duobaoshan porphyry Cu-Mo ores.The effects of flotation approach,type of collector,feed particle sizedistribution,rougher pH value and reagent dosage on the recovery of molybdenite were evaluated systematically.The results suggestthat compared with kerosene and diesel oil,transformer oil has stronger dispersion capability in water media and better flotationselectivity for molybdenite,providing a higher molybdenum recovery under low reagent dosage.Moreover,compared with bulkflotation approach,the iso-flotability flotation approach using transformer oil as a collector can obtain superior Mo recovery(90.77%)and grade(0.80%)in the cleaner concentrate,and increase the Mo recovery and grade by over18%and5%in the final Moconcentrate,respectively.The results of commercial flotation further indicate that the iso-flotability flotation approach is a rationaland effective route to beneficiate the porphyry Cu-Mo ores.
基金supported by Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University of China(IRT0974)National Natural Science Foundation of China(50574069)Industrial Research Chair Program in Oil Sands Engineering from Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council(NSERC)
文摘To understand the flotation mechanism of bastnaesite using reactive oily bubble, the interaction between bastnaesite parti-cles and reactive oily bubbles was investigated by electro-kinetic studies, induction time measurements and small-scale flotation ex-periments. The bastnaesite flotation could be seen as a hetero-coagulation between bastnaesite particles and reactive oily bubbles which was confirmed by the zeta potential distribution and induction time measurements from pH 4.8 to pH 9.0. The small-scale flotation tests were consistent with the hetero-coagulation results, and showed a better flotation of reactive oily bubble than air bubble among all pH range. The interaction force between bastnaesite particles and reactive oily bubbles was evaluated by the classical DLVO theory. It indicated that the attachment could be predicted well by the DLVO theory only in a restricted pH range due to the absence of hydrophilic interaction repulsion force and chemical interaction force.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51104158)the Science and Technology Fund of China University of Mining & Technology (No.2011QNB08) for the financial support
文摘A unique cyclonic static microbubble flotation column was developed for oily wastewater separation.The separation effciency was found to be highly dependent on gas holdup and bubble size distribution.By changing the circulation pressure,gas flow rate,frother concentration,the effect of operation parameters on gas holdup and oil removal effciency were attained.A mathematical modeling between the kinetic constant and the gas holdup was established for oily water separation process.The results show that higher gas holdup and smaller microbubble sizes are benefcial to improve oil removal effciency.
基金Project(50974119) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2006A019) supported by the Science and Technology Fund of China University of Mining and Technology
文摘Based on the analysis of the properties of oily sludge samples,the effect of modification parameters,such as liquid to solid (L/S) ratio,agitation temperature,agitation intensity,agitation time and pH on the modification of oily sludge was investigated with the content of oil remnants in dry sludge as a reference index. Remixing experiments were carried out according to a simplex-lattice design,where Sx4056 was used as the demulsifier,petroleum sulfonate as the surfactant and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) as the dispersant. The surface modification reagent formulation was optimized by a regression equation on the modified effect and based on the amounts of surface modification reagents. The results show that the content of the oil remaining in dry oily sludge is 0.28% of 10.15% oily sludge,when the reagent concentration rises to 3.5 g/L under the optimum experimental conditions.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41977142 and 41807133)the special fund of State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control(No.18K05ESPCT)。
文摘The ultrasonic technique has been demonstrated to be a promising method for the disposal of hazardous oily sludge.However,the separation of oil from the surfaces of the solid particles is still difficult due to the strong interaction between the oil and solid particle.In this study,three types of surfactants were used to assist the ultrasonic treatment of oily sludge.The oil component,surface composition,and structure of the solid particle were determined.The results showed that different surfactants had different oil removal abilities.In the three surfactant-assisted sonication systems,the oil removal rate increased during the starting reaction period and then decreased with longer sonication time.The results of four components analysis suggested that surfactant easy to be ionized in water posed a better removal effect on resins,while the amphiphilic surfactant preferred saturates,aromatics and asphaltenes.The morphology analysis indicated that particle size was shattered into smaller ones by the ultrasonic process,and the wettability of the solid surface also changed during this treatment.The characterization of the oil component and solid particle during surfactant-assisted ultrasonication treatment will help to better understand the separation of oil from oily sludge and improve the oil recovery efficiency from oily sludge.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Project of the Ministry of Transport(No.2011-329-224-330)the National Nonprofit Institute Research Grants of Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering(Nos.TKS100216,TKS130206,and TKS160215),China
文摘A membrane bioreactor （MBR） was established for treating harbor oily wastewater. It showed good removal performance for chemical oxygen demand （COD）, oil content, suspended solids （SS）, and other pollutants. However, serious membrane fouling occurred. It was recognized that the extracellular polymeric substances （EPS） accumulated on the membrane surface, especially the proteins, were of great importance for the transmembrane pressure （TMP） increment and membrane fouling. The MBR was optimized via improving aeration rate and reducing the ratio of Ar/Ad （At and Ad are the cross-sectional areas of the riser and the downcomer of the MBR）. The increasing rate of TMP was slowed, indicating that the optimization strategy could effectively mitigate membrane fouling. Microbial community evolution was monitored and analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （PCR-DGGE）, cloning, and sequencing of 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid （rRNA） fragments. Results revealed that low community shift occurred during the whole operational period. Geobacter sp. and Rhodocyclales sp., which have also been identified by other studies in a petroleum refinery wastewater MBR or an infiltration basin receiving highway runoff, dominated in the MBR system throughout. Comamonas sp. was thought to accommodate the lower aeration rate in this study, while Rhodocyclales sp. preferred the higher aeration rate. In addition, during the operational time under high organic loading rate, a few species were present in abundance, and may have been responsible for the good removal performance at this time.
基金Projects 50425414 supported by thte National Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars2006A019 by the Science and Technology Fund of China University of Mining &Technology
文摘A new type of device,a dissolved-air flotation column,was developed for separation of oily wastewater. The unique design idea of the dissolved-air flotation column is the combined use of dissolved-air flotation and column flotation. The dissolved air release occurred within the column separation system. As a potential application the column was investigated for its performance in separating emulsified oil droplets in oily wastewater. A high separation efficiency was obtained in a series of tests. The aeration performance of the bubble generator used in the dissolved-air flotation column was also studied in particular.
文摘Oily wastewater poses significant threats to the soil, water, air and human beings because of the hazardous nature of its oil contents. The objective of this review paper is to highlight the current and recently developed methods for oily wastewater treatment through which contaminants such as oil, fats, grease, and inorganics can be removed for safe applications.These include electrochemical treatment, membrane filtration, biological treatment,hybrid technologies, use of biosurfactants, treatment via vacuum ultraviolet radiation,and destabilization of emulsions through the use of zeolites and other natural minerals.This review encompasses innovative and novel approaches to oily wastewater treatment and provides scientific background for future work that will be aimed at reducing the adverse impact of the discharge of oily wastewater into the environment. The current challenges affecting the optimal performance of oily wastewater treatment methods and opportunities for future research development in this field are also discussed.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91025015, 30770387)
文摘Riparian vegetation in the lower reaches of Heihe River serves important ecological functions. However, the riparian ecosystems have been constantly deteriorating in the past 30 years simply due to water interception for oasis agricultural irrigation in the middle reaches of the river. This study pays a particular attention to Populus eu- phratica Oily. forest because it is a dominant component of the riparian ecosystem in the lower reaches of Heihe River where the depth of groundwater table is the controlling factor in sustaining riparian ecosystems. To reveal leaf-related physiological responses of Populus euphratica Oliv. forest to groundwater table variations, we analyzed the relationships between the depth of groundwater table （DG） and three leaf-related parameters, i.e. leaf stomatal density （SD）, specific leaf area （SLA）, and stable carbon isotopic composition （6~SC）. Our results show that the relationship between DG and leaf SD is a bi-mode one shaped by both salt stress and water stress. That is, salt stress appeared in shallow groundwater conditions and water stress happened in deep groundwater conditions, and the thin layer around 2.7 m of DG is a stress-free layer. Leaf SD fluctuated according to the DG variation, first de- creased with increasing DG, then increased at depths ranging 2.7-3.7 m, and after a relatively stable plateau of SD at depths ranging 3.7-5.2 m, decreased again with increasing DG. Our results also show that SLA decreased ex- ponentially with increasing DG and foliar 6130 values are also strongly dependent on DG, further demonstrating that these two parameters are sensitive indicators of water stress. The exponential curve suggests that SLA is more sensitive to DG when groundwater table is shallow and 3 m seems to be a threshold beyond which SLA becomes less sensitive to DG. Foliar 613C becomes more sensitive when the groundwater table is deep and 7 m seems to be a threshold below which the 6130 signature becomes more sensitive to DG. These findings should be helpful in monitoring the growth and development of Populus euphratica Oliv. forests and also in providing protection measures （i.e. DG related） for Heihe River riparian forests.
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is one of the most common cancers and the third highest cause of cancerassociated mortality worldwide. The treatment of HCC is complicated by its variable biological behavior and the frequent coexistence of chronic liver disease, particularly cirrhosis. To date, multiple treatment modalities have been developed according to the stage of the tumor and the hepatic functional reserve, including transarterial treatments such as transarterial chemoembolization, transarterial oily chemoembolization(TOCE), and hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy(HAIC). We conducted a phase I and II study of the combination therapy with double platinum agents, miriplatin and cisplatin, and confirmed its safety and efficacy. Here, we describe two cases of unresectable HCC who were successfully treated by miriplatin-TOCE/cisplatin-HAIC combination therapy, resulting in complete responses with no significant adverse events. This report will provide that the combination therapy can be the therapeutic option for HCC patients in the advanced stage.
