There has been no precise information regarding occupants’ status and their portion in traffic accident. By using traffic police information, epidemiological pattern of road traffic injuries among occupants’ vehicle...There has been no precise information regarding occupants’ status and their portion in traffic accident. By using traffic police information, epidemiological pattern of road traffic injuries among occupants’ vehicles was analyzed in 2012. It was a cross sectional study. In this study, traffic police registered data in 2012 were used. Subjects were all occupants who had accident record in 2012 (81585: 77841 injured and 3744 death). Before analyzing, various preparatory steps including data control and merging were done after which data were processed. Findings showed that the mean age of the studied population was 28.7 ± 15.11 years. The highest percentage of accident occurred among car and motorcycle occupants respectively. The risk of death among the injured aged 30 - 59 years and 60+ were 1.20 and 2.23 times more than 30 years (as reference) respectively (p < 0.001). Risk of death among the injured in high ways, main roads and rural roads was 2.84 times more than in urban roads (p < 0.001). The risk of death among the injured was 2 times higher in high ways, main roads and rural secondary roads than streets (p < 0.001). Hence car and motorcycle occupants need urgent attention especially in motorways and high ways, main roads and rural secondary.展开更多
Overpopulation globally is an addressed issue impacting human lives, marine lives, and the surrounding ecosystem;it is adding pressure on the available resources that should be optimized to suit the needs. Yet with im...Overpopulation globally is an addressed issue impacting human lives, marine lives, and the surrounding ecosystem;it is adding pressure on the available resources that should be optimized to suit the needs. Yet with improper management of resources and monitoring of daily activities, the environment will be further negatively impacted. With overpopulation higher urbanization rates are noticed with the demand of seeking better health facilities, better education, better jobs and better well-being;this progression is driving more demand into the infrastructure sector to be able to accommodate the growth rates. Hence, the need to having sustainable communities aiming at optimizing the resources used, working towards more feasible, environmentally friendly and cost-effective communities with a better occupant’s experience is in action. Sustainable development goals (SDG) are vital goals developed by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) in 2015 to address and guide through 17 interconnected global goals serving the previously mentioned trend. Out of the 17 goals, Sustainable Cities and Communities (goal #11) and Good Health and Well-Being (goal #3) are the focus of this paper directed towards holding a comparative analysis between the community scale commonly known and mostly used rating system Leadership of Energy and Environmental Design (LEED-Cities and Communities) (USA) versus similar rating systems like Tarsheed-Communities (Egypt) and Estidama-Pearl (UAE) rating systems meeting sustainable development goal #11. Conjointly, another complimenting comparative review of the occupant’s health and wellbeing rating systems, such as Fitwel (USA) and Well (USA) are studied under sustainable development goal #3;however, they are focused on a building scale assessment. Living Community Challenge (LCC, USA) rating system linking community rating system with health & wellbeing credits was first issued in 2006, yet is it not cost effective neither easy to apply acting as a primary step while being affordable, accessible, and easy to implement. The objective of this paper is to highlight the pros and gaps under both categories of studies of community rating system and occupants’ health & wellbeing rating systems based on scientific content and commercial acceptance and do-ability. This comparison is done via comparing credits and sections within each rating system type;this will support in addressing the focal points needed for an integrated rating system between both categories that will serve in meeting SDG Sustainable Cities and Communities (goal #11) and Good Health and Well-Being (goal #3).展开更多
In the development of side-impact safety performance in automobiles,the injury conditions of far-side occupants have gradually been incorporated into the evaluation system of automotive safety in China.This study,base...In the development of side-impact safety performance in automobiles,the injury conditions of far-side occupants have gradually been incorporated into the evaluation system of automotive safety in China.This study,based on three side-impact conditions in the Chinese automotive safety assessment system,employs the finite element method to analyze the injury and motion characteristics of far-side occupants under various impact scenarios.The results indicate that in the C-NCAP 75°POLE condition,certain impact areas of the far-side dummy sustain more severe injuries.These findings provide data references for the development of safety performance measures aimed at protecting far-side occupants.展开更多
The architectural form of the façade determines its identity as well as interactions with micro-climate forces of the ambient environment,such as solar radiation.The dynamic nature of daylight and occupants’posi...The architectural form of the façade determines its identity as well as interactions with micro-climate forces of the ambient environment,such as solar radiation.The dynamic nature of daylight and occupants’positions can cause some issues such as heat gains and visual discomfort,which need to be controlled in real-time operation.Improving daylight performance and preventing visual discomfort for multiple occupants simultaneously is challenging.However,integrating the biomimicry principles of morphological adaptation with dynamic,complex fenestration,and human-in-loop systems can lead us to find an optimal solution.This research builds on relevant literature study,biomimicry morphological approaches,and parametric simulations,to develop a bio-inspired interactive kinetic façade for improving multiple occupants’visual comfort simultaneously,inspired by plant’s stomata movement and behavior principles.Learning from the transitory stage and hunting new position of stomata’s patchy patterns,leads us to identify the dynamic transitory-sensitive area of attraction point on the façade that is triggered by the dynamic sun-timing position and multiple occupants.The annual climate-based metrics and luminance-based metric simulation results of 810 bioinspired interactive kinetic façade alternatives prove that the elastic-deformable-complexkinetic form triggered by the dynamic transitory-sensitive area can improve the visual comfort of multiple occupants simultaneously.In particular,the bio-inspired interactive kinetic façade with grid division 8x1 displays extraordinary daylight performance for south direction that prevents visual discomfort by keeping cases in the imperceptible range while providing an adequate average Spatial Daylight Autonomy of 60.5%,Useful Daylight illuminance of 90.47%,and Exceed Useful Daylight illuminance of 2.94%.展开更多
Classifying job offers into occupational categories is a fundamental task in human resource information systems,as it improves and streamlines indexing,search,and matching between openings and job seekers.Comprehensiv...Classifying job offers into occupational categories is a fundamental task in human resource information systems,as it improves and streamlines indexing,search,and matching between openings and job seekers.Comprehensive occupational databases such as O∗NET or ESCO provide detailed taxonomies of interrelated positions that can be leveraged to align the textual content of postings with occupational categories,thereby facilitating standardization,cross-system interoperability,and access to metadata for each occupation(e.g.,tasks,knowledge,skills,and abilities).In this work,we explore the effectiveness of fine-tuning existing language models(LMs)to classify job offers with occupational descriptors from O∗NET.This enables a more precise assessment of candidate suitability by identifying the specific knowledge and skills required for each position,and helps automate recruitment processes by mitigating human bias and subjectivity in candidate selection.We evaluate three representative BERT-like models:BERT,RoBERTa,and DeBERTa.BERT serves as the baseline encoder-only architecture;RoBERTa incorporates advances in pretraining objectives and data scale;and DeBERTa introduces architectural improvements through disentangled attention mechanisms.The best performance was achieved with the DeBERTa model,although the other models also produced strong results,and no statistically significant differences were observed acrossmodels.We also find that these models typically reach optimal performance after only a few training epochs,and that training with smaller,balanced datasets is effective.Consequently,comparable results can be obtained with models that require fewer computational resources and less training time,facilitating deployment and practical use.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the efficacy of multidimensional protective nursing interventions in reducing occupational exposure risks to hydrofluoric acid in dental departments. Methods: The study was conducted between ...Objective: To investigate the efficacy of multidimensional protective nursing interventions in reducing occupational exposure risks to hydrofluoric acid in dental departments. Methods: The study was conducted between January 2024 and January 2025, involving 60 healthcare workers who were randomly assigned to groups. The control group (n = 30) received conventional occupational protective nursing care, while the observation group underwent multidimensional protective nursing interventions. Results: Following intervention, the observation group demonstrated significantly higher scores than the control group in knowledge of hydrofluoric acid occupational exposure, occupational exposure risk perception, and protective skill operation (p < 0.05). Emergency response capability scores and protective behavior implementation scores were also higher in the observation group (p < 0.05). Compared to the control group, the observation group exhibited higher occupational health satisfaction rates and lower occupational exposure incidence rates (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Multidimensional protective nursing interventions effectively enhance dental healthcare personnel’s awareness and protective capabilities regarding hydrofluoric acid occupational exposure, improve compliance with protective measures, and significantly reduce occupational exposure risks. This approach warrants promotion and application in occupational protective nursing interventions within dental departments.展开更多
Canopy photosynthesis,rather than leaf photosynthesis,is highly related to plant biomass and yield formation.Studying canopy photosynthesis and identifying the parameters that control it can help optimize agricultural...Canopy photosynthesis,rather than leaf photosynthesis,is highly related to plant biomass and yield formation.Studying canopy photosynthesis and identifying the parameters that control it can help optimize agricultural management and achieve crop yield potential.Compared with traditional parameters,canopy occupation volume(COV)offers an integrative parameter on canopy architecture related to canopy photosynthetic rates.In this study,we developed a high-throughput method to derive COV for different rice varieties.We first used multi-perspective two-dimensional imaging to reconstruct three-dimensional point clouds of rice plants and developed a suite of pipelines to calculate plant height,leaf number,tiller number,and biomass,with R^(2) values of 91.8%,95.9%,82.3%,and 94.3%,respectively.We further employed point cloud data to reconstruct the surfaces of rice plants and construct a virtual canopy model of the rice population.Light distribution was simulated using a ray-tracing algorithm and canopy photosynthetic rates were simulated via photosynthetic rate-incident light intensity curve fitting.Furthermore,we systematically explored the relationships between canopy phenotypes and photosynthetic rates,and found that COV was the most effective predictor of canopy photosynthesis,achieving an R^(2) value of 92.1%.Adjustment in atmospheric transmittance showed that COV strongly correlated with canopy photosynthesis under different light conditions,with higher accuracy observed under diffuse light.Variations in planting density confirmed that this correlation remained strong at the community level.In summary,this study demonstrates that COV is closely linked to simulated canopy photosynthesis and the developed pipeline can support future agronomic and breeding research.展开更多
Rhizobial inoculation in soybean is an effective strategy in sustainable agriculture to reduce chemical fertilizer application and to increase crop production.It not only provides nitrogen sources for host plants but ...Rhizobial inoculation in soybean is an effective strategy in sustainable agriculture to reduce chemical fertilizer application and to increase crop production.It not only provides nitrogen sources for host plants but also improves the rhizosphere soil environment.However,the inoculation efficiency of rhizobia remains to be improved.In this study,we investigated the nodulation efficiency of Bradyrhizobium and Sinorhizobium strains under different soil conditions and evaluated their impacts on the rhizocompartment bacterial community.We found that inoculation with Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens UASD 110 increased the number of soybean nodules in acidic soil,while Sinorhizobium fredii CCBAU 45436 was more effective in alkaline soil.However,inoculation with neither strain significantly affected nodulation in neutral soil.Then,we demonstrated that UASD 110 was more competitive in nodulation than CCBAU 45436,which was related to its higher abundance in the rhizosphere.Furthermore,we showed that while single inoculation with UASD 110 or CCBAU 45436 failed to alter the bacterial diversity,these two strains differentially influenced the rhizosphere microbial composition.Finally,we identified the main rhizosphere microorganisms that were affected by these two strains.Our findings revealed that the nodulation capacity of rhizobia and their colonization of rhizosphere and nodules are soil-type dependent,yet their impact on the rhizobacterial community exhibited consistent patterns.These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing rhizobial inoculation strategies to enhance nitrogen fixation efficiency.展开更多
The Jellium closed-shell model,a cornerstone of cluster science,has long guided the design of superatoms by dictating electron-counting rules.However,its reliance on precise control of cluster composition and electron...The Jellium closed-shell model,a cornerstone of cluster science,has long guided the design of superatoms by dictating electron-counting rules.However,its reliance on precise control of cluster composition and electron shell occupancy presents significant experimental challenges.Here,we introduce a ligation strategy that circumvents these limitations by demonstrating that the adiabatic electron affinity(AEA) of aluminum-based clusters,whether with filled or partially filled electron shells,can be dramatically enhanced through the attachment of organic Lewis acid ligands.It was evidenced that the AEA of PAl12can be significantly increased by 2.17 e V after the ligation of two ligands,indicating a remarkable improvement in its electron-accepting ability.This approach yields superhalogen species,offering a versatile and practical means to tune the electronic properties of clusters while preserving their superatomic states,independent of shell occupancy.Remarkably,this ligand-induced modulation is not confined to naked clusters but also extends to nano-confined systems,hinting at its broader applicability.Given the indispensable role of ligands in cluster synthesis,this strategy holds promise for advancing the field of condensed-phase superatom synthesis,potentially complementing traditional electron-counting rules in a broader range of applications.展开更多
Waterbird populations are declining globally due to various factors such as wetland degradation and loss,pesticide use,urbanization,and hunting.However,traditional farming practices and wetlands still provide importan...Waterbird populations are declining globally due to various factors such as wetland degradation and loss,pesticide use,urbanization,and hunting.However,traditional farming practices and wetlands still provide important habitats for the large waterbirds in South Asia,including Nepal.These habitats become especially limited during the summer season,when wetlands dry up,and most farmlands remain fallow.We investigated the occupancy and detection probabilities of four sympatric,large-bodied,threatened waterbirds(Sarus Crane Grus antigone,Lesser Adjutant Leptoptilos javanicus,Asian Openbill Anastomus oscitans,and Asian Woollyneck Ciconia episcopus)using road count survey,and their relationship with land-use variables across 93(5×5 km)grids during summer season(April-May;pre-breeding season)of 2023 in the Greater Lumbini Area of Nepal.Detection probability was highest for the Sarus Crane,while occupancy was highest for the Lesser Adjutant.In contrast,the Asian Woollyneck had the lowest occupancy and detection probability.Waterbird occupancy was highest within the Jagdishpur Reservoir/Lumbini Farmlands Important Bird and Biodiversity Area.Farmland area had a significant positive effect on the occupancy for all waterbirds except the Asian Woollyneck.Wetland and built-up areas had significant positive effects on the occupancy of Sarus Crane,but showed non-significant positive associations for other species.Such positive association with built-up areas may reflect some level of adaptation to human-dominated landscapes;however,increased urbanization could disrupt natural behaviors and elevate exposure to anthropogenic threats in future.Therefore,maintaining waterholes and irrigation networks across farmland during the summer season is imperative for safeguarding threatened waterbirds as these areas can function as critical habitats and potential buffers against the adverse impacts of expanding built-up regions.展开更多
With the increasing complexity of substation inspection tasks,achieving efficient and safe path planning for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in densely populated and structurally complex three-dimensional(3D)environments rem...With the increasing complexity of substation inspection tasks,achieving efficient and safe path planning for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in densely populated and structurally complex three-dimensional(3D)environments remains a critical challenge.To address this problem,this paper proposes an improved path planning algorithm—Random Geometric Graph(RGG)-guided Rapidly-exploring Random Tree(R-RRT)—based on the classical Rapidly-exploring Random Tree(RRT)framework.First,a refined 3D occupancy grid map is constructed from Light Detection and Ranging point cloud data through ground filtering,noise removal,coordinate transformation,and obstacle inflation using spherical structuring elements.During the planning stage,a dynamic goal-biasing strategy is introduced to adaptively adjust the sampling direction,the sampling distribution is optimized using a pre-generated RGG,and collision detection is accelerated via a K-Dimensional Tree structure.After initial trajectory generation,redundant nodes are eliminated via greedy pruning,and a curvature-minimizing gradient-based optimizationmethod is applied to smooth the trajectory.Experimental results conducted in a simulated substation environment demonstrate that,compared with mainstream path planning algorithms,the proposed R-RRT achieves superior performance in terms of path length,planning time,and trajectory smoothness.Comprehensive analysis shows that the proposed method significantly enhances trajectory quality,planning efficiency,and operational safety,validating its applicability and advantages for high-precision 3D path planning in complex substation inspection scenarios.展开更多
Occupants are the core of the built environment.Traditional heating,ventilation,and air-conditioning(HVAC)systems operate with predefined schedules and maximum occupancy assumptions with no consideration of specific o...Occupants are the core of the built environment.Traditional heating,ventilation,and air-conditioning(HVAC)systems operate with predefined schedules and maximum occupancy assumptions with no consideration of specific occupant information.These generalized assumptions usually do not align with the actual demand and result in over-conditioning and occupant discomfort.In recent years,with the aid of Information&Communication Technology(ICT)and Computer Science(CS),it is possible to acquire real-time and accurate occupant information to satisfy the exact thermal requirement through specific HVAC control in one particular built environment.This mechanism is called HVAC“Occupant-centric Control(OCC).”HVAC OCC strategy starts with collecting the occupant’s information(e.g.,presence/absence)and then applies it to meet the occupant’s requirement(e.g.,thermal comfort).However,even though some research studies and field pilot demonstrations have been devoted to the field of OCC,there is a lack of systematic knowledge about occupant data,which is the principal component of OCC for HVAC researchers and practitioners.To fill this gap,this review paper discusses OCC with a particular emphasis on occupant information and investigates how this information can assist HVAC operation in providing an acceptable built environment in required spaces during the required time.We provide a fine-grained,comprehensive picture of occupant information,discuss its features,the modalities of information feed-in into the HVAC control,and the application of commonly utilized occupant information for OCC.展开更多
Existing studies show that occupants’behavior contribute to fluctuations in energy consumption of residential units within the same building configuration.Window blinds are one of the interior design elements that th...Existing studies show that occupants’behavior contribute to fluctuations in energy consumption of residential units within the same building configuration.Window blinds are one of the interior design elements that the occupants use to control indoor environmental conditions.The way that occupants adjust their blinds could affect the energy performance of buildings.Thus,the purpose of this research was to identify spatial and temporal explanatory variables that correlate with occupants’use of the blinds and determine whether those variables relate to building design and surround-ing sites.Data were collected by observing how occupants in apartment buildings located in a multifamily residential complex adjust their blinds.Descriptive statistics were used to define the effect of floor level,window orientation,day of observation,the hour of observation,and weather conditions on the blind status.In addition,a generalized linear mixed model was used to predict the effect of floor level and window orientation on the occupants’adjustment of blinds.The results revealed that occupants’use of the blinds correlated significantly with spatial factors,such as the apartment buildings’floor level and windows’orientation.Interesting blind use patterns were related to temporal factors,such as the day and hour of observation.展开更多
Manually operated solar shades have a significant impact on indoor visual comfort.This research investigates occupants’appropriate seating position and view direction in a west-facing office cell using a previously d...Manually operated solar shades have a significant impact on indoor visual comfort.This research investigates occupants’appropriate seating position and view direction in a west-facing office cell using a previously developed shade behavior model.The non-dominant sorting genetic algorithm(NSGA-II)based Multi-objective optimization was adopted to identify the optimal and near optimal solutions.Daylight and glare index were used as two visual comfort objectives for optimization and robustness of optimization results against shade behavior uncertainty that was analyzed using statistical analysis.Results show that near optimal solutions can be used instead of the optimal one since they provide more flexibility in seating positions while maintaining almost the same visual comfort performance.And thus,the appropriate seating position considering occupants’preference is 1.5m away from the external window with two view directions near parallel to the window for west-facing office rooms.展开更多
Emergency department nurses face severe occupational stress leading to anxiety,depression,and burnout,which significantly impair their well-being and patientcare quality.This narrative review examined the role of mind...Emergency department nurses face severe occupational stress leading to anxiety,depression,and burnout,which significantly impair their well-being and patientcare quality.This narrative review examined the role of mindfulness-based stress reduction(MBSR)in addressing these challenges.Rooted in nonjudgmental present-moment awareness,MBSR enhances emotional regulation and reduces psychological distress by fostering adaptive coping strategies.Studies have demonstrated its efficacy in lowering anxiety,depressive symptoms,and emotional exhaustion,while improving workplace well-being,empathy,and job satisfaction.Mechanistically,MBSR improves interoceptive awareness and autonomic balance,as evidenced by physiological markers such as heart rate variability.However,gaps remain in long-term efficacy assessments,personalized interventions,and integration with multidisciplinary approaches.Future research should prioritize tailored biomarker-driven programs,longitudinal studies,and scalable implementation strategies in high-stress clinical settings.This review underscores MBSR’s potential as a sustainable,evidence-based tool to enhance emergency department nurses’mental health and professional performance,advocating for broader adoption and further refinement of its practical applications.展开更多
Objective:Postpartum nutrition plays a critical role in maternal recovery and long-term health.However,the nutritional status of working mothers in the postpartum period remains understudied.This study aimed to assess...Objective:Postpartum nutrition plays a critical role in maternal recovery and long-term health.However,the nutritional status of working mothers in the postpartum period remains understudied.This study aimed to assess the dietary quality of postpartum women in urban Beijing,identify occupational-related factors influencing their diet,and explore potential interventions to improve maternal nutrition during the postpartum period.Methods:In this cross-sectional analysis,554 women one year after delivery were recruited from ten community health centers.Sociodemographic,occupational and postpartum care variables were collected via questionnaire.Dietary intake over the preceding year was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire.The modified dietary balance index for postpartum women were used for dietary quality assessment.Results:The study revealed severe dietary imbalances among postpartum women,characterized by excessive consumption of cereals,eggs,and meats,while their intake of vegetables,fruits,and dairy products was inadequate.According to dietary balance index for postpartum women,66.25%of mothers showed varying degrees of excessive intake.45.31%of mothers experienced varying levels of insufficient intake,with only 19.86%of participants having a relatively balanced diet.Occupational differences were observed,with women in the commercial employment group showing higher levels of excessive food intake.The analysis of influencing factors showed that family monthly income,maternity leave,and postpartum care significantly affected the dietary quality.Conclusions:Postpartum women in Beijing experience widespread dietary imbalances,with both excesses and deficiencies.Occupational context and related factors significantly shape diet quality.These findings highlight the need for targeted nutritional interventions tailored to the specific challenges of different occupational groups.展开更多
Objective We aimed to investigate the patterns of fasting blood glucose(FBG)trajectories and analyze the relationship between various occupational hazard factors and FBG trajectories in male steelworkers.Methods The s...Objective We aimed to investigate the patterns of fasting blood glucose(FBG)trajectories and analyze the relationship between various occupational hazard factors and FBG trajectories in male steelworkers.Methods The study cohort included 3,728 workers who met the selection criteria for the Tanggang Occupational Cohort(TGOC)between 2017 and 2022.A group-based trajectory model was used to identify the FBG trajectories.Environmental risk scores(ERS)were constructed using regression coefficients from the occupational hazard model as weights.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the effects of occupational hazard factors using the ERS on FBG trajectories.Results FBG trajectories were categorized into three groups.An association was observed between high temperature,noise exposure,and FBG trajectory(P<0.05).Using the first quartile group of ERS1 as a reference,the fourth quartile group of ERS1 had an increased risk of medium and high FBG by 1.90and 2.21 times,respectively(odds ratio[OR]=1.90,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.17–3.10;OR=2.21,95%CI:1.09–4.45).Conclusion An association was observed between occupational hazards based on ERS and FBG trajectories.The risk of FBG trajectory levels increase with an increase in ERS.展开更多
Agricultural workers are among the most vulnerable groups facing occupational health risks,yet their protection remains insufficient globally.Despite employing nearly one-third of the global workforce,agriculture is o...Agricultural workers are among the most vulnerable groups facing occupational health risks,yet their protection remains insufficient globally.Despite employing nearly one-third of the global workforce,agriculture is one of the most hazardous sectors,with risks intensified by climate change and limited regulatory coverage.This commentary examines emerging challenges,research gaps,and policy directions,with a focus on international frameworks and China's recent experiences.While initiatives like Healthy China 2030 and pilot projects using international tools have advanced rural occupational health,major barriers persist,especially for precarious and informal agricultural workers.Strengthening national actions and international coordination is urgently needed.Reviving the Joint ILO/WHO Committee on Occupational Health would help bridge the gap between global commitments and local implementation.Protecting agricultural workers is essential for promoting human rights,advancing public health resilience,and achieving sustainable development goals related to health,labor,and food security.展开更多
Dentistry is a profession with a high prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs),with symptoms often appearing very early in one’s career[1].WMSDs are conditions affecting the muscles,bones,and nervo...Dentistry is a profession with a high prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs),with symptoms often appearing very early in one’s career[1].WMSDs are conditions affecting the muscles,bones,and nervous system due to occupational factors.In 2002,the International Labor Organization included musculoskeletal diseases in the International List of Occupational Diseases.China’s recently updated Classification and Catalog of Occupational Diseases has introduced two new categories of occupational illnesses,including occupational musculoskeletal disorders.WMSDs significantly impact the health and work of dentists,reducing their quality of life and causing economic losses.These disorders are multifactorial in nature,influenced by personal,psychosocial,biomechanical,and environmental factors.Dentists frequently maintain static or awkward postures during procedures,which leads to musculoskeletal strain and discomfort;additionally,long working hours contribute to psychological stress,further increasing the risk of WMSDs[2].展开更多
Objective:Through retrospective analysis of a case of occupational noise-induced hearing loss(NIHL)diagnosis and two-grade appraisal,this study explores the causes of inconsistency between diagnosis and appraisal conc...Objective:Through retrospective analysis of a case of occupational noise-induced hearing loss(NIHL)diagnosis and two-grade appraisal,this study explores the causes of inconsistency between diagnosis and appraisal conclusions,aiming to improve occupational health management.Methods:Data including occupational history,workplace noise exposure levels,pure-tone audiometry(PTA),and objective audiological tests were collected and analyzed.Results:Both municipal and provincial appraisals contradicted the initial diagnostic conclusion of“moderate occupational NIHL”.Conclusion:The diagnosis of occupational NIHL requires multidisciplinary expertise and is influenced by subjective factors.Appraisal institutions should adopt evidence-based approaches,integrate objective tests with PTA results,and comprehensively evaluate occupational exposure history to ensure scientific and impartial conclusions.展开更多
文摘There has been no precise information regarding occupants’ status and their portion in traffic accident. By using traffic police information, epidemiological pattern of road traffic injuries among occupants’ vehicles was analyzed in 2012. It was a cross sectional study. In this study, traffic police registered data in 2012 were used. Subjects were all occupants who had accident record in 2012 (81585: 77841 injured and 3744 death). Before analyzing, various preparatory steps including data control and merging were done after which data were processed. Findings showed that the mean age of the studied population was 28.7 ± 15.11 years. The highest percentage of accident occurred among car and motorcycle occupants respectively. The risk of death among the injured aged 30 - 59 years and 60+ were 1.20 and 2.23 times more than 30 years (as reference) respectively (p < 0.001). Risk of death among the injured in high ways, main roads and rural roads was 2.84 times more than in urban roads (p < 0.001). The risk of death among the injured was 2 times higher in high ways, main roads and rural secondary roads than streets (p < 0.001). Hence car and motorcycle occupants need urgent attention especially in motorways and high ways, main roads and rural secondary.
文摘Overpopulation globally is an addressed issue impacting human lives, marine lives, and the surrounding ecosystem;it is adding pressure on the available resources that should be optimized to suit the needs. Yet with improper management of resources and monitoring of daily activities, the environment will be further negatively impacted. With overpopulation higher urbanization rates are noticed with the demand of seeking better health facilities, better education, better jobs and better well-being;this progression is driving more demand into the infrastructure sector to be able to accommodate the growth rates. Hence, the need to having sustainable communities aiming at optimizing the resources used, working towards more feasible, environmentally friendly and cost-effective communities with a better occupant’s experience is in action. Sustainable development goals (SDG) are vital goals developed by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) in 2015 to address and guide through 17 interconnected global goals serving the previously mentioned trend. Out of the 17 goals, Sustainable Cities and Communities (goal #11) and Good Health and Well-Being (goal #3) are the focus of this paper directed towards holding a comparative analysis between the community scale commonly known and mostly used rating system Leadership of Energy and Environmental Design (LEED-Cities and Communities) (USA) versus similar rating systems like Tarsheed-Communities (Egypt) and Estidama-Pearl (UAE) rating systems meeting sustainable development goal #11. Conjointly, another complimenting comparative review of the occupant’s health and wellbeing rating systems, such as Fitwel (USA) and Well (USA) are studied under sustainable development goal #3;however, they are focused on a building scale assessment. Living Community Challenge (LCC, USA) rating system linking community rating system with health & wellbeing credits was first issued in 2006, yet is it not cost effective neither easy to apply acting as a primary step while being affordable, accessible, and easy to implement. The objective of this paper is to highlight the pros and gaps under both categories of studies of community rating system and occupants’ health & wellbeing rating systems based on scientific content and commercial acceptance and do-ability. This comparison is done via comparing credits and sections within each rating system type;this will support in addressing the focal points needed for an integrated rating system between both categories that will serve in meeting SDG Sustainable Cities and Communities (goal #11) and Good Health and Well-Being (goal #3).
文摘In the development of side-impact safety performance in automobiles,the injury conditions of far-side occupants have gradually been incorporated into the evaluation system of automotive safety in China.This study,based on three side-impact conditions in the Chinese automotive safety assessment system,employs the finite element method to analyze the injury and motion characteristics of far-side occupants under various impact scenarios.The results indicate that in the C-NCAP 75°POLE condition,certain impact areas of the far-side dummy sustain more severe injuries.These findings provide data references for the development of safety performance measures aimed at protecting far-side occupants.
文摘The architectural form of the façade determines its identity as well as interactions with micro-climate forces of the ambient environment,such as solar radiation.The dynamic nature of daylight and occupants’positions can cause some issues such as heat gains and visual discomfort,which need to be controlled in real-time operation.Improving daylight performance and preventing visual discomfort for multiple occupants simultaneously is challenging.However,integrating the biomimicry principles of morphological adaptation with dynamic,complex fenestration,and human-in-loop systems can lead us to find an optimal solution.This research builds on relevant literature study,biomimicry morphological approaches,and parametric simulations,to develop a bio-inspired interactive kinetic façade for improving multiple occupants’visual comfort simultaneously,inspired by plant’s stomata movement and behavior principles.Learning from the transitory stage and hunting new position of stomata’s patchy patterns,leads us to identify the dynamic transitory-sensitive area of attraction point on the façade that is triggered by the dynamic sun-timing position and multiple occupants.The annual climate-based metrics and luminance-based metric simulation results of 810 bioinspired interactive kinetic façade alternatives prove that the elastic-deformable-complexkinetic form triggered by the dynamic transitory-sensitive area can improve the visual comfort of multiple occupants simultaneously.In particular,the bio-inspired interactive kinetic façade with grid division 8x1 displays extraordinary daylight performance for south direction that prevents visual discomfort by keeping cases in the imperceptible range while providing an adequate average Spatial Daylight Autonomy of 60.5%,Useful Daylight illuminance of 90.47%,and Exceed Useful Daylight illuminance of 2.94%.
文摘Classifying job offers into occupational categories is a fundamental task in human resource information systems,as it improves and streamlines indexing,search,and matching between openings and job seekers.Comprehensive occupational databases such as O∗NET or ESCO provide detailed taxonomies of interrelated positions that can be leveraged to align the textual content of postings with occupational categories,thereby facilitating standardization,cross-system interoperability,and access to metadata for each occupation(e.g.,tasks,knowledge,skills,and abilities).In this work,we explore the effectiveness of fine-tuning existing language models(LMs)to classify job offers with occupational descriptors from O∗NET.This enables a more precise assessment of candidate suitability by identifying the specific knowledge and skills required for each position,and helps automate recruitment processes by mitigating human bias and subjectivity in candidate selection.We evaluate three representative BERT-like models:BERT,RoBERTa,and DeBERTa.BERT serves as the baseline encoder-only architecture;RoBERTa incorporates advances in pretraining objectives and data scale;and DeBERTa introduces architectural improvements through disentangled attention mechanisms.The best performance was achieved with the DeBERTa model,although the other models also produced strong results,and no statistically significant differences were observed acrossmodels.We also find that these models typically reach optimal performance after only a few training epochs,and that training with smaller,balanced datasets is effective.Consequently,comparable results can be obtained with models that require fewer computational resources and less training time,facilitating deployment and practical use.
基金Construction of Standardized Protective Nursing Plan for Hydrofluoric Acid Operations in Dentistry and Research on Injury Prevention Effects(Project No.:FZ2025101)。
文摘Objective: To investigate the efficacy of multidimensional protective nursing interventions in reducing occupational exposure risks to hydrofluoric acid in dental departments. Methods: The study was conducted between January 2024 and January 2025, involving 60 healthcare workers who were randomly assigned to groups. The control group (n = 30) received conventional occupational protective nursing care, while the observation group underwent multidimensional protective nursing interventions. Results: Following intervention, the observation group demonstrated significantly higher scores than the control group in knowledge of hydrofluoric acid occupational exposure, occupational exposure risk perception, and protective skill operation (p < 0.05). Emergency response capability scores and protective behavior implementation scores were also higher in the observation group (p < 0.05). Compared to the control group, the observation group exhibited higher occupational health satisfaction rates and lower occupational exposure incidence rates (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Multidimensional protective nursing interventions effectively enhance dental healthcare personnel’s awareness and protective capabilities regarding hydrofluoric acid occupational exposure, improve compliance with protective measures, and significantly reduce occupational exposure risks. This approach warrants promotion and application in occupational protective nursing interventions within dental departments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32201654 and U22A20464)National Key Research and Development Program from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.2020YFA0907600)the 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural University.
文摘Canopy photosynthesis,rather than leaf photosynthesis,is highly related to plant biomass and yield formation.Studying canopy photosynthesis and identifying the parameters that control it can help optimize agricultural management and achieve crop yield potential.Compared with traditional parameters,canopy occupation volume(COV)offers an integrative parameter on canopy architecture related to canopy photosynthetic rates.In this study,we developed a high-throughput method to derive COV for different rice varieties.We first used multi-perspective two-dimensional imaging to reconstruct three-dimensional point clouds of rice plants and developed a suite of pipelines to calculate plant height,leaf number,tiller number,and biomass,with R^(2) values of 91.8%,95.9%,82.3%,and 94.3%,respectively.We further employed point cloud data to reconstruct the surfaces of rice plants and construct a virtual canopy model of the rice population.Light distribution was simulated using a ray-tracing algorithm and canopy photosynthetic rates were simulated via photosynthetic rate-incident light intensity curve fitting.Furthermore,we systematically explored the relationships between canopy phenotypes and photosynthetic rates,and found that COV was the most effective predictor of canopy photosynthesis,achieving an R^(2) value of 92.1%.Adjustment in atmospheric transmittance showed that COV strongly correlated with canopy photosynthesis under different light conditions,with higher accuracy observed under diffuse light.Variations in planting density confirmed that this correlation remained strong at the community level.In summary,this study demonstrates that COV is closely linked to simulated canopy photosynthesis and the developed pipeline can support future agronomic and breeding research.
基金supported by the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(CAAS-ZDRW202416)the Science and Technology Major Projects of Hubei Province(2023BBA002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China grants(32441047,32441046 and 32471627)。
文摘Rhizobial inoculation in soybean is an effective strategy in sustainable agriculture to reduce chemical fertilizer application and to increase crop production.It not only provides nitrogen sources for host plants but also improves the rhizosphere soil environment.However,the inoculation efficiency of rhizobia remains to be improved.In this study,we investigated the nodulation efficiency of Bradyrhizobium and Sinorhizobium strains under different soil conditions and evaluated their impacts on the rhizocompartment bacterial community.We found that inoculation with Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens UASD 110 increased the number of soybean nodules in acidic soil,while Sinorhizobium fredii CCBAU 45436 was more effective in alkaline soil.However,inoculation with neither strain significantly affected nodulation in neutral soil.Then,we demonstrated that UASD 110 was more competitive in nodulation than CCBAU 45436,which was related to its higher abundance in the rhizosphere.Furthermore,we showed that while single inoculation with UASD 110 or CCBAU 45436 failed to alter the bacterial diversity,these two strains differentially influenced the rhizosphere microbial composition.Finally,we identified the main rhizosphere microorganisms that were affected by these two strains.Our findings revealed that the nodulation capacity of rhizobia and their colonization of rhizosphere and nodules are soil-type dependent,yet their impact on the rhizobacterial community exhibited consistent patterns.These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing rhizobial inoculation strategies to enhance nitrogen fixation efficiency.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC,Nos.12474274,92161101)the Innovation Project of Jinan Science and Technology Bureau (No.2021GXRC032)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No.ZR2024MA091)。
文摘The Jellium closed-shell model,a cornerstone of cluster science,has long guided the design of superatoms by dictating electron-counting rules.However,its reliance on precise control of cluster composition and electron shell occupancy presents significant experimental challenges.Here,we introduce a ligation strategy that circumvents these limitations by demonstrating that the adiabatic electron affinity(AEA) of aluminum-based clusters,whether with filled or partially filled electron shells,can be dramatically enhanced through the attachment of organic Lewis acid ligands.It was evidenced that the AEA of PAl12can be significantly increased by 2.17 e V after the ligation of two ligands,indicating a remarkable improvement in its electron-accepting ability.This approach yields superhalogen species,offering a versatile and practical means to tune the electronic properties of clusters while preserving their superatomic states,independent of shell occupancy.Remarkably,this ligand-induced modulation is not confined to naked clusters but also extends to nano-confined systems,hinting at its broader applicability.Given the indispensable role of ligands in cluster synthesis,this strategy holds promise for advancing the field of condensed-phase superatom synthesis,potentially complementing traditional electron-counting rules in a broader range of applications.
文摘Waterbird populations are declining globally due to various factors such as wetland degradation and loss,pesticide use,urbanization,and hunting.However,traditional farming practices and wetlands still provide important habitats for the large waterbirds in South Asia,including Nepal.These habitats become especially limited during the summer season,when wetlands dry up,and most farmlands remain fallow.We investigated the occupancy and detection probabilities of four sympatric,large-bodied,threatened waterbirds(Sarus Crane Grus antigone,Lesser Adjutant Leptoptilos javanicus,Asian Openbill Anastomus oscitans,and Asian Woollyneck Ciconia episcopus)using road count survey,and their relationship with land-use variables across 93(5×5 km)grids during summer season(April-May;pre-breeding season)of 2023 in the Greater Lumbini Area of Nepal.Detection probability was highest for the Sarus Crane,while occupancy was highest for the Lesser Adjutant.In contrast,the Asian Woollyneck had the lowest occupancy and detection probability.Waterbird occupancy was highest within the Jagdishpur Reservoir/Lumbini Farmlands Important Bird and Biodiversity Area.Farmland area had a significant positive effect on the occupancy for all waterbirds except the Asian Woollyneck.Wetland and built-up areas had significant positive effects on the occupancy of Sarus Crane,but showed non-significant positive associations for other species.Such positive association with built-up areas may reflect some level of adaptation to human-dominated landscapes;however,increased urbanization could disrupt natural behaviors and elevate exposure to anthropogenic threats in future.Therefore,maintaining waterholes and irrigation networks across farmland during the summer season is imperative for safeguarding threatened waterbirds as these areas can function as critical habitats and potential buffers against the adverse impacts of expanding built-up regions.
基金Funding for this research was provided by the Program for Scientific Research Innovation Team in Colleges and Universities of Anhui Province(No.2022AH010095)the Hefei Key Technology R&D“Champion-Based Selection”Project(No.2023SGJ011).
文摘With the increasing complexity of substation inspection tasks,achieving efficient and safe path planning for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in densely populated and structurally complex three-dimensional(3D)environments remains a critical challenge.To address this problem,this paper proposes an improved path planning algorithm—Random Geometric Graph(RGG)-guided Rapidly-exploring Random Tree(R-RRT)—based on the classical Rapidly-exploring Random Tree(RRT)framework.First,a refined 3D occupancy grid map is constructed from Light Detection and Ranging point cloud data through ground filtering,noise removal,coordinate transformation,and obstacle inflation using spherical structuring elements.During the planning stage,a dynamic goal-biasing strategy is introduced to adaptively adjust the sampling direction,the sampling distribution is optimized using a pre-generated RGG,and collision detection is accelerated via a K-Dimensional Tree structure.After initial trajectory generation,redundant nodes are eliminated via greedy pruning,and a curvature-minimizing gradient-based optimizationmethod is applied to smooth the trajectory.Experimental results conducted in a simulated substation environment demonstrate that,compared with mainstream path planning algorithms,the proposed R-RRT achieves superior performance in terms of path length,planning time,and trajectory smoothness.Comprehensive analysis shows that the proposed method significantly enhances trajectory quality,planning efficiency,and operational safety,validating its applicability and advantages for high-precision 3D path planning in complex substation inspection scenarios.
基金supported by the U.S.Department of Energy through the Building America program under award number DE-EE0008694.
文摘Occupants are the core of the built environment.Traditional heating,ventilation,and air-conditioning(HVAC)systems operate with predefined schedules and maximum occupancy assumptions with no consideration of specific occupant information.These generalized assumptions usually do not align with the actual demand and result in over-conditioning and occupant discomfort.In recent years,with the aid of Information&Communication Technology(ICT)and Computer Science(CS),it is possible to acquire real-time and accurate occupant information to satisfy the exact thermal requirement through specific HVAC control in one particular built environment.This mechanism is called HVAC“Occupant-centric Control(OCC).”HVAC OCC strategy starts with collecting the occupant’s information(e.g.,presence/absence)and then applies it to meet the occupant’s requirement(e.g.,thermal comfort).However,even though some research studies and field pilot demonstrations have been devoted to the field of OCC,there is a lack of systematic knowledge about occupant data,which is the principal component of OCC for HVAC researchers and practitioners.To fill this gap,this review paper discusses OCC with a particular emphasis on occupant information and investigates how this information can assist HVAC operation in providing an acceptable built environment in required spaces during the required time.We provide a fine-grained,comprehensive picture of occupant information,discuss its features,the modalities of information feed-in into the HVAC control,and the application of commonly utilized occupant information for OCC.
基金supported by the Michigan State University Environmental Science and Policy Program(ESPP)and Residential and Hospitality Services(RHS)In addition,statistical consultation was provided by the Center of Statistical Training and Consulting(CSTAT)at Michigan State University.
文摘Existing studies show that occupants’behavior contribute to fluctuations in energy consumption of residential units within the same building configuration.Window blinds are one of the interior design elements that the occupants use to control indoor environmental conditions.The way that occupants adjust their blinds could affect the energy performance of buildings.Thus,the purpose of this research was to identify spatial and temporal explanatory variables that correlate with occupants’use of the blinds and determine whether those variables relate to building design and surround-ing sites.Data were collected by observing how occupants in apartment buildings located in a multifamily residential complex adjust their blinds.Descriptive statistics were used to define the effect of floor level,window orientation,day of observation,the hour of observation,and weather conditions on the blind status.In addition,a generalized linear mixed model was used to predict the effect of floor level and window orientation on the occupants’adjustment of blinds.The results revealed that occupants’use of the blinds correlated significantly with spatial factors,such as the apartment buildings’floor level and windows’orientation.Interesting blind use patterns were related to temporal factors,such as the day and hour of observation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.51878358Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province under Grant No.LY18E080012National Key Technology R&D Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology under Grant 2013BAJ10B06.
文摘Manually operated solar shades have a significant impact on indoor visual comfort.This research investigates occupants’appropriate seating position and view direction in a west-facing office cell using a previously developed shade behavior model.The non-dominant sorting genetic algorithm(NSGA-II)based Multi-objective optimization was adopted to identify the optimal and near optimal solutions.Daylight and glare index were used as two visual comfort objectives for optimization and robustness of optimization results against shade behavior uncertainty that was analyzed using statistical analysis.Results show that near optimal solutions can be used instead of the optimal one since they provide more flexibility in seating positions while maintaining almost the same visual comfort performance.And thus,the appropriate seating position considering occupants’preference is 1.5m away from the external window with two view directions near parallel to the window for west-facing office rooms.
文摘Emergency department nurses face severe occupational stress leading to anxiety,depression,and burnout,which significantly impair their well-being and patientcare quality.This narrative review examined the role of mindfulness-based stress reduction(MBSR)in addressing these challenges.Rooted in nonjudgmental present-moment awareness,MBSR enhances emotional regulation and reduces psychological distress by fostering adaptive coping strategies.Studies have demonstrated its efficacy in lowering anxiety,depressive symptoms,and emotional exhaustion,while improving workplace well-being,empathy,and job satisfaction.Mechanistically,MBSR improves interoceptive awareness and autonomic balance,as evidenced by physiological markers such as heart rate variability.However,gaps remain in long-term efficacy assessments,personalized interventions,and integration with multidisciplinary approaches.Future research should prioritize tailored biomarker-driven programs,longitudinal studies,and scalable implementation strategies in high-stress clinical settings.This review underscores MBSR’s potential as a sustainable,evidence-based tool to enhance emergency department nurses’mental health and professional performance,advocating for broader adoption and further refinement of its practical applications.
基金supported by an Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (Grant No.2019-I2M-2-007).
文摘Objective:Postpartum nutrition plays a critical role in maternal recovery and long-term health.However,the nutritional status of working mothers in the postpartum period remains understudied.This study aimed to assess the dietary quality of postpartum women in urban Beijing,identify occupational-related factors influencing their diet,and explore potential interventions to improve maternal nutrition during the postpartum period.Methods:In this cross-sectional analysis,554 women one year after delivery were recruited from ten community health centers.Sociodemographic,occupational and postpartum care variables were collected via questionnaire.Dietary intake over the preceding year was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire.The modified dietary balance index for postpartum women were used for dietary quality assessment.Results:The study revealed severe dietary imbalances among postpartum women,characterized by excessive consumption of cereals,eggs,and meats,while their intake of vegetables,fruits,and dairy products was inadequate.According to dietary balance index for postpartum women,66.25%of mothers showed varying degrees of excessive intake.45.31%of mothers experienced varying levels of insufficient intake,with only 19.86%of participants having a relatively balanced diet.Occupational differences were observed,with women in the commercial employment group showing higher levels of excessive food intake.The analysis of influencing factors showed that family monthly income,maternity leave,and postpartum care significantly affected the dietary quality.Conclusions:Postpartum women in Beijing experience widespread dietary imbalances,with both excesses and deficiencies.Occupational context and related factors significantly shape diet quality.These findings highlight the need for targeted nutritional interventions tailored to the specific challenges of different occupational groups.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(grant number:2016YF0900605)the Key Research and Development Program of Hebei Province(grant number:192777129D)+1 种基金the Joint Fund for Iron and Steel of the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(grant number:H2016209058)the National Natural Science Foundation for Regional Joint Fund of China(grant number:U22A20364)。
文摘Objective We aimed to investigate the patterns of fasting blood glucose(FBG)trajectories and analyze the relationship between various occupational hazard factors and FBG trajectories in male steelworkers.Methods The study cohort included 3,728 workers who met the selection criteria for the Tanggang Occupational Cohort(TGOC)between 2017 and 2022.A group-based trajectory model was used to identify the FBG trajectories.Environmental risk scores(ERS)were constructed using regression coefficients from the occupational hazard model as weights.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the effects of occupational hazard factors using the ERS on FBG trajectories.Results FBG trajectories were categorized into three groups.An association was observed between high temperature,noise exposure,and FBG trajectory(P<0.05).Using the first quartile group of ERS1 as a reference,the fourth quartile group of ERS1 had an increased risk of medium and high FBG by 1.90and 2.21 times,respectively(odds ratio[OR]=1.90,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.17–3.10;OR=2.21,95%CI:1.09–4.45).Conclusion An association was observed between occupational hazards based on ERS and FBG trajectories.The risk of FBG trajectory levels increase with an increase in ERS.
基金the Project to Carry Out International Expert Consultation and Promote the Alignment of China's Occupational Health with International High-Standard Technical Rules(2024-2025)which is funded by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security of the People's Republic of China(Grant No.H20240785).
文摘Agricultural workers are among the most vulnerable groups facing occupational health risks,yet their protection remains insufficient globally.Despite employing nearly one-third of the global workforce,agriculture is one of the most hazardous sectors,with risks intensified by climate change and limited regulatory coverage.This commentary examines emerging challenges,research gaps,and policy directions,with a focus on international frameworks and China's recent experiences.While initiatives like Healthy China 2030 and pilot projects using international tools have advanced rural occupational health,major barriers persist,especially for precarious and informal agricultural workers.Strengthening national actions and international coordination is urgently needed.Reviving the Joint ILO/WHO Committee on Occupational Health would help bridge the gap between global commitments and local implementation.Protecting agricultural workers is essential for promoting human rights,advancing public health resilience,and achieving sustainable development goals related to health,labor,and food security.
基金supported by the 2021 Shandong Province Higher Education Institutions“Youth Innovation Talent Introduction and Cultivation Plan”(Public Health Safety Risk Assessment and Response Innovation Team)National Traditional Chinese Medicine Comprehensive Reform Demonstration Zone Science and Technology Co construction Project(No.GZYKJSSD-2024-106)Research Project of Shandong Educational Supervision Society(No.SDJYDDXH2023-2159).
文摘Dentistry is a profession with a high prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs),with symptoms often appearing very early in one’s career[1].WMSDs are conditions affecting the muscles,bones,and nervous system due to occupational factors.In 2002,the International Labor Organization included musculoskeletal diseases in the International List of Occupational Diseases.China’s recently updated Classification and Catalog of Occupational Diseases has introduced two new categories of occupational illnesses,including occupational musculoskeletal disorders.WMSDs significantly impact the health and work of dentists,reducing their quality of life and causing economic losses.These disorders are multifactorial in nature,influenced by personal,psychosocial,biomechanical,and environmental factors.Dentists frequently maintain static or awkward postures during procedures,which leads to musculoskeletal strain and discomfort;additionally,long working hours contribute to psychological stress,further increasing the risk of WMSDs[2].
文摘Objective:Through retrospective analysis of a case of occupational noise-induced hearing loss(NIHL)diagnosis and two-grade appraisal,this study explores the causes of inconsistency between diagnosis and appraisal conclusions,aiming to improve occupational health management.Methods:Data including occupational history,workplace noise exposure levels,pure-tone audiometry(PTA),and objective audiological tests were collected and analyzed.Results:Both municipal and provincial appraisals contradicted the initial diagnostic conclusion of“moderate occupational NIHL”.Conclusion:The diagnosis of occupational NIHL requires multidisciplinary expertise and is influenced by subjective factors.Appraisal institutions should adopt evidence-based approaches,integrate objective tests with PTA results,and comprehensively evaluate occupational exposure history to ensure scientific and impartial conclusions.
