This study was carried out with the aim of investigating the effect of indigenous microorganism (IMO), effective (EM) and mineral fertilizers (NPK) on the yield and nutritional value of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) in...This study was carried out with the aim of investigating the effect of indigenous microorganism (IMO), effective (EM) and mineral fertilizers (NPK) on the yield and nutritional value of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) in Western Cameroon (Baboutcha-Fongam). The study was conducted during two consecutive years, using a completely randomized block design of 8 treatments repeated three times in each subblock. The sub-plots were enriched with 0, 10, 20 and 40 g corresponding to the treatment of EM and IMO respectively and 3.2 g of NPK in 2019. Subsequently, the best dose that resulted in excellent yields was repeated for the rest of the experiment in 2020. The yield parameters and nutritional value of the two varieties of Arachis hypogaea used in the two consecutive years increase with the contribution of the different doses compared to the control. Overall, a significant increase (p A. hypogaea plants fertilized with EM 20 g (2.15 ± 0.24 and 2.01 ± 0.23 t/ha) and plants fertilized with NPK 3.2 g (2.36 ± 0.65 and 2.04 ± 0.17 t/ha) was not significant. On the other hand, there was a significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) between plants fertilized with IMO 10 g (2.65 ± 0.17 and 2.24 ± 0.2 t/ha) and plants fertilized with EM 20 g and plants fertilized with NPK 3.2 g for both varieties during the two years combined. In addition to being local and therefore adapted to environmental conditions, IMOs could be a promising biological means for improving soil fertility in Cameroon.展开更多
The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of six individual strains of fungi on the reduction of gossypol levels and nutritional value during solid substrate fen＇aentation of cottonseed meal （CSM）. S...The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of six individual strains of fungi on the reduction of gossypol levels and nutritional value during solid substrate fen＇aentation of cottonseed meal （CSM）. Six groups of disinfected CSM substrate were incubated for 48 h after inoculation with either of the fungi C. capsuligena ZD- 1, C. tropicalis ZD-3, S. cerevisae ZD-5, A. terricola ZD-6, A. oryzae ZD-7, or A. niger ZD-8. One not inoculated group （substrate） was used as a control. Levels of initial and final free gossypol （FG）, crude protein （CP）, amino acids （AA） and in vitro digestibility were assayed. The experiment was done in triplicate. The experimental results indicated that microbial fermentation could greatly decrease （P〈0.05） FG levels in CSM. The detoxification efficiency differed between the species of microorganisms applied. From the perspective of reducing CSM potential toxicity, C. tropicalis ZD-3 was most successful followed by S. cerevisae ZD-5 and A. niger ZD-8. They could reduce FG levels of CSM to 29.8, 63.07 and 81.50 mg/kg based on DM （dry matter）, respectively, and their detoxification rates were 94.57%, 88.51% and 85.16%, respectively. If crude protein, amino acids content and their in vitro digestibility were also taken into account, Aniger ZD-8 may be the best choice. The CP content of CSM substrate fermented by C. tropicalis ZD-3 and A. niger ZD-8 were improved by 10.76% and 22.24%; the TAA （total amino acids） contents were increased by 7.06% and 11.46%, and the EAA （essential amino acids） were raised by 7.77% and 12.64%, respectively. Especially, the levels of methionine, lysine and threonine were improved greatly （P〈0.05）. The in vitro CP digestibility of CSM fermented by C. tropicalis ZD-3 and A. niger ZD-8 was improved by 13.42% and 18.22%, the TAA were increased by 17.75% and 22.88%, and the EAA by 16.61% and 21.01%, respectively. In addition, the in vitro digestibility of methionine, lysine and threonine was also improved greatly （P〈0.05）.展开更多
Background： Rapeseed cake is a good source of protein for animal feed but its utilization is limited due to the presence of anti-nutritional substances, such as glucosinolates （GIs）, phytic acid, tannins etc. In th...Background： Rapeseed cake is a good source of protein for animal feed but its utilization is limited due to the presence of anti-nutritional substances, such as glucosinolates （GIs）, phytic acid, tannins etc. In the present study, a solid state fermentation （SSF） using Aspergillus niger was carried out with the purpose of degrading glucosinolates and improving the nutritional quality of rapeseed cake （RSC）. The effects of medium composition and incubation conditions on the GIs content in fermented rapeseed cake （FRSC） were investigated, and chemical composition and amino acid in vitro digestibility of RSC substrate fermented under optimal conditions were determined. Results： After 72 h of incubation at 34℃, a 76.89% decrease in GIs of RSC was obtained in solid medium containing 70% RSC, 30% wheat bran at optimal moisture content 60% （w/w）. Compared to unfermented RSC, trichloroacetic acid soluble protein （TCA-SP）, crude protein and ether extract contents of the FRSC were increased （P〈 0.05） 103.71, 23.02 and 23.54%, respectively. As expected, the contents of NDF and phytic acid declined （P〈 0.05） by 9.12 and 44.60%, respectively. Total amino acids （TAA） and essential amino acids （EAA） contents as well as AA in vitro digestibility of FRSC were improved significantly （P 〈 0.05）. Moreover, the enzyme activity of endoglucanase, xylanase, acid protease and phytase were increased （P 〈 0.05） during SSF. Conclusions： Our results indicate that the solid state fermentation offers an effective approach to improving the quality of proteins sources such as rapeseed cake.展开更多
To investigate the effect of low light （LL, 50% natural light） during grain filling （GF） stage on rice transamination, amino acid （AA） accumulation, nutritional value, and cooking quality in three different rice...To investigate the effect of low light （LL, 50% natural light） during grain filling （GF） stage on rice transamination, amino acid （AA） accumulation, nutritional value, and cooking quality in three different rice genotypes, transaminase activities and AA levels in grains during GF stage and the traits that significantly affected rice quality （physical appearance, cooking quality, and nutritional value） were analyzed. LL did not disturb transamination in rice grains during GF stage, as minimal impact was found on alanine and aspartate transaminase activities. Nevertheless, most AAs in caryopses, including lysine and threonine, increased in response to LL, except for sulfur-containing AAs. These results suggest that AA metabolism and accumulation in rice grains were rarely suppressed by LL during GF stage. Rice nutritional ingredients at harvest, such as major protein components including glutelin and most important essential amino acids （EAAs） including lysine and threonine, increased significantly in response to LL, whereas most protein and EAA ratios were rarely affected. However, LL markedly affected physical appearance of rice grains by reducing brown rice rate, milled rice rate, and 1000-grain weight and increasing the chalkiness rate. In addition, cooking qualities decreased in response to LL, while breakdown values and amylose levels decreased and setback values increased. We concluded that LL during GF stage decreased the cooking quality of rice, but could potentially improve the nutritional value of rice.展开更多
Yellow mealworm larvae(YML;Tenebrio molitor) are considered as a valuable insect species for animal feed due to their high nutritional values and ability to grow under different substrates and rearing conditions. Adva...Yellow mealworm larvae(YML;Tenebrio molitor) are considered as a valuable insect species for animal feed due to their high nutritional values and ability to grow under different substrates and rearing conditions. Advances in the understanding of entomophagy and animal nutrition over the past decades have propelled research areas toward testing multiple aspects of YML to exploit them better as animal feed sources. This review aims to summarize various approaches that could be exploited to maximize the nutritional values of YML as an animal feed ingredient. In addition, YML has the potential to be used as an antimicrobial or bioactive agent to improve animal health and immune function in production animals. The dynamics of the nutritional profile of YML can be influenced by multiple factors and should be taken into account when attempting to optimize the nutrient contents of YML as an animal feed ingredient. Specifically, the use of novel land-based and aquatic feeding resources, probiotics, and the exploitation of larval gut microbiomes as novel strategies can assist to maximize the nutritional potential of YML. Selection of relevant feed supplies, optimization of ambient conditions, the introduction of novel genetic selection procedures, and implementation of effective post-harvest processing may be required in the future to commercialize mealworm production. Furthermore, the use of appropriate agricultural practices and technological improvements within the mealworm production sector should be aimed at achieving both economic and environmental sustainability. The issues highlighted in this review could pave the way for future approaches to improve the nutritional value of YML.展开更多
Background Muscle represents a unique and complex system with many components and comprises the major edible part of animals.Vitamin D is a critical nutrient for animals and is known to enhance calcium absorption and ...Background Muscle represents a unique and complex system with many components and comprises the major edible part of animals.Vitamin D is a critical nutrient for animals and is known to enhance calcium absorption and immune response.In recent years,dietary vitamin D supplementation in livestock has received increased attention due to biological responses including improving shear force in mammalian meat.However,the vitamin D acquisition and myofiber development processes in fish differ from those in mammals,and the effect of vitamin D on fish flesh quality is poorly understood.Here,the influence of dietary vitamin D on fillet quality,antioxidant ability,and myofiber development was examined in grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella).Methods A total of 540 healthy grass carp,with an initial average body weight of 257.24±0.63 g,were allotted in 6 experimental groups with 3 replicates each,and respectively fed corresponding diets with 15.2,364.3,782.5,1,167.9,1,573.8,and 1,980.1 IU/kg vitamin D for 70 d.Results Supplementation with 1,167.9 IU/kg vitamin D significantly improved nutritional value and sensory quality of fillets,enhancing crude protein,free amino acid,lipid,and collagen contents;maintaining an ideal pH;and reduc-ing lactate content,shear force,and cooking loss relative to respective values in the control(15.2 IU/kg)group.Average myofiber diameter and the frequency of myofibers>50μm in diameter increased under supplementation with 782.5–1,167.9 IU/kg vitamin D.Levels of oxidative damage biomarkers decreased,and the expression of antioxi-dant enzymes and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 signaling molecules was upregulated in the 1,167.9 IU/kg vitamin D treatment compared to respective values in the control group.Furthermore,vitamin D supplementation activated cell differentiation by enhancing the expression of myogenic regulatory factors and myocyte enhancer factors compared to that in the control group.In addition,supplementation with 1,167.9 IU/kg vitamin D improved protein deposition associated with protein synthesis molecule(target of rapamycin)signaling and vitamin D receptor paralogs,along with inhibition of protein degradation(forkhead box protein 1)signaling.Conclusions Overall,the results demonstrated that vitamin D strengthened antioxidant ability and myofiber devel-opment,thereby enhancing nutritional value and sensory quality of fish flesh.These findings suggest that dietary vitamin D supplementation is conducive to the production of nutrient-rich,high quality aquaculture products.展开更多
Sprouts are ready-to-eat and are recognized worldwide as functional components of the human diet.Recent advances in innovative agricultural techniques could enable an increase in the production of healthy food.The use...Sprouts are ready-to-eat and are recognized worldwide as functional components of the human diet.Recent advances in innovative agricultural techniques could enable an increase in the production of healthy food.The use of light-emitting diode(LED)in indoor agricultural production could alter the biological feedback loop,increasing the functional benefits of plant foods such as wheat and lentil sprouts and promoting the bioavailability of nutrients.The effects of white(W),red(R),and blue(B)light were investigated on the growth parameters and nutritional value of wheat and lentil sprouts.In the laboratory,seeds were sown under three different LED treat-ments:white,red,and blue light,while normal incandescent light served as a control.Percentage seed germina-tion improved by 18.34%and 12.67%for wheat and 18.34%and 12.67%for lentil sprouts under LED treatments R and B,respectively.An increase in total soluble protein and sugar by 33.4%and 9.23%in wheat and by 31.5%and 5.87%in lentils was observed under the R LED treatment.Vitamin C concentrations in wheat and lentils were significantly increased by R LED compared to all other treatments.Other parameters,including potassium and sodium concentrations,were significantly increased under red and blue light compared to the control;white light,on the other hand,significantly decreased all these parameters.According to the experimental data,red and blue LED light could be beneficial in the production of functional wheat and lentil sprouts with high nutrient concentrations.展开更多
To analyze the nutritional value as feed,the aerial stem and leaves of Lippia nodiflora( L.) Greene and Phyla nodiflora( L.) Greene were sampled to measure the nutritional indices. The nutritional indices were also co...To analyze the nutritional value as feed,the aerial stem and leaves of Lippia nodiflora( L.) Greene and Phyla nodiflora( L.) Greene were sampled to measure the nutritional indices. The nutritional indices were also compared with common forage grass,and the development value of L. nodiflora as feed was analyzed. Compared with P. nodiflora,L. nodiflora had obvious fast-growing and high-yield abilities. The contents of crude fat,crude fiber,crude ash,lysine,vitamin C,Ca,and Fe in L. nodiflora were obviously higher than that in P. nodiflora,but the content of crude protein and total P in L. nodiflora were significantly lower than that in P. nodiflora. Compared with common forage feed ryegrass,alfalfa,millet straw and corn straw,L. nodiflora had higher contents of crude fat and crude ash and lower contents of crude fiber and crude protein. Therefore,L. nodiflora had higher development value as feed.展开更多
Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are widely grown in Cameroon and play a key role in the fight against food insecurity, malnutrition and poverty. However, its cultivation encounters problems due to abiotic and biotic str...Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are widely grown in Cameroon and play a key role in the fight against food insecurity, malnutrition and poverty. However, its cultivation encounters problems due to abiotic and biotic stresses, which leads to the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, which cause significant damage to the environment and human health due to the presence of synthetics residues in the seeds, pods and in the leaves that are eaten. Promoting the use of natural products is becoming a necessity for organic and eco-responsible agriculture that limits contamination problems and improves people’s purchasing power. This study aims to assess the effect of biostimulants based on natural products on the growth and nutritional value of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Bean seedlings from white variety (MEX-142) and red variety (DOR-701) were treated every seven days in the field from their pre-emergence, emergence and growth to their maturation under a randomized block experimental design. Six treatments and three repetitions with the biostimulants based on natural products and controls were thus performed and the agromorphological parameters were measured. After 120 days, the contents of growth biomarkers and defense-related enzymes were evaluated in leaves, while the contents of macromolecules, minerals and antinutrients were evaluated in seeds. These biostimulants significantly increased (P P < 0.0001) of antinutrients including oxalates, phytates, tannins and saponins in seeds compared to controls (T+ and T−). Treatment with biostimulants, in particular BS4, improves the performance of bean plants in the field as well as the biofortification of seeds regardless of the variety.展开更多
The date palm (<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Phoenix dactylifera</span></i><i>...The date palm (<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Phoenix dactylifera</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></i></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L.) is one of the oldest primary staple crops in Southwest Asia and North Africa. Date palms are also grown in Australia, Mexico, South America, Southern Africa, and the United States, especially in Southern California, Arizona, and Texas. Date fruit is a high nutritional value food that is rich in carbohydrates, dietary fibers, proteins, minerals and vitamin B complex such as thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), pantothenic (B5), pyridoxine (B6), and folate (B9). Carbohydrates comprise 70% of date fruit mainly as fructose and glucose. Minerals in date fruits are calcium, iron, magnesium, selenium, copper, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, sulfur, cobalt, fluorine, and manganese. Date fruits are highly nourishing and may thus confer numerous potential health benefits. In recent years, a huge interest in the abundant health promoting properties of date fruits has led to the need to develop new food products using dates as a source of nutrients. Thus, the aim of this paper is to review the nutritional value of date fruits in the context of the potential use of dates in nutrition bars for athletes.</span>展开更多
In this paper, the author aimed to determine the nutritional value of soursop (Annona muricata L. fruit) consumed in Kinshasa as well as the study of the acute toxicity of its seeds. The fruit of Annona muricata L. wa...In this paper, the author aimed to determine the nutritional value of soursop (Annona muricata L. fruit) consumed in Kinshasa as well as the study of the acute toxicity of its seeds. The fruit of Annona muricata L. was sampled according to the ISO 7002 standard for agricultural and food products. The selected fruits were ripe, without physical damage. The usual analytical methods allowed the determination of the nutritional value of the fruit pulp of Annona muricata L. The water content was measured by the method of loss of mass on drying. The total amount of ash was determined by incineration in the oven at 550°C. The mineral elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP0). The determination of acute toxicity was carried out on 25 female mice of the NMRI SUISSE species according to OECD 425 guidelines. For 100 grams of fresh material from the fruit pulp, we noted a very high water content of 84% ± 6%. We also note a particularly high amount of carbohydrates with a rate of 12.2% ± 2%. Protein and lipid content were relatively low at 1% ± 0.01% and 0.7% ± 0.3% respectively. The dietary fiber content was 0.8% ± 0.2%. An energy value of 49.3 Kcal per 100 grams of pulp was determined. The LD 50 obtained was 3320 mg/kg, indicating slight toxicity of soursop seeds. The results of this study show that the white pulp of the fruit of Annona muricata L. consumed in Kinshasa is rich in carbohydrates when we compare it to others biomolecules. It also contains dietary fiber and mineral salts making soursop an excellent constituent of a weight loss diet with a low energy intake.展开更多
The aim of the study was to determine the best food absorbents between wheat, rice and maize bran and palm kernel cake, from a technical and economic point of view, in order to make a better recommandation for their u...The aim of the study was to determine the best food absorbents between wheat, rice and maize bran and palm kernel cake, from a technical and economic point of view, in order to make a better recommandation for their use in the production process of food based on mango by-products (peels, peels + pulp). To this end, series of 18 kg of fresh feed were prepared and spread out in a stall for sun-drying using a randomized Fisher system. Preparations were made using either mango peels (75%) + absorbent (25%) or pulp + mango peels (67%) + sorbent (33%). The results show that mango Peel feed loses more water (WL) with lover production yields (PY), higher mango incorporation rates into dry feed (MRI), longer drying times (UDT) and lower production costs (CPkgPD) than mango peel + pulp. The average DM, MAT, ADF and NDF fiber contents were almost equal to those of mango peels + pulp feed. The average Crude Fiber (CF) (25.13%) and DEp (2839 kcal/kgDM) contents were higher for mango skin feed than for mango skin + pulp feed, at 8.59% and 2536 for MAT and DEp respectively. Mango peels + wheat bran (PSB25) and whole mango (MESB33) feeds recorded the highest and almost equal levels of TCP, NDF and MM. Production costs per kg of feed dry mater (CPkgDM) for feed produced at 25% were on average 33% higher than for whole mango (WM) feed. Excluding mango raw material, palm kernel meal (PK), rice bran (RB), maize bran (MB) and wheat bran (WB) can be ranked 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th in terms of cumulative performance of production parameters. Producers can then choose the type of sorbent they wish to use according to this ranking and the local availability of the sorbent. These feeds can be used for both ruminants and monogastrics, but are better suited to ruminant feeding due to their high fiber content.展开更多
Our study investigated the effect of utiliz</span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">ing</span></span></span><span><sp...Our study investigated the effect of utiliz</span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">ing</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> chicken</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">wings and dehydrated shellfish to produce chicken nuggets rich in protein, minerals and vitamins.</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">The proximate composition, nutritional value, physical and sensorial properties were evaluated. The different</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">ly</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> prepared chicken nuggets </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">were </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">supplemented with dehydrated shellfish CN</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">0%, CN</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">2%, CN</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">4% and CN</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">6%. There was </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">a </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">significantly reduction </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">in </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">moisture and </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">an </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">increasing in protein content (<i>P</i> < 0.05) in all Chicken Nuggets (CN) in comparison to the control. Fat content was significantly higher in CN</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">0% than CN</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">2%, CN</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">4% and CN</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">6%. Ash content was increasing with added dehydrated shellfish, while </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">the </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">reduction in carbohydrates and total calories of the different chicken nuggets were noticed with </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">the </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">significant gradual rise in pH values, TBA values showed no significant difference (<i>P</i> < 0.05) between chicken nuggets. Results showed that using dehydrated shellfish in preparing chicken nuggets caused a marked rise in its content of Ca, Fe, Na, K, Zn, Mg and Mn levels, CN</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">0% had the lowest concentration of all minerals, and had lower value</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">s</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> of vitamins A, E and D but CN</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">6% had higher value</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">s</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> of vitamins A, E and D. Control Nuggets (CN</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">0%) had the lowest value of yellowness and highest value of lightness but CN</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">6% had </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">the </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">highest value of yellowness and, </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">the </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">lowest value of lightness. </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">The </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">redness had </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">a </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">slightly reduction. All samples showed slight changes in</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess and chewiness were noticed. </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">An </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">increase in WHC, pick-up, and cooking loss of chicken nuggets with dehydrated shellfish was noticed. Panelists accepted all prepared chicken nuggets and the chicken nuggets CN</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">4% had </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">the </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">highest score compared with other chicken nuggets prepared.展开更多
Attiéké is an essentially flavour starchy food produced from fermented cassava root. The product is widely consumed in Burkina Faso. The objective of the present study was to investigate the biochemical and ...Attiéké is an essentially flavour starchy food produced from fermented cassava root. The product is widely consumed in Burkina Faso. The objective of the present study was to investigate the biochemical and the microbiological characteristics of attiéké from Burkina Faso. The samples (36) were collected from six (6) producers. Cassava dough which is used for attiéké production contains from 70.67% ± 0.25% to 86.02% ± 0.2% as starch. The undesirable organic elements rate is about 1.28% ± 0.14% to 26.46% ± 0.53%. The inorganic impurities rate is about 0 to 7 ± 0.1 mg/100g. Cassava dough acidity varies from 1.8 ± 0.2 to 12.4 ± 0.1;and its pH from 3.48 ± 0.01 to 4.20 ± 0.01. Lactic bacteria are the main microorganisms involved in cassava dough fermentation (5.17 to 9.30 log cfu/g). Yeasts and molds number is low (<6.53 log cfu/g). Attiéké moister is about 50.6% ± 0.00% to 55.12% ± 0.7% and its protein contents from 0.77 to 1.74 ± 0.13 g/100g. The content in lipid of attiéké shows an important variation and is about 0.15 to 3.28 ± 0.32 g/100g. Carbohydrates content varies from 36.6 ± 0.04 to 47.01 ± 0.1 g/100g and its ashes content is from 140 to 780 ± 20 mg/100g. Attiéké acidity and pH are less weak than cassava dough. They vary respectively from 0.92% ± 0.05% to 4.08% ± 0.57% and from 3.7 to 4.4 ± 0.01. As a main energizer food, attiéké energizing value is from 161.95 to 215.26 Kcal/100g. All the attiéké analyzed was exempt of aflatoxin (B1, B2, G1, G2) and ochratoxin A. The local attiéké has higher acidity, fermented bacteria load, protein and minerals salt than the imported one. The process mastery is the mainly factor that determines nutritional and sanitary quality of attiéké.展开更多
The contents of dry matter, crude fat, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, crude ash, Ca and P in 43 Saccharum spontaneum L.germplasms during the vegetative period were determined. Among them...The contents of dry matter, crude fat, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, crude ash, Ca and P in 43 Saccharum spontaneum L.germplasms during the vegetative period were determined. Among them, the crude protein, crude fat, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, P and Ca contents were treated as the judging indicators. The nutritional value evaluation was carried out with the analytic hierarchy process(AHP). The results showed A49(Guangxi)had the highest nutritional value. Its dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash,neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, Ca and P contents were 32.35%,7.20%, 4.06%, 8.07%, 75.81%, 50.72%, 0.23% and 0.16% respectively. While A3(Guangdong) had the lowest nutritional value. Its dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, Ca and P contents were32.24%, 4.62%, 0.51%, 6.38%, 46.40%, 40.02%, 0.15% and 0.09% respectively.The crude protein content differed significantly among different germplasms. A48 had the highest crude protein content(9.11%), and A14 had the lowest crude protein content(3.72%). Based on the evaluation results, the 43 Saccharum spontaneum L.germplasms were divided into 3 groups: high-nutritional value type, moderate-nutritional value type and low-nutritional value type. We hoped to provide a theoretical reference for the application of Saccharum spontaneum L. as a forage grass.展开更多
This paper reviews results of some morphometric properties and chemical analyses of natural populations of the Cornelian cherry collected in the Vojvodina Province in 2008. Purpose of this study was the selection of t...This paper reviews results of some morphometric properties and chemical analyses of natural populations of the Cornelian cherry collected in the Vojvodina Province in 2008. Purpose of this study was the selection of the best genotypes for future breeding program until the final goal and that is standardizing Cornelian cherry cultivars. Chemical content has been found to depend on the genotype. Total sugar content in fruits ranged from 11.77% （CPC16） to 41.62% （BPC7）, vitamin C from 17.15 mg/100 g （APC8） to 42.30 rag/100 g of fresh fruit （APC2）, Ca pectat from 0.17% （APC6） to 2.52% （KC 1 ） and anthocyanin from 22.65 mg/100 g （APC4）to 96.30 rag/100 g of fresh fruit （BPC1）. Cornelian cherry fruits have an especially high content of minerals compared with other fruit species： the potassium content （in ppm） ranges from 2330 （APC6） to 11487 （APC4）, the calcium content from 33.80 （APC6） to 1307.70 （BPC1）, the sodium content from 22.82 （BPC8） to 273.48 （APC8）, the magnesium content from 10.20 （APC6） to 372.80 （APC8） and the iron content from 2.38 （KC2） to 14.40 （APCS）. The balanced content of nutrients, a wide range of food products made from the Cornelian cherry and an extremely high nutritional value make this fruit species a highly recommendable food item, especially if it comes from organic production.展开更多
Deoxynivalenol(DON)negatively affects the growth of piglets.Electron beam irradiation(EBI)has the potential to reduce the DON content in feeds.However,the quantitative effects of DON contamination and EBI on the nutri...Deoxynivalenol(DON)negatively affects the growth of piglets.Electron beam irradiation(EBI)has the potential to reduce the DON content in feeds.However,the quantitative effects of DON contamination and EBI on the nutritional value of corn remain unclear,as does the impact of this corn on piglet feeding.These experiments explored the effect of DON contamination and EBI treatment on the nutritional value of corn and the feeding effects of this corn on piglets.In Exp.1,40 piglets(initial weight:14.88±1.92 kg)were allotted to five experimental diets with eight replicates per diet.Five diets included four types of corn diets:normal corn(NC),DON-contaminated corn(DON-C),EBI-treated NC(EBI-NC),and EBI-treated DON-C(EBI-DON-C),and a nitrogen-free diet formulated to determine the basal endogenous loss of amino acids.In Exp.2,56 piglets(initial weight:7.58±0.35 kg)were randomly allocated to treatments arranged in a 2×2 factorial arrangement,with two types of corn(NC vs.DON-C)and two corn treatments(without EBI vs.EBI).There were four diets and seven replicate pens per diet,with two pigs per pen.The study found that both DON contamination and EBI treatment decreased the effective energy value of corn(P<0.05),and EBI treatment also decreased the standardized ileal digestibility(SID)of most amino acids(P<0.05),whereas DON contamination had no negative effect on the SID of amino acids(Exp.1).In Exp.2,EBI-treated corn(EBI-C)increased the average daily gain(P=0.001)and average daily feed intake(P<0.001),while increased feed conversion ratio(FCR)(P<0.001)and decreased nutrient digestibility(P<0.05).DON-C had a positive impact on FCR(P=0.005).Neither EBI-C nor DON-C affected serum biochemical parameters(P>0.05).However,DON-C may induce oxidative stress,impair immune function,and disrupt intestinal barrier.In conclusion,EBI reduced the DON content of DON-C,while impacted the nutritional value of corn.Furthermore,DON-C reduced the antioxidant capacity and immune function of piglets to some extent,although it did not affect their growth performance.展开更多
The paper aimed to evaluate fertilizing effects of spent mushroom substrate(SMS)and slurry on dry matter productivity and value of legume-grass mixtures.The experiment was replicated three times,with a split-plot arra...The paper aimed to evaluate fertilizing effects of spent mushroom substrate(SMS)and slurry on dry matter productivity and value of legume-grass mixtures.The experiment was replicated three times,with a split-plot arrangement and plots of 3 m^(3) as experimental units.These species were grown as three legume-grass mixtures:M1-Dactylis glomerata,Lolium perenne,Medicago x varia T.Martyn;M2-Dactylis glomerata,Medicago x varia T.Martyn;M3-Lolium perenne,Medicago x varia T.Martyn.The experiment consisted of the following units:control(no fertilization);SMS(30 t/hm^(2));slurry(60 m^(3)/hm^(2))(G);SMS(10 t/hm^(2))+slurry(60 m^(3)/hm^(2));SMS(20 t/hm^(2))+slurry(40 m^(3)/hm^(2));SMS mushroom substrate(30 t/hm^(2))+slurry(20 m^(3)/hm^(2)).During each growing season all the mixtures were harvested three times.The fresh matter from each plot was weighted and a sample of 0.6 kg was taken for further analysis.In the experiment the content of both total protein and crude fibre was dependent on the type of fertilizer and on the type of mixture.Forage from the plots with 20 t/hm^(2) of mushroom substrate and 40 m^(3)/hm^(2) of slurry had the best nutritional value,with the highest amount of total protein.The contents of protein and crude fibre in the forage were more favourably affected by slurry than by spent mushroom substrate.Out of the mixtures from all plots,regardless of the type of fertilizer,the mixture consisting of Lolium perenne and Medicago x varia T.Martyn contained the highest content of protein.展开更多
Prunus mahaleb L.seeds are widely used in the baking industry as spice for flavouring.While achieving the mahaleb powder for commercial use in local companies,the seeds are sometimes mixed unintentionally with their k...Prunus mahaleb L.seeds are widely used in the baking industry as spice for flavouring.While achieving the mahaleb powder for commercial use in local companies,the seeds are sometimes mixed unintentionally with their kernels(stony shell)during sieving procedure.As the chemical and biological properties of the kernel of seeds are not well known,the kernel,seeds and the market sample obtained from a local supplier are decided to investigate individually.The antioxidant capacity and the trace element analyses of the seeds and kernels were performed by TEAC and CUPRAC assays and ICP-MS.The market sample was analysed for nutrient and oil composition.Fatty acid composition of the oil was determined with GC-FID and GC-MS methods.The chemical composition of the methanol extract of the seeds and kernels was studied by LC-MS/MS.Trace elements Mn,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn and Se were determined in the methanol extracts,ethyl acetate and water fractions.Mushroom tyrosinase enzyme inhibitions of 33 different extracts and fractions of various waste parts of the plant(kernel,fruit,twigs,flos,leaves)were investigated.The nutritional values showed that the market sample had high nutritious properties.The fatty acid content of the oil was found to be valuable in remedying dysfunctions of the body.Kernel ethylacetate fraction showed the highest tyrosinase enzyme inhibition.The role of copper element on enzyme activity was determined.The kernels are accepted as a waste material may also be evaluated as a good promising choice for food,cosmetic and drug industry.展开更多
Sea buckthorn(Hippophae rhamnoides L.)is a deciduous shrub with high nutritional and therapeutic value belonging to the family sea buckthorn,rich in oleic acid,protein,amino acids and potassium and other nutrients.Sea...Sea buckthorn(Hippophae rhamnoides L.)is a deciduous shrub with high nutritional and therapeutic value belonging to the family sea buckthorn,rich in oleic acid,protein,amino acids and potassium and other nutrients.Sea buckthorn can also treat heart diseases,lung diseases and other diseases.This review aims to sort out the traditional sea buckthorn food and modern sea buckthorn food,and provide important reference value for manufacturers to develop and utilize sea buckthorn.In addition,it also clarifies the nutritional value of sea buckthorn,so as to provide strong support for the comprehensive utilization of sea buckthorn fruit food and the production direction of health care industry.展开更多
文摘This study was carried out with the aim of investigating the effect of indigenous microorganism (IMO), effective (EM) and mineral fertilizers (NPK) on the yield and nutritional value of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) in Western Cameroon (Baboutcha-Fongam). The study was conducted during two consecutive years, using a completely randomized block design of 8 treatments repeated three times in each subblock. The sub-plots were enriched with 0, 10, 20 and 40 g corresponding to the treatment of EM and IMO respectively and 3.2 g of NPK in 2019. Subsequently, the best dose that resulted in excellent yields was repeated for the rest of the experiment in 2020. The yield parameters and nutritional value of the two varieties of Arachis hypogaea used in the two consecutive years increase with the contribution of the different doses compared to the control. Overall, a significant increase (p A. hypogaea plants fertilized with EM 20 g (2.15 ± 0.24 and 2.01 ± 0.23 t/ha) and plants fertilized with NPK 3.2 g (2.36 ± 0.65 and 2.04 ± 0.17 t/ha) was not significant. On the other hand, there was a significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) between plants fertilized with IMO 10 g (2.65 ± 0.17 and 2.24 ± 0.2 t/ha) and plants fertilized with EM 20 g and plants fertilized with NPK 3.2 g for both varieties during the two years combined. In addition to being local and therefore adapted to environmental conditions, IMOs could be a promising biological means for improving soil fertility in Cameroon.
基金Project (No. 30471255) supported by the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China
文摘The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of six individual strains of fungi on the reduction of gossypol levels and nutritional value during solid substrate fen＇aentation of cottonseed meal （CSM）. Six groups of disinfected CSM substrate were incubated for 48 h after inoculation with either of the fungi C. capsuligena ZD- 1, C. tropicalis ZD-3, S. cerevisae ZD-5, A. terricola ZD-6, A. oryzae ZD-7, or A. niger ZD-8. One not inoculated group （substrate） was used as a control. Levels of initial and final free gossypol （FG）, crude protein （CP）, amino acids （AA） and in vitro digestibility were assayed. The experiment was done in triplicate. The experimental results indicated that microbial fermentation could greatly decrease （P〈0.05） FG levels in CSM. The detoxification efficiency differed between the species of microorganisms applied. From the perspective of reducing CSM potential toxicity, C. tropicalis ZD-3 was most successful followed by S. cerevisae ZD-5 and A. niger ZD-8. They could reduce FG levels of CSM to 29.8, 63.07 and 81.50 mg/kg based on DM （dry matter）, respectively, and their detoxification rates were 94.57%, 88.51% and 85.16%, respectively. If crude protein, amino acids content and their in vitro digestibility were also taken into account, Aniger ZD-8 may be the best choice. The CP content of CSM substrate fermented by C. tropicalis ZD-3 and A. niger ZD-8 were improved by 10.76% and 22.24%; the TAA （total amino acids） contents were increased by 7.06% and 11.46%, and the EAA （essential amino acids） were raised by 7.77% and 12.64%, respectively. Especially, the levels of methionine, lysine and threonine were improved greatly （P〈0.05）. The in vitro CP digestibility of CSM fermented by C. tropicalis ZD-3 and A. niger ZD-8 was improved by 13.42% and 18.22%, the TAA were increased by 17.75% and 22.88%, and the EAA by 16.61% and 21.01%, respectively. In addition, the in vitro digestibility of methionine, lysine and threonine was also improved greatly （P〈0.05）.
基金granted by the Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System of China(CARS-36)Feed Biotechnology Project of Sichuan Province of China with grant number 2010GZ0193
文摘Background： Rapeseed cake is a good source of protein for animal feed but its utilization is limited due to the presence of anti-nutritional substances, such as glucosinolates （GIs）, phytic acid, tannins etc. In the present study, a solid state fermentation （SSF） using Aspergillus niger was carried out with the purpose of degrading glucosinolates and improving the nutritional quality of rapeseed cake （RSC）. The effects of medium composition and incubation conditions on the GIs content in fermented rapeseed cake （FRSC） were investigated, and chemical composition and amino acid in vitro digestibility of RSC substrate fermented under optimal conditions were determined. Results： After 72 h of incubation at 34℃, a 76.89% decrease in GIs of RSC was obtained in solid medium containing 70% RSC, 30% wheat bran at optimal moisture content 60% （w/w）. Compared to unfermented RSC, trichloroacetic acid soluble protein （TCA-SP）, crude protein and ether extract contents of the FRSC were increased （P〈 0.05） 103.71, 23.02 and 23.54%, respectively. As expected, the contents of NDF and phytic acid declined （P〈 0.05） by 9.12 and 44.60%, respectively. Total amino acids （TAA） and essential amino acids （EAA） contents as well as AA in vitro digestibility of FRSC were improved significantly （P 〈 0.05）. Moreover, the enzyme activity of endoglucanase, xylanase, acid protease and phytase were increased （P 〈 0.05） during SSF. Conclusions： Our results indicate that the solid state fermentation offers an effective approach to improving the quality of proteins sources such as rapeseed cake.
文摘To investigate the effect of low light （LL, 50% natural light） during grain filling （GF） stage on rice transamination, amino acid （AA） accumulation, nutritional value, and cooking quality in three different rice genotypes, transaminase activities and AA levels in grains during GF stage and the traits that significantly affected rice quality （physical appearance, cooking quality, and nutritional value） were analyzed. LL did not disturb transamination in rice grains during GF stage, as minimal impact was found on alanine and aspartate transaminase activities. Nevertheless, most AAs in caryopses, including lysine and threonine, increased in response to LL, except for sulfur-containing AAs. These results suggest that AA metabolism and accumulation in rice grains were rarely suppressed by LL during GF stage. Rice nutritional ingredients at harvest, such as major protein components including glutelin and most important essential amino acids （EAAs） including lysine and threonine, increased significantly in response to LL, whereas most protein and EAA ratios were rarely affected. However, LL markedly affected physical appearance of rice grains by reducing brown rice rate, milled rice rate, and 1000-grain weight and increasing the chalkiness rate. In addition, cooking qualities decreased in response to LL, while breakdown values and amylose levels decreased and setback values increased. We concluded that LL during GF stage decreased the cooking quality of rice, but could potentially improve the nutritional value of rice.
基金supported by research grants from Regionalt Forskningsfond (RFF) Trondelag (In FeedProject number: 309859),where Nord University is the project leading institution,and Gullimunn AS and Mære Landbruksskole are project partnerssupported by the CEER project (Project number: 2021/10345) funded by the Norwegian Agency for International Cooperation and Quality Enhancement in Higher Education (HK-dir) under the Norwegian Partnership Program for Global Academic Cooperation (NORPART ) with support from the Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research (MER)。
文摘Yellow mealworm larvae(YML;Tenebrio molitor) are considered as a valuable insect species for animal feed due to their high nutritional values and ability to grow under different substrates and rearing conditions. Advances in the understanding of entomophagy and animal nutrition over the past decades have propelled research areas toward testing multiple aspects of YML to exploit them better as animal feed sources. This review aims to summarize various approaches that could be exploited to maximize the nutritional values of YML as an animal feed ingredient. In addition, YML has the potential to be used as an antimicrobial or bioactive agent to improve animal health and immune function in production animals. The dynamics of the nutritional profile of YML can be influenced by multiple factors and should be taken into account when attempting to optimize the nutrient contents of YML as an animal feed ingredient. Specifically, the use of novel land-based and aquatic feeding resources, probiotics, and the exploitation of larval gut microbiomes as novel strategies can assist to maximize the nutritional potential of YML. Selection of relevant feed supplies, optimization of ambient conditions, the introduction of novel genetic selection procedures, and implementation of effective post-harvest processing may be required in the future to commercialize mealworm production. Furthermore, the use of appropriate agricultural practices and technological improvements within the mealworm production sector should be aimed at achieving both economic and environmental sustainability. The issues highlighted in this review could pave the way for future approaches to improve the nutritional value of YML.
基金National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD0900400 and 2019YFD0900200)National Natural Science Foundation of China for Outstanding Youth Science Foundation(31922086)+1 种基金the earmarked fund for CARS(CARS-45)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2019YFN0036).
文摘Background Muscle represents a unique and complex system with many components and comprises the major edible part of animals.Vitamin D is a critical nutrient for animals and is known to enhance calcium absorption and immune response.In recent years,dietary vitamin D supplementation in livestock has received increased attention due to biological responses including improving shear force in mammalian meat.However,the vitamin D acquisition and myofiber development processes in fish differ from those in mammals,and the effect of vitamin D on fish flesh quality is poorly understood.Here,the influence of dietary vitamin D on fillet quality,antioxidant ability,and myofiber development was examined in grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella).Methods A total of 540 healthy grass carp,with an initial average body weight of 257.24±0.63 g,were allotted in 6 experimental groups with 3 replicates each,and respectively fed corresponding diets with 15.2,364.3,782.5,1,167.9,1,573.8,and 1,980.1 IU/kg vitamin D for 70 d.Results Supplementation with 1,167.9 IU/kg vitamin D significantly improved nutritional value and sensory quality of fillets,enhancing crude protein,free amino acid,lipid,and collagen contents;maintaining an ideal pH;and reduc-ing lactate content,shear force,and cooking loss relative to respective values in the control(15.2 IU/kg)group.Average myofiber diameter and the frequency of myofibers>50μm in diameter increased under supplementation with 782.5–1,167.9 IU/kg vitamin D.Levels of oxidative damage biomarkers decreased,and the expression of antioxi-dant enzymes and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 signaling molecules was upregulated in the 1,167.9 IU/kg vitamin D treatment compared to respective values in the control group.Furthermore,vitamin D supplementation activated cell differentiation by enhancing the expression of myogenic regulatory factors and myocyte enhancer factors compared to that in the control group.In addition,supplementation with 1,167.9 IU/kg vitamin D improved protein deposition associated with protein synthesis molecule(target of rapamycin)signaling and vitamin D receptor paralogs,along with inhibition of protein degradation(forkhead box protein 1)signaling.Conclusions Overall,the results demonstrated that vitamin D strengthened antioxidant ability and myofiber devel-opment,thereby enhancing nutritional value and sensory quality of fish flesh.These findings suggest that dietary vitamin D supplementation is conducive to the production of nutrient-rich,high quality aquaculture products.
基金Supported by Researchers Supporting Project Number(RSP2024R410)King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Sprouts are ready-to-eat and are recognized worldwide as functional components of the human diet.Recent advances in innovative agricultural techniques could enable an increase in the production of healthy food.The use of light-emitting diode(LED)in indoor agricultural production could alter the biological feedback loop,increasing the functional benefits of plant foods such as wheat and lentil sprouts and promoting the bioavailability of nutrients.The effects of white(W),red(R),and blue(B)light were investigated on the growth parameters and nutritional value of wheat and lentil sprouts.In the laboratory,seeds were sown under three different LED treat-ments:white,red,and blue light,while normal incandescent light served as a control.Percentage seed germina-tion improved by 18.34%and 12.67%for wheat and 18.34%and 12.67%for lentil sprouts under LED treatments R and B,respectively.An increase in total soluble protein and sugar by 33.4%and 9.23%in wheat and by 31.5%and 5.87%in lentils was observed under the R LED treatment.Vitamin C concentrations in wheat and lentils were significantly increased by R LED compared to all other treatments.Other parameters,including potassium and sodium concentrations,were significantly increased under red and blue light compared to the control;white light,on the other hand,significantly decreased all these parameters.According to the experimental data,red and blue LED light could be beneficial in the production of functional wheat and lentil sprouts with high nutrient concentrations.
基金Supported by 948 Program of State Forestry Administration"Vegetation Restoration Material Lippia nodiflorav for Rock Desertification Area in Gorge and Introduction of Its Cultivation and Breeding Technology"(2009-2012)Chongqing Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Area Forest Ecological Protectionand Restoration(CSTC,2007CA1001)
文摘To analyze the nutritional value as feed,the aerial stem and leaves of Lippia nodiflora( L.) Greene and Phyla nodiflora( L.) Greene were sampled to measure the nutritional indices. The nutritional indices were also compared with common forage grass,and the development value of L. nodiflora as feed was analyzed. Compared with P. nodiflora,L. nodiflora had obvious fast-growing and high-yield abilities. The contents of crude fat,crude fiber,crude ash,lysine,vitamin C,Ca,and Fe in L. nodiflora were obviously higher than that in P. nodiflora,but the content of crude protein and total P in L. nodiflora were significantly lower than that in P. nodiflora. Compared with common forage feed ryegrass,alfalfa,millet straw and corn straw,L. nodiflora had higher contents of crude fat and crude ash and lower contents of crude fiber and crude protein. Therefore,L. nodiflora had higher development value as feed.
文摘Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are widely grown in Cameroon and play a key role in the fight against food insecurity, malnutrition and poverty. However, its cultivation encounters problems due to abiotic and biotic stresses, which leads to the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, which cause significant damage to the environment and human health due to the presence of synthetics residues in the seeds, pods and in the leaves that are eaten. Promoting the use of natural products is becoming a necessity for organic and eco-responsible agriculture that limits contamination problems and improves people’s purchasing power. This study aims to assess the effect of biostimulants based on natural products on the growth and nutritional value of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Bean seedlings from white variety (MEX-142) and red variety (DOR-701) were treated every seven days in the field from their pre-emergence, emergence and growth to their maturation under a randomized block experimental design. Six treatments and three repetitions with the biostimulants based on natural products and controls were thus performed and the agromorphological parameters were measured. After 120 days, the contents of growth biomarkers and defense-related enzymes were evaluated in leaves, while the contents of macromolecules, minerals and antinutrients were evaluated in seeds. These biostimulants significantly increased (P P < 0.0001) of antinutrients including oxalates, phytates, tannins and saponins in seeds compared to controls (T+ and T−). Treatment with biostimulants, in particular BS4, improves the performance of bean plants in the field as well as the biofortification of seeds regardless of the variety.
文摘The date palm (<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Phoenix dactylifera</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></i></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L.) is one of the oldest primary staple crops in Southwest Asia and North Africa. Date palms are also grown in Australia, Mexico, South America, Southern Africa, and the United States, especially in Southern California, Arizona, and Texas. Date fruit is a high nutritional value food that is rich in carbohydrates, dietary fibers, proteins, minerals and vitamin B complex such as thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), pantothenic (B5), pyridoxine (B6), and folate (B9). Carbohydrates comprise 70% of date fruit mainly as fructose and glucose. Minerals in date fruits are calcium, iron, magnesium, selenium, copper, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, sulfur, cobalt, fluorine, and manganese. Date fruits are highly nourishing and may thus confer numerous potential health benefits. In recent years, a huge interest in the abundant health promoting properties of date fruits has led to the need to develop new food products using dates as a source of nutrients. Thus, the aim of this paper is to review the nutritional value of date fruits in the context of the potential use of dates in nutrition bars for athletes.</span>
文摘In this paper, the author aimed to determine the nutritional value of soursop (Annona muricata L. fruit) consumed in Kinshasa as well as the study of the acute toxicity of its seeds. The fruit of Annona muricata L. was sampled according to the ISO 7002 standard for agricultural and food products. The selected fruits were ripe, without physical damage. The usual analytical methods allowed the determination of the nutritional value of the fruit pulp of Annona muricata L. The water content was measured by the method of loss of mass on drying. The total amount of ash was determined by incineration in the oven at 550°C. The mineral elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP0). The determination of acute toxicity was carried out on 25 female mice of the NMRI SUISSE species according to OECD 425 guidelines. For 100 grams of fresh material from the fruit pulp, we noted a very high water content of 84% ± 6%. We also note a particularly high amount of carbohydrates with a rate of 12.2% ± 2%. Protein and lipid content were relatively low at 1% ± 0.01% and 0.7% ± 0.3% respectively. The dietary fiber content was 0.8% ± 0.2%. An energy value of 49.3 Kcal per 100 grams of pulp was determined. The LD 50 obtained was 3320 mg/kg, indicating slight toxicity of soursop seeds. The results of this study show that the white pulp of the fruit of Annona muricata L. consumed in Kinshasa is rich in carbohydrates when we compare it to others biomolecules. It also contains dietary fiber and mineral salts making soursop an excellent constituent of a weight loss diet with a low energy intake.
文摘The aim of the study was to determine the best food absorbents between wheat, rice and maize bran and palm kernel cake, from a technical and economic point of view, in order to make a better recommandation for their use in the production process of food based on mango by-products (peels, peels + pulp). To this end, series of 18 kg of fresh feed were prepared and spread out in a stall for sun-drying using a randomized Fisher system. Preparations were made using either mango peels (75%) + absorbent (25%) or pulp + mango peels (67%) + sorbent (33%). The results show that mango Peel feed loses more water (WL) with lover production yields (PY), higher mango incorporation rates into dry feed (MRI), longer drying times (UDT) and lower production costs (CPkgPD) than mango peel + pulp. The average DM, MAT, ADF and NDF fiber contents were almost equal to those of mango peels + pulp feed. The average Crude Fiber (CF) (25.13%) and DEp (2839 kcal/kgDM) contents were higher for mango skin feed than for mango skin + pulp feed, at 8.59% and 2536 for MAT and DEp respectively. Mango peels + wheat bran (PSB25) and whole mango (MESB33) feeds recorded the highest and almost equal levels of TCP, NDF and MM. Production costs per kg of feed dry mater (CPkgDM) for feed produced at 25% were on average 33% higher than for whole mango (WM) feed. Excluding mango raw material, palm kernel meal (PK), rice bran (RB), maize bran (MB) and wheat bran (WB) can be ranked 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th in terms of cumulative performance of production parameters. Producers can then choose the type of sorbent they wish to use according to this ranking and the local availability of the sorbent. These feeds can be used for both ruminants and monogastrics, but are better suited to ruminant feeding due to their high fiber content.
文摘Our study investigated the effect of utiliz</span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">ing</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> chicken</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">wings and dehydrated shellfish to produce chicken nuggets rich in protein, minerals and vitamins.</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">The proximate composition, nutritional value, physical and sensorial properties were evaluated. The different</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">ly</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> prepared chicken nuggets </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">were </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">supplemented with dehydrated shellfish CN</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">0%, CN</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">2%, CN</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">4% and CN</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">6%. There was </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">a </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">significantly reduction </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">in </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">moisture and </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">an </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">increasing in protein content (<i>P</i> < 0.05) in all Chicken Nuggets (CN) in comparison to the control. Fat content was significantly higher in CN</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">0% than CN</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">2%, CN</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">4% and CN</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">6%. Ash content was increasing with added dehydrated shellfish, while </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">the </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">reduction in carbohydrates and total calories of the different chicken nuggets were noticed with </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">the </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">significant gradual rise in pH values, TBA values showed no significant difference (<i>P</i> < 0.05) between chicken nuggets. Results showed that using dehydrated shellfish in preparing chicken nuggets caused a marked rise in its content of Ca, Fe, Na, K, Zn, Mg and Mn levels, CN</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">0% had the lowest concentration of all minerals, and had lower value</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">s</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> of vitamins A, E and D but CN</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">6% had higher value</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">s</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> of vitamins A, E and D. Control Nuggets (CN</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">0%) had the lowest value of yellowness and highest value of lightness but CN</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">6% had </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">the </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">highest value of yellowness and, </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">the </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">lowest value of lightness. </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">The </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">redness had </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">a </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">slightly reduction. All samples showed slight changes in</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess and chewiness were noticed. </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">An </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">increase in WHC, pick-up, and cooking loss of chicken nuggets with dehydrated shellfish was noticed. Panelists accepted all prepared chicken nuggets and the chicken nuggets CN</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">4% had </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">the </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">highest score compared with other chicken nuggets prepared.
文摘Attiéké is an essentially flavour starchy food produced from fermented cassava root. The product is widely consumed in Burkina Faso. The objective of the present study was to investigate the biochemical and the microbiological characteristics of attiéké from Burkina Faso. The samples (36) were collected from six (6) producers. Cassava dough which is used for attiéké production contains from 70.67% ± 0.25% to 86.02% ± 0.2% as starch. The undesirable organic elements rate is about 1.28% ± 0.14% to 26.46% ± 0.53%. The inorganic impurities rate is about 0 to 7 ± 0.1 mg/100g. Cassava dough acidity varies from 1.8 ± 0.2 to 12.4 ± 0.1;and its pH from 3.48 ± 0.01 to 4.20 ± 0.01. Lactic bacteria are the main microorganisms involved in cassava dough fermentation (5.17 to 9.30 log cfu/g). Yeasts and molds number is low (<6.53 log cfu/g). Attiéké moister is about 50.6% ± 0.00% to 55.12% ± 0.7% and its protein contents from 0.77 to 1.74 ± 0.13 g/100g. The content in lipid of attiéké shows an important variation and is about 0.15 to 3.28 ± 0.32 g/100g. Carbohydrates content varies from 36.6 ± 0.04 to 47.01 ± 0.1 g/100g and its ashes content is from 140 to 780 ± 20 mg/100g. Attiéké acidity and pH are less weak than cassava dough. They vary respectively from 0.92% ± 0.05% to 4.08% ± 0.57% and from 3.7 to 4.4 ± 0.01. As a main energizer food, attiéké energizing value is from 161.95 to 215.26 Kcal/100g. All the attiéké analyzed was exempt of aflatoxin (B1, B2, G1, G2) and ochratoxin A. The local attiéké has higher acidity, fermented bacteria load, protein and minerals salt than the imported one. The process mastery is the mainly factor that determines nutritional and sanitary quality of attiéké.
基金Supported by the Tropical Forage Grass Germplasm Conservation Project of Ministry of Agriculture(2011BAD17B01-01-5)Modern Agriculture Talent Support Program(No.PZS083)Tropical Crops Germplasm Conservation Project(12RZZY-09)
文摘The contents of dry matter, crude fat, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, crude ash, Ca and P in 43 Saccharum spontaneum L.germplasms during the vegetative period were determined. Among them, the crude protein, crude fat, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, P and Ca contents were treated as the judging indicators. The nutritional value evaluation was carried out with the analytic hierarchy process(AHP). The results showed A49(Guangxi)had the highest nutritional value. Its dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash,neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, Ca and P contents were 32.35%,7.20%, 4.06%, 8.07%, 75.81%, 50.72%, 0.23% and 0.16% respectively. While A3(Guangdong) had the lowest nutritional value. Its dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, Ca and P contents were32.24%, 4.62%, 0.51%, 6.38%, 46.40%, 40.02%, 0.15% and 0.09% respectively.The crude protein content differed significantly among different germplasms. A48 had the highest crude protein content(9.11%), and A14 had the lowest crude protein content(3.72%). Based on the evaluation results, the 43 Saccharum spontaneum L.germplasms were divided into 3 groups: high-nutritional value type, moderate-nutritional value type and low-nutritional value type. We hoped to provide a theoretical reference for the application of Saccharum spontaneum L. as a forage grass.
文摘This paper reviews results of some morphometric properties and chemical analyses of natural populations of the Cornelian cherry collected in the Vojvodina Province in 2008. Purpose of this study was the selection of the best genotypes for future breeding program until the final goal and that is standardizing Cornelian cherry cultivars. Chemical content has been found to depend on the genotype. Total sugar content in fruits ranged from 11.77% （CPC16） to 41.62% （BPC7）, vitamin C from 17.15 mg/100 g （APC8） to 42.30 rag/100 g of fresh fruit （APC2）, Ca pectat from 0.17% （APC6） to 2.52% （KC 1 ） and anthocyanin from 22.65 mg/100 g （APC4）to 96.30 rag/100 g of fresh fruit （BPC1）. Cornelian cherry fruits have an especially high content of minerals compared with other fruit species： the potassium content （in ppm） ranges from 2330 （APC6） to 11487 （APC4）, the calcium content from 33.80 （APC6） to 1307.70 （BPC1）, the sodium content from 22.82 （BPC8） to 273.48 （APC8）, the magnesium content from 10.20 （APC6） to 372.80 （APC8） and the iron content from 2.38 （KC2） to 14.40 （APCS）. The balanced content of nutrients, a wide range of food products made from the Cornelian cherry and an extremely high nutritional value make this fruit species a highly recommendable food item, especially if it comes from organic production.
基金supported by Sichuan Province Major Science and Technology Special Projects(2021ZDZX0009)the Sichuan Pig Innovation Team of National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System of China(scsztd-2024-08-11).
文摘Deoxynivalenol(DON)negatively affects the growth of piglets.Electron beam irradiation(EBI)has the potential to reduce the DON content in feeds.However,the quantitative effects of DON contamination and EBI on the nutritional value of corn remain unclear,as does the impact of this corn on piglet feeding.These experiments explored the effect of DON contamination and EBI treatment on the nutritional value of corn and the feeding effects of this corn on piglets.In Exp.1,40 piglets(initial weight:14.88±1.92 kg)were allotted to five experimental diets with eight replicates per diet.Five diets included four types of corn diets:normal corn(NC),DON-contaminated corn(DON-C),EBI-treated NC(EBI-NC),and EBI-treated DON-C(EBI-DON-C),and a nitrogen-free diet formulated to determine the basal endogenous loss of amino acids.In Exp.2,56 piglets(initial weight:7.58±0.35 kg)were randomly allocated to treatments arranged in a 2×2 factorial arrangement,with two types of corn(NC vs.DON-C)and two corn treatments(without EBI vs.EBI).There were four diets and seven replicate pens per diet,with two pigs per pen.The study found that both DON contamination and EBI treatment decreased the effective energy value of corn(P<0.05),and EBI treatment also decreased the standardized ileal digestibility(SID)of most amino acids(P<0.05),whereas DON contamination had no negative effect on the SID of amino acids(Exp.1).In Exp.2,EBI-treated corn(EBI-C)increased the average daily gain(P=0.001)and average daily feed intake(P<0.001),while increased feed conversion ratio(FCR)(P<0.001)and decreased nutrient digestibility(P<0.05).DON-C had a positive impact on FCR(P=0.005).Neither EBI-C nor DON-C affected serum biochemical parameters(P>0.05).However,DON-C may induce oxidative stress,impair immune function,and disrupt intestinal barrier.In conclusion,EBI reduced the DON content of DON-C,while impacted the nutritional value of corn.Furthermore,DON-C reduced the antioxidant capacity and immune function of piglets to some extent,although it did not affect their growth performance.
基金The research carried out under the theme No 357/13/S was financially supported by the science grant of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education.
文摘The paper aimed to evaluate fertilizing effects of spent mushroom substrate(SMS)and slurry on dry matter productivity and value of legume-grass mixtures.The experiment was replicated three times,with a split-plot arrangement and plots of 3 m^(3) as experimental units.These species were grown as three legume-grass mixtures:M1-Dactylis glomerata,Lolium perenne,Medicago x varia T.Martyn;M2-Dactylis glomerata,Medicago x varia T.Martyn;M3-Lolium perenne,Medicago x varia T.Martyn.The experiment consisted of the following units:control(no fertilization);SMS(30 t/hm^(2));slurry(60 m^(3)/hm^(2))(G);SMS(10 t/hm^(2))+slurry(60 m^(3)/hm^(2));SMS(20 t/hm^(2))+slurry(40 m^(3)/hm^(2));SMS mushroom substrate(30 t/hm^(2))+slurry(20 m^(3)/hm^(2)).During each growing season all the mixtures were harvested three times.The fresh matter from each plot was weighted and a sample of 0.6 kg was taken for further analysis.In the experiment the content of both total protein and crude fibre was dependent on the type of fertilizer and on the type of mixture.Forage from the plots with 20 t/hm^(2) of mushroom substrate and 40 m^(3)/hm^(2) of slurry had the best nutritional value,with the highest amount of total protein.The contents of protein and crude fibre in the forage were more favourably affected by slurry than by spent mushroom substrate.Out of the mixtures from all plots,regardless of the type of fertilizer,the mixture consisting of Lolium perenne and Medicago x varia T.Martyn contained the highest content of protein.
文摘Prunus mahaleb L.seeds are widely used in the baking industry as spice for flavouring.While achieving the mahaleb powder for commercial use in local companies,the seeds are sometimes mixed unintentionally with their kernels(stony shell)during sieving procedure.As the chemical and biological properties of the kernel of seeds are not well known,the kernel,seeds and the market sample obtained from a local supplier are decided to investigate individually.The antioxidant capacity and the trace element analyses of the seeds and kernels were performed by TEAC and CUPRAC assays and ICP-MS.The market sample was analysed for nutrient and oil composition.Fatty acid composition of the oil was determined with GC-FID and GC-MS methods.The chemical composition of the methanol extract of the seeds and kernels was studied by LC-MS/MS.Trace elements Mn,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn and Se were determined in the methanol extracts,ethyl acetate and water fractions.Mushroom tyrosinase enzyme inhibitions of 33 different extracts and fractions of various waste parts of the plant(kernel,fruit,twigs,flos,leaves)were investigated.The nutritional values showed that the market sample had high nutritious properties.The fatty acid content of the oil was found to be valuable in remedying dysfunctions of the body.Kernel ethylacetate fraction showed the highest tyrosinase enzyme inhibition.The role of copper element on enzyme activity was determined.The kernels are accepted as a waste material may also be evaluated as a good promising choice for food,cosmetic and drug industry.
基金This project was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFE0190100)Science and Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Programme(2018FY100702)Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Chinese Medicine(Mongolian Medicine)Young and Middle aged Leading Talents Cultivation Project 2022-[RC001].
文摘Sea buckthorn(Hippophae rhamnoides L.)is a deciduous shrub with high nutritional and therapeutic value belonging to the family sea buckthorn,rich in oleic acid,protein,amino acids and potassium and other nutrients.Sea buckthorn can also treat heart diseases,lung diseases and other diseases.This review aims to sort out the traditional sea buckthorn food and modern sea buckthorn food,and provide important reference value for manufacturers to develop and utilize sea buckthorn.In addition,it also clarifies the nutritional value of sea buckthorn,so as to provide strong support for the comprehensive utilization of sea buckthorn fruit food and the production direction of health care industry.
