Marine animal polysaccharides represent some of the most crucial and effective active compounds found within these creatures.They have garnered significant attention due to their distinct structural traits and diverse...Marine animal polysaccharides represent some of the most crucial and effective active compounds found within these creatures.They have garnered significant attention due to their distinct structural traits and diverse biological activities,including anti-obesity,anti-enteritis,antioxidant,anti-diabetic,and anti-coagulant properties.An increasing number of novel active polysaccharides with unique structures and effects have been isolated from marine animals.These compounds hold promise as a new resource for enhancing human health and addressing various diseases.Consequently,our review aims to consolidate the latest discoveries regarding the characteristics of marine animal polysaccharides,the factors influencing their diverse nutritional functions,and the mechanisms underlying their actions.The goal is to offer insights for exploiting and utilizing marine animal polysaccharide resources,laying a scientific foundation for comprehensive research into organism health and balanced dietary practices.展开更多
[Objective] This study was to explore the effect of purple yam on the nutritional and physiological functions of rats.[Method] Forty SD rats were randomly divided into four groups with ten rats in each group which wer...[Objective] This study was to explore the effect of purple yam on the nutritional and physiological functions of rats.[Method] Forty SD rats were randomly divided into four groups with ten rats in each group which were reared with artificial semisynthetic feed added with 10% steamed yam powder.The four groups,the casein（CK） group which was used as the control,the purple yam（PY） group,the Tiegun yam（TY） group and common Huai yam（HY） group,were supplied with feed of equal content of energy,protein and fat.The rats were pair-fed for 56 days to observe changes of relevant nutritional and physiological indices.[Result] There were no significant differences of body weight,food conversion rate and organ indices between rats in PY group and CK group.Mean corpuscular hemoglobin in PY group was significantly lower than that in CK group;hemoglobin showed no significant difference with that in CK group;eosnophils was lower than that in CK group.Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol,total cholesterol and atherogenic index in PY group were lower than that in the other three groups;anti-atherogenic index was the highest among the four groups,while showing no significant difference;triglyceride content was lower than that in CK group.Among the antioxidant indices,the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase were higher than that in CK group,while malondialdehyde content was lower than that in CK group.[Conclusion] Purple yam showed the trend of reducing the content of blood glucose,total cholesterol,low density lipoprotein-cholesterol,triglyceride,malondialdehyde,and raising the activity of glutathione peroxidase,superoxide dismutase and catalase,thus having certain antioxidative function.展开更多
BACKGROUND Malnutrition exacerbates the deterioration in patients with advanced gas-trointestinal tumors.AIM To analyze the effect of enteral nutritional support based on Nutrition Risk Screening 2002(NRS2002)risk ass...BACKGROUND Malnutrition exacerbates the deterioration in patients with advanced gas-trointestinal tumors.AIM To analyze the effect of enteral nutritional support based on Nutrition Risk Screening 2002(NRS2002)risk assessment on nutritional function in patients with gastrointestinal tumors.METHODS One hundred twelve patients from April 2022 to April 2024 were included for observation and were divided into a control group and an observation group by random number method,56 each.Both groups received treatment for four consecutive weeks.The control group received routine enteral nutrition support,while the observation group received enteral nutrition support based on the NRS2002 risk assessment.Nutritional function,intestinal mucosal barrier function,quality of life,and complication rate were compared between the two groups.Statistical analysis was completed using SPSS26.0 and Excel.RESULTS After nutritional intervention,transferrin,albumin,hemoglobin,and diamine oxidase levels in the observation group were higher than those in the control group,while C-reactive protein,tumor necrosis factorα,and quality of life scores were lower,with significant differences(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in complications between groups(P>0.05),but the complication rate was lower in the observation group.CONCLUSION Enteral nutritional support based on NRS2002 risk assessment for patients with gastrointestinal tumors positively impacts nutritional status and promotes intestinal mucosal barrier function recovery.Patients’quality of life improved,and the incidence of adverse reactions decreased,indicating clinical promotion and application value.展开更多
Cancer remains a significant challenge to public health worldwide and ranks among the leading contributors to mortality in diverse populations.This persistent impact underscores the need for proactive approaches to red...Cancer remains a significant challenge to public health worldwide and ranks among the leading contributors to mortality in diverse populations.This persistent impact underscores the need for proactive approaches to reduce its incidence.Chemoprevention focuses on interrupting tumor development through naturally occurring compounds,particularly plant-derived bioactive com-pounds.These phytochemicals exert protective effects by modulating key molecular pathways and enhancing detoxification.Of particular interest are those that regulate phase I and II enzymes,facilitating carcinogen elimination and mitigating cellular damage associated with cancer progression.This review examines phytochemicals from plant-derived functional foods that enhance detoxification pathways for cancer prevention,summarizing current evidence and future directions for their clinical application and dietary integration.Emphasis is placed on specific bioactive constituents,such as sulforaphane from cruciferous vegetables,organosulfur compounds in garlic,betanin from beetroot,a spectrum of citrus fruitflavonoids includingβ-cryptoxanthin,hesperidin,and nobiletin,epigallocatechin-3-gallate from green tea,and curcumin derived from turmeric.These naturally occurring compounds regulate enzymatic pathways involved in xenobiotic metabolism,underscoring their relevance in nutritional oncology.Findings from diverse experimental models show they inhibit phase I enzymes,induce phase II detox enzymes,activate the Nrf2 signaling pathway,and modulate gene expression epigenetically.Collectively,these multifaceted actions contribute to their protective role against carcinogenesis.Although natural approaches show promise for cancer prevention,they face challenges related to bioavailability,standardization,and clinical validation,necessitating further research for effective integration into evidence-based oncology.展开更多
The ecological concept of Plant Functional Types（PFTs）, which refers to the assemblage of plants with certain functional traits, has been introduced for the study of plant responses to the environment change and hum...The ecological concept of Plant Functional Types（PFTs）, which refers to the assemblage of plants with certain functional traits, has been introduced for the study of plant responses to the environment change and human disturbance. Taking the alpine meadow community in the Zoigê Plateau as a study case, this paper classified PFTs in terms of plant nutrition traits. The sequential results are as follows.（1） The main herbages in the Zoigê Plateau included 16 species in 5 families. Among the five families, Cyperaceae vegetation accounted for 81.37%of herbage area in total, while the remaining 4families occupied less than 20%. As for the species,Kobresia setchwanensis Hand.-Maizz. was dominant,accounting for 48.74% of the total area; while the remaining 51.26% was comprised of Polygonum viviparum L., Anaphalis fiavescens Hand.-Mazz.,Stipa aliena Keng and other species.（2） By using the Principal Component Analysis（PCA）, the assessment of herbages nutrition was carried out based on the comprehensive multi-index evaluation model.Polygonum viviparum L. had the highest nutritional value score（1.43）, and Stipa aliena Keng had the lowest（-1.40）. Nutritional value of herbage species had a significantly positive correlation with altitude（P＆lt;0.01） in the Zoigê Plateau.（3） Based on the nutritional values, herbages in the Zoigê Plateau could be grouped into 3 nutrition PFTs（high, medium and low） by using the Natural Breaks（Jenks） method.展开更多
Medicinal plants are acknowledged as vital resources for human health,given their therapeutic efficacy in addressing numerous diseases.Due to their antioxidant,antimicrobial,antitumor,and anti-inflammatory properties,...Medicinal plants are acknowledged as vital resources for human health,given their therapeutic efficacy in addressing numerous diseases.Due to their antioxidant,antimicrobial,antitumor,and anti-inflammatory properties,medicinal plants find extensive use in food,beverages,pharmaceuticals,cosmetics,animal feed,and other industries.Medicinal plants are the primary source of the richest bio-resources for drugs in both traditional and modern medical systems.Statistics indicate that around 45,000 plants are utilized for medicinal purposes,providing a rich reservoir for discovering active ingredients and novel drugs.Medicinal plants may be utilized in raw or processed form.Effective processing techniques can maximize their nutraceutical and therapeutic potential and are vital for fully valorizing these potential natural resources.Fermentation,a highly traditional,natural,and cost-effective process and a pioneer in modern biotechnology,presents a promising strategy to enhance the nutritional,bioactive,and health potential of medicinal plants.Therefore,the purpose of this comprehensive review is to highlight recent advances in the effects of fermentation on nutritional/functional characteristics,phytochemical properties,therapeutic effects,antimicrobial activity,and flavor profile of medicinal plants.Furthermore,it presents the fermentation effect as an emerging extraction technology for bioactive compounds and a promising tool for the reclamation of medicinal plant waste and residues.The application of fermented medicinal plants in animal feed is also discussed.In conclusion,this bioprocessing turns raw medicinal plants and their waste into promising functional ingredients for food,beverage,pharmaceutical,cosmetic,and feed industries that promote health and well-being.展开更多
Early life is a critical period for metabolic and immune development,during which nutritional inputs may in-fluence physiological maturation beyond basic nutrient supply.This study evaluated a milk-based nutritional f...Early life is a critical period for metabolic and immune development,during which nutritional inputs may in-fluence physiological maturation beyond basic nutrient supply.This study evaluated a milk-based nutritional formulation as an early-life intervention in lambs.The study further examined associations with microbial fermentation,systemic metabolism,immune responses,growth performance,and maternal physiological re-sponses.Synthetic milk supplementation resulted in body weight gain and average daily gain in lambs,together with elevated circulating growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 levels.Immune indicators,including IgA and IgM,were increased,while pro-inflammatory cytokines were reduced.Supplemented lambs also exhibited higher serum vitamin D3 concentrations and a tendency toward increased calcium levels.At the mi-crobial level,supplementation altered rumen fermentation profiles,characterized by increased acetate and butyrate concentrations and enhanced activities of microbial-associated digestive enzymes,accompanied by shifts in several fermentation-related bacterial genera.Plasma metabolomic analysis revealed alterations in pathways related to amino acid metabolism,mineral absorption,and protein digestion and absorption.In addition,offspring-directed supplementation accompanied by in maternal body condition,immune indices,and plasma metabolic pathways linked to energy metabolism.Overall,these findings indicate that early-life milk-based nutritional supplementation is associated with coordinated microbial,metabolic,and immune responses in lambs and may influence physiological status within the maternal-offspring unit,supporting further investiga-tion of early-life nutritional strategies in food bioscience.展开更多
Objective A commercially available reference product was“re-engineered”and the target emulsion was formulated to contain the same energy density,as well as the same percentage of energy sources,as the reference prod...Objective A commercially available reference product was“re-engineered”and the target emulsion was formulated to contain the same energy density,as well as the same percentage of energy sources,as the reference product.The particle size and distribution,polydispersity index(PDI),and zeta-potential of emulsions were measured as indices to analyse the quality of the emulsions.Methods The centrifugal stability(Ke)was examined as the main measure of the stability of the target emulsion.Critical parameters affecting the stability of emulsions were also determined,while the temperature was fixed at 30℃,shear speed at 3500 r/min,and shear time was 15 min.The optimal quantity of emulsifier was also studied in the crude homogenate.Results A relatively stable emulsion could be obtained by using PC-50 at a dosage of 2%as the emulsifier.A 2∶1 proportion of whey protein to casein,a 1∶1 proportion of maltodextrin(DE 10-15)to maltodextrin(DE 15-20)and medium chain triglyceride(MCT)in powder form were used to obtain the most desirable emulsion.Conclusion This study explored the critical parameters that influence the stability of a total nutrition enteral emulsion designed for cancer patients,providing useful information for further industrialisation of this and other emulsion products.展开更多
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different storage temperatures(4℃,25℃ and 45℃,denoted as T-4,T-25 and T-45,respectively)on the physical stability and protein-lipid co-oxidation of whey protei...The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different storage temperatures(4℃,25℃ and 45℃,denoted as T-4,T-25 and T-45,respectively)on the physical stability and protein-lipid co-oxidation of whey protein functional emulsions during the storage period at storage times of 1,2,3 and 6 months.At the 6th month of storage,samples stored at 45℃ were less physically stable than samples stored at 4℃,as evidenced by an increase in particle size(5.50%),a decrease in zeta potential(7.93%),and a decrease in adsorbed protein concentration(36.8%).The most severe protein-lipid co-oxidation was induced in whey protein functional emulsions under 45℃ temperature conditions with increasing storage time.Protein oxidation products(carbonyls,N′-formyl-L-kynurenine,and sulfhydryl groups)and lipid oxidation products(lipid hydroperoxides,thiobarbituric acid reactive substances)were at their highest levels,and significant molecular changes were observed in the molecules of adsorbed protein or unadsorbed proteins.As the storage temperature rises it exposes the active sites such as internal sulfhydryl and hydrophobic groups in the protein,promoting cross-linking and aggregation.Cluster and correlation analyses showed that protein-lipid co-oxidation of emulsions inevitably occurs during storage,but low-temperature storage can delay this process.This study is of guiding significance for the quality maintenance of functional nutritional emulsions and the selection of storage conditions.In addition,this study may provide clearer solutions to the problems of whey protein denaturation and formation of lipid oxides caused by protein-lipid co-oxidation in the food industry,as well as to the problem of increasing the shelf life of products by choosing the appropriate storage,packaging,and transportation temperatures.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[NO.32302093]Liaoning Provincial Education Department Basic Research Project[NO.LJKQZ20222401]+3 种基金Liaoning Provincial Natural Science Foundation Program Project[NO.2022-BS-275]Key Science and Technology Program of Liaoning Province[NO.2020JH1/10200001]Liaoning Provincial Education Department Key Tackling Project[NO.LJKZZ20220090]the Central Government Subsidy Project for Liaoning Fisheries(2023)[No grant number].
文摘Marine animal polysaccharides represent some of the most crucial and effective active compounds found within these creatures.They have garnered significant attention due to their distinct structural traits and diverse biological activities,including anti-obesity,anti-enteritis,antioxidant,anti-diabetic,and anti-coagulant properties.An increasing number of novel active polysaccharides with unique structures and effects have been isolated from marine animals.These compounds hold promise as a new resource for enhancing human health and addressing various diseases.Consequently,our review aims to consolidate the latest discoveries regarding the characteristics of marine animal polysaccharides,the factors influencing their diverse nutritional functions,and the mechanisms underlying their actions.The goal is to offer insights for exploiting and utilizing marine animal polysaccharide resources,laying a scientific foundation for comprehensive research into organism health and balanced dietary practices.
基金Supported by the Special Fund for Construction of Scientific and Technological Innovation Ability of BAAFS(KJCX201101010-22)~~
文摘[Objective] This study was to explore the effect of purple yam on the nutritional and physiological functions of rats.[Method] Forty SD rats were randomly divided into four groups with ten rats in each group which were reared with artificial semisynthetic feed added with 10% steamed yam powder.The four groups,the casein（CK） group which was used as the control,the purple yam（PY） group,the Tiegun yam（TY） group and common Huai yam（HY） group,were supplied with feed of equal content of energy,protein and fat.The rats were pair-fed for 56 days to observe changes of relevant nutritional and physiological indices.[Result] There were no significant differences of body weight,food conversion rate and organ indices between rats in PY group and CK group.Mean corpuscular hemoglobin in PY group was significantly lower than that in CK group;hemoglobin showed no significant difference with that in CK group;eosnophils was lower than that in CK group.Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol,total cholesterol and atherogenic index in PY group were lower than that in the other three groups;anti-atherogenic index was the highest among the four groups,while showing no significant difference;triglyceride content was lower than that in CK group.Among the antioxidant indices,the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase were higher than that in CK group,while malondialdehyde content was lower than that in CK group.[Conclusion] Purple yam showed the trend of reducing the content of blood glucose,total cholesterol,low density lipoprotein-cholesterol,triglyceride,malondialdehyde,and raising the activity of glutathione peroxidase,superoxide dismutase and catalase,thus having certain antioxidative function.
文摘BACKGROUND Malnutrition exacerbates the deterioration in patients with advanced gas-trointestinal tumors.AIM To analyze the effect of enteral nutritional support based on Nutrition Risk Screening 2002(NRS2002)risk assessment on nutritional function in patients with gastrointestinal tumors.METHODS One hundred twelve patients from April 2022 to April 2024 were included for observation and were divided into a control group and an observation group by random number method,56 each.Both groups received treatment for four consecutive weeks.The control group received routine enteral nutrition support,while the observation group received enteral nutrition support based on the NRS2002 risk assessment.Nutritional function,intestinal mucosal barrier function,quality of life,and complication rate were compared between the two groups.Statistical analysis was completed using SPSS26.0 and Excel.RESULTS After nutritional intervention,transferrin,albumin,hemoglobin,and diamine oxidase levels in the observation group were higher than those in the control group,while C-reactive protein,tumor necrosis factorα,and quality of life scores were lower,with significant differences(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in complications between groups(P>0.05),but the complication rate was lower in the observation group.CONCLUSION Enteral nutritional support based on NRS2002 risk assessment for patients with gastrointestinal tumors positively impacts nutritional status and promotes intestinal mucosal barrier function recovery.Patients’quality of life improved,and the incidence of adverse reactions decreased,indicating clinical promotion and application value.
文摘Cancer remains a significant challenge to public health worldwide and ranks among the leading contributors to mortality in diverse populations.This persistent impact underscores the need for proactive approaches to reduce its incidence.Chemoprevention focuses on interrupting tumor development through naturally occurring compounds,particularly plant-derived bioactive com-pounds.These phytochemicals exert protective effects by modulating key molecular pathways and enhancing detoxification.Of particular interest are those that regulate phase I and II enzymes,facilitating carcinogen elimination and mitigating cellular damage associated with cancer progression.This review examines phytochemicals from plant-derived functional foods that enhance detoxification pathways for cancer prevention,summarizing current evidence and future directions for their clinical application and dietary integration.Emphasis is placed on specific bioactive constituents,such as sulforaphane from cruciferous vegetables,organosulfur compounds in garlic,betanin from beetroot,a spectrum of citrus fruitflavonoids includingβ-cryptoxanthin,hesperidin,and nobiletin,epigallocatechin-3-gallate from green tea,and curcumin derived from turmeric.These naturally occurring compounds regulate enzymatic pathways involved in xenobiotic metabolism,underscoring their relevance in nutritional oncology.Findings from diverse experimental models show they inhibit phase I enzymes,induce phase II detox enzymes,activate the Nrf2 signaling pathway,and modulate gene expression epigenetically.Collectively,these multifaceted actions contribute to their protective role against carcinogenesis.Although natural approaches show promise for cancer prevention,they face challenges related to bioavailability,standardization,and clinical validation,necessitating further research for effective integration into evidence-based oncology.
基金supported by the sub topics of National Key Technology R&D Program (Grant No. 2015BAC05B05-01)
文摘The ecological concept of Plant Functional Types（PFTs）, which refers to the assemblage of plants with certain functional traits, has been introduced for the study of plant responses to the environment change and human disturbance. Taking the alpine meadow community in the Zoigê Plateau as a study case, this paper classified PFTs in terms of plant nutrition traits. The sequential results are as follows.（1） The main herbages in the Zoigê Plateau included 16 species in 5 families. Among the five families, Cyperaceae vegetation accounted for 81.37%of herbage area in total, while the remaining 4families occupied less than 20%. As for the species,Kobresia setchwanensis Hand.-Maizz. was dominant,accounting for 48.74% of the total area; while the remaining 51.26% was comprised of Polygonum viviparum L., Anaphalis fiavescens Hand.-Mazz.,Stipa aliena Keng and other species.（2） By using the Principal Component Analysis（PCA）, the assessment of herbages nutrition was carried out based on the comprehensive multi-index evaluation model.Polygonum viviparum L. had the highest nutritional value score（1.43）, and Stipa aliena Keng had the lowest（-1.40）. Nutritional value of herbage species had a significantly positive correlation with altitude（P＆lt;0.01） in the Zoigê Plateau.（3） Based on the nutritional values, herbages in the Zoigê Plateau could be grouped into 3 nutrition PFTs（high, medium and low） by using the Natural Breaks（Jenks） method.
文摘Medicinal plants are acknowledged as vital resources for human health,given their therapeutic efficacy in addressing numerous diseases.Due to their antioxidant,antimicrobial,antitumor,and anti-inflammatory properties,medicinal plants find extensive use in food,beverages,pharmaceuticals,cosmetics,animal feed,and other industries.Medicinal plants are the primary source of the richest bio-resources for drugs in both traditional and modern medical systems.Statistics indicate that around 45,000 plants are utilized for medicinal purposes,providing a rich reservoir for discovering active ingredients and novel drugs.Medicinal plants may be utilized in raw or processed form.Effective processing techniques can maximize their nutraceutical and therapeutic potential and are vital for fully valorizing these potential natural resources.Fermentation,a highly traditional,natural,and cost-effective process and a pioneer in modern biotechnology,presents a promising strategy to enhance the nutritional,bioactive,and health potential of medicinal plants.Therefore,the purpose of this comprehensive review is to highlight recent advances in the effects of fermentation on nutritional/functional characteristics,phytochemical properties,therapeutic effects,antimicrobial activity,and flavor profile of medicinal plants.Furthermore,it presents the fermentation effect as an emerging extraction technology for bioactive compounds and a promising tool for the reclamation of medicinal plant waste and residues.The application of fermented medicinal plants in animal feed is also discussed.In conclusion,this bioprocessing turns raw medicinal plants and their waste into promising functional ingredients for food,beverage,pharmaceutical,cosmetic,and feed industries that promote health and well-being.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program,China(2022YFD1302102)Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program,China(ASTIPIAS07)China Scholarship Council,China(202503250014).
文摘Early life is a critical period for metabolic and immune development,during which nutritional inputs may in-fluence physiological maturation beyond basic nutrient supply.This study evaluated a milk-based nutritional formulation as an early-life intervention in lambs.The study further examined associations with microbial fermentation,systemic metabolism,immune responses,growth performance,and maternal physiological re-sponses.Synthetic milk supplementation resulted in body weight gain and average daily gain in lambs,together with elevated circulating growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 levels.Immune indicators,including IgA and IgM,were increased,while pro-inflammatory cytokines were reduced.Supplemented lambs also exhibited higher serum vitamin D3 concentrations and a tendency toward increased calcium levels.At the mi-crobial level,supplementation altered rumen fermentation profiles,characterized by increased acetate and butyrate concentrations and enhanced activities of microbial-associated digestive enzymes,accompanied by shifts in several fermentation-related bacterial genera.Plasma metabolomic analysis revealed alterations in pathways related to amino acid metabolism,mineral absorption,and protein digestion and absorption.In addition,offspring-directed supplementation accompanied by in maternal body condition,immune indices,and plasma metabolic pathways linked to energy metabolism.Overall,these findings indicate that early-life milk-based nutritional supplementation is associated with coordinated microbial,metabolic,and immune responses in lambs and may influence physiological status within the maternal-offspring unit,supporting further investiga-tion of early-life nutritional strategies in food bioscience.
基金supported by funding obtained from the Key Research&Development Project of Shandong Province[no.2018YYSP008]The Open Project of Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Antibody Drugs[No.CIC-AD1839]Scholar Research Foundation.
文摘Objective A commercially available reference product was“re-engineered”and the target emulsion was formulated to contain the same energy density,as well as the same percentage of energy sources,as the reference product.The particle size and distribution,polydispersity index(PDI),and zeta-potential of emulsions were measured as indices to analyse the quality of the emulsions.Methods The centrifugal stability(Ke)was examined as the main measure of the stability of the target emulsion.Critical parameters affecting the stability of emulsions were also determined,while the temperature was fixed at 30℃,shear speed at 3500 r/min,and shear time was 15 min.The optimal quantity of emulsifier was also studied in the crude homogenate.Results A relatively stable emulsion could be obtained by using PC-50 at a dosage of 2%as the emulsifier.A 2∶1 proportion of whey protein to casein,a 1∶1 proportion of maltodextrin(DE 10-15)to maltodextrin(DE 15-20)and medium chain triglyceride(MCT)in powder form were used to obtain the most desirable emulsion.Conclusion This study explored the critical parameters that influence the stability of a total nutrition enteral emulsion designed for cancer patients,providing useful information for further industrialisation of this and other emulsion products.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1100402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31801518 and 31601450)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024T170256).
文摘The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different storage temperatures(4℃,25℃ and 45℃,denoted as T-4,T-25 and T-45,respectively)on the physical stability and protein-lipid co-oxidation of whey protein functional emulsions during the storage period at storage times of 1,2,3 and 6 months.At the 6th month of storage,samples stored at 45℃ were less physically stable than samples stored at 4℃,as evidenced by an increase in particle size(5.50%),a decrease in zeta potential(7.93%),and a decrease in adsorbed protein concentration(36.8%).The most severe protein-lipid co-oxidation was induced in whey protein functional emulsions under 45℃ temperature conditions with increasing storage time.Protein oxidation products(carbonyls,N′-formyl-L-kynurenine,and sulfhydryl groups)and lipid oxidation products(lipid hydroperoxides,thiobarbituric acid reactive substances)were at their highest levels,and significant molecular changes were observed in the molecules of adsorbed protein or unadsorbed proteins.As the storage temperature rises it exposes the active sites such as internal sulfhydryl and hydrophobic groups in the protein,promoting cross-linking and aggregation.Cluster and correlation analyses showed that protein-lipid co-oxidation of emulsions inevitably occurs during storage,but low-temperature storage can delay this process.This study is of guiding significance for the quality maintenance of functional nutritional emulsions and the selection of storage conditions.In addition,this study may provide clearer solutions to the problems of whey protein denaturation and formation of lipid oxides caused by protein-lipid co-oxidation in the food industry,as well as to the problem of increasing the shelf life of products by choosing the appropriate storage,packaging,and transportation temperatures.
