The Neogene Shawan Formation in the Chepaizi Uplift of the Junggar Basin(NW China)has obtained high oil flow,demonstrating a good potential for oil and gas exploration.The multi-source hydrocarbon generation backgroun...The Neogene Shawan Formation in the Chepaizi Uplift of the Junggar Basin(NW China)has obtained high oil flow,demonstrating a good potential for oil and gas exploration.The multi-source hydrocarbon generation background and strong tectonic activity have led to the simultaneous production of heavy oil and light oil from multi-layer in the area,which makes it very difficult to identify oil origins,presently,the hot debate on the oil origins needs to be clarified.In this paper,due to the selective consumption of different types of compounds in crude oils by severe and intense biodegradation,the commonly used oilsource correlation tools are ineffective or may produce misleading results,this study adopted a biomarker recovery method based on the principle of mass conservation that uses the sum of the mass of the residual biomarkers and their corresponding biodegradation products to obtain the mass of the original biomarkers,improving the reliability of oil origins determination.Based on the nature and occurrence of crude oils,the investigated oils are subdivided into three types,Group A,Group B and Group C.Group A,light oils occurred mainly in lower structure Neogene Shawan Formation in the western Chepaizi Uplift,while Group B,heavy oils occurred mainly in higher structure Neogene Shawan Formation in the western Chepaizi Uplift.The two types of crude oils may come from the mixed source of Jurassic Badaowan Formation source rocks(J_(1)b)and Paleogene Anjihaihe Formation source rocks(E_(2-3)a)in the Sikeshu Sag,and Jurassic Badaowan Formation source rocks(J_(1)b)are the main source of crude oils.Group C,heavy oils occurred mainly in Neogene Shawan Formation in the eastern Chepaizi Uplift,showing good correlation with the Permian(P_(1)f and P_(2)w)source rocks in the Shawan Sag.At the same time,by combining stable carbon isotope and parameters related to triaromatic steroids,the accuracy of the oilsource correlation results by biomarker recovery method was further verified.展开更多
Environmental pollution,energy consumption,and greenhouse gas emissions are critical global issues.To address these challenges,optimizing skimmer coatings is a major step in commercializing cleaning oil stains.This re...Environmental pollution,energy consumption,and greenhouse gas emissions are critical global issues.To address these challenges,optimizing skimmer coatings is a major step in commercializing cleaning oil stains.This research presents a novel approach to creating and refining oil absorbent coatings,introducing a unique oil spill removal skimmer enhanced with a super hydrophobic polyaniline(PANI)nanofiber coating.The goal of this study was to improve oil absorption performance,increase the contact angle,lower drag,reduce energy consumption,achieve high desirability,and lower production costs.PANI treated with hydrochloric acid was a key focus as it resulted in higher porosity and smaller pore diameters,providing a larger surface area,which are crucial factors for boosting oil absorption and minimizing drag.To optimize optimal nanofiber morphology,PANI synthesized with methanesulfonic acid was first dedoped and then redoped with hydrochloric acid.After optimization,the most effective skimmer coating was achieved using a formulation consisting of 0.1%PANI,an ammonium persulfate/aniline ratio of 0.4,and an acid/aniline ratio of 9.689,along with redoped PANI nanofibers.The optimized skimmer exhibited a remarkable contact angle of 177.477°.The coating achieved drag reduction of 32%,oil absorption of 88.725%,a cost of$1.710,and a desirability rating of 78.5%.In this study,an optimized skimmer coat containing super hydrophobic coat-PANI nanofibers was fabricated.By enhancing contact angle and reducing drag,these coatings increased the skimmer performance by improving oil absorption and reducing fuel consumption.展开更多
Based on the analysis of typical lacustrine shale oil zones in China and their geological characteristics,this study elucidates the fundamental differences between the enrichment patterns of shale oil sweet spots and ...Based on the analysis of typical lacustrine shale oil zones in China and their geological characteristics,this study elucidates the fundamental differences between the enrichment patterns of shale oil sweet spots and conventional oil and gas.The key parameters and evaluation methods for assessing the large-scale production potential of lacustrine shale oil are proposed.The results show that shale oil is a petroleum resource that exists in organic-rich shale formations,in other words,it is preserved in its source bed,following a different process of generation-accumulation-enrichment from conventional oil and gas.Thus,the concept of“reservoir”seems to be inapplicable to shale oil.In China,lacustrine shale oil is distributed widely,but the geological characteristics and sweet spots enrichment patterns of shale oil vary significantly in lacustrine basins where the water environment and the tectonic evolution and diagenetic transformation frameworks are distinct.The core of the evaluation of lacustrine shale oil is“sweet spot volume”.The key factors for evaluating the large-scale production of continental shale oil are the oil storage capacity,oil-bearing capacity and oil producing capacity.The key parameters for evaluating these capacities are total porosity,oil content,and free oil content,respectively.It is recommended to determine the total porosity of shale by combining helium porosity measurement with nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)method,the oil content of key layers by using organic solvent extraction,NMR method and high pressure mercury intrusion methods,and the free oil content by using NMR fluid distribution secondary spectral stripping decomposition and logging.The research results contribute supplemental insights on continental shale oil deliverability in China,and provide a scientific basis for the rapid exploration and large-scale production of lacustrine shale oil.展开更多
Centering on the critical bottlenecks in the development of shale oil in the Jiyang Depression of Shengli Oilfield,key scientific and engineering issues are proposed in aspects such as the storage space and occurrence...Centering on the critical bottlenecks in the development of shale oil in the Jiyang Depression of Shengli Oilfield,key scientific and engineering issues are proposed in aspects such as the storage space and occurrence state of shale oil,the formation mechanisms of multi-scale flow spaces,the mobilization mechanisms of crude oil in pores and fractures,and the enhanced oil recovery(EOR)mechanisms during the late stage of elastic development.The research progress and mechanistic insights in recent years are reviewed with respect to experimental techniques,characteristics of pore-fracture structure and fluid occurrence,fracture evolution mechanisms,shale oil flow mechanisms and EOR techniques.Through improving the experimental methods,optimizing the testing conditions,and developing new technologies,we deeply understand the occurrence state,storage space and flow pattern of shale oil,and reveal the distribution pattern of“oil-bearing in all pore sizes and oil-rich in large pores”and the differences in fluid phase states under the confinement effect of nano-scale pores in the shales of the Jiyang Depression;depict the characteristics of“restricted vertical expansion and complex fracture networks”of induced fractures and the dynamic evolution of fracture networks during the fracturing-soaking-production process;establish a“easy flow-slow flow-stagnant flow”three-zone model and the elastic drive+imbibition drive synergistic energy replenishment mechanism;and carry out high-pressure injection to further enhance the mass transfer and diffusion capacity of CO_(2)within the shale pore-fracture system,and compete for the desorption of alkanes to improve the mobilization degree of shale oil.The research achievements provide crucial support for the formation of the theory of continental shale oil development and the construction of the technical system.The future research efforts will focus on mine-scale multi-field coupling physical simulation equipment,microscopic to macroscopic multi-scale experimental methods,pore/fracture fine characterization and post-fracturing core fracture description technologies,multi-media fluid-structure coupling numerical simulation algorithms,and low-cost EOR and low-quality shale oil in-situ upgrading technologies,in order to promote the large-scale and profitable development of shale oil in the Jiyang Depression.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the effects of shortening the duration of silicone oil tamponade on retinal structure and function in patients undergoing silicone oil removal(SOR)after surgery for primary rhegmatogenous retinal de...AIM:To investigate the effects of shortening the duration of silicone oil tamponade on retinal structure and function in patients undergoing silicone oil removal(SOR)after surgery for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD).METHODS:A total of 58 eligible patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to two groups based on tamponade duration:the short-term group(30-45d)and the conventional group(≥90d).Comprehensive evaluations were performed before and after SOR,including slitlamp examination,best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)measurement,intraocular pressure(IOP)testing,optical coherence tomography(OCT),optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA),microperimetry,electroretinography(ERG),and visual evoked potential(VEP)assessment.RESULTS:A total of 33 patients(23 males and 10 females;33 eyes)were enrolled in the short-term SO tamponade group with mean age of 52.45±9.35y,and 25 patients(15 males and 10 females;25 eyes)were enrolled in the conventional SO tamponade group with mean age of 50.80±12.06y.Compared with the conventional group,the short-term silicone oil tamponade group had a significantly lower incidence of silicone oil emulsification and cataract progression,with no significant difference in retinal reattachment success rate.Structurally,short-term tamponade was associated with increased thickness of the retinal ganglion cell layer(RGCL)in the nasal and superior macular regions and improved recovery of superficial retinal vascular density in these areas.Functionally,the shortterm group showed better BCVA and retinal sensitivity both before and 1mo after SOR;additionally,the P100 amplitude in VEP tests was significantly increased in this group.CONCLUSION:Shortening the duration of silicone oil tamponade effectively reduces damage to retinal structure and function without compromising the success rate of retinal reattachment in patients with primary RRD.展开更多
In the Jimusaer Sag of the Junggar Basin,crude oils from the upper and lower sweet-spot intervals of the Permian Lucaogou Formation display a pronounced“light-heavy reversal”in oil properties that indicates a fundam...In the Jimusaer Sag of the Junggar Basin,crude oils from the upper and lower sweet-spot intervals of the Permian Lucaogou Formation display a pronounced“light-heavy reversal”in oil properties that indicates a fundamental mismatch between oil composition and host rock maturity.To resolve this anomaly,this study integrates geological,geochemical,and petrophysical datasets and systematically evaluates the combined roles of thermal evolution,organofacies,wettability,abnormal overpressure,and migration-related fractionation on shale oil composition.On this basis,a“staged charging-cumulative charging”model is proposed to explain compositional heterogeneity in lacustrine shale oils.The results demonstrate that crude-oil compositions are jointly controlled by the extent of biomarker depletion,the temporal evolution of hydrocarbon charging,and the openness of the source-reservoir system,rather than by thermal maturity or organofacies alone.The upper sweet-spot interval is interpreted to have functioned as a semi-open system during early stages,in which hydrocarbon generation and expulsion were broadly synchronous,leading to preferential loss of early-generated,biomarker-rich heavy components,whereas progressive shale diagenesis at later stages promoted the retention of highly mature,light hydrocarbons.In contrast,the lower sweet-spot interval represents a relatively closed system,where hydrocarbons generated during multiple stages continuously accumulated and were preserved as mixed charges;overprinting by multi-phase fluids progressively weakened sterane isomerization signals,rendering them unreliable indicators of individual charging events or final thermal maturity.This charging behavior provides a reasonable explanation for anomalously low or distorted biomarker parameters observed in intervals of low or similar maturity.Overall,the proposed charging model reconciles the observed reversal in crude-oil properties and,by shifting the interpretive focus from static maturity assessment to charging dynamics,offers a new theoretical basis for understanding lacustrine shale oil accumulation processes,and guiding sweet-spot selection and exploration-development strategies.展开更多
Plant oils are increasingly sought after as sustainable sources of bioenergy for biodiesel production and high-value biochemicals.Although oilseed crops currently serve as the primary source of plant oils,meeting the ...Plant oils are increasingly sought after as sustainable sources of bioenergy for biodiesel production and high-value biochemicals.Although oilseed crops currently serve as the primary source of plant oils,meeting the rising global demand on limited arable land,without compromising food security,remains a major challenge.Therefore,metabolic engineering of high-biomass bioenergy feedstocks has been widely explored to enhance the conversion of carbon stored in vegetative tissues into energy-dense triacylglycerol(TAG).Significant progress has been made in boosting TAG accumulation in the vegetative tissues of various plant species through bioengineering strategies.These efforts span from single-gene modifications to the coordinated expression of key lipogenic factors such as WRI1,DGAT1/2,and OLE1.The resulting fatty acid and TAG profiles,however,often vary depending on the targeted plant species and promoter(s)used.This review summarizes the roles of essential lipogenic factors in plant oil biosynthesis and highlights recent advances in metabolic engineering across diverse crop species through combinatorial expression of these factors.We also discuss future strategies for achieving high-level oil production without incurring growth penalties.By offering new perspectives on metabolic engineering,this work aims to support the development of plants as efficient biofuel feedstocks,contributing to the global effort to address energy challenges.展开更多
In this study,thyme essential oil(TEO)nanoemulsion(tPTNs)was constructed with transglutaminase(TGase)-modified potato protein,and its antibacterial activity and mechanism of action were evaluated and explored.Results ...In this study,thyme essential oil(TEO)nanoemulsion(tPTNs)was constructed with transglutaminase(TGase)-modified potato protein,and its antibacterial activity and mechanism of action were evaluated and explored.Results indicated that tPTNs exhibited great antibacterial activity against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli,with minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)of 2.5 and 5.0 mg/mL,respectively.Also,the antibacterial effects of tPTNs were concentration-dependent.We observed a significant decrease in the absolute value of the zeta potential,and significant increases in particle size,cell membrane hydrophobicity,conductivity,the release of metal ions,and the leakage of nucleic acid as the concentration of tPTNs increased from 0 mg/mL to MBC.Furthermore,sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE)demonstrated that protein synthesis was inhibited or even disrupted.Analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)indicated that treatment with tPTNs caused significant changes in bacterial metabolites,1117 and 692 differential metabolites being found for S.aureus and E.coli,respectively.The differential metabolites were involved in nucleotide metabolism,amino acid metabolism,tricarboxylic acid cycle and other metabolic pathways.These findings provide valuable insights for the application of thyme essential oil as an efficient antibacterial agent and for the understanding of its mechanism of action.展开更多
Cyperus esculentus root oil(CEL)is a plant of significant economic value,rich in unsaturated fatty acids like oleic acid,linoleic acid,and linolenic acid.In this study,human dermal fibroblasts(HSF)were used to create ...Cyperus esculentus root oil(CEL)is a plant of significant economic value,rich in unsaturated fatty acids like oleic acid,linoleic acid,and linolenic acid.In this study,human dermal fibroblasts(HSF)were used to create an inflammatory model,and the impact of coldpressed oil from CEL on the secretion of inflammatory factors was assessed.The results showed that CEL significantly inhibited IL-6 and IL-1βthat were secreted by HSF cells induced by tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)(P<0.0001),with inhibition rates of 50.79%and 20.26%,respectively.Furthermore,CEL markedly enhanced the secretion of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10(P<0.01),with an improvement rate of 94.42%.The study further explored the impact of CEL on collagen type I(Col-I)and hyaluronic acid(HA)secretion in the cells.The results demonstrated that CEL effectively increased Col-I secretion by 26.15%(P<0.0001)and HA by 30.2%(P<0.0001)when it was administered at a maximum safe mass fraction of 6%,which consequently showed its potential anti-aging and moisturizing properties.Additionally,fluorescence real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR)experiments confirmed that CEL significantly inhibited the TNF-α-induced expression of IL-6,IL-1β,and matrix metalloproteinases(MMP-1,3,9)in HSF cells,while promoted the mRNA expression levels of IL-10 and hyaluronic acid synthase.This modulation suggested that CEL exerted anti-inflammatory and anti-aging effects.Finally,the oil’s anti-inflammatory,anti-senility,and moisturizing effects were validated through the clinical evaluations.In summary,CEL,as a natural raw material abundant in unsaturated fatty acids,shows promising potential for further development and usage in cosmetics due to its anti-inflammatory,anti-aging,and moisturizing properties in personal care.展开更多
Drought,as the most catastrophic abiotic stress,poses a significant threat to the growth and development of plants.Among the mechanisms employed by plants to cope with drought-induced stress,abscisic acid(ABA)which is...Drought,as the most catastrophic abiotic stress,poses a significant threat to the growth and development of plants.Among the mechanisms employed by plants to cope with drought-induced stress,abscisic acid(ABA)which is the sesquiterpene hormone,occupies a pivotal role.A hypothesis has emerged that the exogenous application of ABA can positively influence the terpenoid content of Lavandula angustifolia cv Hidcote essential oil(EO),thereby conferring enhanced resilience to drought stress.A randomized complete block design experiment was conducted with three replicationsandfour irrigation regimes,including I4[30%-40%of field capacity(FC)],I3(50%-60%FC),I2(70%-80%FC),andI1(90%-100%FC)as control.Application of ABAspraying included three concentrations,A3(30μmol·L^(-1)ABA),A2(15μmol·L^(-1)ABA),and A1 as control(distilled water).Results revealed that drought significantly affected all studied traits except for relative water content(RWC)and shoot dry mass.The ABA impact application on the observed traits was found to be dependent upon the level of drought to which the plants were exposed.Specifically,the highest levels of flavonoid content,total antioxidant activity,peroxidase(POX)activity,and EO percentage were observed under I4A2 conditions.Conversely,the highest levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)activity,and proline were recorded under I4A3 conditions,while the highest EO yield was obtained under I3A2 conditions.Analysis of the EO revealed that there were common indicative compounds across the varying levels of droughtandABAapplication,including linalool,camphor,borneol,bornyl formate,andcaryophyllene oxide.Theproduction pattern ofmonoterpene and sesquiterpene compounds demonstrated a distinct trend,with the highest concentration of monoterpene hydrocarbon compounds(average of 12.92%)being observed in the I2A3 treatment group,andthe highest concentration of oxygenatedmonoterpenecompounds(average of 64.76%)being recorded in the I1A1 group.Conversely,the most significant levels of sesquiterpene hydrocarboncompounds(14.98%)andoxygenated sesquiterpene compounds(10.46%)were observed in the I4A3 and I4A1 groups,respectively,showing the efficacy of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes from the action of ABA under drought conditions.The observed results indicated that the concentration of oxygenated monoterpene compounds decreases with an increase in drought level.Conversely,the application of ABA at any given drought level appears to resulted in increased concentrations of oxygenated monoterpene compounds in the same conditions.It may be concluded that plants under high-stress drought conditions allocate more terpene precursors to the production of sesquiterpene hydrocarbon compounds,aided by ABA with the same properties.展开更多
Transient electromagnetic methods are increasingly adopted for field investigation of oil pollution because they provide rapid,non-invasive imaging of subsurface electrical conductivity across depths relevant to vados...Transient electromagnetic methods are increasingly adopted for field investigation of oil pollution because they provide rapid,non-invasive imaging of subsurface electrical conductivity across depths relevant to vadose-zone impacts,groundwater plumes,and coastal transition zones.This review synthesizes recent advances that have expanded TEM(Transient Electromagnetic Method)’s environmental applicability,including higher dynamic range receivers,multi-moment acquisition that improves shallow-to-deep sensitivity,and diversified deployment platforms spanning ground,mobile/towed,airborne,and coastal/marine configurations,with emerging UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle)options for constrained access.We emphasize the electrical and geochemical basis of hydrocarbon-related signatures,showing why fresh releases may appear resistive through NAPL(Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid)displacement of conductive pore water,whereas aged contamination often produces conductive responses driven by biodegradation,redox evolution,and elevated ionic strength.Because these responses are non-unique and can be confounded by clay-rich lithology,salinity gradients,temperature variability,and cultural infrastructure,contemporary interpretation has shifted toward process-consistent conceptual site models and uncertainty-aware products that communicate depth of investigation and resolution limits.A thematic synthesis of field applications indicates TEM is most reliable for mapping hydrogeological architecture,delineating plausible plume corridors,prioritizing intrusive sampling,and supporting monitoring where repeatability and background variability are controlled.The review concludes that TEM delivers the greatest decision value when integrated in a weight-of-evidence framework with hydrogeology,geochemistry,and targeted ground truth,and it highlights future needs in standardized reporting,robust time-lapse appraisal,and stronger petrophysical links to hydrocarbon transformation.展开更多
Oil palm fiber is a natural fiber derived from agricultural biomass and has gained significant attention as an alternative reinforcement material in composite materials due to its abundance,renewability,and environmen...Oil palm fiber is a natural fiber derived from agricultural biomass and has gained significant attention as an alternative reinforcement material in composite materials due to its abundance,renewability,and environmental benefits.This review explores the various enhancement techniques applied to oil palm fiber to improve its properties for composite material development.Key areas of focus include chemical treatments,physical modifications,and hybridization with other fibers to improve fiber-matrix bonding,mechanical strength,and thermal stability.Integration of nanomaterials and bio-based resins to enhance the performance and sustainability of oil palm fiber composites is also discussed.Applications in industries such as automotive,construction,packaging,and consumer goods highlighted the potential for these composites to replace traditional,non-renewable materials.Challenges such as fiber variability,production scalability,and market adoption were examined,along with future directions in advancing oil palm fiber-based composites.展开更多
Krill oil is effective in reducing blood lipid levels,particularly in individuals with severe hyperlipidemia.However,poor water insolubility and stability limited its usage.This study investigated a method for encapsu...Krill oil is effective in reducing blood lipid levels,particularly in individuals with severe hyperlipidemia.However,poor water insolubility and stability limited its usage.This study investigated a method for encapsulating Antarctic krill oil using alginate(ALG)and gelatin(GLN)to enhance its stability and bioactivity.The encapsulation efficiency,functional group integrity,swelling rate,and lipid-lowering activity were assessed.Results indicated that the optimal encapsulation conditions were identified with an ALG:GLN ratio of 2:1(m/m),coagulation bath of 9%CaCl_(2),and a nozzle size of 750μm,resulting in 69.34%encapsulation efficiency.Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed successful encapsulation.The ALG-GLN shell materials enriched astaxanthin in krill oil and protected it from harsh gastric conditions,enabling targeted intestinal release.In a high-fat diet-induced rat model,krill oil microcapsules significantly reduced triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol(TC),and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C)levels while increasing high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C)levels compared to unencapsulated krill oil.Additionally,the microcapsules elevated nitric oxide(NO)levels,enhanced superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity,and reduced malondialdehyde(MDA)levels,liver and perirenal fat weight.Therefore,encapsulating Antarctic krill oil in alginate-gelatin hydrogel offers a promising strategy for managing hyperlipidemia and associated metabolic disorders.展开更多
The Liushagang Formation in the Weixinan Depression,Beibu Gulf Basin,southern China,is one of the key stratigraphic units for offshore shale oil exploration in the country.The shale oil reservoirs in the formation are...The Liushagang Formation in the Weixinan Depression,Beibu Gulf Basin,southern China,is one of the key stratigraphic units for offshore shale oil exploration in the country.The shale oil reservoirs in the formation are characterized by low porosity,low permeability and strong heterogeneity,which constrain the precise evaluation of reservoir properties,the accurate prediction of sweet spots,and efficient development.This study integrates core observation,mineralogical analysis,and multi-scale pore characterization to systematically clarify the variations in reservoir properties and their controlling mechanisms.The results show that the physical properties of matrix-type,lamina-type,and interlayer-type reservoirs exhibit distinct stepwise variations:Among these,interlayer-type reservoirs show the greatest development potential(quartz content 65%,average porosity 15%,permeability>10 mD,and mobile fluid saturation 60%),whereas matrix-type reservoirs are the least favorable(dominated by 40 nm nanoscale pores,and clay content 45%).Mineral composition,sedimentary-diagenetic processes,and fault systems collectively control reservoir property heterogeneity.Quartz-rich rigid frameworks resist compaction,resulting in a porosity increase by approximately 2% for every 10%rise in q uartz content.The transformation of clay minerals induces stratified porosity zoning within the layered reservoirs,while fault systems enhance heterogeneity through the development of fracture networks and acid-induced dissolution.This study provides theoretical support for the evaluation and development of shale oil sweet spots in the Weixinan Depression and holds practical significance for the commercial development of shale oil in China's offshore areas.展开更多
Lodging is a major constraint limiting oil flax production efficiency in northern China.Crop lodging susceptibility is closely related to stem lignin content,and the regulatory mechanisms by which nitrogen and potassi...Lodging is a major constraint limiting oil flax production efficiency in northern China.Crop lodging susceptibility is closely related to stem lignin content,and the regulatory mechanisms by which nitrogen and potassium fertilization interactively influence lignin biosynthesis in oil flax stems require further investigation.Therefore,this study aimed to enhance lodging resistance and increase grain yield in oil flax.We examined the interactive effects of different nitrogen (75,150,and 225 kg N ha^(–1)) and potassium (60 and 90 kg K_(2)O ha^(–1)) fertilizer rates on lignin metabolism,lodging resistance,and grain yield during the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons.Results indicated that nitrogen and potassium fertilizer levels and their interactions promoted lignin accumulation,improved lodging resistance,and increased grain yield.Compared to the control (CK),the75–150 kg N ha^(–1) combined with 60 kg K_(2)O ha^(–1) treatments significantly enhanced the activities of key lignin-synthesizing enzymes (tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL),phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL),cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD),and peroxidase (POD)) and upregulated the expression of 4CL1 and F5H3 genes,leading to a 29.63–43.30%increase in lignin content,improved stem bending strength and lodging resistance index,and a 23.27–32.34%increase in grain yield.Correlation analysis revealed that nitrogen and potassium fertilizers positively regulated enzyme activities and gene expression related to lignin biosynthesis,thereby facilitating lignin accumulation and enhancing stem mechanical strength and lodging resistance.Positive correlations were observed among lignin-related enzyme activities,gene expression,lodging resistance traits,and grain yield.In summary,the application of 75–150 kg N ha^(–1) in conjunction with 60 kg K_(2)O ha^(–1)promoted lignin biosynthesis and accumulation,enhanced lodging resistance,and increased grain yield in oil flax grown in the dryland farming region of central Gansu,China.Furthermore,this treatment provides a technical basis for cultivating stress-tolerant and high-yield oil flax in arid regions.展开更多
Oil and gas resources serve as the driving force for economic and social development.This rapid development of science and technology has accelerated the exploration,development,and utilization of oil and gas resource...Oil and gas resources serve as the driving force for economic and social development.This rapid development of science and technology has accelerated the exploration,development,and utilization of oil and gas resources,and thus led to spurts in related research.However,the research trends in global oil and gas exploration vary with the progress of science and technology as well as social demands.Accordingly,they are not easily captured.This study explores the research trends in global oil and gas exploration through the bibliometric analysis of 3460 articles on oil and gas exploration collected from the Web of Science database and published from 2013 to 2023.The research hotspots,objects,regional distribution,methods,and evaluation methods in oil and gas exploration are analyzed,and the direction of development of oil and gas exploration is presented on this basis.The research characteristics of four major countries or regions related to oil and gas exploration were further investigated and compared.The results show that the number of publications on oil and gas exploration research has been continuously increasing in the past decade,with China ranking the top in terms of publications.Given the continuously evolving global energy demand,exploration of unconventional oil and gas,application of digital technology,deep and emerging regional resource exploration,and environmentally friendly and low-carbon source exploration will be future research hotspots.展开更多
Accurate forecasting of crude oil futures prices is crucial for understanding global energy market dynamics and formulating effective macroeconomic and energy strategies.However,the strong nonlinearity and multi-scale...Accurate forecasting of crude oil futures prices is crucial for understanding global energy market dynamics and formulating effective macroeconomic and energy strategies.However,the strong nonlinearity and multi-scale temporal characteristics of crude oil prices pose significant challenges to traditional forecasting methods.To address these issues,this study proposes a hybrid CEEMDAN–HOA–Transformer–GRU model that integrates decomposition,complexity analysis,adaptive modeling,and intelligent optimization.Specifically,Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise(CEEMDAN)is employed to decompose the original series into multi-scale components,after which entropy-based complexity analysis quantitatively evaluates each component.A differentiated modeling strategy is then applied:Transformer networks capture long-term dependencies in high-complexity components,while Gated Recurrent Units(GRU)model short-term dynamics in relatively simple components.To further enhance robustness,the Hiking Optimization Algorithm(HOA)is used for joint hyperparameter optimization across both base learners.Empirical analysis of WTI and Brent crude oil futures demonstrates the technical effectiveness of the framework.Compared with benchmark models,the proposed method reduces RMSE by 79.16% for WTI and 77.47% for Brent.Incorporating complexity analysis further decreases RMSE by 36.51%for WTI and 34.93%for Brent,confirming the superior nonlinear modeling capacity and generalization performance of the integrated framework.Overall,this study provides not only a technically reliable tool for modeling complex financial time series but also practical guidance for improving the accuracy and stability of crude oil price forecasting,thereby supporting market monitoring,risk management,and policy formulation.展开更多
Previous studies have shown that the Eocene oil shale sequences in the Green River Basin contain long-period astronomical age information.The fine-scale chronological characteristics of the oil shale laminae remain la...Previous studies have shown that the Eocene oil shale sequences in the Green River Basin contain long-period astronomical age information.The fine-scale chronological characteristics of the oil shale laminae remain largely unexplored.We selected finely laminated oil shales formed in deep-water environments characterized by stable water column stratification as the primary focus of this study,using microscopy and micro-area X-ray fluorescence(μ-XRF)techniques.By integrating high-resolution elemental data with timeseries analysis,we identified significant periodic signals associated with solar activity(Hale and Schwabe cycles)and ENSO.The results indicate that the alternations of light and dark laminae in the Green River Formation oil shale correspond to alternating dry and wet climate regimes:the light laminae are dominated by carbonate minerals,reflecting drier and milder conditions,while the dark laminae are enriched in terrigenous clastics and organic matter,indicating periods of increased precipitation and warmer temperatures.The detected periodicities(23.5 years,13.3 years and 5.8 years)are highly consistent with modern observations,demonstrating that the lower Eocene Green River oil shale effectively records short-term solar activity and climate variability.Furthermore,our findings confirm that a persistent"permanent El Niño"state did not develop under Early Eocene greenhouse conditions,providing a refined chronological framework for highresolution paleoclimate studies during greenhouse intervals.展开更多
Arc faults within the transformers can generate sudden pressure surges,constituting significant hazards that may precipitate oil tank explosions and severely compromise power system stability.Conventional power−freque...Arc faults within the transformers can generate sudden pressure surges,constituting significant hazards that may precipitate oil tank explosions and severely compromise power system stability.Conventional power−frequency arc discharge experiments encounter limitations in isolating pressure wave characteristics due to persistent gas generation and arc reignition.To circumvent these challenges,an oil-immersed impulse voltage discharge platform was conceived and engineered to investigate pressure wave propagation dynamics.A pressure numerical simulation model and theoretical model of oil−solid interface reflection and refraction were subsequently established to elucidate the pressure propagation mechanism.The experimental and simulation results show that the pressure wave generated by pulsed arc discharge in oil propagates radially in the form of spherical waves.Due to the viscous loss and wave front expansion of transformer oil,the peak pressure decays exponentially with distance,with a decay coefficientβ=1.15.When pressure waves encounter metal obstacles inside transformer oil,there are two propagation paths:direct transmission through and multiple reflections through,and a mode transformation of pressure waves occurs at the oil−solid interface,mainly propagating through obstacles in the form of transverse waves.This work quantitatively delineates the energy pressure wave coupling,propagation dynamics,and attenuation mechanisms,providing critical insights for assessing and mitigating arc fault-induced transformer explosion risks.展开更多
基金co-funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42372160,42072172)。
文摘The Neogene Shawan Formation in the Chepaizi Uplift of the Junggar Basin(NW China)has obtained high oil flow,demonstrating a good potential for oil and gas exploration.The multi-source hydrocarbon generation background and strong tectonic activity have led to the simultaneous production of heavy oil and light oil from multi-layer in the area,which makes it very difficult to identify oil origins,presently,the hot debate on the oil origins needs to be clarified.In this paper,due to the selective consumption of different types of compounds in crude oils by severe and intense biodegradation,the commonly used oilsource correlation tools are ineffective or may produce misleading results,this study adopted a biomarker recovery method based on the principle of mass conservation that uses the sum of the mass of the residual biomarkers and their corresponding biodegradation products to obtain the mass of the original biomarkers,improving the reliability of oil origins determination.Based on the nature and occurrence of crude oils,the investigated oils are subdivided into three types,Group A,Group B and Group C.Group A,light oils occurred mainly in lower structure Neogene Shawan Formation in the western Chepaizi Uplift,while Group B,heavy oils occurred mainly in higher structure Neogene Shawan Formation in the western Chepaizi Uplift.The two types of crude oils may come from the mixed source of Jurassic Badaowan Formation source rocks(J_(1)b)and Paleogene Anjihaihe Formation source rocks(E_(2-3)a)in the Sikeshu Sag,and Jurassic Badaowan Formation source rocks(J_(1)b)are the main source of crude oils.Group C,heavy oils occurred mainly in Neogene Shawan Formation in the eastern Chepaizi Uplift,showing good correlation with the Permian(P_(1)f and P_(2)w)source rocks in the Shawan Sag.At the same time,by combining stable carbon isotope and parameters related to triaromatic steroids,the accuracy of the oilsource correlation results by biomarker recovery method was further verified.
文摘Environmental pollution,energy consumption,and greenhouse gas emissions are critical global issues.To address these challenges,optimizing skimmer coatings is a major step in commercializing cleaning oil stains.This research presents a novel approach to creating and refining oil absorbent coatings,introducing a unique oil spill removal skimmer enhanced with a super hydrophobic polyaniline(PANI)nanofiber coating.The goal of this study was to improve oil absorption performance,increase the contact angle,lower drag,reduce energy consumption,achieve high desirability,and lower production costs.PANI treated with hydrochloric acid was a key focus as it resulted in higher porosity and smaller pore diameters,providing a larger surface area,which are crucial factors for boosting oil absorption and minimizing drag.To optimize optimal nanofiber morphology,PANI synthesized with methanesulfonic acid was first dedoped and then redoped with hydrochloric acid.After optimization,the most effective skimmer coating was achieved using a formulation consisting of 0.1%PANI,an ammonium persulfate/aniline ratio of 0.4,and an acid/aniline ratio of 9.689,along with redoped PANI nanofibers.The optimized skimmer exhibited a remarkable contact angle of 177.477°.The coating achieved drag reduction of 32%,oil absorption of 88.725%,a cost of$1.710,and a desirability rating of 78.5%.In this study,an optimized skimmer coat containing super hydrophobic coat-PANI nanofibers was fabricated.By enhancing contact angle and reducing drag,these coatings increased the skimmer performance by improving oil absorption and reducing fuel consumption.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFE0114000)Science and Technology Project of China National Petroleum Corporation(2024DJ8702).
文摘Based on the analysis of typical lacustrine shale oil zones in China and their geological characteristics,this study elucidates the fundamental differences between the enrichment patterns of shale oil sweet spots and conventional oil and gas.The key parameters and evaluation methods for assessing the large-scale production potential of lacustrine shale oil are proposed.The results show that shale oil is a petroleum resource that exists in organic-rich shale formations,in other words,it is preserved in its source bed,following a different process of generation-accumulation-enrichment from conventional oil and gas.Thus,the concept of“reservoir”seems to be inapplicable to shale oil.In China,lacustrine shale oil is distributed widely,but the geological characteristics and sweet spots enrichment patterns of shale oil vary significantly in lacustrine basins where the water environment and the tectonic evolution and diagenetic transformation frameworks are distinct.The core of the evaluation of lacustrine shale oil is“sweet spot volume”.The key factors for evaluating the large-scale production of continental shale oil are the oil storage capacity,oil-bearing capacity and oil producing capacity.The key parameters for evaluating these capacities are total porosity,oil content,and free oil content,respectively.It is recommended to determine the total porosity of shale by combining helium porosity measurement with nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)method,the oil content of key layers by using organic solvent extraction,NMR method and high pressure mercury intrusion methods,and the free oil content by using NMR fluid distribution secondary spectral stripping decomposition and logging.The research results contribute supplemental insights on continental shale oil deliverability in China,and provide a scientific basis for the rapid exploration and large-scale production of lacustrine shale oil.
基金Supported by the China National Science and Technology Major Project(2024ZD1405103)SINOPEC Science and Technology Major Project(P25184)。
文摘Centering on the critical bottlenecks in the development of shale oil in the Jiyang Depression of Shengli Oilfield,key scientific and engineering issues are proposed in aspects such as the storage space and occurrence state of shale oil,the formation mechanisms of multi-scale flow spaces,the mobilization mechanisms of crude oil in pores and fractures,and the enhanced oil recovery(EOR)mechanisms during the late stage of elastic development.The research progress and mechanistic insights in recent years are reviewed with respect to experimental techniques,characteristics of pore-fracture structure and fluid occurrence,fracture evolution mechanisms,shale oil flow mechanisms and EOR techniques.Through improving the experimental methods,optimizing the testing conditions,and developing new technologies,we deeply understand the occurrence state,storage space and flow pattern of shale oil,and reveal the distribution pattern of“oil-bearing in all pore sizes and oil-rich in large pores”and the differences in fluid phase states under the confinement effect of nano-scale pores in the shales of the Jiyang Depression;depict the characteristics of“restricted vertical expansion and complex fracture networks”of induced fractures and the dynamic evolution of fracture networks during the fracturing-soaking-production process;establish a“easy flow-slow flow-stagnant flow”three-zone model and the elastic drive+imbibition drive synergistic energy replenishment mechanism;and carry out high-pressure injection to further enhance the mass transfer and diffusion capacity of CO_(2)within the shale pore-fracture system,and compete for the desorption of alkanes to improve the mobilization degree of shale oil.The research achievements provide crucial support for the formation of the theory of continental shale oil development and the construction of the technical system.The future research efforts will focus on mine-scale multi-field coupling physical simulation equipment,microscopic to macroscopic multi-scale experimental methods,pore/fracture fine characterization and post-fracturing core fracture description technologies,multi-media fluid-structure coupling numerical simulation algorithms,and low-cost EOR and low-quality shale oil in-situ upgrading technologies,in order to promote the large-scale and profitable development of shale oil in the Jiyang Depression.
基金Supported by the Key Science&Technology Project of Guangzhou(No.202103000045)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82070972,No.82271093).
文摘AIM:To investigate the effects of shortening the duration of silicone oil tamponade on retinal structure and function in patients undergoing silicone oil removal(SOR)after surgery for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD).METHODS:A total of 58 eligible patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to two groups based on tamponade duration:the short-term group(30-45d)and the conventional group(≥90d).Comprehensive evaluations were performed before and after SOR,including slitlamp examination,best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)measurement,intraocular pressure(IOP)testing,optical coherence tomography(OCT),optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA),microperimetry,electroretinography(ERG),and visual evoked potential(VEP)assessment.RESULTS:A total of 33 patients(23 males and 10 females;33 eyes)were enrolled in the short-term SO tamponade group with mean age of 52.45±9.35y,and 25 patients(15 males and 10 females;25 eyes)were enrolled in the conventional SO tamponade group with mean age of 50.80±12.06y.Compared with the conventional group,the short-term silicone oil tamponade group had a significantly lower incidence of silicone oil emulsification and cataract progression,with no significant difference in retinal reattachment success rate.Structurally,short-term tamponade was associated with increased thickness of the retinal ganglion cell layer(RGCL)in the nasal and superior macular regions and improved recovery of superficial retinal vascular density in these areas.Functionally,the shortterm group showed better BCVA and retinal sensitivity both before and 1mo after SOR;additionally,the P100 amplitude in VEP tests was significantly increased in this group.CONCLUSION:Shortening the duration of silicone oil tamponade effectively reduces damage to retinal structure and function without compromising the success rate of retinal reattachment in patients with primary RRD.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42173030,42302161,42473034)State Science and Technology Major Project for New Oil and Gas Exploration and Development,Ministry of Science and Technology(2025ZD1400803)。
文摘In the Jimusaer Sag of the Junggar Basin,crude oils from the upper and lower sweet-spot intervals of the Permian Lucaogou Formation display a pronounced“light-heavy reversal”in oil properties that indicates a fundamental mismatch between oil composition and host rock maturity.To resolve this anomaly,this study integrates geological,geochemical,and petrophysical datasets and systematically evaluates the combined roles of thermal evolution,organofacies,wettability,abnormal overpressure,and migration-related fractionation on shale oil composition.On this basis,a“staged charging-cumulative charging”model is proposed to explain compositional heterogeneity in lacustrine shale oils.The results demonstrate that crude-oil compositions are jointly controlled by the extent of biomarker depletion,the temporal evolution of hydrocarbon charging,and the openness of the source-reservoir system,rather than by thermal maturity or organofacies alone.The upper sweet-spot interval is interpreted to have functioned as a semi-open system during early stages,in which hydrocarbon generation and expulsion were broadly synchronous,leading to preferential loss of early-generated,biomarker-rich heavy components,whereas progressive shale diagenesis at later stages promoted the retention of highly mature,light hydrocarbons.In contrast,the lower sweet-spot interval represents a relatively closed system,where hydrocarbons generated during multiple stages continuously accumulated and were preserved as mixed charges;overprinting by multi-phase fluids progressively weakened sterane isomerization signals,rendering them unreliable indicators of individual charging events or final thermal maturity.This charging behavior provides a reasonable explanation for anomalously low or distorted biomarker parameters observed in intervals of low or similar maturity.Overall,the proposed charging model reconciles the observed reversal in crude-oil properties and,by shifting the interpretive focus from static maturity assessment to charging dynamics,offers a new theoretical basis for understanding lacustrine shale oil accumulation processes,and guiding sweet-spot selection and exploration-development strategies.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of China(32300231)to Jiang Wangthe Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province(324MS023)to Jiang Wang.
文摘Plant oils are increasingly sought after as sustainable sources of bioenergy for biodiesel production and high-value biochemicals.Although oilseed crops currently serve as the primary source of plant oils,meeting the rising global demand on limited arable land,without compromising food security,remains a major challenge.Therefore,metabolic engineering of high-biomass bioenergy feedstocks has been widely explored to enhance the conversion of carbon stored in vegetative tissues into energy-dense triacylglycerol(TAG).Significant progress has been made in boosting TAG accumulation in the vegetative tissues of various plant species through bioengineering strategies.These efforts span from single-gene modifications to the coordinated expression of key lipogenic factors such as WRI1,DGAT1/2,and OLE1.The resulting fatty acid and TAG profiles,however,often vary depending on the targeted plant species and promoter(s)used.This review summarizes the roles of essential lipogenic factors in plant oil biosynthesis and highlights recent advances in metabolic engineering across diverse crop species through combinatorial expression of these factors.We also discuss future strategies for achieving high-level oil production without incurring growth penalties.By offering new perspectives on metabolic engineering,this work aims to support the development of plants as efficient biofuel feedstocks,contributing to the global effort to address energy challenges.
文摘In this study,thyme essential oil(TEO)nanoemulsion(tPTNs)was constructed with transglutaminase(TGase)-modified potato protein,and its antibacterial activity and mechanism of action were evaluated and explored.Results indicated that tPTNs exhibited great antibacterial activity against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli,with minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)of 2.5 and 5.0 mg/mL,respectively.Also,the antibacterial effects of tPTNs were concentration-dependent.We observed a significant decrease in the absolute value of the zeta potential,and significant increases in particle size,cell membrane hydrophobicity,conductivity,the release of metal ions,and the leakage of nucleic acid as the concentration of tPTNs increased from 0 mg/mL to MBC.Furthermore,sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE)demonstrated that protein synthesis was inhibited or even disrupted.Analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)indicated that treatment with tPTNs caused significant changes in bacterial metabolites,1117 and 692 differential metabolites being found for S.aureus and E.coli,respectively.The differential metabolites were involved in nucleotide metabolism,amino acid metabolism,tricarboxylic acid cycle and other metabolic pathways.These findings provide valuable insights for the application of thyme essential oil as an efficient antibacterial agent and for the understanding of its mechanism of action.
文摘Cyperus esculentus root oil(CEL)is a plant of significant economic value,rich in unsaturated fatty acids like oleic acid,linoleic acid,and linolenic acid.In this study,human dermal fibroblasts(HSF)were used to create an inflammatory model,and the impact of coldpressed oil from CEL on the secretion of inflammatory factors was assessed.The results showed that CEL significantly inhibited IL-6 and IL-1βthat were secreted by HSF cells induced by tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)(P<0.0001),with inhibition rates of 50.79%and 20.26%,respectively.Furthermore,CEL markedly enhanced the secretion of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10(P<0.01),with an improvement rate of 94.42%.The study further explored the impact of CEL on collagen type I(Col-I)and hyaluronic acid(HA)secretion in the cells.The results demonstrated that CEL effectively increased Col-I secretion by 26.15%(P<0.0001)and HA by 30.2%(P<0.0001)when it was administered at a maximum safe mass fraction of 6%,which consequently showed its potential anti-aging and moisturizing properties.Additionally,fluorescence real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR)experiments confirmed that CEL significantly inhibited the TNF-α-induced expression of IL-6,IL-1β,and matrix metalloproteinases(MMP-1,3,9)in HSF cells,while promoted the mRNA expression levels of IL-10 and hyaluronic acid synthase.This modulation suggested that CEL exerted anti-inflammatory and anti-aging effects.Finally,the oil’s anti-inflammatory,anti-senility,and moisturizing effects were validated through the clinical evaluations.In summary,CEL,as a natural raw material abundant in unsaturated fatty acids,shows promising potential for further development and usage in cosmetics due to its anti-inflammatory,anti-aging,and moisturizing properties in personal care.
基金We appreciate the financial support of this work by Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources from Golestan Province(Grant No.9413184180).
文摘Drought,as the most catastrophic abiotic stress,poses a significant threat to the growth and development of plants.Among the mechanisms employed by plants to cope with drought-induced stress,abscisic acid(ABA)which is the sesquiterpene hormone,occupies a pivotal role.A hypothesis has emerged that the exogenous application of ABA can positively influence the terpenoid content of Lavandula angustifolia cv Hidcote essential oil(EO),thereby conferring enhanced resilience to drought stress.A randomized complete block design experiment was conducted with three replicationsandfour irrigation regimes,including I4[30%-40%of field capacity(FC)],I3(50%-60%FC),I2(70%-80%FC),andI1(90%-100%FC)as control.Application of ABAspraying included three concentrations,A3(30μmol·L^(-1)ABA),A2(15μmol·L^(-1)ABA),and A1 as control(distilled water).Results revealed that drought significantly affected all studied traits except for relative water content(RWC)and shoot dry mass.The ABA impact application on the observed traits was found to be dependent upon the level of drought to which the plants were exposed.Specifically,the highest levels of flavonoid content,total antioxidant activity,peroxidase(POX)activity,and EO percentage were observed under I4A2 conditions.Conversely,the highest levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)activity,and proline were recorded under I4A3 conditions,while the highest EO yield was obtained under I3A2 conditions.Analysis of the EO revealed that there were common indicative compounds across the varying levels of droughtandABAapplication,including linalool,camphor,borneol,bornyl formate,andcaryophyllene oxide.Theproduction pattern ofmonoterpene and sesquiterpene compounds demonstrated a distinct trend,with the highest concentration of monoterpene hydrocarbon compounds(average of 12.92%)being observed in the I2A3 treatment group,andthe highest concentration of oxygenatedmonoterpenecompounds(average of 64.76%)being recorded in the I1A1 group.Conversely,the most significant levels of sesquiterpene hydrocarboncompounds(14.98%)andoxygenated sesquiterpene compounds(10.46%)were observed in the I4A3 and I4A1 groups,respectively,showing the efficacy of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes from the action of ABA under drought conditions.The observed results indicated that the concentration of oxygenated monoterpene compounds decreases with an increase in drought level.Conversely,the application of ABA at any given drought level appears to resulted in increased concentrations of oxygenated monoterpene compounds in the same conditions.It may be concluded that plants under high-stress drought conditions allocate more terpene precursors to the production of sesquiterpene hydrocarbon compounds,aided by ABA with the same properties.
文摘Transient electromagnetic methods are increasingly adopted for field investigation of oil pollution because they provide rapid,non-invasive imaging of subsurface electrical conductivity across depths relevant to vadose-zone impacts,groundwater plumes,and coastal transition zones.This review synthesizes recent advances that have expanded TEM(Transient Electromagnetic Method)’s environmental applicability,including higher dynamic range receivers,multi-moment acquisition that improves shallow-to-deep sensitivity,and diversified deployment platforms spanning ground,mobile/towed,airborne,and coastal/marine configurations,with emerging UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle)options for constrained access.We emphasize the electrical and geochemical basis of hydrocarbon-related signatures,showing why fresh releases may appear resistive through NAPL(Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid)displacement of conductive pore water,whereas aged contamination often produces conductive responses driven by biodegradation,redox evolution,and elevated ionic strength.Because these responses are non-unique and can be confounded by clay-rich lithology,salinity gradients,temperature variability,and cultural infrastructure,contemporary interpretation has shifted toward process-consistent conceptual site models and uncertainty-aware products that communicate depth of investigation and resolution limits.A thematic synthesis of field applications indicates TEM is most reliable for mapping hydrogeological architecture,delineating plausible plume corridors,prioritizing intrusive sampling,and supporting monitoring where repeatability and background variability are controlled.The review concludes that TEM delivers the greatest decision value when integrated in a weight-of-evidence framework with hydrogeology,geochemistry,and targeted ground truth,and it highlights future needs in standardized reporting,robust time-lapse appraisal,and stronger petrophysical links to hydrocarbon transformation.
文摘Oil palm fiber is a natural fiber derived from agricultural biomass and has gained significant attention as an alternative reinforcement material in composite materials due to its abundance,renewability,and environmental benefits.This review explores the various enhancement techniques applied to oil palm fiber to improve its properties for composite material development.Key areas of focus include chemical treatments,physical modifications,and hybridization with other fibers to improve fiber-matrix bonding,mechanical strength,and thermal stability.Integration of nanomaterials and bio-based resins to enhance the performance and sustainability of oil palm fiber composites is also discussed.Applications in industries such as automotive,construction,packaging,and consumer goods highlighted the potential for these composites to replace traditional,non-renewable materials.Challenges such as fiber variability,production scalability,and market adoption were examined,along with future directions in advancing oil palm fiber-based composites.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF1103804)the Academic Research Projects of Beijing Union University(ZK20202516).
文摘Krill oil is effective in reducing blood lipid levels,particularly in individuals with severe hyperlipidemia.However,poor water insolubility and stability limited its usage.This study investigated a method for encapsulating Antarctic krill oil using alginate(ALG)and gelatin(GLN)to enhance its stability and bioactivity.The encapsulation efficiency,functional group integrity,swelling rate,and lipid-lowering activity were assessed.Results indicated that the optimal encapsulation conditions were identified with an ALG:GLN ratio of 2:1(m/m),coagulation bath of 9%CaCl_(2),and a nozzle size of 750μm,resulting in 69.34%encapsulation efficiency.Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed successful encapsulation.The ALG-GLN shell materials enriched astaxanthin in krill oil and protected it from harsh gastric conditions,enabling targeted intestinal release.In a high-fat diet-induced rat model,krill oil microcapsules significantly reduced triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol(TC),and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C)levels while increasing high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C)levels compared to unencapsulated krill oil.Additionally,the microcapsules elevated nitric oxide(NO)levels,enhanced superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity,and reduced malondialdehyde(MDA)levels,liver and perirenal fat weight.Therefore,encapsulating Antarctic krill oil in alginate-gelatin hydrogel offers a promising strategy for managing hyperlipidemia and associated metabolic disorders.
基金jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42474156)the Technical Service Project of China Oilfield Services Limited(YJB23YF001)。
文摘The Liushagang Formation in the Weixinan Depression,Beibu Gulf Basin,southern China,is one of the key stratigraphic units for offshore shale oil exploration in the country.The shale oil reservoirs in the formation are characterized by low porosity,low permeability and strong heterogeneity,which constrain the precise evaluation of reservoir properties,the accurate prediction of sweet spots,and efficient development.This study integrates core observation,mineralogical analysis,and multi-scale pore characterization to systematically clarify the variations in reservoir properties and their controlling mechanisms.The results show that the physical properties of matrix-type,lamina-type,and interlayer-type reservoirs exhibit distinct stepwise variations:Among these,interlayer-type reservoirs show the greatest development potential(quartz content 65%,average porosity 15%,permeability>10 mD,and mobile fluid saturation 60%),whereas matrix-type reservoirs are the least favorable(dominated by 40 nm nanoscale pores,and clay content 45%).Mineral composition,sedimentary-diagenetic processes,and fault systems collectively control reservoir property heterogeneity.Quartz-rich rigid frameworks resist compaction,resulting in a porosity increase by approximately 2% for every 10%rise in q uartz content.The transformation of clay minerals induces stratified porosity zoning within the layered reservoirs,while fault systems enhance heterogeneity through the development of fracture networks and acid-induced dissolution.This study provides theoretical support for the evaluation and development of shale oil sweet spots in the Weixinan Depression and holds practical significance for the commercial development of shale oil in China's offshore areas.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31760363)the Earmarked Fund for CARS (CARS-14-1-16)+1 种基金the Gansu Education Science and Technology Innovation Industry Support Program,China (2021CYZC-38)the Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science,Gansu Agricultural University,China (GSCS-2020-Z6)。
文摘Lodging is a major constraint limiting oil flax production efficiency in northern China.Crop lodging susceptibility is closely related to stem lignin content,and the regulatory mechanisms by which nitrogen and potassium fertilization interactively influence lignin biosynthesis in oil flax stems require further investigation.Therefore,this study aimed to enhance lodging resistance and increase grain yield in oil flax.We examined the interactive effects of different nitrogen (75,150,and 225 kg N ha^(–1)) and potassium (60 and 90 kg K_(2)O ha^(–1)) fertilizer rates on lignin metabolism,lodging resistance,and grain yield during the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons.Results indicated that nitrogen and potassium fertilizer levels and their interactions promoted lignin accumulation,improved lodging resistance,and increased grain yield.Compared to the control (CK),the75–150 kg N ha^(–1) combined with 60 kg K_(2)O ha^(–1) treatments significantly enhanced the activities of key lignin-synthesizing enzymes (tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL),phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL),cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD),and peroxidase (POD)) and upregulated the expression of 4CL1 and F5H3 genes,leading to a 29.63–43.30%increase in lignin content,improved stem bending strength and lodging resistance index,and a 23.27–32.34%increase in grain yield.Correlation analysis revealed that nitrogen and potassium fertilizers positively regulated enzyme activities and gene expression related to lignin biosynthesis,thereby facilitating lignin accumulation and enhancing stem mechanical strength and lodging resistance.Positive correlations were observed among lignin-related enzyme activities,gene expression,lodging resistance traits,and grain yield.In summary,the application of 75–150 kg N ha^(–1) in conjunction with 60 kg K_(2)O ha^(–1)promoted lignin biosynthesis and accumulation,enhanced lodging resistance,and increased grain yield in oil flax grown in the dryland farming region of central Gansu,China.Furthermore,this treatment provides a technical basis for cultivating stress-tolerant and high-yield oil flax in arid regions.
文摘Oil and gas resources serve as the driving force for economic and social development.This rapid development of science and technology has accelerated the exploration,development,and utilization of oil and gas resources,and thus led to spurts in related research.However,the research trends in global oil and gas exploration vary with the progress of science and technology as well as social demands.Accordingly,they are not easily captured.This study explores the research trends in global oil and gas exploration through the bibliometric analysis of 3460 articles on oil and gas exploration collected from the Web of Science database and published from 2013 to 2023.The research hotspots,objects,regional distribution,methods,and evaluation methods in oil and gas exploration are analyzed,and the direction of development of oil and gas exploration is presented on this basis.The research characteristics of four major countries or regions related to oil and gas exploration were further investigated and compared.The results show that the number of publications on oil and gas exploration research has been continuously increasing in the past decade,with China ranking the top in terms of publications.Given the continuously evolving global energy demand,exploration of unconventional oil and gas,application of digital technology,deep and emerging regional resource exploration,and environmentally friendly and low-carbon source exploration will be future research hotspots.
基金funded by the Henan Provincial Natural Science Foundation(grant no.242300421257).
文摘Accurate forecasting of crude oil futures prices is crucial for understanding global energy market dynamics and formulating effective macroeconomic and energy strategies.However,the strong nonlinearity and multi-scale temporal characteristics of crude oil prices pose significant challenges to traditional forecasting methods.To address these issues,this study proposes a hybrid CEEMDAN–HOA–Transformer–GRU model that integrates decomposition,complexity analysis,adaptive modeling,and intelligent optimization.Specifically,Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise(CEEMDAN)is employed to decompose the original series into multi-scale components,after which entropy-based complexity analysis quantitatively evaluates each component.A differentiated modeling strategy is then applied:Transformer networks capture long-term dependencies in high-complexity components,while Gated Recurrent Units(GRU)model short-term dynamics in relatively simple components.To further enhance robustness,the Hiking Optimization Algorithm(HOA)is used for joint hyperparameter optimization across both base learners.Empirical analysis of WTI and Brent crude oil futures demonstrates the technical effectiveness of the framework.Compared with benchmark models,the proposed method reduces RMSE by 79.16% for WTI and 77.47% for Brent.Incorporating complexity analysis further decreases RMSE by 36.51%for WTI and 34.93%for Brent,confirming the superior nonlinear modeling capacity and generalization performance of the integrated framework.Overall,this study provides not only a technically reliable tool for modeling complex financial time series but also practical guidance for improving the accuracy and stability of crude oil price forecasting,thereby supporting market monitoring,risk management,and policy formulation.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42372125 and 41772092)。
文摘Previous studies have shown that the Eocene oil shale sequences in the Green River Basin contain long-period astronomical age information.The fine-scale chronological characteristics of the oil shale laminae remain largely unexplored.We selected finely laminated oil shales formed in deep-water environments characterized by stable water column stratification as the primary focus of this study,using microscopy and micro-area X-ray fluorescence(μ-XRF)techniques.By integrating high-resolution elemental data with timeseries analysis,we identified significant periodic signals associated with solar activity(Hale and Schwabe cycles)and ENSO.The results indicate that the alternations of light and dark laminae in the Green River Formation oil shale correspond to alternating dry and wet climate regimes:the light laminae are dominated by carbonate minerals,reflecting drier and milder conditions,while the dark laminae are enriched in terrigenous clastics and organic matter,indicating periods of increased precipitation and warmer temperatures.The detected periodicities(23.5 years,13.3 years and 5.8 years)are highly consistent with modern observations,demonstrating that the lower Eocene Green River oil shale effectively records short-term solar activity and climate variability.Furthermore,our findings confirm that a persistent"permanent El Niño"state did not develop under Early Eocene greenhouse conditions,providing a refined chronological framework for highresolution paleoclimate studies during greenhouse intervals.
基金funded by the Science and Technology Program of State Grid Corporation of China(5500-202356358A-2-1-ZX).
文摘Arc faults within the transformers can generate sudden pressure surges,constituting significant hazards that may precipitate oil tank explosions and severely compromise power system stability.Conventional power−frequency arc discharge experiments encounter limitations in isolating pressure wave characteristics due to persistent gas generation and arc reignition.To circumvent these challenges,an oil-immersed impulse voltage discharge platform was conceived and engineered to investigate pressure wave propagation dynamics.A pressure numerical simulation model and theoretical model of oil−solid interface reflection and refraction were subsequently established to elucidate the pressure propagation mechanism.The experimental and simulation results show that the pressure wave generated by pulsed arc discharge in oil propagates radially in the form of spherical waves.Due to the viscous loss and wave front expansion of transformer oil,the peak pressure decays exponentially with distance,with a decay coefficientβ=1.15.When pressure waves encounter metal obstacles inside transformer oil,there are two propagation paths:direct transmission through and multiple reflections through,and a mode transformation of pressure waves occurs at the oil−solid interface,mainly propagating through obstacles in the form of transverse waves.This work quantitatively delineates the energy pressure wave coupling,propagation dynamics,and attenuation mechanisms,providing critical insights for assessing and mitigating arc fault-induced transformer explosion risks.
