1 GeneralEconomic globalization is resulting inrapid development of the telecommuni-cation industry. It is now necessary formany contries to build new internationalgateway offices or expand their existing sys-tems in ...1 GeneralEconomic globalization is resulting inrapid development of the telecommuni-cation industry. It is now necessary formany contries to build new internationalgateway offices or expand their existing sys-tems in order to become interconnected with展开更多
This article describes the significance of constructing integrated gateway office offices by telecom operators in the new era,as well as the change and improvement of the function requirements of in- tegrated gateway ...This article describes the significance of constructing integrated gateway office offices by telecom operators in the new era,as well as the change and improvement of the function requirements of in- tegrated gateway office offices with the continuous development of cross-network services.It puts forward ZTE's overall solution for the inter-network interworking with regard to the construction of in- tegrated gateway office offices.展开更多
With a view to implementing the strategy of broadlybased economic and trade cooperation, facilitating the foreign economic relations and trade compaines and productive enterprises entitled to engage in import and expo...With a view to implementing the strategy of broadlybased economic and trade cooperation, facilitating the foreign economic relations and trade compaines and productive enterprises entitled to engage in import and export trade so as to develop their diversified market, and expanding the presence of China’s commodities on the international market, Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation (MOFTEC) has recently laid down new regulations on examining and approving the establishment of trading companies and representative offices outside the country (excluding Taiwan, HongKong and Macao). 1. The qualifications of the enterprises intending to apply for the establishment of overseas trading companies and representative offices: 1)With regard to foreign eco-展开更多
With the adoption of the policy of reform and opening to the outside world, more and more foreign enterprises (including overseas Chinese, Hongkong and Macao ones) wish to establish permanent representative offices in...With the adoption of the policy of reform and opening to the outside world, more and more foreign enterprises (including overseas Chinese, Hongkong and Macao ones) wish to establish permanent representative offices in China. In order to help foreign businessmen understand the rules and regulations and the procedures relating to the establishment of展开更多
The subdistrict office is the most grass-roots government organization, and is also the main unit providing services for the masses at the grass-roots level. In order to ensure the work efficiency of the subdistrict o...The subdistrict office is the most grass-roots government organization, and is also the main unit providing services for the masses at the grass-roots level. In order to ensure the work efficiency of the subdistrict office, it is necessary to strengthen the modernization of the subdistrict office. However, due to the influence of traditional management concepts for a long time, the street offices in many areas of our country still adopt traditional management methods when carrying out human resources management, which is difficult to motivate the staff. If this situation cannot be changed in time, it will affect the service efficiency of the street offices and the grassroots will be full of complaints, which will not only affect the image of the national government agencies, but also affect the stability of the street residents.展开更多
Doing business in China, while lucrative, can be a minefield to the uninitiated. This regular column by Deloitte will provide specific information to give businesspeople the tools they need to facilitate this process.
The pollution status and characteristics of PAEs（phthalate esters） were investigated in indoor air of offices, and PAEs of both gas-phase and particulate-phase were detected in all the samples. The concentration（su...The pollution status and characteristics of PAEs（phthalate esters） were investigated in indoor air of offices, and PAEs of both gas-phase and particulate-phase were detected in all the samples. The concentration（sum of the gas phase and the particulate phase） was4748.24 ng/m3, ranging between 3070.09 and 6700.14 ng/m3. Diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, and di（2-ethylhexyl） phthalate were the most abundant compounds, together accounting for 70% of the ∑ 6PAEs. Dividing the particulate-phase PAEs into four size ranges（〈 2.5, 2.5–5, 5–10, 〉 10 μm）, the result indicated that PAEs in PM2.5were the most abundant,with the proportion of 72.64%. In addition, the PAE concentration in PM2.5correlated significantly with the total particulate-phase PAEs（R2= 0.85）. Thus, the amount of PAEs in PM2.5can be estimated from the total amount of particulate-phase PAEs using this proportion. In a comparison between the offices and a newly decorated study room, it was found that pollution characteristics were similar between these two places. Thus, it is implied that the PAE concentration decreased by 50% 2 yr after decorating.展开更多
A large-scale field survey to measure indoor environmental parameters such as air temperature,air velocity and relative humidity was conducted in Chongqing,P. R. China,a city in a hot summer and cold winter zone. Subj...A large-scale field survey to measure indoor environmental parameters such as air temperature,air velocity and relative humidity was conducted in Chongqing,P. R. China,a city in a hot summer and cold winter zone. Subjective questionnaires and the ASHRAE seven-point thermal sensation scale were used to evaluate thermal,humidity and velocity sensations. Probability methods were employed to calculate the preferred temperatures. The results show that the preferred temperatures are 25.1 ℃ in summer and 21.1 ℃ in winter,respectively. Based on a comparison of the difference between neutral and preferred temperatures,it is proposed that human temperature sensitivity influences preferred temperature.展开更多
The role that occupants have on energy consumption and performance of buildings is known,but still requires a great deal of research.In this paper,the most common techniques to detect occupancy and occupant behavior i...The role that occupants have on energy consumption and performance of buildings is known,but still requires a great deal of research.In this paper,the most common techniques to detect occupancy and occupant behavior in buildings are categorized with their advantages and disadvantages.Being the buildings characterized by different energy usage,the presentation of the studies that applied surveys and monitoring campaigns is conducted with differentiation between residential and office buildings.展开更多
The International Women’s Day,which takes place on March 8 every year,was celebrated in conjunction with C hina’s Two Sessions this year,with warm greetings and best wishes dedicated to women across the world.Female...The International Women’s Day,which takes place on March 8 every year,was celebrated in conjunction with C hina’s Two Sessions this year,with warm greetings and best wishes dedicated to women across the world.Female diplomats working at Overseas China Cultural Centers and China National Tourist Offices,among others,represent a force to be reckoned with,shining at the forefront of cultural diplomacy.展开更多
Occupant Behaviour(OB)has been identified as one of the most influential factors that impact workplace space usage.In addition,it proven to be one of the key reasons for discrepancies between predicted and measured en...Occupant Behaviour(OB)has been identified as one of the most influential factors that impact workplace space usage.In addition,it proven to be one of the key reasons for discrepancies between predicted and measured energy consumption of office buildings.The current interdisciplinary understanding of OB is hardly conducive to an exhaustive conclusion,with many premises and veiled explanations made during the research,design,and management process.This paper aims to review the existing literature that focuses on energy-related workplace OB from Social and Behavioural science and from Engineering science for two reasons.Firstly,to identify the theory,connotation,and application of occupant behaviour in both fields.Secondly,to identify the type of behaviour,triggers of behaviour,and theoretical support for defining the term“Sustainable Occupant Behaviour in Offices(SOBO)”.This review used the PRISMA approach with the addition of snowball papers.The demonstrated results cover three main findings:1.The four types of OB relevant in workplaces are occupancy,adaptive behaviour,non-adaptive behaviour,and personal adaptive behaviour.2.Building,environmental,contextual,and personal factors were the four types of influential factors for SOBO.3.Current theoretical frameworks for SOBO are mainly based on the Theory of planned behaviour(TPB),the norm-activation model(NAM)and/or the motivation,opportunity and ability(MOA)model.Findings are important for knowledge exchange and synergy processes between both disciplines in future studies.展开更多
Journal Customer services For ordering information,claims and any enquiry concerning your journal subscription please go to contact your nearest office.America:Tel:(401)515-4764 Europe,Middle East,Africa and Asia Paci...Journal Customer services For ordering information,claims and any enquiry concerning your journal subscription please go to contact your nearest office.America:Tel:(401)515-4764 Europe,Middle East,Africa and Asia Pacific:Email:asiaar@163.com;523404392@qq.com;434421224@qq.com Tel:+86-551-65148112 Annual subscription rate(12 issues):US$300.展开更多
Time flows with no stop,and seasons change in swift succession.As we bid farewell to 2025 and welcome the Spring Festival of 2026,the Editorial Office of Petroleum Exploration and Development extends our most heartfel...Time flows with no stop,and seasons change in swift succession.As we bid farewell to 2025 and welcome the Spring Festival of 2026,the Editorial Office of Petroleum Exploration and Development extends our most heartfelt gratitude and sincerest New Year wishes to our editorial board members,experts,authors,readers,and friends from all sectors.展开更多
The year 2025 marks the 120th anniversary of the birth of Chinese filmmaking.From the first film Dingjun Mountain released in 1905,which captured scenes from Peking opera,to the present day where artificial intelligen...The year 2025 marks the 120th anniversary of the birth of Chinese filmmaking.From the first film Dingjun Mountain released in 1905,which captured scenes from Peking opera,to the present day where artificial intelligence(AI)is utilised in film production,the Chinese film industry has been developing for over a century.Data from the China Film Administration shows that China’s 2025 box o"ce revenue topped 51.8 billion yuan($7.4 billion),realising a year-on-year increase of nearly 22 percent.展开更多
The representative office (RO) is the least dynamic of the entities for establishing a foreign presence in China. The RO can facilitate market entry and coordinate sourcing activities and marketing, but it is a toothl...The representative office (RO) is the least dynamic of the entities for establishing a foreign presence in China. The RO can facilitate market entry and coordinate sourcing activities and marketing, but it is a toothless version of the possible foreign entities that have little control over the movement and sale of goods and services. ROs are展开更多
文摘1 GeneralEconomic globalization is resulting inrapid development of the telecommuni-cation industry. It is now necessary formany contries to build new internationalgateway offices or expand their existing sys-tems in order to become interconnected with
文摘This article describes the significance of constructing integrated gateway office offices by telecom operators in the new era,as well as the change and improvement of the function requirements of in- tegrated gateway office offices with the continuous development of cross-network services.It puts forward ZTE's overall solution for the inter-network interworking with regard to the construction of in- tegrated gateway office offices.
文摘With a view to implementing the strategy of broadlybased economic and trade cooperation, facilitating the foreign economic relations and trade compaines and productive enterprises entitled to engage in import and export trade so as to develop their diversified market, and expanding the presence of China’s commodities on the international market, Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation (MOFTEC) has recently laid down new regulations on examining and approving the establishment of trading companies and representative offices outside the country (excluding Taiwan, HongKong and Macao). 1. The qualifications of the enterprises intending to apply for the establishment of overseas trading companies and representative offices: 1)With regard to foreign eco-
文摘With the adoption of the policy of reform and opening to the outside world, more and more foreign enterprises (including overseas Chinese, Hongkong and Macao ones) wish to establish permanent representative offices in China. In order to help foreign businessmen understand the rules and regulations and the procedures relating to the establishment of
文摘The subdistrict office is the most grass-roots government organization, and is also the main unit providing services for the masses at the grass-roots level. In order to ensure the work efficiency of the subdistrict office, it is necessary to strengthen the modernization of the subdistrict office. However, due to the influence of traditional management concepts for a long time, the street offices in many areas of our country still adopt traditional management methods when carrying out human resources management, which is difficult to motivate the staff. If this situation cannot be changed in time, it will affect the service efficiency of the street offices and the grassroots will be full of complaints, which will not only affect the image of the national government agencies, but also affect the stability of the street residents.
文摘Doing business in China, while lucrative, can be a minefield to the uninitiated. This regular column by Deloitte will provide specific information to give businesspeople the tools they need to facilitate this process.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20977075)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863) (Nos. 2010AA064901, 2010AA064902)
文摘The pollution status and characteristics of PAEs（phthalate esters） were investigated in indoor air of offices, and PAEs of both gas-phase and particulate-phase were detected in all the samples. The concentration（sum of the gas phase and the particulate phase） was4748.24 ng/m3, ranging between 3070.09 and 6700.14 ng/m3. Diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, and di（2-ethylhexyl） phthalate were the most abundant compounds, together accounting for 70% of the ∑ 6PAEs. Dividing the particulate-phase PAEs into four size ranges（〈 2.5, 2.5–5, 5–10, 〉 10 μm）, the result indicated that PAEs in PM2.5were the most abundant,with the proportion of 72.64%. In addition, the PAE concentration in PM2.5correlated significantly with the total particulate-phase PAEs（R2= 0.85）. Thus, the amount of PAEs in PM2.5can be estimated from the total amount of particulate-phase PAEs using this proportion. In a comparison between the offices and a newly decorated study room, it was found that pollution characteristics were similar between these two places. Thus, it is implied that the PAE concentration decreased by 50% 2 yr after decorating.
基金Projects(50838009, 50678179) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(2006BAJ02A09, 2006BAJ02A13-4) supported by the National Key Technologies R & D Program of China
文摘A large-scale field survey to measure indoor environmental parameters such as air temperature,air velocity and relative humidity was conducted in Chongqing,P. R. China,a city in a hot summer and cold winter zone. Subjective questionnaires and the ASHRAE seven-point thermal sensation scale were used to evaluate thermal,humidity and velocity sensations. Probability methods were employed to calculate the preferred temperatures. The results show that the preferred temperatures are 25.1 ℃ in summer and 21.1 ℃ in winter,respectively. Based on a comparison of the difference between neutral and preferred temperatures,it is proposed that human temperature sensitivity influences preferred temperature.
文摘The role that occupants have on energy consumption and performance of buildings is known,but still requires a great deal of research.In this paper,the most common techniques to detect occupancy and occupant behavior in buildings are categorized with their advantages and disadvantages.Being the buildings characterized by different energy usage,the presentation of the studies that applied surveys and monitoring campaigns is conducted with differentiation between residential and office buildings.
文摘The International Women’s Day,which takes place on March 8 every year,was celebrated in conjunction with C hina’s Two Sessions this year,with warm greetings and best wishes dedicated to women across the world.Female diplomats working at Overseas China Cultural Centers and China National Tourist Offices,among others,represent a force to be reckoned with,shining at the forefront of cultural diplomacy.
文摘Occupant Behaviour(OB)has been identified as one of the most influential factors that impact workplace space usage.In addition,it proven to be one of the key reasons for discrepancies between predicted and measured energy consumption of office buildings.The current interdisciplinary understanding of OB is hardly conducive to an exhaustive conclusion,with many premises and veiled explanations made during the research,design,and management process.This paper aims to review the existing literature that focuses on energy-related workplace OB from Social and Behavioural science and from Engineering science for two reasons.Firstly,to identify the theory,connotation,and application of occupant behaviour in both fields.Secondly,to identify the type of behaviour,triggers of behaviour,and theoretical support for defining the term“Sustainable Occupant Behaviour in Offices(SOBO)”.This review used the PRISMA approach with the addition of snowball papers.The demonstrated results cover three main findings:1.The four types of OB relevant in workplaces are occupancy,adaptive behaviour,non-adaptive behaviour,and personal adaptive behaviour.2.Building,environmental,contextual,and personal factors were the four types of influential factors for SOBO.3.Current theoretical frameworks for SOBO are mainly based on the Theory of planned behaviour(TPB),the norm-activation model(NAM)and/or the motivation,opportunity and ability(MOA)model.Findings are important for knowledge exchange and synergy processes between both disciplines in future studies.
文摘Journal Customer services For ordering information,claims and any enquiry concerning your journal subscription please go to contact your nearest office.America:Tel:(401)515-4764 Europe,Middle East,Africa and Asia Pacific:Email:asiaar@163.com;523404392@qq.com;434421224@qq.com Tel:+86-551-65148112 Annual subscription rate(12 issues):US$300.
文摘Time flows with no stop,and seasons change in swift succession.As we bid farewell to 2025 and welcome the Spring Festival of 2026,the Editorial Office of Petroleum Exploration and Development extends our most heartfelt gratitude and sincerest New Year wishes to our editorial board members,experts,authors,readers,and friends from all sectors.
文摘The year 2025 marks the 120th anniversary of the birth of Chinese filmmaking.From the first film Dingjun Mountain released in 1905,which captured scenes from Peking opera,to the present day where artificial intelligence(AI)is utilised in film production,the Chinese film industry has been developing for over a century.Data from the China Film Administration shows that China’s 2025 box o"ce revenue topped 51.8 billion yuan($7.4 billion),realising a year-on-year increase of nearly 22 percent.
文摘The representative office (RO) is the least dynamic of the entities for establishing a foreign presence in China. The RO can facilitate market entry and coordinate sourcing activities and marketing, but it is a toothless version of the possible foreign entities that have little control over the movement and sale of goods and services. ROs are
