Background Obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD)is considered a very debilitating disorder with severe loss of quality of life and income.Aims This study estimates the quality of life and economic consequences of OCD in ...Background Obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD)is considered a very debilitating disorder with severe loss of quality of life and income.Aims This study estimates the quality of life and economic consequences of OCD in China.Methods The research team interviewed 639 patients with OCD in 13 hospitals in 12 cities in China.The direct method was used to get the direct cost of OCD.Indirect costs associated with OCD were estimated using the human capital approach.Linear regression analysis was conducted for quality of life and generalised linear model analysis was conducted for total cost.Sensitivity analysis was used to analyse the uncertainty of total cost.Results The mean quality of life score for OCD was 52.78(20.46).The annual total cost of OCD per capita was 24503.78(95%CI:22621.53 to 26386.03)renminbi(RMB)(US$3465.88(95%CI:US$3199.65 to US$3732.11)).The annual cost of OCD in China was estimated to be 37.74 billion(95%CI:34.95 billion to 40.53 billion)RMB(equal to US$5.34 billion(95%CI:US$4.94 billion to US$5.73 billion)).Sensitivity analysis showed that the total annual cost of OCD in China was between 23.15 billion RMB(US$3.27 billion)and 370.00 billion RMB(US$52.33 billion).Worse social function status,more psychiatric symptoms and higher Yale Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale(Y-BOCS)score were associated with worse quality of life.The numbers of clinic visits and hospitalisations,socioeconomic status,education,Y-BOCS scores and age were found to be significantly associated with total cost.Conclusions OCD is associated with low quality of life and high costs in China.The findings call for concerted efforts to improve services for patients with OCD.Improvements may include early detection and diagnosis,the provision of evidence-based treatments and relapse prevention strategies.展开更多
The aim of this study was to verify if patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) adopted self-referential and non-adherent interactive modalities, during face-to-face conversation, to a higher extent as compar...The aim of this study was to verify if patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) adopted self-referential and non-adherent interactive modalities, during face-to-face conversation, to a higher extent as compared with subjects who did not have a diagnosis of OCD. For this purpose, four subjects with OCD and four age, sex and education matched Normal Controls (NC) underwent a semi-structured interview. The video-taped records have been evaluated and coded by means of the Initiative-Response Analysis system (I-R). The interview allowed us to obtain indexes of interactive strategies, namely, convergence, divergence and maintenance, which have been interpreted in the Communication Accommodation Theory (CAT) framework. Subjects with OCD, as compared with both NC and interviewers, mainly used Maintenance strategy, indicating a non-adherence to turns and an over-reliance on their own turns, thus neglecting the partners’ contribution. This kind of strategy exclusively correlated with the scores of the Y-BOCS compulsion subscale. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that communication in subjects with OCD relies on particular strategies and support the view that communication is strongly correlated with “personological” variables. This hypothesis may be incorporated (not being incompatible with) in the CAT framework.展开更多
It has been ten years since the fourth edition of the Oxford Classical Dictionary(OCD)was published.There are five contributors to the Cicero entry(pp.1514-1519):J.P.V.D.Balsdon,M.T.Griffin(both for the"Life"...It has been ten years since the fourth edition of the Oxford Classical Dictionary(OCD)was published.There are five contributors to the Cicero entry(pp.1514-1519):J.P.V.D.Balsdon,M.T.Griffin(both for the"Life"part);J.G.F.Powell(sections"Speeches,""Works on rhetoric,""Poem,"and "Letters,"in the "Works"part);J.H.Simon and D.Obbink("Philosophica"section in the "Works"part).Although the first four scholars,especially Professor Griffin and Professor Powell,are among those to whom all earnest readers of Cicero nowadays are certainly grateful and would like to show respect,it seems to me that they did not provide as perfect contributions as Cicero himself might have wished for.As for Obbink,he is more an expert on the Stoic Philodemus and papyrology than on Cicero the philosopher.The following remarks will provide some corrigenda to their OCD entry.展开更多
The paper introduces the"Founder Mode Entrepreneurial Experience"(FMEE),a novel therapeutic framework rooted in transpersonal psychology that reimagines entrepreneurial engagement as exposure therapy for ind...The paper introduces the"Founder Mode Entrepreneurial Experience"(FMEE),a novel therapeutic framework rooted in transpersonal psychology that reimagines entrepreneurial engagement as exposure therapy for individuals with Moral Scrupulosity Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder(OCD).FMEE emphasizes confronting ethical dilemmas,embracing imperfection,and navigating moral ambiguities through mission-driven entrepreneurial activities.This approach not only facilitates desensitization to scrupulosity-related triggers but also fosters resilience,self-efficacy,and a purpose-driven mindset.Integrating transpersonal practices such as mindfulness,altruism,and intuitive decision-making,FMEE bridges personal healing with meaningful social impact.The manuscript underscores FMEE's transformative potential as a practical and spiritually grounded intervention for reducing moral rigidity and fostering holistic well-being.Implications for OCD therapy,transpersonal psychology,and social entrepreneurship are discussed,along with future research directions at the intersection of psychology and missiondriven innovation.展开更多
The impact of early life stress on neurobiological vulnerability to obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD)is a major focus of psychiatric research.Individuals with OCD frequently report that psychosocial stress exacerbate...The impact of early life stress on neurobiological vulnerability to obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD)is a major focus of psychiatric research.Individuals with OCD frequently report that psychosocial stress exacerbates their symptoms,with many attributing the onset of symptoms to stressful life events.However,the exact pathophysiological relationship between stress and OCD is not well understood.Stress has been shown in preclinical studies to have significant effects on cortico-striatal and limbic circuitry,including neuronal atrophy in the frontal cortices,dorsomedial striatum,and hippocampus,as well as neuronal hypertrophy in the dorsolateral striatum and amygdala.These neurobiological effects may contribute to an imbalance between goal-directed and habitual behaviour,which is associated with OCD symptoms.Furthermore,genetic and environmental factors,including early life stress,play an essential role in the advancement of OCD.Understanding gene-environment interactions and pathogenic mechanisms is critical to advancing precision medicine and improving treatment outcomes for OCD and related disorders.This review emphasises the need for additional research into how early life stress interacts with genetic factors to cause the behavioural,cellular,and molecular changes seen in OCD.Integrating global mental health and translational neuroscience approaches shows potential for enhancing our understanding and treatment of OCD and related disorders.展开更多
基金This research was supported by grants from the Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(SMHC)(2019ZB0201)Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Mental Health(19MC1911100)SMHC Clinical Research Center(CRC2018ZD03).
文摘Background Obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD)is considered a very debilitating disorder with severe loss of quality of life and income.Aims This study estimates the quality of life and economic consequences of OCD in China.Methods The research team interviewed 639 patients with OCD in 13 hospitals in 12 cities in China.The direct method was used to get the direct cost of OCD.Indirect costs associated with OCD were estimated using the human capital approach.Linear regression analysis was conducted for quality of life and generalised linear model analysis was conducted for total cost.Sensitivity analysis was used to analyse the uncertainty of total cost.Results The mean quality of life score for OCD was 52.78(20.46).The annual total cost of OCD per capita was 24503.78(95%CI:22621.53 to 26386.03)renminbi(RMB)(US$3465.88(95%CI:US$3199.65 to US$3732.11)).The annual cost of OCD in China was estimated to be 37.74 billion(95%CI:34.95 billion to 40.53 billion)RMB(equal to US$5.34 billion(95%CI:US$4.94 billion to US$5.73 billion)).Sensitivity analysis showed that the total annual cost of OCD in China was between 23.15 billion RMB(US$3.27 billion)and 370.00 billion RMB(US$52.33 billion).Worse social function status,more psychiatric symptoms and higher Yale Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale(Y-BOCS)score were associated with worse quality of life.The numbers of clinic visits and hospitalisations,socioeconomic status,education,Y-BOCS scores and age were found to be significantly associated with total cost.Conclusions OCD is associated with low quality of life and high costs in China.The findings call for concerted efforts to improve services for patients with OCD.Improvements may include early detection and diagnosis,the provision of evidence-based treatments and relapse prevention strategies.
文摘The aim of this study was to verify if patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) adopted self-referential and non-adherent interactive modalities, during face-to-face conversation, to a higher extent as compared with subjects who did not have a diagnosis of OCD. For this purpose, four subjects with OCD and four age, sex and education matched Normal Controls (NC) underwent a semi-structured interview. The video-taped records have been evaluated and coded by means of the Initiative-Response Analysis system (I-R). The interview allowed us to obtain indexes of interactive strategies, namely, convergence, divergence and maintenance, which have been interpreted in the Communication Accommodation Theory (CAT) framework. Subjects with OCD, as compared with both NC and interviewers, mainly used Maintenance strategy, indicating a non-adherence to turns and an over-reliance on their own turns, thus neglecting the partners’ contribution. This kind of strategy exclusively correlated with the scores of the Y-BOCS compulsion subscale. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that communication in subjects with OCD relies on particular strategies and support the view that communication is strongly correlated with “personological” variables. This hypothesis may be incorporated (not being incompatible with) in the CAT framework.
文摘It has been ten years since the fourth edition of the Oxford Classical Dictionary(OCD)was published.There are five contributors to the Cicero entry(pp.1514-1519):J.P.V.D.Balsdon,M.T.Griffin(both for the"Life"part);J.G.F.Powell(sections"Speeches,""Works on rhetoric,""Poem,"and "Letters,"in the "Works"part);J.H.Simon and D.Obbink("Philosophica"section in the "Works"part).Although the first four scholars,especially Professor Griffin and Professor Powell,are among those to whom all earnest readers of Cicero nowadays are certainly grateful and would like to show respect,it seems to me that they did not provide as perfect contributions as Cicero himself might have wished for.As for Obbink,he is more an expert on the Stoic Philodemus and papyrology than on Cicero the philosopher.The following remarks will provide some corrigenda to their OCD entry.
文摘The paper introduces the"Founder Mode Entrepreneurial Experience"(FMEE),a novel therapeutic framework rooted in transpersonal psychology that reimagines entrepreneurial engagement as exposure therapy for individuals with Moral Scrupulosity Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder(OCD).FMEE emphasizes confronting ethical dilemmas,embracing imperfection,and navigating moral ambiguities through mission-driven entrepreneurial activities.This approach not only facilitates desensitization to scrupulosity-related triggers but also fosters resilience,self-efficacy,and a purpose-driven mindset.Integrating transpersonal practices such as mindfulness,altruism,and intuitive decision-making,FMEE bridges personal healing with meaningful social impact.The manuscript underscores FMEE's transformative potential as a practical and spiritually grounded intervention for reducing moral rigidity and fostering holistic well-being.Implications for OCD therapy,transpersonal psychology,and social entrepreneurship are discussed,along with future research directions at the intersection of psychology and missiondriven innovation.
文摘The impact of early life stress on neurobiological vulnerability to obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD)is a major focus of psychiatric research.Individuals with OCD frequently report that psychosocial stress exacerbates their symptoms,with many attributing the onset of symptoms to stressful life events.However,the exact pathophysiological relationship between stress and OCD is not well understood.Stress has been shown in preclinical studies to have significant effects on cortico-striatal and limbic circuitry,including neuronal atrophy in the frontal cortices,dorsomedial striatum,and hippocampus,as well as neuronal hypertrophy in the dorsolateral striatum and amygdala.These neurobiological effects may contribute to an imbalance between goal-directed and habitual behaviour,which is associated with OCD symptoms.Furthermore,genetic and environmental factors,including early life stress,play an essential role in the advancement of OCD.Understanding gene-environment interactions and pathogenic mechanisms is critical to advancing precision medicine and improving treatment outcomes for OCD and related disorders.This review emphasises the need for additional research into how early life stress interacts with genetic factors to cause the behavioural,cellular,and molecular changes seen in OCD.Integrating global mental health and translational neuroscience approaches shows potential for enhancing our understanding and treatment of OCD and related disorders.
