The morphology of antennal sensilla of both nymphs and adults in the cicada Meimuna mongolica （Distant） were studied. Four instars of M. mongolica （Distant） were preliminarily determined using Dyar＇s rule and a r...The morphology of antennal sensilla of both nymphs and adults in the cicada Meimuna mongolica （Distant） were studied. Four instars of M. mongolica （Distant） were preliminarily determined using Dyar＇s rule and a regression analysis of the head width of nymphs, combined with the comparative morphology of antennae of different stage nymphs and adults. The antennae of nymphs in different instars and adults show great morphological variations. The numbers, types and distribution of antennal sensilla in nymphs and adults of M. mongolica are significantly different, which should be closely related to the niche changes of the nymphs and adults, and provide implications for the development stages of this cicada.展开更多
The Asian mayfly species of Habrophlebiodes differ from their North American congeners in male genitalia. Among the 4 known Asian species, H. prorninens Ulmer is unique in longer apical segments of labial palpi, venat...The Asian mayfly species of Habrophlebiodes differ from their North American congeners in male genitalia. Among the 4 known Asian species, H. prorninens Ulmer is unique in longer apical segments of labial palpi, venation of hindwings and pigments of wings. H. gilliesi Peters has thinner and basal 2/3 fused penes. H. zo＇inensis You ＆ Gui has short, wide and half-fused penes, each penis has large apical appendage. In redescription on its nymphs, H. zo＇inensis has more and clearer tracheal branches than those of//. gilliesi, and some deeply forked gills and tracheae, and a paler body than in H. tenella Kang ＆ Yang. This genus is similar to Paraleptophlebia and Neoleptophlebia in nymphs, but can be distinguished by setal tufts on lingua of hypopharynx. The exact relationships between members in Leptophlebiinae await more materials.展开更多
Introduction:The brown planthopper(BPH),Nilaparvata lugens(Stål)(Hemiptera:Delphacidae),is a notorious insect pest of rice.Nutrient supplementation can alter plant biochemical compositions which may indirectly af...Introduction:The brown planthopper(BPH),Nilaparvata lugens(Stål)(Hemiptera:Delphacidae),is a notorious insect pest of rice.Nutrient supplementation can alter plant biochemical compositions which may indirectly affect on ecological fitness parameters of its insect pest.However,few findings are available on nutrient-induced ecological fitness of BPH and relationship of BPH fitness parameters with its host rice plant biochemical contents.Methods:We studied the main and interaction effects of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K)inputs on BPH fitness,as measured by the following variables:nymph survival,nymphal duration,adult body weight,and its survival.Brown planthopper fitness parameters were regressed as function of rice plant(Oryza sativa)biochemical composition.A completely randomized design with four replications in a factorial scheme was used considering N,P,and K levels as factors.Results:Nitrogen application to the host rice plants provided greater survival and enhanced body weight of BPH.The nymphal duration was found to decrease with N subsidy that caused shorter generation time of BPH.Nitrogenous compounds N and soluble protein(SP),total free sugar(TFS),and silicon(Si)content in rice plant tissue correlated strongly with all fitness traits of BPH.Nitrogen,SP,and TFS associated positively with BPH survival and body weight,while negatively with nymphal duration.In contrast,Si had negative correlation with BPH survival and body weight,but positive with nymphal duration.Phosphorus supplementation to host plant contributed to increase BPH body weight.Relationships of P with all parameters of BPH were weak except body weight which was highly significant and positive.Interaction between N and P inputs demonstrated significant effect on BPH body weight.Application of K had no significant effect on BPH survival and development.Regression analysis did not detect significant relationship of BPH fitness parameters with plant tissue content of K.Conclusions:The results suggest that BPH ecological fitness characters were improved after N and P fertilization to rice plants which are associated with biochemical content of rice plant.Therefore,N and P inputs should be used judiciously in rice cultivation to keep BPH ecological fitness potential at minimum level.展开更多
The nymphal biology of a population of Torleya major （Klapalek） in southem Iberian Peninsula was studied. An atypical life cycle pattern is described, with eggs hatching in August producing a fast-developing cohort ...The nymphal biology of a population of Torleya major （Klapalek） in southem Iberian Peninsula was studied. An atypical life cycle pattern is described, with eggs hatching in August producing a fast-developing cohort with adults emerging in autumn and a second slow-developing cohort with adults emerging in spring of the following year. Nymphal growth occurred primarily in summer-autumn （in the first cohort） and in spring （in the second）. The origin of such a life history is discussed. Nymphs were collector-gatherers, consuming mainly detritus. Although ontogenetic shifts on the use of trophic resources were detected, similar food was utilized during the months when both cohorts cohabited, eliminating the possibility that the rapid growth of the first cohort could be related to the utilization of different food resources.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31093430)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Universities of China (NCET-10-0691)
文摘The morphology of antennal sensilla of both nymphs and adults in the cicada Meimuna mongolica （Distant） were studied. Four instars of M. mongolica （Distant） were preliminarily determined using Dyar＇s rule and a regression analysis of the head width of nymphs, combined with the comparative morphology of antennae of different stage nymphs and adults. The antennae of nymphs in different instars and adults show great morphological variations. The numbers, types and distribution of antennal sensilla in nymphs and adults of M. mongolica are significantly different, which should be closely related to the niche changes of the nymphs and adults, and provide implications for the development stages of this cicada.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31172124, 30300037)
文摘The Asian mayfly species of Habrophlebiodes differ from their North American congeners in male genitalia. Among the 4 known Asian species, H. prorninens Ulmer is unique in longer apical segments of labial palpi, venation of hindwings and pigments of wings. H. gilliesi Peters has thinner and basal 2/3 fused penes. H. zo＇inensis You ＆ Gui has short, wide and half-fused penes, each penis has large apical appendage. In redescription on its nymphs, H. zo＇inensis has more and clearer tracheal branches than those of//. gilliesi, and some deeply forked gills and tracheae, and a paler body than in H. tenella Kang ＆ Yang. This genus is similar to Paraleptophlebia and Neoleptophlebia in nymphs, but can be distinguished by setal tufts on lingua of hypopharynx. The exact relationships between members in Leptophlebiinae await more materials.
文摘Introduction:The brown planthopper(BPH),Nilaparvata lugens(Stål)(Hemiptera:Delphacidae),is a notorious insect pest of rice.Nutrient supplementation can alter plant biochemical compositions which may indirectly affect on ecological fitness parameters of its insect pest.However,few findings are available on nutrient-induced ecological fitness of BPH and relationship of BPH fitness parameters with its host rice plant biochemical contents.Methods:We studied the main and interaction effects of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K)inputs on BPH fitness,as measured by the following variables:nymph survival,nymphal duration,adult body weight,and its survival.Brown planthopper fitness parameters were regressed as function of rice plant(Oryza sativa)biochemical composition.A completely randomized design with four replications in a factorial scheme was used considering N,P,and K levels as factors.Results:Nitrogen application to the host rice plants provided greater survival and enhanced body weight of BPH.The nymphal duration was found to decrease with N subsidy that caused shorter generation time of BPH.Nitrogenous compounds N and soluble protein(SP),total free sugar(TFS),and silicon(Si)content in rice plant tissue correlated strongly with all fitness traits of BPH.Nitrogen,SP,and TFS associated positively with BPH survival and body weight,while negatively with nymphal duration.In contrast,Si had negative correlation with BPH survival and body weight,but positive with nymphal duration.Phosphorus supplementation to host plant contributed to increase BPH body weight.Relationships of P with all parameters of BPH were weak except body weight which was highly significant and positive.Interaction between N and P inputs demonstrated significant effect on BPH body weight.Application of K had no significant effect on BPH survival and development.Regression analysis did not detect significant relationship of BPH fitness parameters with plant tissue content of K.Conclusions:The results suggest that BPH ecological fitness characters were improved after N and P fertilization to rice plants which are associated with biochemical content of rice plant.Therefore,N and P inputs should be used judiciously in rice cultivation to keep BPH ecological fitness potential at minimum level.
文摘The nymphal biology of a population of Torleya major （Klapalek） in southem Iberian Peninsula was studied. An atypical life cycle pattern is described, with eggs hatching in August producing a fast-developing cohort with adults emerging in autumn and a second slow-developing cohort with adults emerging in spring of the following year. Nymphal growth occurred primarily in summer-autumn （in the first cohort） and in spring （in the second）. The origin of such a life history is discussed. Nymphs were collector-gatherers, consuming mainly detritus. Although ontogenetic shifts on the use of trophic resources were detected, similar food was utilized during the months when both cohorts cohabited, eliminating the possibility that the rapid growth of the first cohort could be related to the utilization of different food resources.
